path: root/youtube_dl/extractor/bbc.py

# coding: utf-8
from __future__ import unicode_literals

import functools
import itertools
import json
import re

from .common import InfoExtractor
from ..compat import (
    compat_etree_Element,
    compat_HTTPError,
    compat_parse_qs,
    compat_str,
    compat_urllib_error,
    compat_urllib_parse_urlparse,
    compat_urlparse,
)
from ..utils import (
    ExtractorError,
    OnDemandPagedList,
    clean_html,
    dict_get,
    float_or_none,
    get_element_by_class,
    int_or_none,
    js_to_json,
    parse_duration,
    parse_iso8601,
    strip_or_none,
    try_get,
    unescapeHTML,
    unified_timestamp,
    url_or_none,
    urlencode_postdata,
    urljoin,
)


class BBCCoUkIE(InfoExtractor):
    IE_NAME = 'bbc.co.uk'
    IE_DESC = 'BBC iPlayer'
    _ID_REGEX = r'(?:[pbml][\da-z]{7}|w[\da-z]{7,14})'
    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
                    https?://
                        (?:www\.)?bbc\.co\.uk/
                        (?:
                            programmes/(?!articles/)|
                            iplayer(?:/[^/]+)?/(?:episode/|playlist/)|
                            music/(?:clips|audiovideo/popular)[/#]|
                            radio/player/|
                            sounds/play/|
                            events/[^/]+/play/[^/]+/
                        )
                        (?P<id>%s)(?!/(?:episodes|broadcasts|clips))
                    ''' % _ID_REGEX

    _LOGIN_URL = 'https://account.bbc.com/signin'
    _NETRC_MACHINE = 'bbc'

    _MEDIA_SELECTOR_URL_TEMPL = 'https://open.live.bbc.co.uk/mediaselector/6/select/version/2.0/mediaset/%s/vpid/%s'
    _MEDIA_SETS = [
        # Provides HQ HLS streams with even better quality that pc mediaset but fails
        # with geolocation in some cases when it's even not geo restricted at all (e.g.
        # http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b06bp7lf). Also may fail with selectionunavailable.
        'iptv-all',
        'pc',
    ]

    _EMP_PLAYLIST_NS = 'http://bbc.co.uk/2008/emp/playlist'

    _TESTS = [
        {
            'url': 'http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b039g8p7',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'b039d07m',
                'ext': 'flv',
                'title': 'Kaleidoscope, Leonard Cohen',
                'description': 'The Canadian poet and songwriter reflects on his musical career.',
            },
            'params': {
                # rtmp download
                'skip_download': True,
            }
        },
        {
            'url': 'http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b00yng5w/The_Man_in_Black_Series_3_The_Printed_Name/',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'b00yng1d',
                'ext': 'flv',
                'title': 'The Man in Black: Series 3: The Printed Name',
                'description': "Mark Gatiss introduces Nicholas Pierpan's chilling tale of a writer's devilish pact with a mysterious man. Stars Ewan Bailey.",
                'duration': 1800,
            },
            'params': {
                # rtmp download
                'skip_download': True,
            },
            'skip': 'Episode is no longer available on BBC iPlayer Radio',
        },
        {
            'url': 'http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b03vhd1f/The_Voice_UK_Series_3_Blind_Auditions_5/',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'b00yng1d',
                'ext': 'flv',
                'title': 'The Voice UK: Series 3: Blind Auditions 5',
                'description': 'Emma Willis and Marvin Humes present the fifth set of blind auditions in the singing competition, as the coaches continue to build their teams based on voice alone.',
                'duration': 5100,
            },
            'params': {
                # rtmp download
                'skip_download': True,
            },
            'skip': 'Currently BBC iPlayer TV programmes are available to play in the UK only',
        },
        {
            'url': 'http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/p026c7jt/tomorrows-worlds-the-unearthly-history-of-science-fiction-2-invasion',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'b03k3pb7',
                'ext': 'flv',
                'title': "Tomorrow's Worlds: The Unearthly History of Science Fiction",
                'description': '2. Invasion',
                'duration': 3600,
            },
            'params': {
                # rtmp download
                'skip_download': True,
            },
            'skip': 'Currently BBC iPlayer TV programmes are available to play in the UK only',
        }, {
            'url': 'http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b04v20dw',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'b04v209v',
                'ext': 'flv',
                'title': 'Pete Tong, The Essential New Tune Special',
                'description': "Pete has a very special mix - all of 2014's Essential New Tunes!",
                'duration': 10800,
            },
            'params': {
                # rtmp download
                'skip_download': True,
            },
            'skip': 'Episode is no longer available on BBC iPlayer Radio',
        }, {
            'url': 'http://www.bbc.co.uk/music/clips/p022h44b',
            'note': 'Audio',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'p022h44j',
                'ext': 'flv',
                'title': 'BBC Proms Music Guides, Rachmaninov: Symphonic Dances',
                'description': "In this Proms Music Guide, Andrew McGregor looks at Rachmaninov's Symphonic Dances.",
                'duration': 227,
            },
            'params': {
                # rtmp download
                'skip_download': True,
            }
        }, {
            'url': 'http://www.bbc.co.uk/music/clips/p025c0zz',
            'note': 'Video',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'p025c103',
                'ext': 'flv',
                'title': 'Reading and Leeds Festival, 2014, Rae Morris - Closer (Live on BBC Three)',
                'description': 'Rae Morris performs Closer for BBC Three at Reading 2014',
                'duration': 226,
            },
            'params': {
                # rtmp download
                'skip_download': True,
            }
        }, {
            'url': 'http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b054fn09/ad/natural-world-20152016-2-super-powered-owls',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'p02n76xf',
                'ext': 'flv',
                'title': 'Natural World, 2015-2016: 2. Super Powered Owls',
                'description': 'md5:e4db5c937d0e95a7c6b5e654d429183d',
                'duration': 3540,
            },
            'params': {
                # rtmp download
                'skip_download': True,
            },
            'skip': 'geolocation',
        }, {
            'url': 'http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b05zmgwn/royal-academy-summer-exhibition',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'b05zmgw1',
                'ext': 'flv',
                'description': 'Kirsty Wark and Morgan Quaintance visit the Royal Academy as it prepares for its annual artistic extravaganza, meeting people who have come together to make the show unique.',
                'title': 'Royal Academy Summer Exhibition',
                'duration': 3540,
            },
            'params': {
                # rtmp download
                'skip_download': True,
            },
            'skip': 'geolocation',
        }, {
            # iptv-all mediaset fails with geolocation however there is no geo restriction
            # for this programme at all
            'url': 'http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b06rkn85',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'b06rkms3',
                'ext': 'flv',
                'title': "Best of the Mini-Mixes 2015: Part 3, Annie Mac's Friday Night - BBC Radio 1",
                'description': "Annie has part three in the Best of the Mini-Mixes 2015, plus the year's Most Played!",
            },
            'params': {
                # rtmp download
                'skip_download': True,
            },
            'skip': 'Now it\'s really geo-restricted',
        }, {
            # compact player (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/8147)
            'url': 'http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p028bfkf/player',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'p028bfkj',
                'ext': 'flv',
                'title': 'Extract from BBC documentary Look Stranger - Giant Leeks and Magic Brews',
                'description': 'Extract from BBC documentary Look Stranger - Giant Leeks and Magic Brews',
            },
            'params': {
                # rtmp download
                'skip_download': True,
            },
        }, {
            'url': 'https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m0007jzb',
            'note': 'Audio',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'm0007jz9',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': 'BBC Proms, 2019, Prom 34: West–Eastern Divan Orchestra',
                'description': "Live BBC Proms. West–Eastern Divan Orchestra with Daniel Barenboim and Martha Argerich.",
                'duration': 9840,
            },
            'params': {
                # rtmp download
                'skip_download': True,
            }
        }, {
            'url': 'http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/playlist/p01dvks4',
            'only_matching': True,
        }, {
            'url': 'http://www.bbc.co.uk/music/clips#p02frcc3',
            'only_matching': True,
        }, {
            'url': 'http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/cbeebies/episode/b0480276/bing-14-atchoo',
            'only_matching': True,
        }, {
            'url': 'http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio/player/p03cchwf',
            'only_matching': True,
        }, {
            'url': 'https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/audiovideo/popular#p055bc55',
            'only_matching': True,
        }, {
            'url': 'http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/w3csv1y9',
            'only_matching': True,
        }, {
            'url': 'https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m00005xn',
            'only_matching': True,
        }, {
            'url': 'https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/w172w4dww1jqt5s',
            'only_matching': True,
        }]

