iotests: Use Python byte strings where appropriate

Since byte strings are no longer the default in Python 3, we have to
explicitly use them where we need to, which is mostly when working with
structures.  It also means that we need to open a file in binary mode
when we want to use structures.

On the other hand, we have to accomodate for the fact that some
functions (still) work with byte strings but we want to use unicode
strings (in Python 3 at least, and it does not matter in Python 2).
This includes base64 encoding, but it is most notable when working with
the subprocess module: Either we set universal_newlines to True so that
the default streams are opened in text mode (hence this parameter is
aliased as "text" as of 3.7), or, if that is not possible, we have to
decode the output to a normal string.

Signed-off-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eduardo Habkost <ehabkost@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20181022135307.14398-4-mreitz@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Eduardo Habkost <ehabkost@redhat.com>

6 files changed, 25 insertions, 20 deletions

diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/044 b/tests/qemu-iotests/044
index 11ea0f4d35..69e736f687 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/044
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/044
@@ -53,21 +53,21 @@ class TestRefcountTableGrowth(iotests.QMPTestCase):
             fd.seek(off_reftable)
 
             for i in xrange(0, h.refcount_table_clusters):
-                sector = ''.join(struct.pack('>Q',
+                sector = b''.join(struct.pack('>Q',
                     off_refblock + i * 64 * 512 + j * 512)
                     for j in xrange(0, 64))
                 fd.write(sector)
 
             # Write the refcount blocks
             assert(fd.tell() == off_refblock)
-            sector = ''.join(struct.pack('>H', 1) for j in xrange(0, 64 * 256))
+            sector = b''.join(struct.pack('>H', 1) for j in range(0, 64 * 256))
             for block in xrange(0, h.refcount_table_clusters):
                 fd.write(sector)
 
             # Write the L1 table
             assert(fd.tell() == off_l1)
             assert(off_l2 + 512 * h.l1_size == off_data)
-            table = ''.join(struct.pack('>Q', (1 << 63) | off_l2 + 512 * j)
+            table = b''.join(struct.pack('>Q', (1 << 63) | off_l2 + 512 * j)
                 for j in xrange(0, h.l1_size))
             fd.write(table)
 
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ class TestRefcountTableGrowth(iotests.QMPTestCase):
                 remaining = remaining - 1024 * 512
                 off = off + 1024 * 512
 
-            table = ''.join(struct.pack('>Q', (1 << 63) | off + 512 * j)
+            table = b''.join(struct.pack('>Q', (1 << 63) | off + 512 * j)
                 for j in xrange(0, remaining / 512))
             fd.write(table)
 
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/149 b/tests/qemu-iotests/149
index 9e0cad76f9..1225334cb8 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/149
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/149
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ class LUKSConfig(object):
 
     def first_password_base64(self):
         (pw, slot) = self.first_password()
-        return base64.b64encode(pw)
+        return base64.b64encode(pw.encode('ascii')).decode('ascii')
 
     def active_slots(self):
         slots = []
@@ -98,7 +98,8 @@ def verify_passwordless_sudo():
     proc = subprocess.Popen(args,
                             stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
-                            stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
+                            stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
+                            universal_newlines=True)
 
     msg = proc.communicate()[0]
 
@@ -116,7 +117,8 @@ def cryptsetup(args, password=None):
     proc = subprocess.Popen(fullargs,
                             stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
-                            stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
+                            stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
+                            universal_newlines=True)
 
     msg = proc.communicate(password)[0]
 
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/207 b/tests/qemu-iotests/207
index 444ae233ae..2d86a3da37 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/207
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/207
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ with iotests.FilePath('t.img') as disk_path, \
     md5_key = subprocess.check_output(
         'ssh-keyscan -t rsa 127.0.0.1 2>/dev/null | grep -v "\\^#" | ' +
         'cut -d" " -f3 | base64 -d | md5sum -b | cut -d" " -f1',
-        shell=True).rstrip()
+        shell=True).rstrip().decode('ascii')
 
     vm.launch()
     blockdev_create(vm, { 'driver': 'ssh',
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ with iotests.FilePath('t.img') as disk_path, \
     sha1_key = subprocess.check_output(
         'ssh-keyscan -t rsa 127.0.0.1 2>/dev/null | grep -v "\\^#" | ' +
         'cut -d" " -f3 | base64 -d | sha1sum -b | cut -d" " -f1',
-        shell=True).rstrip()
+        shell=True).rstrip().decode('ascii')
 
