aboutsummaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/src/wallet/walletdb.cpp
blob: 3ba43cdb73edc102a767af49509a7fb6bf8984ab (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
// Copyright (c) 2009-2010 Satoshi Nakamoto
// Copyright (c) 2009-2022 The Bitcoin Core developers
// Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
// file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.

#include <config/bitcoin-config.h> // IWYU pragma: keep

#include <wallet/walletdb.h>

#include <common/system.h>
#include <key_io.h>
#include <protocol.h>
#include <script/script.h>
#include <serialize.h>
#include <sync.h>
#include <util/bip32.h>
#include <util/check.h>
#include <util/fs.h>
#include <util/time.h>
#include <util/translation.h>
#ifdef USE_BDB
#include <wallet/bdb.h>
#endif
#ifdef USE_SQLITE
#include <wallet/sqlite.h>
#endif
#include <wallet/wallet.h>

#include <atomic>
#include <optional>
#include <string>

namespace wallet {
namespace DBKeys {
const std::string ACENTRY{"acentry"};
const std::string ACTIVEEXTERNALSPK{"activeexternalspk"};
const std::string ACTIVEINTERNALSPK{"activeinternalspk"};
const std::string BESTBLOCK_NOMERKLE{"bestblock_nomerkle"};
const std::string BESTBLOCK{"bestblock"};
const std::string CRYPTED_KEY{"ckey"};
const std::string CSCRIPT{"cscript"};
const std::string DEFAULTKEY{"defaultkey"};
const std::string DESTDATA{"destdata"};
const std::string FLAGS{"flags"};
const std::string HDCHAIN{"hdchain"};
const std::string KEYMETA{"keymeta"};
const std::string KEY{"key"};
const std::string LOCKED_UTXO{"lockedutxo"};
const std::string MASTER_KEY{"mkey"};
const std::string MINVERSION{"minversion"};
const std::string NAME{"name"};
const std::string OLD_KEY{"wkey"};
const std::string ORDERPOSNEXT{"orderposnext"};
const std::string POOL{"pool"};
const std::string PURPOSE{"purpose"};
const std::string SETTINGS{"settings"};
const std::string TX{"tx"};
const std::string VERSION{"version"};
const std::string WALLETDESCRIPTOR{"walletdescriptor"};
const std::string WALLETDESCRIPTORCACHE{"walletdescriptorcache"};
const std::string WALLETDESCRIPTORLHCACHE{"walletdescriptorlhcache"};
const std::string WALLETDESCRIPTORCKEY{"walletdescriptorckey"};
const std::string WALLETDESCRIPTORKEY{"walletdescriptorkey"};
const std::string WATCHMETA{"watchmeta"};
const std::string WATCHS{"watchs"};
const std::unordered_set<std::string> LEGACY_TYPES{CRYPTED_KEY, CSCRIPT, DEFAULTKEY, HDCHAIN, KEYMETA, KEY, OLD_KEY, POOL, WATCHMETA, WATCHS};
} // namespace DBKeys

//
// WalletBatch
//

bool WalletBatch::WriteName(const std::string& strAddress, const std::string& strName)
{
    return WriteIC(std::make_pair(DBKeys::NAME, strAddress), strName);
}

bool WalletBatch::EraseName(const std::string& strAddress)
{
    // This should only be used for sending addresses, never for receiving addresses,
    // receiving addresses must always have an address book entry if they're not change return.
    return EraseIC(std::make_pair(DBKeys::NAME, strAddress));
}

bool WalletBatch::WritePurpose(const std::string& strAddress, const std::string& strPurpose)
{
    return WriteIC(std::make_pair(DBKeys::PURPOSE, strAddress), strPurpose);
}

bool WalletBatch::ErasePurpose(const std::string& strAddress)
{
    return EraseIC(std::make_pair(DBKeys::PURPOSE, strAddress));
}

bool WalletBatch::WriteTx(const CWalletTx& wtx)
{
    return WriteIC(std::make_pair(DBKeys::TX, wtx.GetHash()), wtx);
}

bool WalletBatch::EraseTx(uint256 hash)
{
    return EraseIC(std::make_pair(DBKeys::TX, hash));
}

bool WalletBatch::WriteKeyMetadata(const CKeyMetadata& meta, const CPubKey& pubkey, const bool overwrite)
{
    return WriteIC(std::make_pair(DBKeys::KEYMETA, pubkey), meta, overwrite);
}

bool WalletBatch::WriteKey(const CPubKey& vchPubKey, const CPrivKey& vchPrivKey, const CKeyMetadata& keyMeta)
{
    if (!WriteKeyMetadata(keyMeta, vchPubKey, false)) {
        return false;
    }

    // hash pubkey/privkey to accelerate wallet load
    std::vector<unsigned char> vchKey;
    vchKey.reserve(vchPubKey.size() + vchPrivKey.size());
    vchKey.insert(vchKey.end(), vchPubKey.begin(), vchPubKey.end());
    vchKey.insert(vchKey.end(), vchPrivKey.begin(), vchPrivKey.end());

    return WriteIC(std::make_pair(DBKeys::KEY, vchPubKey), std::make_pair(vchPrivKey, Hash(vchKey)), false);
}

bool WalletBatch::WriteCryptedKey(const CPubKey& vchPubKey,
                                const std::vector<unsigned char>& vchCryptedSecret,
                                const CKeyMetadata &keyMeta)
{
    if (!WriteKeyMetadata(keyMeta, vchPubKey, true)) {
        return false;
    }

    // Compute a checksum of the encrypted key
    uint256 checksum = Hash(vchCryptedSecret);

    const auto key = std::make_pair(DBKeys::CRYPTED_KEY, vchPubKey);
    if (!WriteIC(key, std::make_pair(vchCryptedSecret, checksum), false)) {
        // It may already exist, so try writing just the checksum
        std::vector<unsigned char> val;
        if (!m_batch->Read(key, val)) {
            return false;
        }
        if (!WriteIC(key, std::make_pair(val, checksum), true)) {
            return false;
        }
    }
    EraseIC(std::make_pair(DBKeys::KEY, vchPubKey));
    return true;
}

bool WalletBatch::WriteMasterKey(unsigned int nID, const CMasterKey& kMasterKey)
{
    return WriteIC(std::make_pair(DBKeys::MASTER_KEY, nID), kMasterKey, true);
}

bool WalletBatch::WriteCScript(const uint160& hash, const CScript& redeemScript)
{
    return WriteIC(std::make_pair(DBKeys::CSCRIPT, hash), redeemScript, false);
}

bool WalletBatch::WriteWatchOnly(const CScript &dest, const CKeyMetadata& keyMeta)
{
    if (!WriteIC(std::make_pair(DBKeys::WATCHMETA, dest), keyMeta)) {
        return false;
    }
    return WriteIC(std::make_pair(DBKeys::WATCHS, dest), uint8_t{'1'});
}

bool WalletBatch::EraseWatchOnly(const CScript &dest)
{
    if (!EraseIC(std::make_pair(DBKeys::WATCHMETA, dest))) {
        return false;
    }
    return EraseIC(std::make_pair(DBKeys::WATCHS, dest));
}

bool WalletBatch::WriteBestBlock(const CBlockLocator& locator)
{
    WriteIC(DBKeys::BESTBLOCK, CBlockLocator()); // Write empty block locator so versions that require a merkle branch automatically rescan
    return WriteIC(DBKeys::BESTBLOCK_NOMERKLE, locator);
}