    def _login(self):
        username, password = self._get_login_info()
        if username is None:
            return

        login_page = self._download_webpage(
            self._LOGIN_URL, None, 'Downloading signin page')

        login_form = self._hidden_inputs(login_page)

        login_form.update({
            'username': username,
            'password': password,
        })

        post_url = urljoin(self._LOGIN_URL, self._search_regex(
            r'<form[^>]+action=(["\'])(?P<url>.+?)\1', login_page,
            'post url', default=self._LOGIN_URL, group='url'))

        response, urlh = self._download_webpage_handle(
            post_url, None, 'Logging in', data=urlencode_postdata(login_form),
            headers={'Referer': self._LOGIN_URL})

        if self._LOGIN_URL in urlh.geturl():
            error = clean_html(get_element_by_class('form-message', response))
            if error:
                raise ExtractorError(
                    'Unable to login: %s' % error, expected=True)
            raise ExtractorError('Unable to log in')

    def _real_initialize(self):
        self._login()

    class MediaSelectionError(Exception):
        def __init__(self, id):
            self.id = id

    def _extract_asx_playlist(self, connection, programme_id):
        asx = self._download_xml(connection.get('href'), programme_id, 'Downloading ASX playlist')
        return [ref.get('href') for ref in asx.findall('./Entry/ref')]

    def _extract_items(self, playlist):
        return playlist.findall('./{%s}item' % self._EMP_PLAYLIST_NS)

    def _extract_medias(self, media_selection):
        error = media_selection.get('result')
        if error:
            raise BBCCoUkIE.MediaSelectionError(error)
        return media_selection.get('media') or []

    def _extract_connections(self, media):
        return media.get('connection') or []

    def _get_subtitles(self, media, programme_id):
        subtitles = {}
        for connection in self._extract_connections(media):
            cc_url = url_or_none(connection.get('href'))
            if not cc_url:
                continue
            captions = self._download_xml(
                cc_url, programme_id, 'Downloading captions', fatal=False)
            if not isinstance(captions, compat_etree_Element):
                continue
            subtitles['en'] = [
                {
                    'url': connection.get('href'),
                    'ext': 'ttml',
                },
            ]
            break
        return subtitles

    def _raise_extractor_error(self, media_selection_error):
        raise ExtractorError(
            '%s returned error: %s' % (self.IE_NAME, media_selection_error.id),
            expected=True)

    def _download_media_selector(self, programme_id):
        last_exception = None
        for media_set in self._MEDIA_SETS:
            try:
                return self._download_media_selector_url(
                    self._MEDIA_SELECTOR_URL_TEMPL % (media_set, programme_id), programme_id)
            except BBCCoUkIE.MediaSelectionError as e:
                if e.id in ('notukerror', 'geolocation', 'selectionunavailable'):
                    last_exception = e
                    continue
                self._raise_extractor_error(e)
        self._raise_extractor_error(last_exception)

    def _download_media_selector_url(self, url, programme_id=None):
        media_selection = self._download_json(
            url, programme_id, 'Downloading media selection JSON',
            expected_status=(403, 404))
        return self._process_media_selector(media_selection, programme_id)

    def _process_media_selector(self, media_selection, programme_id):
        formats = []
        subtitles = None
        urls = []

        for media in self._extract_medias(media_selection):
            kind = media.get('kind')
            if kind in ('video', 'audio'):
                bitrate = int_or_none(media.get('bitrate'))
                encoding = media.get('encoding')
                width = int_or_none(media.get('width'))
                height = int_or_none(media.get('height'))
                file_size = int_or_none(media.get('media_file_size'))
                for connection in self._extract_connections(media):
                    href = connection.get('href')
                    if href in urls:
                        continue
                    if href:
                        urls.append(href)
                    conn_kind = connection.get('kind')
                    protocol = connection.get('protocol')
                    supplier = connection.get('supplier')
                    transfer_format = connection.get('transferFormat')
                    format_id = supplier or conn_kind or protocol
                    # ASX playlist
                    if supplier == 'asx':
                        for i, ref in enumerate(self._extract_asx_playlist(connection, programme_id)):
                            formats.append({
                                'url': ref,
                                'format_id': 'ref%s_%s' % (i, format_id),
                            })
                    elif transfer_format == 'dash':
                        formats.extend(self._extract_mpd_formats(
                            href, programme_id, mpd_id=format_id, fatal=False))
                    elif transfer_format == 'hls':
                        # TODO: let expected_status be passed into _extract_xxx_formats() instead
                        try:
                            fmts = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
                                href, programme_id, ext='mp4', entry_protocol='m3u8_native',
                                m3u8_id=format_id, fatal=False)
                        except ExtractorError as e:
                            if not (isinstance(e.exc_info[1], compat_urllib_error.HTTPError)
                                    and e.exc_info[1].code in (403, 404)):
                                raise
                            fmts = []
                        formats.extend(fmts)
                    elif transfer_format == 'hds':
                        formats.extend(self._extract_f4m_formats(
                            href, programme_id, f4m_id=format_id, fatal=False))
                    else:
                        if not supplier and bitrate:
                            format_id += '-%d' % bitrate
                        fmt = {
                            'format_id': format_id,
                            'filesize': file_size,
                        }
                        if kind == 'video':
                            fmt.update({
                                'width': width,
                                'height': height,
                                'tbr': bitrate,
                                'vcodec': encoding,
                            })
                        else:
                            fmt.update({
                                'abr': bitrate,
                                'acodec': encoding,
                                'vcodec': 'none',
                            })
                        if protocol in ('http', 'https'):
                            # Direct link
                            fmt.update({
                                'url': href,
                            })
                        elif protocol == 'rtmp':
                            application = connection.get('application', 'ondemand')
                            auth_string = connection.get('authString')
                            identifier = connection.get('identifier')
                            server = connection.get('server')
                            fmt.update({
                                'url': '%s://%s/%s?%s' % (protocol, server, application, auth_string),
                                'play_path': identifier,
                                'app': '%s?%s' % (application, auth_string),
                                'page_url': 'http://www.bbc.co.uk',
                                'player_url': 'http://www.bbc.co.uk/emp/releases/iplayer/revisions/617463_618125_4/617463_618125_4_emp.swf',
                                'rtmp_live': False,
                                'ext': 'flv',
                            })
                        else:
                            continue
                        formats.append(fmt)
            elif kind == 'captions':
                subtitles = self.extract_subtitles(media, programme_id)
        return formats, subtitles

