aboutsummaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/src/rpc/blockchain.cpp
blob: 46b0ae161fa8ef235511ab2b218f61f53cf52f9a (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
2051
2052
2053
2054
2055
2056
2057
2058
2059
2060
2061
2062
2063
2064
2065
2066
2067
2068
2069
2070
2071
2072
2073
2074
2075
2076
2077
2078
2079
2080
2081
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
2087
2088
2089
2090
2091
2092
2093
2094
2095
2096
2097
2098
2099
2100
2101
2102
2103
2104
2105
2106
2107
2108
2109
2110
2111
2112
2113
2114
2115
2116
2117
2118
2119
2120
2121
2122
2123
2124
2125
2126
2127
2128
2129
2130
2131
2132
2133
2134
2135
2136
2137
2138
2139
2140
2141
2142
2143
2144
2145
2146
2147
2148
2149
2150
2151
2152
2153
2154
2155
2156
2157
2158
2159
2160
2161
2162
2163
2164
2165
2166
2167
2168
2169
2170
2171
2172
2173
2174
2175
2176
2177
2178
2179
2180
2181
2182
2183
2184
2185
2186
2187
2188
2189
2190
2191
2192
2193
2194
2195
2196
2197
2198
2199
2200
2201
2202
2203
2204
2205
2206
2207
2208
2209
2210
2211
2212
2213
2214
2215
2216
2217
2218
2219
2220
2221
2222
2223
2224
2225
2226
2227
2228
2229
2230
2231
2232
2233
2234
2235
2236
2237
2238
2239
2240
2241
2242
2243
2244
2245
2246
2247
2248
2249
2250
2251
2252
2253
2254
2255
2256
2257
2258
2259
2260
2261
2262
2263
2264
2265
2266
2267
2268
2269
2270
2271
2272
2273
2274
2275
2276
2277
2278
2279
2280
2281
2282
2283
2284
2285
2286
2287
2288
2289
2290
2291
2292
2293
2294
2295
2296
2297
2298
2299
2300
2301
2302
2303
2304
2305
2306
2307
2308
2309
2310
2311
2312
2313
2314
2315
2316
2317
2318
2319
2320
2321
2322
2323
2324
2325
2326
2327
2328
2329
2330
2331
2332
2333
2334
2335
2336
2337
2338
2339
2340
2341
2342
2343
2344
2345
2346
2347
2348
2349
2350
2351
2352
2353
2354
2355
2356
2357
2358
2359
2360
2361
2362
2363
2364
2365
2366
2367
2368
2369
2370
2371
2372
2373
2374
2375
2376
2377
2378
2379
2380
2381
2382
2383
2384
2385
2386
2387
2388
2389
2390
2391
2392
2393
2394
2395
2396
2397
2398
2399
2400
2401
2402
2403
2404
2405
2406
2407
2408
2409
2410
2411
2412
2413
2414
2415
2416
2417
2418
2419
2420
2421
2422
2423
2424
2425
2426
2427
2428
2429
2430
2431
2432
2433
2434
2435
2436
2437
2438
2439
2440
2441
2442
2443
2444
2445
2446
2447
2448
2449
2450
2451
2452
2453
2454
2455
2456
2457
2458
2459
2460
2461
2462
2463
2464
2465
2466
2467
2468
2469
2470
2471
2472
2473
2474
2475
2476
2477
2478
2479
2480
2481
2482
2483
2484
2485
2486
2487
2488
2489
2490
2491
2492
2493
2494
2495
2496
2497
2498
2499
2500
2501
2502
2503
2504
2505
2506
2507
2508
2509
2510
2511
2512
2513
2514
2515
2516
2517
2518
2519
2520
2521
2522
2523
2524
2525
2526
2527
2528
2529
2530
2531
2532
2533
2534
2535
2536
2537
2538
2539
2540
2541
2542
2543
2544
2545
2546
2547
2548
2549
2550
2551
2552
2553
2554
2555
2556
2557
2558
2559
2560
2561
2562
2563
2564
2565
2566
2567
2568
2569
2570
2571
2572
2573
2574
2575
2576
2577
2578
2579
2580
2581
2582
2583
2584
2585
2586
2587
2588
2589
2590
2591
2592
2593
2594
2595
2596
2597
2598
2599
2600
2601
2602
2603
2604
2605
2606
2607
2608
2609
2610
2611
2612
2613
2614
2615
2616
2617
2618
2619
2620
2621
2622
2623
2624
2625
2626
2627
2628
2629
2630
2631
2632
2633
2634
2635
2636
2637
2638
2639
2640
2641
2642
2643
2644
2645
2646
2647
2648
2649
2650
2651
2652
2653
2654
2655
2656
2657
2658
2659
2660
2661
2662
2663
2664
2665
2666
2667
2668
2669
2670
2671
2672
2673
2674
2675
2676
2677
2678
2679
2680
2681
2682
2683
2684
2685
2686
2687
2688
2689
2690
2691
2692
2693
2694
2695
2696
2697
2698
2699
2700
2701
2702
2703
2704
2705
2706
2707
2708
2709
2710
2711
2712
2713
2714
2715
2716
2717
2718
2719
2720
2721
2722
2723
2724
2725
2726
2727
2728
2729
2730
2731
2732
2733
2734
2735
2736
2737
2738
2739
2740
2741
2742
2743
2744
2745
2746
2747
2748
2749
2750
2751
2752
2753
2754
2755
2756
2757
2758
2759
2760
2761
2762
2763
2764
2765
2766
2767
2768
2769
2770
2771
2772
2773
2774
2775
2776
2777
2778
2779
2780
2781
2782
2783
2784
2785
2786
2787
2788
2789
2790
2791
2792
2793
2794
2795
2796
2797
2798
2799
2800
2801
2802
2803
2804
2805
2806
2807
2808
2809
2810
2811
2812
2813
2814
2815
2816
2817
2818
2819
2820
2821
2822
2823
2824
2825
2826
2827
2828
2829
2830
2831
2832
2833
2834
2835
2836
2837
2838
2839
2840
2841
2842
2843
2844
2845
2846
2847
2848
2849
2850
2851
2852
2853
2854
2855
2856
2857
2858
2859
2860
2861
2862
2863
2864
2865
2866
2867
2868
2869
2870
2871
2872
2873
2874
2875
2876
2877
2878
2879
2880
2881
2882
2883
2884
2885
2886
2887
2888
2889
2890
2891
2892
2893
2894
2895
2896
2897
2898
2899
2900
2901
2902
2903
2904
2905
2906
2907
2908
2909
2910
2911
2912
2913
2914
2915
2916
2917
2918
2919
2920
2921
2922
2923
2924
2925
2926
2927
2928
2929
2930
2931
2932
2933
2934
2935
2936
2937
2938
2939
2940
2941
2942
2943
2944
2945
2946
2947
2948
2949
2950
2951
2952
2953
2954
2955
2956
2957
2958
2959
2960
2961
2962
// Copyright (c) 2010 Satoshi Nakamoto
// Copyright (c) 2009-2022 The Bitcoin Core developers
// Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
// file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.