bool WalletBatch::ReadBestBlock(CBlockLocator& locator)
{
    if (m_batch->Read(DBKeys::BESTBLOCK, locator) && !locator.vHave.empty()) return true;
    return m_batch->Read(DBKeys::BESTBLOCK_NOMERKLE, locator);
}

bool WalletBatch::WriteOrderPosNext(int64_t nOrderPosNext)
{
    return WriteIC(DBKeys::ORDERPOSNEXT, nOrderPosNext);
}

bool WalletBatch::ReadPool(int64_t nPool, CKeyPool& keypool)
{
    return m_batch->Read(std::make_pair(DBKeys::POOL, nPool), keypool);
}

bool WalletBatch::WritePool(int64_t nPool, const CKeyPool& keypool)
{
    return WriteIC(std::make_pair(DBKeys::POOL, nPool), keypool);
}

bool WalletBatch::ErasePool(int64_t nPool)
{
    return EraseIC(std::make_pair(DBKeys::POOL, nPool));
}

bool WalletBatch::WriteMinVersion(int nVersion)
{
    return WriteIC(DBKeys::MINVERSION, nVersion);
}

bool WalletBatch::WriteActiveScriptPubKeyMan(uint8_t type, const uint256& id, bool internal)
{
    std::string key = internal ? DBKeys::ACTIVEINTERNALSPK : DBKeys::ACTIVEEXTERNALSPK;
    return WriteIC(make_pair(key, type), id);
}

bool WalletBatch::EraseActiveScriptPubKeyMan(uint8_t type, bool internal)
{
    const std::string key{internal ? DBKeys::ACTIVEINTERNALSPK : DBKeys::ACTIVEEXTERNALSPK};
    return EraseIC(make_pair(key, type));
}

bool WalletBatch::WriteDescriptorKey(const uint256& desc_id, const CPubKey& pubkey, const CPrivKey& privkey)
{
    // hash pubkey/privkey to accelerate wallet load
    std::vector<unsigned char> key;
    key.reserve(pubkey.size() + privkey.size());
    key.insert(key.end(), pubkey.begin(), pubkey.end());
    key.insert(key.end(), privkey.begin(), privkey.end());

    return WriteIC(std::make_pair(DBKeys::WALLETDESCRIPTORKEY, std::make_pair(desc_id, pubkey)), std::make_pair(privkey, Hash(key)), false);
}

bool WalletBatch::WriteCryptedDescriptorKey(const uint256& desc_id, const CPubKey& pubkey, const std::vector<unsigned char>& secret)
{
    if (!WriteIC(std::make_pair(DBKeys::WALLETDESCRIPTORCKEY, std::make_pair(desc_id, pubkey)), secret, false)) {
        return false;
    }
    EraseIC(std::make_pair(DBKeys::WALLETDESCRIPTORKEY, std::make_pair(desc_id, pubkey)));
    return true;
}

bool WalletBatch::WriteDescriptor(const uint256& desc_id, const WalletDescriptor& descriptor)
{
    return WriteIC(make_pair(DBKeys::WALLETDESCRIPTOR, desc_id), descriptor);
}

bool WalletBatch::WriteDescriptorDerivedCache(const CExtPubKey& xpub, const uint256& desc_id, uint32_t key_exp_index, uint32_t der_index)
{
    std::vector<unsigned char> ser_xpub(BIP32_EXTKEY_SIZE);
    xpub.Encode(ser_xpub.data());
    return WriteIC(std::make_pair(std::make_pair(DBKeys::WALLETDESCRIPTORCACHE, desc_id), std::make_pair(key_exp_index, der_index)), ser_xpub);
}

bool WalletBatch::WriteDescriptorParentCache(const CExtPubKey& xpub, const uint256& desc_id, uint32_t key_exp_index)
{
    std::vector<unsigned char> ser_xpub(BIP32_EXTKEY_SIZE);
    xpub.Encode(ser_xpub.data());
    return WriteIC(std::make_pair(std::make_pair(DBKeys::WALLETDESCRIPTORCACHE, desc_id), key_exp_index), ser_xpub);
}

bool WalletBatch::WriteDescriptorLastHardenedCache(const CExtPubKey& xpub, const uint256& desc_id, uint32_t key_exp_index)
{
    std::vector<unsigned char> ser_xpub(BIP32_EXTKEY_SIZE);
    xpub.Encode(ser_xpub.data());
    return WriteIC(std::make_pair(std::make_pair(DBKeys::WALLETDESCRIPTORLHCACHE, desc_id), key_exp_index), ser_xpub);
}

bool WalletBatch::WriteDescriptorCacheItems(const uint256& desc_id, const DescriptorCache& cache)
{
    for (const auto& parent_xpub_pair : cache.GetCachedParentExtPubKeys()) {
        if (!WriteDescriptorParentCache(parent_xpub_pair.second, desc_id, parent_xpub_pair.first)) {
            return false;
        }
    }
    for (const auto& derived_xpub_map_pair : cache.GetCachedDerivedExtPubKeys()) {
        for (const auto& derived_xpub_pair : derived_xpub_map_pair.second) {
            if (!WriteDescriptorDerivedCache(derived_xpub_pair.second, desc_id, derived_xpub_map_pair.first, derived_xpub_pair.first)) {
                return false;
            }
        }
    }
    for (const auto& lh_xpub_pair : cache.GetCachedLastHardenedExtPubKeys()) {
        if (!WriteDescriptorLastHardenedCache(lh_xpub_pair.second, desc_id, lh_xpub_pair.first)) {
            return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
}

bool WalletBatch::WriteLockedUTXO(const COutPoint& output)
{
    return WriteIC(std::make_pair(DBKeys::LOCKED_UTXO, std::make_pair(output.hash, output.n)), uint8_t{'1'});
}

bool WalletBatch::EraseLockedUTXO(const COutPoint& output)
{
    return EraseIC(std::make_pair(DBKeys::LOCKED_UTXO, std::make_pair(output.hash, output.n)));
}

bool LoadKey(CWallet* pwallet, DataStream& ssKey, DataStream& ssValue, std::string& strErr)
{
    LOCK(pwallet->cs_wallet);
    try {
        CPubKey vchPubKey;
        ssKey >> vchPubKey;
        if (!vchPubKey.IsValid())
        {
            strErr = "Error reading wallet database: CPubKey corrupt";
            return false;
        }
        CKey key;
        CPrivKey pkey;
        uint256 hash;

        ssValue >> pkey;