    def _download_playlist(self, playlist_id):
        try:
            playlist = self._download_json(
                'http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/%s/playlist.json' % playlist_id,
                playlist_id, 'Downloading playlist JSON')

            version = playlist.get('defaultAvailableVersion')
            if version:
                smp_config = version['smpConfig']
                title = smp_config['title']
                description = smp_config['summary']
                for item in smp_config['items']:
                    kind = item['kind']
                    if kind not in ('programme', 'radioProgramme'):
                        continue
                    programme_id = item.get('vpid')
                    duration = int_or_none(item.get('duration'))
                    formats, subtitles = self._download_media_selector(programme_id)
                return programme_id, title, description, duration, formats, subtitles
        except ExtractorError as ee:
            if not (isinstance(ee.cause, compat_HTTPError) and ee.cause.code == 404):
                raise

        # fallback to legacy playlist
        return self._process_legacy_playlist(playlist_id)

    def _process_legacy_playlist_url(self, url, display_id):
        playlist = self._download_legacy_playlist_url(url, display_id)
        return self._extract_from_legacy_playlist(playlist, display_id)

    def _process_legacy_playlist(self, playlist_id):
        return self._process_legacy_playlist_url(
            'http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/playlist/%s' % playlist_id, playlist_id)

    def _download_legacy_playlist_url(self, url, playlist_id=None):
        return self._download_xml(
            url, playlist_id, 'Downloading legacy playlist XML')

    def _extract_from_legacy_playlist(self, playlist, playlist_id):
        no_items = playlist.find('./{%s}noItems' % self._EMP_PLAYLIST_NS)
        if no_items is not None:
            reason = no_items.get('reason')
            if reason == 'preAvailability':
                msg = 'Episode %s is not yet available' % playlist_id
            elif reason == 'postAvailability':
                msg = 'Episode %s is no longer available' % playlist_id
            elif reason == 'noMedia':
                msg = 'Episode %s is not currently available' % playlist_id
            else:
                msg = 'Episode %s is not available: %s' % (playlist_id, reason)
            raise ExtractorError(msg, expected=True)

        for item in self._extract_items(playlist):
            kind = item.get('kind')
            if kind not in ('programme', 'radioProgramme'):
                continue
            title = playlist.find('./{%s}title' % self._EMP_PLAYLIST_NS).text
            description_el = playlist.find('./{%s}summary' % self._EMP_PLAYLIST_NS)
            description = description_el.text if description_el is not None else None

            def get_programme_id(item):
                def get_from_attributes(item):
                    for p in ('identifier', 'group'):
                        value = item.get(p)
                        if value and re.match(r'^[pb][\da-z]{7}$', value):
                            return value
                get_from_attributes(item)
                mediator = item.find('./{%s}mediator' % self._EMP_PLAYLIST_NS)
                if mediator is not None:
                    return get_from_attributes(mediator)

            programme_id = get_programme_id(item)
            duration = int_or_none(item.get('duration'))

            if programme_id:
                formats, subtitles = self._download_media_selector(programme_id)
            else:
                formats, subtitles = self._process_media_selector(item, playlist_id)
                programme_id = playlist_id

        return programme_id, title, description, duration, formats, subtitles

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        group_id = self._match_id(url)

        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, group_id, 'Downloading video page')

        error = self._search_regex(
            r'<div\b[^>]+\bclass=["\'](?:smp|playout)__message delta["\'][^>]*>\s*([^<]+?)\s*<',
            webpage, 'error', default=None)
        if error:
            raise ExtractorError(error, expected=True)

        programme_id = None
        duration = None

        tviplayer = self._search_regex(
            r'mediator\.bind\(({.+?})\s*,\s*document\.getElementById',
            webpage, 'player', default=None)

        if tviplayer:
            player = self._parse_json(tviplayer, group_id).get('player', {})
            duration = int_or_none(player.get('duration'))
            programme_id = player.get('vpid')

        if not programme_id:
            programme_id = self._search_regex(
                r'"vpid"\s*:\s*"(%s)"' % self._ID_REGEX, webpage, 'vpid', fatal=False, default=None)

        if programme_id:
            formats, subtitles = self._download_media_selector(programme_id)
            title = self._og_search_title(webpage, default=None) or self._html_search_regex(
                (r'<h2[^>]+id="parent-title"[^>]*>(.+?)</h2>',
                 r'<div[^>]+class="info"[^>]*>\s*<h1>(.+?)</h1>'), webpage, 'title')
            description = self._search_regex(
                (r'<p class="[^"]*medium-description[^"]*">([^<]+)</p>',
                 r'<div[^>]+class="info_+synopsis"[^>]*>([^<]+)</div>'),
                webpage, 'description', default=None)
            if not description:
                description = self._html_search_meta('description', webpage)
        else:
            programme_id, title, description, duration, formats, subtitles = self._download_playlist(group_id)

        self._sort_formats(formats)

        return {
            'id': programme_id,
            'title': title,
            'description': description,
            'thumbnail': self._og_search_thumbnail(webpage, default=None),
            'duration': duration,
            'formats': formats,
            'subtitles': subtitles,
        }


class BBCIE(BBCCoUkIE):
    IE_NAME = 'bbc'
    IE_DESC = 'BBC'
    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?bbc\.(?:com|co\.uk)/(?:[^/]+/)+(?P<id>[^/#?]+)'

    _MEDIA_SETS = [
        'mobile-tablet-main',
        'pc',
    ]