#include <rpc/blockchain.h>

#include <blockfilter.h>
#include <chain.h>
#include <chainparams.h>
#include <clientversion.h>
#include <coins.h>
#include <common/args.h>
#include <consensus/amount.h>
#include <consensus/params.h>
#include <consensus/validation.h>
#include <core_io.h>
#include <deploymentinfo.h>
#include <deploymentstatus.h>
#include <flatfile.h>
#include <hash.h>
#include <index/blockfilterindex.h>
#include <index/coinstatsindex.h>
#include <kernel/coinstats.h>
#include <logging/timer.h>
#include <net.h>
#include <net_processing.h>
#include <node/blockstorage.h>
#include <node/context.h>
#include <node/transaction.h>
#include <node/utxo_snapshot.h>
#include <primitives/transaction.h>
#include <rpc/server.h>
#include <rpc/server_util.h>
#include <rpc/util.h>
#include <script/descriptor.h>
#include <serialize.h>
#include <streams.h>
#include <sync.h>
#include <txdb.h>
#include <txmempool.h>
#include <undo.h>
#include <univalue.h>
#include <util/check.h>
#include <util/fs.h>
#include <util/strencodings.h>
#include <util/translation.h>
#include <validation.h>
#include <validationinterface.h>
#include <versionbits.h>

#include <stdint.h>

#include <condition_variable>
#include <memory>
#include <mutex>

using kernel::CCoinsStats;
using kernel::CoinStatsHashType;

using node::BlockManager;
using node::NodeContext;
using node::SnapshotMetadata;
using util::Join;
using util::MakeUnorderedList;
using util::ToString;

struct CUpdatedBlock
{
    uint256 hash;
    int height;
};

static GlobalMutex cs_blockchange;
static std::condition_variable cond_blockchange;
static CUpdatedBlock latestblock GUARDED_BY(cs_blockchange);

/* Calculate the difficulty for a given block index.
 */
double GetDifficulty(const CBlockIndex& blockindex)
{
    int nShift = (blockindex.nBits >> 24) & 0xff;
    double dDiff =
        (double)0x0000ffff / (double)(blockindex.nBits & 0x00ffffff);

    while (nShift < 29)
    {
        dDiff *= 256.0;
        nShift++;
    }
    while (nShift > 29)
    {
        dDiff /= 256.0;
        nShift--;
    }

    return dDiff;
}

static int ComputeNextBlockAndDepth(const CBlockIndex& tip, const CBlockIndex& blockindex, const CBlockIndex*& next)
{
    next = tip.GetAncestor(blockindex.nHeight + 1);
    if (next && next->pprev == &blockindex) {
        return tip.nHeight - blockindex.nHeight + 1;
    }
    next = nullptr;
    return &blockindex == &tip ? 1 : -1;
}

static const CBlockIndex* ParseHashOrHeight(const UniValue& param, ChainstateManager& chainman)
{
    LOCK(::cs_main);
    CChain& active_chain = chainman.ActiveChain();