        // Old wallets store keys as DBKeys::KEY [pubkey] => [privkey]
        // ... which was slow for wallets with lots of keys, because the public key is re-derived from the private key
        // using EC operations as a checksum.
        // Newer wallets store keys as DBKeys::KEY [pubkey] => [privkey][hash(pubkey,privkey)], which is much faster while
        // remaining backwards-compatible.
        try
        {
            ssValue >> hash;
        }
        catch (const std::ios_base::failure&) {}

        bool fSkipCheck = false;

        if (!hash.IsNull())
        {
            // hash pubkey/privkey to accelerate wallet load
            std::vector<unsigned char> vchKey;
            vchKey.reserve(vchPubKey.size() + pkey.size());
            vchKey.insert(vchKey.end(), vchPubKey.begin(), vchPubKey.end());
            vchKey.insert(vchKey.end(), pkey.begin(), pkey.end());

            if (Hash(vchKey) != hash)
            {
                strErr = "Error reading wallet database: CPubKey/CPrivKey corrupt";
                return false;
            }

            fSkipCheck = true;
        }

        if (!key.Load(pkey, vchPubKey, fSkipCheck))
        {
            strErr = "Error reading wallet database: CPrivKey corrupt";
            return false;
        }
        if (!pwallet->GetOrCreateLegacyScriptPubKeyMan()->LoadKey(key, vchPubKey))
        {
            strErr = "Error reading wallet database: LegacyScriptPubKeyMan::LoadKey failed";
            return false;
        }
    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
        if (strErr.empty()) {
            strErr = e.what();
        }
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

bool LoadCryptedKey(CWallet* pwallet, DataStream& ssKey, DataStream& ssValue, std::string& strErr)
{
    LOCK(pwallet->cs_wallet);
    try {
        CPubKey vchPubKey;
        ssKey >> vchPubKey;
        if (!vchPubKey.IsValid())
        {
            strErr = "Error reading wallet database: CPubKey corrupt";
            return false;
        }
        std::vector<unsigned char> vchPrivKey;
        ssValue >> vchPrivKey;

        // Get the checksum and check it
        bool checksum_valid = false;
        if (!ssValue.eof()) {
            uint256 checksum;
            ssValue >> checksum;
            if (!(checksum_valid = Hash(vchPrivKey) == checksum)) {
                strErr = "Error reading wallet database: Encrypted key corrupt";
                return false;
            }
        }

        if (!pwallet->GetOrCreateLegacyScriptPubKeyMan()->LoadCryptedKey(vchPubKey, vchPrivKey, checksum_valid))
        {
            strErr = "Error reading wallet database: LegacyScriptPubKeyMan::LoadCryptedKey failed";
            return false;
        }
    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
        if (strErr.empty()) {
            strErr = e.what();
        }
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

bool LoadEncryptionKey(CWallet* pwallet, DataStream& ssKey, DataStream& ssValue, std::string& strErr)
{
    LOCK(pwallet->cs_wallet);
    try {
        // Master encryption key is loaded into only the wallet and not any of the ScriptPubKeyMans.
        unsigned int nID;
        ssKey >> nID;
        CMasterKey kMasterKey;
        ssValue >> kMasterKey;
        if(pwallet->mapMasterKeys.count(nID) != 0)
        {
            strErr = strprintf("Error reading wallet database: duplicate CMasterKey id %u", nID);
            return false;
        }
        pwallet->mapMasterKeys[nID] = kMasterKey;
        if (pwallet->nMasterKeyMaxID < nID)
            pwallet->nMasterKeyMaxID = nID;

    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
        if (strErr.empty()) {
            strErr = e.what();
        }
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

bool LoadHDChain(CWallet* pwallet, DataStream& ssValue, std::string& strErr)
{
    LOCK(pwallet->cs_wallet);
    try {
        CHDChain chain;
        ssValue >> chain;
        pwallet->GetOrCreateLegacyScriptPubKeyMan()->LoadHDChain(chain);
    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
        if (strErr.empty()) {
            strErr = e.what();
        }
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

static DBErrors LoadMinVersion(CWallet* pwallet, DatabaseBatch& batch) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(pwallet->cs_wallet)
{
    AssertLockHeld(pwallet->cs_wallet);
    int nMinVersion = 0;
    if (batch.Read(DBKeys::MINVERSION, nMinVersion)) {
        if (nMinVersion > FEATURE_LATEST)
            return DBErrors::TOO_NEW;
        pwallet->LoadMinVersion(nMinVersion);
    }
    return DBErrors::LOAD_OK;
}

static DBErrors LoadWalletFlags(CWallet* pwallet, DatabaseBatch& batch) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(pwallet->cs_wallet)
{
    AssertLockHeld(pwallet->cs_wallet);
    uint64_t flags;
    if (batch.Read(DBKeys::FLAGS, flags)) {
        if (!pwallet->LoadWalletFlags(flags)) {
            pwallet->WalletLogPrintf("Error reading wallet database: Unknown non-tolerable wallet flags found\n");
            return DBErrors::TOO_NEW;
        }
    }
    return DBErrors::LOAD_OK;
}

struct LoadResult
{
    DBErrors m_result{DBErrors::LOAD_OK};
    int m_records{0};
};

using LoadFunc = std::function<DBErrors(CWallet* pwallet, DataStream& key, DataStream& value, std::string& err)>;
static LoadResult LoadRecords(CWallet* pwallet, DatabaseBatch& batch, const std::string& key, DataStream& prefix, LoadFunc load_func)
{
    LoadResult result;
    DataStream ssKey;
    DataStream ssValue{};

    Assume(!prefix.empty());
    std::unique_ptr<DatabaseCursor> cursor = batch.GetNewPrefixCursor(prefix);
    if (!cursor) {
        pwallet->WalletLogPrintf("Error getting database cursor for '%s' records\n", key);
        result.m_result = DBErrors::CORRUPT;
        return result;
    }

    while (true) {
        DatabaseCursor::Status status = cursor->Next(ssKey, ssValue);
        if (status == DatabaseCursor::Status::DONE) {
            break;
        } else if (status == DatabaseCursor::Status::FAIL) {
            pwallet->WalletLogPrintf("Error reading next '%s' record for wallet database\n", key);
            result.m_result = DBErrors::CORRUPT;
            return result;
        }
        std::string type;
        ssKey >> type;
        assert(type == key);
        std::string error;
        DBErrors record_res = load_func(pwallet, ssKey, ssValue, error);
        if (record_res != DBErrors::LOAD_OK) {
            pwallet->WalletLogPrintf("%s\n", error);
        }
        result.m_result = std::max(result.m_result, record_res);
        ++result.m_records;
    }
    return result;
}

static LoadResult LoadRecords(CWallet* pwallet, DatabaseBatch& batch, const std::string& key, LoadFunc load_func)
{
    DataStream prefix;
    prefix << key;
    return LoadRecords(pwallet, batch, key, prefix, load_func);
}

static DBErrors LoadLegacyWalletRecords(CWallet* pwallet, DatabaseBatch& batch, int last_client) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(pwallet->cs_wallet)
{
    AssertLockHeld(pwallet->cs_wallet);
    DBErrors result = DBErrors::LOAD_OK;

    // Make sure descriptor wallets don't have any legacy records
    if (pwallet->IsWalletFlagSet(WALLET_FLAG_DESCRIPTORS)) {
        for (const auto& type : DBKeys::LEGACY_TYPES) {
            DataStream key;
            DataStream value{};

            DataStream prefix;
            prefix << type;
            std::unique_ptr<DatabaseCursor> cursor = batch.GetNewPrefixCursor(prefix);
            if (!cursor) {
                pwallet->WalletLogPrintf("Error getting database cursor for '%s' records\n", type);
                return DBErrors::CORRUPT;
            }

            DatabaseCursor::Status status = cursor->Next(key, value);
            if (status != DatabaseCursor::Status::DONE) {
                pwallet->WalletLogPrintf("Error: Unexpected legacy entry found in descriptor wallet %s. The wallet might have been tampered with or created with malicious intent.\n", pwallet->GetName());
                return DBErrors::UNEXPECTED_LEGACY_ENTRY;
            }
        }

        return DBErrors::LOAD_OK;
    }

    // Load HD Chain
    // Note: There should only be one HDCHAIN record with no data following the type
    LoadResult hd_chain_res = LoadRecords(pwallet, batch, DBKeys::HDCHAIN,
        [] (CWallet* pwallet, DataStream& key, DataStream& value, std::string& err) {
        return LoadHDChain(pwallet, value, err) ? DBErrors:: LOAD_OK : DBErrors::CORRUPT;
    });
    result = std::max(result, hd_chain_res.m_result);