     vm.launch()
     blockdev_create(vm, { 'driver': 'ssh',
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/iotests.py b/tests/qemu-iotests/iotests.py
index 10f2d17419..7290c0b159 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/iotests.py
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/iotests.py
@@ -104,7 +104,8 @@ def qemu_img_pipe(*args):
     '''Run qemu-img and return its output'''
     subp = subprocess.Popen(qemu_img_args + list(args),
                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
-                            stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
+                            stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
+                            universal_newlines=True)
     exitcode = subp.wait()
     if exitcode < 0:
         sys.stderr.write('qemu-img received signal %i: %s\n' % (-exitcode, ' '.join(qemu_img_args + list(args))))
@@ -128,7 +129,8 @@ def qemu_io(*args):
     '''Run qemu-io and return the stdout data'''
     args = qemu_io_args + list(args)
     subp = subprocess.Popen(args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
-                            stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
+                            stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
+                            universal_newlines=True)
     exitcode = subp.wait()
     if exitcode < 0:
         sys.stderr.write('qemu-io received signal %i: %s\n' % (-exitcode, ' '.join(args)))
@@ -149,7 +151,8 @@ class QemuIoInteractive:
         self.args = qemu_io_args + list(args)
         self._p = subprocess.Popen(self.args, stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
                                    stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
-                                   stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
+                                   stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
+                                   universal_newlines=True)
         assert self._p.stdout.read(9) == 'qemu-io> '
 
     def close(self):
@@ -193,7 +196,7 @@ def compare_images(img1, img2, fmt1=imgfmt, fmt2=imgfmt):
 
 def create_image(name, size):
     '''Create a fully-allocated raw image with sector markers'''
-    file = open(name, 'w')
+    file = open(name, 'wb')
     i = 0
     while i < size:
         sector = struct.pack('>l504xl', i / 512, i / 512)
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/nbd-fault-injector.py b/tests/qemu-iotests/nbd-fault-injector.py
index 439a090eb6..d45e2e0a6a 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/nbd-fault-injector.py
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/nbd-fault-injector.py
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ def recvall(sock, bufsize):
             raise Exception('unexpected disconnect')
         chunks.append(chunk)
         received += len(chunk)
-    return ''.join(chunks)
+    return b''.join(chunks)
 
 class Rule(object):
     def __init__(self, name, event, io, when):
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ def handle_connection(conn, use_export):
         req = read_request(conn)
         if req.type == NBD_CMD_READ:
             write_reply(conn, 0, req.handle)
-            conn.send('\0' * req.len, event='data')
+            conn.send(b'\0' * req.len, event='data')
         elif req.type == NBD_CMD_WRITE:
             _ = conn.recv(req.len, event='data')
             write_reply(conn, 0, req.handle)
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/qcow2.py b/tests/qemu-iotests/qcow2.py
index b95a837759..b392972d1b 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/qcow2.py
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/qcow2.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ class QcowHeaderExtension:
     def __init__(self, magic, length, data):
         if length % 8 != 0:
             padding = 8 - (length % 8)
-            data += "\0" * padding
+            data += b"\0" * padding
 
         self.magic  = magic
         self.length = length
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ class QcowHeader:
 
         fd.seek(self.header_length)
         extensions = self.extensions
-        extensions.append(QcowHeaderExtension(0, 0, ""))
+        extensions.append(QcowHeaderExtension(0, 0, b""))
         for ex in extensions:
             buf = struct.pack('>II', ex.magic, ex.length)
             fd.write(buf)
@@ -137,8 +137,8 @@ class QcowHeader:
         for ex in self.extensions:
 
             data = ex.data[:ex.length]
-            if all(c in string.printable for c in data):
-                data = "'%s'" % data
+            if all(c in string.printable.encode('ascii') for c in data):
+                data = "'%s'" % data.decode('ascii')
             else:
                 data = "<binary>"
 
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ def cmd_add_header_ext(fd, magic, data):
         sys.exit(1)
 
     h = QcowHeader(fd)
-    h.extensions.append(QcowHeaderExtension.create(magic, data))
+    h.extensions.append(QcowHeaderExtension.create(magic, data.encode('ascii')))
     h.update(fd)
 
 def cmd_add_header_ext_stdio(fd, magic):