    _TESTS = [{
        # article with multiple videos embedded with data-playable containing vpids
        'url': 'http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-32668511',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'world-europe-32668511',
            'title': 'Russia stages massive WW2 parade',
            'description': 'md5:00ff61976f6081841f759a08bf78cc9c',
        },
        'playlist_count': 2,
    }, {
        # article with multiple videos embedded with data-playable (more videos)
        'url': 'http://www.bbc.com/news/business-28299555',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'business-28299555',
            'title': 'Farnborough Airshow: Video highlights',
            'description': 'BBC reports and video highlights at the Farnborough Airshow.',
        },
        'playlist_count': 9,
        'skip': 'Save time',
    }, {
        # article with multiple videos embedded with `new SMP()`
        # broken
        'url': 'http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/adamcurtis/entries/3662a707-0af9-3149-963f-47bea720b460',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': '3662a707-0af9-3149-963f-47bea720b460',
            'title': 'BUGGER',
        },
        'playlist_count': 18,
    }, {
        # single video embedded with data-playable containing vpid
        'url': 'http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-32041533',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'p02mprgb',
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'title': 'Aerial footage showed the site of the crash in the Alps - courtesy BFM TV',
            'description': 'md5:2868290467291b37feda7863f7a83f54',
            'duration': 47,
            'timestamp': 1427219242,
            'upload_date': '20150324',
        },
        'params': {
            # rtmp download
            'skip_download': True,
        }
    }, {
        # article with single video embedded with data-playable containing XML playlist
        # with direct video links as progressiveDownloadUrl (for now these are extracted)
        # and playlist with f4m and m3u8 as streamingUrl
        'url': 'http://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler/2015/06/150615_telabyad_kentin_cogu',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': '150615_telabyad_kentin_cogu',
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'title': "YPG: Tel Abyad'ın tamamı kontrolümüzde",
            'description': 'md5:33a4805a855c9baf7115fcbde57e7025',
            'timestamp': 1434397334,
            'upload_date': '20150615',
        },
        'params': {
            'skip_download': True,
        }
    }, {
        # single video embedded with data-playable containing XML playlists (regional section)
        'url': 'http://www.bbc.com/mundo/video_fotos/2015/06/150619_video_honduras_militares_hospitales_corrupcion_aw',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': '150619_video_honduras_militares_hospitales_corrupcion_aw',
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'title': 'Honduras militariza sus hospitales por nuevo escándalo de corrupción',
            'description': 'md5:1525f17448c4ee262b64b8f0c9ce66c8',
            'timestamp': 1434713142,
            'upload_date': '20150619',
        },
        'params': {
            'skip_download': True,
        }
    }, {
        # single video from video playlist embedded with vxp-playlist-data JSON
        'url': 'http://www.bbc.com/news/video_and_audio/must_see/33376376',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'p02w6qjc',
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'title': '''Judge Mindy Glazer: "I'm sorry to see you here... I always wondered what happened to you"''',
            'duration': 56,
            'description': '''Judge Mindy Glazer: "I'm sorry to see you here... I always wondered what happened to you"''',
        },
        'params': {
            'skip_download': True,
        }
    }, {
        # single video story with digitalData
        'url': 'http://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20150625-sri-lankas-spicy-secret',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'p02q6gc4',
            'ext': 'flv',
            'title': 'Sri Lanka’s spicy secret',
            'description': 'As a new train line to Jaffna opens up the country’s north, travellers can experience a truly distinct slice of Tamil culture.',
            'timestamp': 1437674293,
            'upload_date': '20150723',
        },
        'params': {
            # rtmp download
            'skip_download': True,
        }
    }, {
        # single video story without digitalData
        'url': 'http://www.bbc.com/autos/story/20130513-hyundais-rock-star',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'p018zqqg',
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'title': 'Hyundai Santa Fe Sport: Rock star',
            'description': 'md5:b042a26142c4154a6e472933cf20793d',
            'timestamp': 1415867444,
            'upload_date': '20141113',
        },
        'params': {
            # rtmp download
            'skip_download': True,
        }
    }, {
        # single video embedded with Morph
        'url': 'http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/live/olympics/36895975',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'p041vhd0',
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'title': "Nigeria v Japan - Men's First Round",
            'description': 'Live coverage of the first round from Group B at the Amazonia Arena.',
            'duration': 7980,
            'uploader': 'BBC Sport',
            'uploader_id': 'bbc_sport',
        },
        'params': {
            # m3u8 download
            'skip_download': True,
        },
        'skip': 'Georestricted to UK',
    }, {
        # single video with playlist.sxml URL in playlist param
        'url': 'http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/33653409',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'p02xycnp',
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'title': 'Transfers: Cristiano Ronaldo to Man Utd, Arsenal to spend?',
            'description': 'BBC Sport\'s David Ornstein has the latest transfer gossip, including rumours of a Manchester United return for Cristiano Ronaldo.',
            'duration': 140,
        },
        'params': {
            # rtmp download
            'skip_download': True,
        }
    }, {
        # article with multiple videos embedded with playlist.sxml in playlist param
        'url': 'http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/34475836',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': '34475836',
            'title': 'Jurgen Klopp: Furious football from a witty and winning coach',
            'description': 'Fast-paced football, wit, wisdom and a ready smile - why Liverpool fans should come to love new boss Jurgen Klopp.',
        },
        'playlist_count': 3,
    }, {
        # school report article with single video
        'url': 'http://www.bbc.co.uk/schoolreport/35744779',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': '35744779',
            'title': 'School which breaks down barriers in Jerusalem',
        },
        'playlist_count': 1,
    }, {
        # single video with playlist URL from weather section
        'url': 'http://www.bbc.com/weather/features/33601775',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        # custom redirection to www.bbc.com
        # also, video with window.__INITIAL_DATA__
        'url': 'http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-33661876',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'p02xzws1',
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'title': "Pluto may have 'nitrogen glaciers'",
            'description': 'md5:6a95b593f528d7a5f2605221bc56912f',
            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+/.+\.jpg',
            'timestamp': 1437785037,
            'upload_date': '20150725',
        },
    }, {
        # video with window.__INITIAL_DATA__ and value as JSON string
        'url': 'https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-europe-59468682',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'p0b71qth',
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'title': 'Why France is making this woman a national hero',
            'description': 'md5:7affdfab80e9c3a1f976230a1ff4d5e4',
            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+/.+\.jpg',
            'timestamp': 1638230731,
            'upload_date': '20211130',
        },
    }, {
        # single video article embedded with data-media-vpid
        'url': 'http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/rowing/35908187',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        # bbcthreeConfig
        'url': 'https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcthree/clip/73d0bbd0-abc3-4cea-b3c0-cdae21905eb1',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'p06556y7',
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'title': 'Things Not To Say to people that live on council estates',
            'description': "From being labelled a 'chav', to the presumption that they're 'scroungers', people who live on council estates encounter all kinds of prejudices and false assumptions about themselves, their families, and their lifestyles. Here, eight people discuss the common statements, misconceptions, and clichés that they're tired of hearing.",
            'duration': 360,
            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+/.+\.jpg',
        },
    }, {
        # window.__PRELOADED_STATE__
        'url': 'https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio/play/b0b9z4yl',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'b0b9z4vz',
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'title': 'Prom 6: An American in Paris and Turangalila',
            'description': 'md5:51cf7d6f5c8553f197e58203bc78dff8',
            'uploader': 'Radio 3',
            'uploader_id': 'bbc_radio_three',
        },
    }, {
        'url': 'http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/chinese/features/lingohack/ep-181227',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'p06w9tws',
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'title': 'md5:2fabf12a726603193a2879a055f72514',
            'description': 'Learn English words and phrases from this story',
        },
        'add_ie': [BBCCoUkIE.ie_key()],
    }, {
        # BBC Reel
        'url': 'https://www.bbc.com/reel/video/p07c6sb6/how-positive-thinking-is-harming-your-happiness',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'p07c6sb9',
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'title': 'How positive thinking is harming your happiness',
            'alt_title': 'The downsides of positive thinking',
            'description': 'md5:fad74b31da60d83b8265954ee42d85b4',
            'duration': 235,
            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+/p07c9dsr.jpg',
            'upload_date': '20190604',
            'categories': ['Psychology'],
        },
    }]