    // Load unencrypted keys
    LoadResult key_res = LoadRecords(pwallet, batch, DBKeys::KEY,
        [] (CWallet* pwallet, DataStream& key, DataStream& value, std::string& err) {
        return LoadKey(pwallet, key, value, err) ? DBErrors::LOAD_OK : DBErrors::CORRUPT;
    });
    result = std::max(result, key_res.m_result);

    // Load encrypted keys
    LoadResult ckey_res = LoadRecords(pwallet, batch, DBKeys::CRYPTED_KEY,
        [] (CWallet* pwallet, DataStream& key, DataStream& value, std::string& err) {
        return LoadCryptedKey(pwallet, key, value, err) ? DBErrors::LOAD_OK : DBErrors::CORRUPT;
    });
    result = std::max(result, ckey_res.m_result);

    // Load scripts
    LoadResult script_res = LoadRecords(pwallet, batch, DBKeys::CSCRIPT,
        [] (CWallet* pwallet, DataStream& key, DataStream& value, std::string& strErr) {
        uint160 hash;
        key >> hash;
        CScript script;
        value >> script;
        if (!pwallet->GetOrCreateLegacyScriptPubKeyMan()->LoadCScript(script))
        {
            strErr = "Error reading wallet database: LegacyScriptPubKeyMan::LoadCScript failed";
            return DBErrors::NONCRITICAL_ERROR;
        }
        return DBErrors::LOAD_OK;
    });
    result = std::max(result, script_res.m_result);

    // Check whether rewrite is needed
    if (ckey_res.m_records > 0) {
        // Rewrite encrypted wallets of versions 0.4.0 and 0.5.0rc:
        if (last_client == 40000 || last_client == 50000) result = std::max(result, DBErrors::NEED_REWRITE);
    }

    // Load keymeta
    std::map<uint160, CHDChain> hd_chains;
    LoadResult keymeta_res = LoadRecords(pwallet, batch, DBKeys::KEYMETA,
        [&hd_chains] (CWallet* pwallet, DataStream& key, DataStream& value, std::string& strErr) {
        CPubKey vchPubKey;
        key >> vchPubKey;
        CKeyMetadata keyMeta;
        value >> keyMeta;
        pwallet->GetOrCreateLegacyScriptPubKeyMan()->LoadKeyMetadata(vchPubKey.GetID(), keyMeta);

        // Extract some CHDChain info from this metadata if it has any
        if (keyMeta.nVersion >= CKeyMetadata::VERSION_WITH_HDDATA && !keyMeta.hd_seed_id.IsNull() && keyMeta.hdKeypath.size() > 0) {
            // Get the path from the key origin or from the path string
            // Not applicable when path is "s" or "m" as those indicate a seed
            // See https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/12924
            bool internal = false;
            uint32_t index = 0;
            if (keyMeta.hdKeypath != "s" && keyMeta.hdKeypath != "m") {
                std::vector<uint32_t> path;
                if (keyMeta.has_key_origin) {
                    // We have a key origin, so pull it from its path vector
                    path = keyMeta.key_origin.path;
                } else {
                    // No key origin, have to parse the string
                    if (!ParseHDKeypath(keyMeta.hdKeypath, path)) {
                        strErr = "Error reading wallet database: keymeta with invalid HD keypath";
                        return DBErrors::NONCRITICAL_ERROR;
                    }
                }

                // Extract the index and internal from the path
                // Path string is m/0'/k'/i'
                // Path vector is [0', k', i'] (but as ints OR'd with the hardened bit
                // k == 0 for external, 1 for internal. i is the index
                if (path.size() != 3) {
                    strErr = "Error reading wallet database: keymeta found with unexpected path";
                    return DBErrors::NONCRITICAL_ERROR;
                }
                if (path[0] != 0x80000000) {
                    strErr = strprintf("Unexpected path index of 0x%08x (expected 0x80000000) for the element at index 0", path[0]);
                    return DBErrors::NONCRITICAL_ERROR;
                }
                if (path[1] != 0x80000000 && path[1] != (1 | 0x80000000)) {
                    strErr = strprintf("Unexpected path index of 0x%08x (expected 0x80000000 or 0x80000001) for the element at index 1", path[1]);
                    return DBErrors::NONCRITICAL_ERROR;
                }
                if ((path[2] & 0x80000000) == 0) {
                    strErr = strprintf("Unexpected path index of 0x%08x (expected to be greater than or equal to 0x80000000)", path[2]);
                    return DBErrors::NONCRITICAL_ERROR;
                }
                internal = path[1] == (1 | 0x80000000);
                index = path[2] & ~0x80000000;
            }

            // Insert a new CHDChain, or get the one that already exists
            auto [ins, inserted] = hd_chains.emplace(keyMeta.hd_seed_id, CHDChain());
            CHDChain& chain = ins->second;
            if (inserted) {
                // For new chains, we want to default to VERSION_HD_BASE until we see an internal
                chain.nVersion = CHDChain::VERSION_HD_BASE;
                chain.seed_id = keyMeta.hd_seed_id;
            }
            if (internal) {
                chain.nVersion = CHDChain::VERSION_HD_CHAIN_SPLIT;
                chain.nInternalChainCounter = std::max(chain.nInternalChainCounter, index + 1);
            } else {
                chain.nExternalChainCounter = std::max(chain.nExternalChainCounter, index + 1);
            }
        }
        return DBErrors::LOAD_OK;
    });
    result = std::max(result, keymeta_res.m_result);

    // Set inactive chains
    if (!hd_chains.empty()) {
        LegacyScriptPubKeyMan* legacy_spkm = pwallet->GetLegacyScriptPubKeyMan();
        if (legacy_spkm) {
            for (const auto& [hd_seed_id, chain] : hd_chains) {
                if (hd_seed_id != legacy_spkm->GetHDChain().seed_id) {
                    legacy_spkm->AddInactiveHDChain(chain);
                }
            }
        } else {
            pwallet->WalletLogPrintf("Inactive HD Chains found but no Legacy ScriptPubKeyMan\n");
            result = DBErrors::CORRUPT;
        }
    }

    // Load watchonly scripts
    LoadResult watch_script_res = LoadRecords(pwallet, batch, DBKeys::WATCHS,
        [] (CWallet* pwallet, DataStream& key, DataStream& value, std::string& err) {
        CScript script;
        key >> script;
        uint8_t fYes;
        value >> fYes;
        if (fYes == '1') {
            pwallet->GetOrCreateLegacyScriptPubKeyMan()->LoadWatchOnly(script);
        }
        return DBErrors::LOAD_OK;
    });
    result = std::max(result, watch_script_res.m_result);

    // Load watchonly meta
    LoadResult watch_meta_res = LoadRecords(pwallet, batch, DBKeys::WATCHMETA,
        [] (CWallet* pwallet, DataStream& key, DataStream& value, std::string& err) {
        CScript script;
        key >> script;
        CKeyMetadata keyMeta;
        value >> keyMeta;
        pwallet->GetOrCreateLegacyScriptPubKeyMan()->LoadScriptMetadata(CScriptID(script), keyMeta);
        return DBErrors::LOAD_OK;
    });
    result = std::max(result, watch_meta_res.m_result);

    // Load keypool
    LoadResult pool_res = LoadRecords(pwallet, batch, DBKeys::POOL,
        [] (CWallet* pwallet, DataStream& key, DataStream& value, std::string& err) {
        int64_t nIndex;
        key >> nIndex;
        CKeyPool keypool;
        value >> keypool;
        pwallet->GetOrCreateLegacyScriptPubKeyMan()->LoadKeyPool(nIndex, keypool);
        return DBErrors::LOAD_OK;
    });
    result = std::max(result, pool_res.m_result);

    // Deal with old "wkey" and "defaultkey" records.
    // These are not actually loaded, but we need to check for them

    // We don't want or need the default key, but if there is one set,
    // we want to make sure that it is valid so that we can detect corruption
    // Note: There should only be one DEFAULTKEY with nothing trailing the type
    LoadResult default_key_res = LoadRecords(pwallet, batch, DBKeys::DEFAULTKEY,
        [] (CWallet* pwallet, DataStream& key, DataStream& value, std::string& err) {
        CPubKey default_pubkey;
        try {
            value >> default_pubkey;
        } catch (const std::exception& e) {
            err = e.what();
            return DBErrors::CORRUPT;
        }
        if (!default_pubkey.IsValid()) {
            err = "Error reading wallet database: Default Key corrupt";
            return DBErrors::CORRUPT;
        }
        return DBErrors::LOAD_OK;
    });
    result = std::max(result, default_key_res.m_result);

    // "wkey" records are unsupported, if we see any, throw an error
    LoadResult wkey_res = LoadRecords(pwallet, batch, DBKeys::OLD_KEY,
        [] (CWallet* pwallet, DataStream& key, DataStream& value, std::string& err) {
        err = "Found unsupported 'wkey' record, try loading with version 0.18";
        return DBErrors::LOAD_FAIL;
    });
    result = std::max(result, wkey_res.m_result);

    if (result <= DBErrors::NONCRITICAL_ERROR) {
        // Only do logging and time first key update if there were no critical errors
        pwallet->WalletLogPrintf("Legacy Wallet Keys: %u plaintext, %u encrypted, %u w/ metadata, %u total.\n",
               key_res.m_records, ckey_res.m_records, keymeta_res.m_records, key_res.m_records + ckey_res.m_records);

        // nTimeFirstKey is only reliable if all keys have metadata
        if (pwallet->IsLegacy() && (key_res.m_records + ckey_res.m_records + watch_script_res.m_records) != (keymeta_res.m_records + watch_meta_res.m_records)) {
            auto spk_man = pwallet->GetOrCreateLegacyScriptPubKeyMan();
            if (spk_man) {
                LOCK(spk_man->cs_KeyStore);
                spk_man->UpdateTimeFirstKey(1);
            }
        }
    }

    return result;
}

template<typename... Args>
static DataStream PrefixStream(const Args&... args)
{
    DataStream prefix;
    SerializeMany(prefix, args...);
    return prefix;
}

static DBErrors LoadDescriptorWalletRecords(CWallet* pwallet, DatabaseBatch& batch, int last_client) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(pwallet->cs_wallet)
{
    AssertLockHeld(pwallet->cs_wallet);

    // Load descriptor record
    int num_keys = 0;
    int num_ckeys= 0;
    LoadResult desc_res = LoadRecords(pwallet, batch, DBKeys::WALLETDESCRIPTOR,
        [&batch, &num_keys, &num_ckeys, &last_client] (CWallet* pwallet, DataStream& key, DataStream& value, std::string& strErr) {
        DBErrors result = DBErrors::LOAD_OK;

        uint256 id;
        key >> id;
        WalletDescriptor desc;
        try {
            value >> desc;
        } catch (const std::ios_base::failure& e) {
            strErr = strprintf("Error: Unrecognized descriptor found in wallet %s. ", pwallet->GetName());
            strErr += (last_client > CLIENT_VERSION) ? "The wallet might had been created on a newer version. " :
                    "The database might be corrupted or the software version is not compatible with one of your wallet descriptors. ";
            strErr += "Please try running the latest software version";
            // Also include error details
            strErr = strprintf("%s\nDetails: %s", strErr, e.what());
            return DBErrors::UNKNOWN_DESCRIPTOR;
        }
        DescriptorScriptPubKeyMan& spkm = pwallet->LoadDescriptorScriptPubKeyMan(id, desc);

        // Prior to doing anything with this spkm, verify ID compatibility
        if (id != spkm.GetID()) {
            strErr = "The descriptor ID calculated by the wallet differs from the one in DB";
            return DBErrors::CORRUPT;
        }

        DescriptorCache cache;

        // Get key cache for this descriptor
        DataStream prefix = PrefixStream(DBKeys::WALLETDESCRIPTORCACHE, id);
        LoadResult key_cache_res = LoadRecords(pwallet, batch, DBKeys::WALLETDESCRIPTORCACHE, prefix,
            [&id, &cache] (CWallet* pwallet, DataStream& key, DataStream& value, std::string& err) {
            bool parent = true;
            uint256 desc_id;
            uint32_t key_exp_index;
            uint32_t der_index;
            key >> desc_id;
            assert(desc_id == id);
            key >> key_exp_index;

            // if the der_index exists, it's a derived xpub
            try
            {
                key >> der_index;
                parent = false;
            }
            catch (...) {}

            std::vector<unsigned char> ser_xpub(BIP32_EXTKEY_SIZE);
            value >> ser_xpub;
            CExtPubKey xpub;
            xpub.Decode(ser_xpub.data());
            if (parent) {
                cache.CacheParentExtPubKey(key_exp_index, xpub);
            } else {
                cache.CacheDerivedExtPubKey(key_exp_index, der_index, xpub);
            }
            return DBErrors::LOAD_OK;
        });
        result = std::max(result, key_cache_res.m_result);

        // Get last hardened cache for this descriptor
        prefix = PrefixStream(DBKeys::WALLETDESCRIPTORLHCACHE, id);
        LoadResult lh_cache_res = LoadRecords(pwallet, batch, DBKeys::WALLETDESCRIPTORLHCACHE, prefix,
            [&id, &cache] (CWallet* pwallet, DataStream& key, DataStream& value, std::string& err) {
            uint256 desc_id;
            uint32_t key_exp_index;
            key >> desc_id;
            assert(desc_id == id);
            key >> key_exp_index;

            std::vector<unsigned char> ser_xpub(BIP32_EXTKEY_SIZE);
            value >> ser_xpub;
            CExtPubKey xpub;
            xpub.Decode(ser_xpub.data());
            cache.CacheLastHardenedExtPubKey(key_exp_index, xpub);
            return DBErrors::LOAD_OK;
        });
        result = std::max(result, lh_cache_res.m_result);

        // Set the cache for this descriptor
        auto spk_man = (DescriptorScriptPubKeyMan*)pwallet->GetScriptPubKeyMan(id);
        assert(spk_man);
        spk_man->SetCache(cache);