    @classmethod
    def suitable(cls, url):
        EXCLUDE_IE = (BBCCoUkIE, BBCCoUkArticleIE, BBCCoUkIPlayerEpisodesIE, BBCCoUkIPlayerGroupIE, BBCCoUkPlaylistIE)
        return (False if any(ie.suitable(url) for ie in EXCLUDE_IE)
                else super(BBCIE, cls).suitable(url))

    def _extract_from_media_meta(self, media_meta, video_id):
        # Direct links to media in media metadata (e.g.
        # http://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler/2015/06/150615_telabyad_kentin_cogu)
        # TODO: there are also f4m and m3u8 streams incorporated in playlist.sxml
        source_files = media_meta.get('sourceFiles')
        if source_files:
            return [{
                'url': f['url'],
                'format_id': format_id,
                'ext': f.get('encoding'),
                'tbr': float_or_none(f.get('bitrate'), 1000),
                'filesize': int_or_none(f.get('filesize')),
            } for format_id, f in source_files.items() if f.get('url')], []

        programme_id = media_meta.get('externalId')
        if programme_id:
            return self._download_media_selector(programme_id)

        # Process playlist.sxml as legacy playlist
        href = media_meta.get('href')
        if href:
            playlist = self._download_legacy_playlist_url(href)
            _, _, _, _, formats, subtitles = self._extract_from_legacy_playlist(playlist, video_id)
            return formats, subtitles

        return [], []

    def _extract_from_playlist_sxml(self, url, playlist_id, timestamp):
        programme_id, title, description, duration, formats, subtitles = \
            self._process_legacy_playlist_url(url, playlist_id)
        self._sort_formats(formats)
        return {
            'id': programme_id,
            'title': title,
            'description': description,
            'duration': duration,
            'timestamp': timestamp,
            'formats': formats,
            'subtitles': subtitles,
        }

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        playlist_id = self._match_id(url)

        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, playlist_id)

        json_ld_info = self._search_json_ld(webpage, playlist_id, default={})
        timestamp = json_ld_info.get('timestamp')

        playlist_title = json_ld_info.get('title')
        if not playlist_title:
            playlist_title = self._og_search_title(
                webpage, default=None) or self._html_search_regex(
                r'<title>(.+?)</title>', webpage, 'playlist title', default=None)
            if playlist_title:
                playlist_title = re.sub(r'(.+)\s*-\s*BBC.*?$', r'\1', playlist_title).strip()

        playlist_description = json_ld_info.get(
            'description') or self._og_search_description(webpage, default=None)

        if not timestamp:
            timestamp = parse_iso8601(self._search_regex(
                [r'<meta[^>]+property="article:published_time"[^>]+content="([^"]+)"',
                 r'itemprop="datePublished"[^>]+datetime="([^"]+)"',
                 r'"datePublished":\s*"([^"]+)'],
                webpage, 'date', default=None))

        entries = []

        # article with multiple videos embedded with playlist.sxml (e.g.
        # http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/34475836)
        playlists = re.findall(r'<param[^>]+name="playlist"[^>]+value="([^"]+)"', webpage)
        playlists.extend(re.findall(r'data-media-id="([^"]+/playlist\.sxml)"', webpage))
        if playlists:
            entries = [
                self._extract_from_playlist_sxml(playlist_url, playlist_id, timestamp)
                for playlist_url in playlists]

        # news article with multiple videos embedded with data-playable
        data_playables = re.findall(r'data-playable=(["\'])({.+?})\1', webpage)
        if data_playables:
            for _, data_playable_json in data_playables:
                data_playable = self._parse_json(
                    unescapeHTML(data_playable_json), playlist_id, fatal=False)
                if not data_playable:
                    continue
                settings = data_playable.get('settings', {})
                if settings:
                    # data-playable with video vpid in settings.playlistObject.items (e.g.
                    # http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-34473351)
                    playlist_object = settings.get('playlistObject', {})
                    if playlist_object:
                        items = playlist_object.get('items')
                        if items and isinstance(items, list):
                            title = playlist_object['title']
                            description = playlist_object.get('summary')
                            duration = int_or_none(items[0].get('duration'))
                            programme_id = items[0].get('vpid')
                            formats, subtitles = self._download_media_selector(programme_id)
                            self._sort_formats(formats)
                            entries.append({
                                'id': programme_id,
                                'title': title,
                                'description': description,
                                'timestamp': timestamp,
                                'duration': duration,
                                'formats': formats,
                                'subtitles': subtitles,
                            })
                    else:
                        # data-playable without vpid but with a playlist.sxml URLs
                        # in otherSettings.playlist (e.g.
                        # http://www.bbc.com/turkce/multimedya/2015/10/151010_vid_ankara_patlama_ani)
                        playlist = data_playable.get('otherSettings', {}).get('playlist', {})
                        if playlist:
                            entry = None
                            for key in ('streaming', 'progressiveDownload'):
                                playlist_url = playlist.get('%sUrl' % key)
                                if not playlist_url:
                                    continue
                                try:
                                    info = self._extract_from_playlist_sxml(
                                        playlist_url, playlist_id, timestamp)
                                    if not entry:
                                        entry = info
                                    else:
                                        entry['title'] = info['title']
                                        entry['formats'].extend(info['formats'])
                                except ExtractorError as e:
                                    # Some playlist URL may fail with 500, at the same time
                                    # the other one may work fine (e.g.
                                    # http://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler/2015/06/150615_telabyad_kentin_cogu)
                                    if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 500:
                                        continue
                                    raise
                            if entry:
                                self._sort_formats(entry['formats'])
                                entries.append(entry)

        if entries:
            return self.playlist_result(entries, playlist_id, playlist_title, playlist_description)

        # http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/chinese/features/lingohack/ep-181227
        group_id = self._search_regex(
            r'<div[^>]+\bclass=["\']video["\'][^>]+\bdata-pid=["\'](%s)' % self._ID_REGEX,
            webpage, 'group id', default=None)
        if group_id:
            return self.url_result(
                'https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/%s' % group_id,
                ie=BBCCoUkIE.ie_key())

        # single video story (e.g. http://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20150625-sri-lankas-spicy-secret)
        programme_id = self._search_regex(
            [r'data-(?:video-player|media)-vpid="(%s)"' % self._ID_REGEX,
             r'<param[^>]+name="externalIdentifier"[^>]+value="(%s)"' % self._ID_REGEX,
             r'videoId\s*:\s*["\'](%s)["\']' % self._ID_REGEX],
            webpage, 'vpid', default=None)

        if programme_id:
            formats, subtitles = self._download_media_selector(programme_id)
            self._sort_formats(formats)
            # digitalData may be missing (e.g. http://www.bbc.com/autos/story/20130513-hyundais-rock-star)
            digital_data = self._parse_json(
                self._search_regex(
                    r'var\s+digitalData\s*=\s*({.+?});?\n', webpage, 'digital data', default='{}'),
                programme_id, fatal=False)
            page_info = digital_data.get('page', {}).get('pageInfo', {})
            title = page_info.get('pageName') or self._og_search_title(webpage)
            description = page_info.get('description') or self._og_search_description(webpage)
            timestamp = parse_iso8601(page_info.get('publicationDate')) or timestamp
            return {
                'id': programme_id,
                'title': title,
                'description': description,
                'timestamp': timestamp,
                'formats': formats,
                'subtitles': subtitles,
            }