        // Get unencrypted keys
        prefix = PrefixStream(DBKeys::WALLETDESCRIPTORKEY, id);
        LoadResult key_res = LoadRecords(pwallet, batch, DBKeys::WALLETDESCRIPTORKEY, prefix,
            [&id, &spk_man] (CWallet* pwallet, DataStream& key, DataStream& value, std::string& strErr) {
            uint256 desc_id;
            CPubKey pubkey;
            key >> desc_id;
            assert(desc_id == id);
            key >> pubkey;
            if (!pubkey.IsValid())
            {
                strErr = "Error reading wallet database: descriptor unencrypted key CPubKey corrupt";
                return DBErrors::CORRUPT;
            }
            CKey privkey;
            CPrivKey pkey;
            uint256 hash;

            value >> pkey;
            value >> hash;

            // hash pubkey/privkey to accelerate wallet load
            std::vector<unsigned char> to_hash;
            to_hash.reserve(pubkey.size() + pkey.size());
            to_hash.insert(to_hash.end(), pubkey.begin(), pubkey.end());
            to_hash.insert(to_hash.end(), pkey.begin(), pkey.end());

            if (Hash(to_hash) != hash)
            {
                strErr = "Error reading wallet database: descriptor unencrypted key CPubKey/CPrivKey corrupt";
                return DBErrors::CORRUPT;
            }

            if (!privkey.Load(pkey, pubkey, true))
            {
                strErr = "Error reading wallet database: descriptor unencrypted key CPrivKey corrupt";
                return DBErrors::CORRUPT;
            }
            spk_man->AddKey(pubkey.GetID(), privkey);
            return DBErrors::LOAD_OK;
        });
        result = std::max(result, key_res.m_result);
        num_keys = key_res.m_records;

        // Get encrypted keys
        prefix = PrefixStream(DBKeys::WALLETDESCRIPTORCKEY, id);
        LoadResult ckey_res = LoadRecords(pwallet, batch, DBKeys::WALLETDESCRIPTORCKEY, prefix,
            [&id, &spk_man] (CWallet* pwallet, DataStream& key, DataStream& value, std::string& err) {
            uint256 desc_id;
            CPubKey pubkey;
            key >> desc_id;
            assert(desc_id == id);
            key >> pubkey;
            if (!pubkey.IsValid())
            {
                err = "Error reading wallet database: descriptor encrypted key CPubKey corrupt";
                return DBErrors::CORRUPT;
            }
            std::vector<unsigned char> privkey;
            value >> privkey;

            spk_man->AddCryptedKey(pubkey.GetID(), pubkey, privkey);
            return DBErrors::LOAD_OK;
        });
        result = std::max(result, ckey_res.m_result);
        num_ckeys = ckey_res.m_records;

        return result;
    });

    if (desc_res.m_result <= DBErrors::NONCRITICAL_ERROR) {
        // Only log if there are no critical errors
        pwallet->WalletLogPrintf("Descriptors: %u, Descriptor Keys: %u plaintext, %u encrypted, %u total.\n",
               desc_res.m_records, num_keys, num_ckeys, num_keys + num_ckeys);
    }

    return desc_res.m_result;
}

static DBErrors LoadAddressBookRecords(CWallet* pwallet, DatabaseBatch& batch) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(pwallet->cs_wallet)
{
    AssertLockHeld(pwallet->cs_wallet);
    DBErrors result = DBErrors::LOAD_OK;

    // Load name record
    LoadResult name_res = LoadRecords(pwallet, batch, DBKeys::NAME,
        [] (CWallet* pwallet, DataStream& key, DataStream& value, std::string& err) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(pwallet->cs_wallet) {
        std::string strAddress;
        key >> strAddress;
        std::string label;
        value >> label;
        pwallet->m_address_book[DecodeDestination(strAddress)].SetLabel(label);
        return DBErrors::LOAD_OK;
    });
    result = std::max(result, name_res.m_result);

    // Load purpose record
    LoadResult purpose_res = LoadRecords(pwallet, batch, DBKeys::PURPOSE,
        [] (CWallet* pwallet, DataStream& key, DataStream& value, std::string& err) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(pwallet->cs_wallet) {
        std::string strAddress;
        key >> strAddress;
        std::string purpose_str;
        value >> purpose_str;
        std::optional<AddressPurpose> purpose{PurposeFromString(purpose_str)};
        if (!purpose) {
            pwallet->WalletLogPrintf("Warning: nonstandard purpose string '%s' for address '%s'\n", purpose_str, strAddress);
        }
        pwallet->m_address_book[DecodeDestination(strAddress)].purpose = purpose;
        return DBErrors::LOAD_OK;
    });
    result = std::max(result, purpose_res.m_result);

    // Load destination data record
    LoadResult dest_res = LoadRecords(pwallet, batch, DBKeys::DESTDATA,
        [] (CWallet* pwallet, DataStream& key, DataStream& value, std::string& err) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(pwallet->cs_wallet) {
        std::string strAddress, strKey, strValue;
        key >> strAddress;
        key >> strKey;
        value >> strValue;
        const CTxDestination& dest{DecodeDestination(strAddress)};
        if (strKey.compare("used") == 0) {
            // Load "used" key indicating if an IsMine address has
            // previously been spent from with avoid_reuse option enabled.
            // The strValue is not used for anything currently, but could
            // hold more information in the future. Current values are just
            // "1" or "p" for present (which was written prior to
            // f5ba424cd44619d9b9be88b8593d69a7ba96db26).
            pwallet->LoadAddressPreviouslySpent(dest);
        } else if (strKey.compare(0, 2, "rr") == 0) {
            // Load "rr##" keys where ## is a decimal number, and strValue
            // is a serialized RecentRequestEntry object.
            pwallet->LoadAddressReceiveRequest(dest, strKey.substr(2), strValue);
        }
        return DBErrors::LOAD_OK;
    });
    result = std::max(result, dest_res.m_result);

    return result;
}

static DBErrors LoadTxRecords(CWallet* pwallet, DatabaseBatch& batch, std::vector<uint256>& upgraded_txs, bool& any_unordered) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(pwallet->cs_wallet)
{
    AssertLockHeld(pwallet->cs_wallet);
    DBErrors result = DBErrors::LOAD_OK;

    // Load tx record
    any_unordered = false;
    LoadResult tx_res = LoadRecords(pwallet, batch, DBKeys::TX,
        [&any_unordered, &upgraded_txs] (CWallet* pwallet, DataStream& key, DataStream& value, std::string& err) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(pwallet->cs_wallet) {
        DBErrors result = DBErrors::LOAD_OK;
        uint256 hash;
        key >> hash;
        // LoadToWallet call below creates a new CWalletTx that fill_wtx
        // callback fills with transaction metadata.
        auto fill_wtx = [&](CWalletTx& wtx, bool new_tx) {
            if(!new_tx) {
                // There's some corruption here since the tx we just tried to load was already in the wallet.
                err = "Error: Corrupt transaction found. This can be fixed by removing transactions from wallet and rescanning.";
                result = DBErrors::CORRUPT;
                return false;
            }
            value >> wtx;
            if (wtx.GetHash() != hash)
                return false;

            // Undo serialize changes in 31600
            if (31404 <= wtx.fTimeReceivedIsTxTime && wtx.fTimeReceivedIsTxTime <= 31703)
            {
                if (!value.empty())
                {
                    uint8_t fTmp;
                    uint8_t fUnused;
                    std::string unused_string;
                    value >> fTmp >> fUnused >> unused_string;
                    pwallet->WalletLogPrintf("LoadWallet() upgrading tx ver=%d %d %s\n",
                                       wtx.fTimeReceivedIsTxTime, fTmp, hash.ToString());
                    wtx.fTimeReceivedIsTxTime = fTmp;
                }
                else
                {
                    pwallet->WalletLogPrintf("LoadWallet() repairing tx ver=%d %s\n", wtx.fTimeReceivedIsTxTime, hash.ToString());
                    wtx.fTimeReceivedIsTxTime = 0;
                }
                upgraded_txs.push_back(hash);
            }

            if (wtx.nOrderPos == -1)
                any_unordered = true;

            return true;
        };
        if (!pwallet->LoadToWallet(hash, fill_wtx)) {
            // Use std::max as fill_wtx may have already set result to CORRUPT
            result = std::max(result, DBErrors::NEED_RESCAN);
        }
        return result;
    });
    result = std::max(result, tx_res.m_result);

    // Load locked utxo record
    LoadResult locked_utxo_res = LoadRecords(pwallet, batch, DBKeys::LOCKED_UTXO,
        [] (CWallet* pwallet, DataStream& key, DataStream& value, std::string& err) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(pwallet->cs_wallet) {
        Txid hash;
        uint32_t n;
        key >> hash;
        key >> n;
        pwallet->LockCoin(COutPoint(hash, n));
        return DBErrors::LOAD_OK;
    });
    result = std::max(result, locked_utxo_res.m_result);

    // Load orderposnext record
    // Note: There should only be one ORDERPOSNEXT record with nothing trailing the type
    LoadResult order_pos_res = LoadRecords(pwallet, batch, DBKeys::ORDERPOSNEXT,
        [] (CWallet* pwallet, DataStream& key, DataStream& value, std::string& err) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(pwallet->cs_wallet) {
        try {
            value >> pwallet->nOrderPosNext;
        } catch (const std::exception& e) {
            err = e.what();
            return DBErrors::NONCRITICAL_ERROR;
        }
        return DBErrors::LOAD_OK;
    });
    result = std::max(result, order_pos_res.m_result);

    return result;
}

static DBErrors LoadActiveSPKMs(CWallet* pwallet, DatabaseBatch& batch) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(pwallet->cs_wallet)
{
    AssertLockHeld(pwallet->cs_wallet);
    DBErrors result = DBErrors::LOAD_OK;

    // Load spk records
    std::set<std::pair<OutputType, bool>> seen_spks;
    for (const auto& spk_key : {DBKeys::ACTIVEEXTERNALSPK, DBKeys::ACTIVEINTERNALSPK}) {
        LoadResult spkm_res = LoadRecords(pwallet, batch, spk_key,
            [&seen_spks, &spk_key] (CWallet* pwallet, DataStream& key, DataStream& value, std::string& strErr) {
            uint8_t output_type;
            key >> output_type;
            uint256 id;
            value >> id;

            bool internal = spk_key == DBKeys::ACTIVEINTERNALSPK;
            auto [it, insert] = seen_spks.emplace(static_cast<OutputType>(output_type), internal);
            if (!insert) {
                strErr = "Multiple ScriptpubKeyMans specified for a single type";
                return DBErrors::CORRUPT;
            }
            pwallet->LoadActiveScriptPubKeyMan(id, static_cast<OutputType>(output_type), /*internal=*/internal);
            return DBErrors::LOAD_OK;
        });
        result = std::max(result, spkm_res.m_result);
    }
    return result;
}

static DBErrors LoadDecryptionKeys(CWallet* pwallet, DatabaseBatch& batch) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(pwallet->cs_wallet)
{
    AssertLockHeld(pwallet->cs_wallet);

    // Load decryption key (mkey) records
    LoadResult mkey_res = LoadRecords(pwallet, batch, DBKeys::MASTER_KEY,
        [] (CWallet* pwallet, DataStream& key, DataStream& value, std::string& err) {
        if (!LoadEncryptionKey(pwallet, key, value, err)) {
            return DBErrors::CORRUPT;
        }
        return DBErrors::LOAD_OK;
    });
    return mkey_res.m_result;
}

DBErrors WalletBatch::LoadWallet(CWallet* pwallet)
{
    DBErrors result = DBErrors::LOAD_OK;
    bool any_unordered = false;
    std::vector<uint256> upgraded_txs;

    LOCK(pwallet->cs_wallet);

    // Last client version to open this wallet
    int last_client = CLIENT_VERSION;
    bool has_last_client = m_batch->Read(DBKeys::VERSION, last_client);
    pwallet->WalletLogPrintf("Wallet file version = %d, last client version = %d\n", pwallet->GetVersion(), last_client);

    try {
        if ((result = LoadMinVersion(pwallet, *m_batch)) != DBErrors::LOAD_OK) return result;

        // Load wallet flags, so they are known when processing other records.
        // The FLAGS key is absent during wallet creation.
        if ((result = LoadWalletFlags(pwallet, *m_batch)) != DBErrors::LOAD_OK) return result;

#ifndef ENABLE_EXTERNAL_SIGNER
        if (pwallet->IsWalletFlagSet(WALLET_FLAG_EXTERNAL_SIGNER)) {
            pwallet->WalletLogPrintf("Error: External signer wallet being loaded without external signer support compiled\n");
            return DBErrors::EXTERNAL_SIGNER_SUPPORT_REQUIRED;
        }
#endif

        // Load legacy wallet keys
        result = std::max(LoadLegacyWalletRecords(pwallet, *m_batch, last_client), result);

        // Load descriptors
        result = std::max(LoadDescriptorWalletRecords(pwallet, *m_batch, last_client), result);
        // Early return if there are unknown descriptors. Later loading of ACTIVEINTERNALSPK and ACTIVEEXTERNALEXPK
        // may reference the unknown descriptor's ID which can result in a misleading corruption error
        // when in reality the wallet is simply too new.
        if (result == DBErrors::UNKNOWN_DESCRIPTOR) return result;

        // Load address book
        result = std::max(LoadAddressBookRecords(pwallet, *m_batch), result);

        // Load tx records
        result = std::max(LoadTxRecords(pwallet, *m_batch, upgraded_txs, any_unordered), result);

        // Load SPKMs
        result = std::max(LoadActiveSPKMs(pwallet, *m_batch), result);

        // Load decryption keys
        result = std::max(LoadDecryptionKeys(pwallet, *m_batch), result);
    } catch (...) {
        // Exceptions that can be ignored or treated as non-critical are handled by the individual loading functions.
        // Any uncaught exceptions will be caught here and treated as critical.
        result = DBErrors::CORRUPT;
    }

    // Any wallet corruption at all: skip any rewriting or
    // upgrading, we don't want to make it worse.
    if (result != DBErrors::LOAD_OK)
        return result;

    for (const uint256& hash : upgraded_txs)
        WriteTx(pwallet->mapWallet.at(hash));

    if (!has_last_client || last_client != CLIENT_VERSION) // Update
        m_batch->Write(DBKeys::VERSION, CLIENT_VERSION);

    if (any_unordered)
        result = pwallet->ReorderTransactions();

    // Upgrade all of the wallet keymetadata to have the hd master key id
    // This operation is not atomic, but if it fails, updated entries are still backwards compatible with older software
    try {
        pwallet->UpgradeKeyMetadata();
    } catch (...) {
        result = DBErrors::CORRUPT;
    }