        # bbc reel (e.g. https://www.bbc.com/reel/video/p07c6sb6/how-positive-thinking-is-harming-your-happiness)
        initial_data = self._parse_json(self._html_search_regex(
            r'<script[^>]+id=(["\'])initial-data\1[^>]+data-json=(["\'])(?P<json>(?:(?!\2).)+)',
            webpage, 'initial data', default='{}', group='json'), playlist_id, fatal=False)
        if initial_data:
            init_data = try_get(
                initial_data, lambda x: x['initData']['items'][0], dict) or {}
            smp_data = init_data.get('smpData') or {}
            clip_data = try_get(smp_data, lambda x: x['items'][0], dict) or {}
            version_id = clip_data.get('versionID')
            if version_id:
                title = smp_data['title']
                formats, subtitles = self._download_media_selector(version_id)
                self._sort_formats(formats)
                image_url = smp_data.get('holdingImageURL')
                display_date = init_data.get('displayDate')
                topic_title = init_data.get('topicTitle')

                return {
                    'id': version_id,
                    'title': title,
                    'formats': formats,
                    'alt_title': init_data.get('shortTitle'),
                    'thumbnail': image_url.replace('$recipe', 'raw') if image_url else None,
                    'description': smp_data.get('summary') or init_data.get('shortSummary'),
                    'upload_date': display_date.replace('-', '') if display_date else None,
                    'subtitles': subtitles,
                    'duration': int_or_none(clip_data.get('duration')),
                    'categories': [topic_title] if topic_title else None,
                }

        # Morph based embed (e.g. http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/live/olympics/36895975)
        # There are several setPayload calls may be present but the video
        # seems to be always related to the first one
        morph_payload = self._parse_json(
            self._search_regex(
                r'Morph\.setPayload\([^,]+,\s*({.+?})\);',
                webpage, 'morph payload', default='{}'),
            playlist_id, fatal=False)
        if morph_payload:
            components = try_get(morph_payload, lambda x: x['body']['components'], list) or []
            for component in components:
                if not isinstance(component, dict):
                    continue
                lead_media = try_get(component, lambda x: x['props']['leadMedia'], dict)
                if not lead_media:
                    continue
                identifiers = lead_media.get('identifiers')
                if not identifiers or not isinstance(identifiers, dict):
                    continue
                programme_id = identifiers.get('vpid') or identifiers.get('playablePid')
                if not programme_id:
                    continue
                title = lead_media.get('title') or self._og_search_title(webpage)
                formats, subtitles = self._download_media_selector(programme_id)
                self._sort_formats(formats)
                description = lead_media.get('summary')
                uploader = lead_media.get('masterBrand')
                uploader_id = lead_media.get('mid')
                duration = None
                duration_d = lead_media.get('duration')
                if isinstance(duration_d, dict):
                    duration = parse_duration(dict_get(
                        duration_d, ('rawDuration', 'formattedDuration', 'spokenDuration')))
                return {
                    'id': programme_id,
                    'title': title,
                    'description': description,
                    'duration': duration,
                    'uploader': uploader,
                    'uploader_id': uploader_id,
                    'formats': formats,
                    'subtitles': subtitles,
                }

        preload_state = self._parse_json(self._search_regex(
            r'window\.__PRELOADED_STATE__\s*=\s*({.+?});', webpage,
            'preload state', default='{}'), playlist_id, fatal=False)
        if preload_state:
            current_programme = preload_state.get('programmes', {}).get('current') or {}
            programme_id = current_programme.get('id')
            if current_programme and programme_id and current_programme.get('type') == 'playable_item':
                title = current_programme.get('titles', {}).get('tertiary') or playlist_title
                formats, subtitles = self._download_media_selector(programme_id)
                self._sort_formats(formats)
                synopses = current_programme.get('synopses') or {}
                network = current_programme.get('network') or {}
                duration = int_or_none(
                    current_programme.get('duration', {}).get('value'))
                thumbnail = None
                image_url = current_programme.get('image_url')
                if image_url:
                    thumbnail = image_url.replace('{recipe}', 'raw')
                return {
                    'id': programme_id,
                    'title': title,
                    'description': dict_get(synopses, ('long', 'medium', 'short')),
                    'thumbnail': thumbnail,
                    'duration': duration,
                    'uploader': network.get('short_title'),
                    'uploader_id': network.get('id'),
                    'formats': formats,
                    'subtitles': subtitles,
                }

        bbc3_config = self._parse_json(
            self._search_regex(
                r'(?s)bbcthreeConfig\s*=\s*({.+?})\s*;\s*<', webpage,
                'bbcthree config', default='{}'),
            playlist_id, transform_source=js_to_json, fatal=False) or {}
        payload = bbc3_config.get('payload') or {}
        if payload:
            clip = payload.get('currentClip') or {}
            clip_vpid = clip.get('vpid')
            clip_title = clip.get('title')
            if clip_vpid and clip_title:
                formats, subtitles = self._download_media_selector(clip_vpid)
                self._sort_formats(formats)
                return {
                    'id': clip_vpid,
                    'title': clip_title,
                    'thumbnail': dict_get(clip, ('poster', 'imageUrl')),
                    'description': clip.get('description'),
                    'duration': parse_duration(clip.get('duration')),
                    'formats': formats,
                    'subtitles': subtitles,
                }
            bbc3_playlist = try_get(
                payload, lambda x: x['content']['bbcMedia']['playlist'],
                dict)
            if bbc3_playlist:
                playlist_title = bbc3_playlist.get('title') or playlist_title
                thumbnail = bbc3_playlist.get('holdingImageURL')
                entries = []
                for bbc3_item in bbc3_playlist['items']:
                    programme_id = bbc3_item.get('versionID')
                    if not programme_id:
                        continue
                    formats, subtitles = self._download_media_selector(programme_id)
                    self._sort_formats(formats)
                    entries.append({
                        'id': programme_id,
                        'title': playlist_title,
                        'thumbnail': thumbnail,
                        'timestamp': timestamp,
                        'formats': formats,
                        'subtitles': subtitles,
                    })
                return self.playlist_result(
                    entries, playlist_id, playlist_title, playlist_description)

        initial_data = self._search_regex(
            r'window\.__INITIAL_DATA__\s*=\s*("{.+?}")\s*;', webpage,
            'quoted preload state', default=None)
        if initial_data is None:
            initial_data = self._search_regex(
                r'window\.__INITIAL_DATA__\s*=\s*({.+?})\s*;', webpage,
                'preload state', default={})
        else:
            initial_data = self._parse_json(initial_data or '"{}"', playlist_id, fatal=False)
        initial_data = self._parse_json(initial_data, playlist_id, fatal=False)
        if initial_data:
            def parse_media(media):
                if not media:
                    return
                for item in (try_get(media, lambda x: x['media']['items'], list) or []):
                    item_id = item.get('id')
                    item_title = item.get('title')
                    if not (item_id and item_title):
                        continue
                    formats, subtitles = self._download_media_selector(item_id)
                    self._sort_formats(formats)
                    item_desc = None
                    blocks = try_get(media, lambda x: x['summary']['blocks'], list)
                    if blocks:
                        summary = []
                        for block in blocks:
                            text = try_get(block, lambda x: x['model']['text'], compat_str)
                            if text:
                                summary.append(text)
                        if summary:
                            item_desc = '\n\n'.join(summary)
                    item_time = None
                    for meta in try_get(media, lambda x: x['metadata']['items'], list) or []:
                        if try_get(meta, lambda x: x['label']) == 'Published':
                            item_time = unified_timestamp(meta.get('timestamp'))
                            break
                    entries.append({
                        'id': item_id,
                        'title': item_title,
                        'thumbnail': item.get('holdingImageUrl'),
                        'formats': formats,
                        'subtitles': subtitles,
                        'timestamp': item_time,
                        'description': strip_or_none(item_desc),
                    })
            for resp in (initial_data.get('data') or {}).values():
                name = resp.get('name')
                if name == 'media-experience':
                    parse_media(try_get(resp, lambda x: x['data']['initialItem']['mediaItem'], dict))
                elif name == 'article':
                    for block in (try_get(resp,
                                          (lambda x: x['data']['blocks'],
                                           lambda x: x['data']['content']['model']['blocks'],),
                                          list) or []):
                        if block.get('type') != 'media':
                            continue
                        parse_media(block.get('model'))
            return self.playlist_result(
                entries, playlist_id, playlist_title, playlist_description)

        def extract_all(pattern):
            return list(filter(None, map(
                lambda s: self._parse_json(s, playlist_id, fatal=False),
                re.findall(pattern, webpage))))