    // Upgrade all of the descriptor caches to cache the last hardened xpub
    // This operation is not atomic, but if it fails, only new entries are added so it is backwards compatible
    try {
        pwallet->UpgradeDescriptorCache();
    } catch (...) {
        result = DBErrors::CORRUPT;
    }

    return result;
}

static bool RunWithinTxn(WalletBatch& batch, std::string_view process_desc, const std::function<bool(WalletBatch&)>& func)
{
    if (!batch.TxnBegin()) {
        LogPrint(BCLog::WALLETDB, "Error: cannot create db txn for %s\n", process_desc);
        return false;
    }

    // Run procedure
    if (!func(batch)) {
        LogPrint(BCLog::WALLETDB, "Error: %s failed\n", process_desc);
        batch.TxnAbort();
        return false;
    }

    if (!batch.TxnCommit()) {
        LogPrint(BCLog::WALLETDB, "Error: cannot commit db txn for %s\n", process_desc);
        return false;
    }

    // All good
    return true;
}

bool RunWithinTxn(WalletDatabase& database, std::string_view process_desc, const std::function<bool(WalletBatch&)>& func)
{
    WalletBatch batch(database);
    return RunWithinTxn(batch, process_desc, func);
}

void MaybeCompactWalletDB(WalletContext& context)
{
    static std::atomic<bool> fOneThread(false);
    if (fOneThread.exchange(true)) {
        return;
    }

    for (const std::shared_ptr<CWallet>& pwallet : GetWallets(context)) {
        WalletDatabase& dbh = pwallet->GetDatabase();

        unsigned int nUpdateCounter = dbh.nUpdateCounter;

        if (dbh.nLastSeen != nUpdateCounter) {
            dbh.nLastSeen = nUpdateCounter;
            dbh.nLastWalletUpdate = GetTime();
        }

        if (dbh.nLastFlushed != nUpdateCounter && GetTime() - dbh.nLastWalletUpdate >= 2) {
            if (dbh.PeriodicFlush()) {
                dbh.nLastFlushed = nUpdateCounter;
            }
        }
    }

    fOneThread = false;
}

bool WalletBatch::WriteAddressPreviouslySpent(const CTxDestination& dest, bool previously_spent)
{
    auto key{std::make_pair(DBKeys::DESTDATA, std::make_pair(EncodeDestination(dest), std::string("used")))};
    return previously_spent ? WriteIC(key, std::string("1")) : EraseIC(key);
}

bool WalletBatch::WriteAddressReceiveRequest(const CTxDestination& dest, const std::string& id, const std::string& receive_request)
{
    return WriteIC(std::make_pair(DBKeys::DESTDATA, std::make_pair(EncodeDestination(dest), "rr" + id)), receive_request);
}

bool WalletBatch::EraseAddressReceiveRequest(const CTxDestination& dest, const std::string& id)
{
    return EraseIC(std::make_pair(DBKeys::DESTDATA, std::make_pair(EncodeDestination(dest), "rr" + id)));
}

bool WalletBatch::EraseAddressData(const CTxDestination& dest)
{
    DataStream prefix;
    prefix << DBKeys::DESTDATA << EncodeDestination(dest);
    return m_batch->ErasePrefix(prefix);
}

bool WalletBatch::WriteHDChain(const CHDChain& chain)
{
    return WriteIC(DBKeys::HDCHAIN, chain);
}

bool WalletBatch::WriteWalletFlags(const uint64_t flags)
{
    return WriteIC(DBKeys::FLAGS, flags);
}

bool WalletBatch::EraseRecords(const std::unordered_set<std::string>& types)
{
    return RunWithinTxn(*this, "erase records", [&types](WalletBatch& self) {
        return std::all_of(types.begin(), types.end(), [&self](const std::string& type) {
            return self.m_batch->ErasePrefix(DataStream() << type);
        });
    });
}

bool WalletBatch::TxnBegin()
{
    return m_batch->TxnBegin();
}

bool WalletBatch::TxnCommit()
{
    return m_batch->TxnCommit();
}

bool WalletBatch::TxnAbort()
{
    return m_batch->TxnAbort();
}

std::unique_ptr<WalletDatabase> MakeDatabase(const fs::path& path, const DatabaseOptions& options, DatabaseStatus& status, bilingual_str& error)
{
    bool exists;
    try {
        exists = fs::symlink_status(path).type() != fs::file_type::not_found;
    } catch (const fs::filesystem_error& e) {
        error = Untranslated(strprintf("Failed to access database path '%s': %s", fs::PathToString(path), fsbridge::get_filesystem_error_message(e)));
        status = DatabaseStatus::FAILED_BAD_PATH;
        return nullptr;
    }

    std::optional<DatabaseFormat> format;
    if (exists) {
        if (IsBDBFile(BDBDataFile(path))) {
            format = DatabaseFormat::BERKELEY;
        }
        if (IsSQLiteFile(SQLiteDataFile(path))) {
            if (format) {
                error = Untranslated(strprintf("Failed to load database path '%s'. Data is in ambiguous format.", fs::PathToString(path)));
                status = DatabaseStatus::FAILED_BAD_FORMAT;
                return nullptr;
            }
            format = DatabaseFormat::SQLITE;
        }
    } else if (options.require_existing) {
        error = Untranslated(strprintf("Failed to load database path '%s'. Path does not exist.", fs::PathToString(path)));
        status = DatabaseStatus::FAILED_NOT_FOUND;
        return nullptr;
    }

    if (!format && options.require_existing) {
        error = Untranslated(strprintf("Failed to load database path '%s'. Data is not in recognized format.", fs::PathToString(path)));
        status = DatabaseStatus::FAILED_BAD_FORMAT;
        return nullptr;
    }

    if (format && options.require_create) {
        error = Untranslated(strprintf("Failed to create database path '%s'. Database already exists.", fs::PathToString(path)));
        status = DatabaseStatus::FAILED_ALREADY_EXISTS;
        return nullptr;
    }

    // A db already exists so format is set, but options also specifies the format, so make sure they agree
    if (format && options.require_format && format != options.require_format) {
        error = Untranslated(strprintf("Failed to load database path '%s'. Data is not in required format.", fs::PathToString(path)));
        status = DatabaseStatus::FAILED_BAD_FORMAT;
        return nullptr;
    }

    // Format is not set when a db doesn't already exist, so use the format specified by the options if it is set.
    if (!format && options.require_format) format = options.require_format;

    // If the format is not specified or detected, choose the default format based on what is available. We prefer BDB over SQLite for now.
    if (!format) {
#ifdef USE_SQLITE
        format = DatabaseFormat::SQLITE;
#endif
#ifdef USE_BDB
        format = DatabaseFormat::BERKELEY;
#endif
    }

    if (format == DatabaseFormat::SQLITE) {
#ifdef USE_SQLITE
        if constexpr (true) {
            return MakeSQLiteDatabase(path, options, status, error);
        } else
#endif
        {
            error = Untranslated(strprintf("Failed to open database path '%s'. Build does not support SQLite database format.", fs::PathToString(path)));
            status = DatabaseStatus::FAILED_BAD_FORMAT;
            return nullptr;
        }
    }

#ifdef USE_BDB
    if constexpr (true) {
        return MakeBerkeleyDatabase(path, options, status, error);
    } else
#endif
    {
        error = Untranslated(strprintf("Failed to open database path '%s'. Build does not support Berkeley DB database format.", fs::PathToString(path)));
        status = DatabaseStatus::FAILED_BAD_FORMAT;
        return nullptr;
    }
}
} // namespace wallet