        # Multiple video article (e.g.
        # http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/adamcurtis/entries/3662a707-0af9-3149-963f-47bea720b460)
        EMBED_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?bbc\.co\.uk/(?:[^/]+/)+%s(?:\b[^"]+)?' % self._ID_REGEX
        entries = []
        for match in extract_all(r'new\s+SMP\(({.+?})\)'):
            embed_url = match.get('playerSettings', {}).get('externalEmbedUrl')
            if embed_url and re.match(EMBED_URL, embed_url):
                entries.append(embed_url)
        entries.extend(re.findall(
            r'setPlaylist\("(%s)"\)' % EMBED_URL, webpage))
        if entries:
            return self.playlist_result(
                [self.url_result(entry_, 'BBCCoUk') for entry_ in entries],
                playlist_id, playlist_title, playlist_description)

        # Multiple video article (e.g. http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-32668511)
        medias = extract_all(r"data-media-meta='({[^']+})'")

        if not medias:
            # Single video article (e.g. http://www.bbc.com/news/video_and_audio/international)
            media_asset = self._search_regex(
                r'mediaAssetPage\.init\(\s*({.+?}), "/',
                webpage, 'media asset', default=None)
            if media_asset:
                media_asset_page = self._parse_json(media_asset, playlist_id, fatal=False)
                medias = []
                for video in media_asset_page.get('videos', {}).values():
                    medias.extend(video.values())

        if not medias:
            # Multiple video playlist with single `now playing` entry (e.g.
            # http://www.bbc.com/news/video_and_audio/must_see/33767813)
            vxp_playlist = self._parse_json(
                self._search_regex(
                    r'<script[^>]+class="vxp-playlist-data"[^>]+type="application/json"[^>]*>([^<]+)</script>',
                    webpage, 'playlist data'),
                playlist_id)
            playlist_medias = []
            for item in vxp_playlist:
                media = item.get('media')
                if not media:
                    continue
                playlist_medias.append(media)
                # Download single video if found media with asset id matching the video id from URL
                if item.get('advert', {}).get('assetId') == playlist_id:
                    medias = [media]
                    break
            # Fallback to the whole playlist
            if not medias:
                medias = playlist_medias

        entries = []
        for num, media_meta in enumerate(medias, start=1):
            formats, subtitles = self._extract_from_media_meta(media_meta, playlist_id)
            if not formats:
                continue
            self._sort_formats(formats)

            video_id = media_meta.get('externalId')
            if not video_id:
                video_id = playlist_id if len(medias) == 1 else '%s-%s' % (playlist_id, num)

            title = media_meta.get('caption')
            if not title:
                title = playlist_title if len(medias) == 1 else '%s - Video %s' % (playlist_title, num)

            duration = int_or_none(media_meta.get('durationInSeconds')) or parse_duration(media_meta.get('duration'))

            images = []
            for image in media_meta.get('images', {}).values():
                images.extend(image.values())
            if 'image' in media_meta:
                images.append(media_meta['image'])

            thumbnails = [{
                'url': image.get('href'),
                'width': int_or_none(image.get('width')),
                'height': int_or_none(image.get('height')),
            } for image in images]

            entries.append({
                'id': video_id,
                'title': title,
                'thumbnails': thumbnails,
                'duration': duration,
                'timestamp': timestamp,
                'formats': formats,
                'subtitles': subtitles,
            })

        return self.playlist_result(entries, playlist_id, playlist_title, playlist_description)


class BBCCoUkArticleIE(InfoExtractor):
    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?bbc\.co\.uk/programmes/articles/(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9]+)'
    IE_NAME = 'bbc.co.uk:article'
    IE_DESC = 'BBC articles'

    _TEST = {
        'url': 'http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/3jNQLTMrPlYGTBn0WV6M2MS/not-your-typical-role-model-ada-lovelace-the-19th-century-programmer',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': '3jNQLTMrPlYGTBn0WV6M2MS',
            'title': 'Calculating Ada: The Countess of Computing - Not your typical role model: Ada Lovelace the 19th century programmer - BBC Four',
            'description': 'Hannah Fry reveals some of her surprising discoveries about Ada Lovelace during filming.',
        },
        'playlist_count': 4,
        'add_ie': ['BBCCoUk'],
    }

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        playlist_id = self._match_id(url)

        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, playlist_id)

        title = self._og_search_title(webpage)
        description = self._og_search_description(webpage).strip()

        entries = [self.url_result(programme_url) for programme_url in re.findall(
            r'<div[^>]+typeof="Clip"[^>]+resource="([^"]+)"', webpage)]

        return self.playlist_result(entries, playlist_id, title, description)


class BBCCoUkPlaylistBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
    def _entries(self, webpage, url, playlist_id):
        single_page = 'page' in compat_urlparse.parse_qs(
            compat_urlparse.urlparse(url).query)
        for page_num in itertools.count(2):
            for video_id in re.findall(
                    self._VIDEO_ID_TEMPLATE % BBCCoUkIE._ID_REGEX, webpage):
                yield self.url_result(
                    self._URL_TEMPLATE % video_id, BBCCoUkIE.ie_key())
            if single_page:
                return
            next_page = self._search_regex(
                r'<li[^>]+class=(["\'])pagination_+next\1[^>]*><a[^>]+href=(["\'])(?P<url>(?:(?!\2).)+)\2',
                webpage, 'next page url', default=None, group='url')
            if not next_page:
                break
            webpage = self._download_webpage(
                compat_urlparse.urljoin(url, next_page), playlist_id,
                'Downloading page %d' % page_num, page_num)

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        playlist_id = self._match_id(url)

        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, playlist_id)

        title, description = self._extract_title_and_description(webpage)

        return self.playlist_result(
            self._entries(webpage, url, playlist_id),
            playlist_id, title, description)


class BBCCoUkIPlayerPlaylistBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
    _VALID_URL_TMPL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?bbc\.co\.uk/iplayer/%%s/(?P<id>%s)' % BBCCoUkIE._ID_REGEX

    @staticmethod
    def _get_default(episode, key, default_key='default'):
        return try_get(episode, lambda x: x[key][default_key])

    def _get_description(self, data):
        synopsis = data.get(self._DESCRIPTION_KEY) or {}
        return dict_get(synopsis, ('large', 'medium', 'small'))

    def _fetch_page(self, programme_id, per_page, series_id, page):
        elements = self._get_elements(self._call_api(
            programme_id, per_page, page + 1, series_id))
        for element in elements:
            episode = self._get_episode(element)
            episode_id = episode.get('id')
            if not episode_id:
                continue
            thumbnail = None
            image = self._get_episode_image(episode)
            if image:
                thumbnail = image.replace('{recipe}', 'raw')
            category = self._get_default(episode, 'labels', 'category')
            yield {
                '_type': 'url',
                'id': episode_id,
                'title': self._get_episode_field(episode, 'subtitle'),
                'url': 'https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/' + episode_id,
                'thumbnail': thumbnail,
                'description': self._get_description(episode),
                'categories': [category] if category else None,
                'series': self._get_episode_field(episode, 'title'),
                'ie_key': BBCCoUkIE.ie_key(),
            }

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        pid = self._match_id(url)
        qs = compat_parse_qs(compat_urllib_parse_urlparse(url).query)
        series_id = qs.get('seriesId', [None])[0]
        page = qs.get('page', [None])[0]
        per_page = 36 if page else self._PAGE_SIZE
        fetch_page = functools.partial(self._fetch_page, pid, per_page, series_id)
        entries = fetch_page(int(page) - 1) if page else OnDemandPagedList(fetch_page, self._PAGE_SIZE)
        playlist_data = self._get_playlist_data(self._call_api(pid, 1))
        return self.playlist_result(
            entries, pid, self._get_playlist_title(playlist_data),
            self._get_description(playlist_data))


class BBCCoUkIPlayerEpisodesIE(BBCCoUkIPlayerPlaylistBaseIE):
    IE_NAME = 'bbc.co.uk:iplayer:episodes'
    _VALID_URL = BBCCoUkIPlayerPlaylistBaseIE._VALID_URL_TMPL % 'episodes'
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episodes/b05rcz9v',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'b05rcz9v',
            'title': 'The Disappearance',
            'description': 'md5:58eb101aee3116bad4da05f91179c0cb',
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 8,
    }, {
        # all seasons
        'url': 'https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episodes/b094m5t9/doctor-foster',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'b094m5t9',
            'title': 'Doctor Foster',
            'description': 'md5:5aa9195fad900e8e14b52acd765a9fd6',
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 10,
    }, {
        # explicit season
        'url': 'https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episodes/b094m5t9/doctor-foster?seriesId=b094m6nv',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'b094m5t9',
            'title': 'Doctor Foster',
            'description': 'md5:5aa9195fad900e8e14b52acd765a9fd6',
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 5,
    }, {
        # all pages
        'url': 'https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episodes/m0004c4v/beechgrove',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'm0004c4v',
            'title': 'Beechgrove',
            'description': 'Gardening show that celebrates Scottish horticulture and growing conditions.',
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 37,
    }, {
        # explicit page
        'url': 'https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episodes/m0004c4v/beechgrove?page=2',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'm0004c4v',
            'title': 'Beechgrove',
            'description': 'Gardening show that celebrates Scottish horticulture and growing conditions.',
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 1,
    }]
    _PAGE_SIZE = 100
    _DESCRIPTION_KEY = 'synopsis'

    def _get_episode_image(self, episode):
        return self._get_default(episode, 'image')

    def _get_episode_field(self, episode, field):
        return self._get_default(episode, field)

    @staticmethod
    def _get_elements(data):
        return data['entities']['results']

    @staticmethod
    def _get_episode(element):
        return element.get('episode') or {}

    def _call_api(self, pid, per_page, page=1, series_id=None):
        variables = {
            'id': pid,
            'page': page,
            'perPage': per_page,
        }
        if series_id:
            variables['sliceId'] = series_id
        return self._download_json(
            'https://graph.ibl.api.bbc.co.uk/', pid, headers={
                'Content-Type': 'application/json'
            }, data=json.dumps({
                'id': '5692d93d5aac8d796a0305e895e61551',
                'variables': variables,
            }).encode('utf-8'))['data']['programme']

    @staticmethod
    def _get_playlist_data(data):
        return data

    def _get_playlist_title(self, data):
        return self._get_default(data, 'title')


class BBCCoUkIPlayerGroupIE(BBCCoUkIPlayerPlaylistBaseIE):
    IE_NAME = 'bbc.co.uk:iplayer:group'
    _VALID_URL = BBCCoUkIPlayerPlaylistBaseIE._VALID_URL_TMPL % 'group'
    _TESTS = [{
        # Available for over a year unlike 30 days for most other programmes
        'url': 'http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/group/p02tcc32',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'p02tcc32',
            'title': 'Bohemian Icons',
            'description': 'md5:683e901041b2fe9ba596f2ab04c4dbe7',
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 10,
    }, {
        # all pages
        'url': 'https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/group/p081d7j7',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'p081d7j7',
            'title': 'Music in Scotland',
            'description': 'Perfomances in Scotland and programmes featuring Scottish acts.',
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 47,
    }, {
        # explicit page
        'url': 'https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/group/p081d7j7?page=2',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'p081d7j7',
            'title': 'Music in Scotland',
            'description': 'Perfomances in Scotland and programmes featuring Scottish acts.',
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 11,
    }]
    _PAGE_SIZE = 200
    _DESCRIPTION_KEY = 'synopses'

    def _get_episode_image(self, episode):
        return self._get_default(episode, 'images', 'standard')

    def _get_episode_field(self, episode, field):
        return episode.get(field)

    @staticmethod
    def _get_elements(data):
        return data['elements']

    @staticmethod
    def _get_episode(element):
        return element

    def _call_api(self, pid, per_page, page=1, series_id=None):
        return self._download_json(
            'http://ibl.api.bbc.co.uk/ibl/v1/groups/%s/episodes' % pid,
            pid, query={
                'page': page,
                'per_page': per_page,
            })['group_episodes']

    @staticmethod
    def _get_playlist_data(data):
        return data['group']

    def _get_playlist_title(self, data):
        return data.get('title')


class BBCCoUkPlaylistIE(BBCCoUkPlaylistBaseIE):
    IE_NAME = 'bbc.co.uk:playlist'
    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?bbc\.co\.uk/programmes/(?P<id>%s)/(?:episodes|broadcasts|clips)' % BBCCoUkIE._ID_REGEX
    _URL_TEMPLATE = 'http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/%s'
    _VIDEO_ID_TEMPLATE = r'data-pid=["\'](%s)'
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b05rcz9v/clips',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'b05rcz9v',
            'title': 'The Disappearance - Clips - BBC Four',
            'description': 'French thriller serial about a missing teenager.',
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 7,
    }, {
        # multipage playlist, explicit page
        'url': 'http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00mfl7n/clips?page=1',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'b00mfl7n',
            'title': 'Frozen Planet - Clips - BBC One',
            'description': 'md5:65dcbf591ae628dafe32aa6c4a4a0d8c',
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 24,
    }, {
        # multipage playlist, all pages
        'url': 'http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00mfl7n/clips',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'b00mfl7n',
            'title': 'Frozen Planet - Clips - BBC One',
            'description': 'md5:65dcbf591ae628dafe32aa6c4a4a0d8c',
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 142,
    }, {
        'url': 'http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b05rcz9v/broadcasts/2016/06',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': 'http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b05rcz9v/clips',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': 'http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b055jkys/episodes/player',
        'only_matching': True,
    }]

    def _extract_title_and_description(self, webpage):
        title = self._og_search_title(webpage, fatal=False)
        description = self._og_search_description(webpage)
        return title, description