    if (param.isNum()) {
        const int height{param.getInt<int>()};
        if (height < 0) {
            throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_PARAMETER, strprintf("Target block height %d is negative", height));
        }
        const int current_tip{active_chain.Height()};
        if (height > current_tip) {
            throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_PARAMETER, strprintf("Target block height %d after current tip %d", height, current_tip));
        }

        return active_chain[height];
    } else {
        const uint256 hash{ParseHashV(param, "hash_or_height")};
        const CBlockIndex* pindex = chainman.m_blockman.LookupBlockIndex(hash);

        if (!pindex) {
            throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_ADDRESS_OR_KEY, "Block not found");
        }

        return pindex;
    }
}

UniValue blockheaderToJSON(const CBlockIndex& tip, const CBlockIndex& blockindex)
{
    // Serialize passed information without accessing chain state of the active chain!
    AssertLockNotHeld(cs_main); // For performance reasons

    UniValue result(UniValue::VOBJ);
    result.pushKV("hash", blockindex.GetBlockHash().GetHex());
    const CBlockIndex* pnext;
    int confirmations = ComputeNextBlockAndDepth(tip, blockindex, pnext);
    result.pushKV("confirmations", confirmations);
    result.pushKV("height", blockindex.nHeight);
    result.pushKV("version", blockindex.nVersion);
    result.pushKV("versionHex", strprintf("%08x", blockindex.nVersion));
    result.pushKV("merkleroot", blockindex.hashMerkleRoot.GetHex());
    result.pushKV("time", blockindex.nTime);
    result.pushKV("mediantime", blockindex.GetMedianTimePast());
    result.pushKV("nonce", blockindex.nNonce);
    result.pushKV("bits", strprintf("%08x", blockindex.nBits));
    result.pushKV("difficulty", GetDifficulty(blockindex));
    result.pushKV("chainwork", blockindex.nChainWork.GetHex());
    result.pushKV("nTx", blockindex.nTx);

    if (blockindex.pprev)
        result.pushKV("previousblockhash", blockindex.pprev->GetBlockHash().GetHex());
    if (pnext)
        result.pushKV("nextblockhash", pnext->GetBlockHash().GetHex());
    return result;
}

UniValue blockToJSON(BlockManager& blockman, const CBlock& block, const CBlockIndex& tip, const CBlockIndex& blockindex, TxVerbosity verbosity)
{
    UniValue result = blockheaderToJSON(tip, blockindex);

    result.pushKV("strippedsize", (int)::GetSerializeSize(TX_NO_WITNESS(block)));
    result.pushKV("size", (int)::GetSerializeSize(TX_WITH_WITNESS(block)));
    result.pushKV("weight", (int)::GetBlockWeight(block));
    UniValue txs(UniValue::VARR);

    switch (verbosity) {
        case TxVerbosity::SHOW_TXID:
            for (const CTransactionRef& tx : block.vtx) {
                txs.push_back(tx->GetHash().GetHex());
            }
            break;

        case TxVerbosity::SHOW_DETAILS:
        case TxVerbosity::SHOW_DETAILS_AND_PREVOUT:
            CBlockUndo blockUndo;
            const bool is_not_pruned{WITH_LOCK(::cs_main, return !blockman.IsBlockPruned(blockindex))};
            const bool have_undo{is_not_pruned && blockman.UndoReadFromDisk(blockUndo, blockindex)};

            for (size_t i = 0; i < block.vtx.size(); ++i) {
                const CTransactionRef& tx = block.vtx.at(i);
                // coinbase transaction (i.e. i == 0) doesn't have undo data
                const CTxUndo* txundo = (have_undo && i > 0) ? &blockUndo.vtxundo.at(i - 1) : nullptr;
                UniValue objTx(UniValue::VOBJ);
                TxToUniv(*tx, /*block_hash=*/uint256(), /*entry=*/objTx, /*include_hex=*/true, txundo, verbosity);
                txs.push_back(std::move(objTx));
            }
            break;
    }

    result.pushKV("tx", std::move(txs));

    return result;
}

static RPCHelpMan getblockcount()
{
    return RPCHelpMan{"getblockcount",
                "\nReturns the height of the most-work fully-validated chain.\n"
                "The genesis block has height 0.\n",
                {},
                RPCResult{
                    RPCResult::Type::NUM, "", "The current block count"},
                RPCExamples{
                    HelpExampleCli("getblockcount", "")
            + HelpExampleRpc("getblockcount", "")
                },
        [&](const RPCHelpMan& self, const JSONRPCRequest& request) -> UniValue
{
    ChainstateManager& chainman = EnsureAnyChainman(request.context);
    LOCK(cs_main);
    return chainman.ActiveChain().Height();
},
    };
}

static RPCHelpMan getbestblockhash()
{
    return RPCHelpMan{"getbestblockhash",
                "\nReturns the hash of the best (tip) block in the most-work fully-validated chain.\n",
                {},
                RPCResult{
                    RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "", "the block hash, hex-encoded"},
                RPCExamples{
                    HelpExampleCli("getbestblockhash", "")
            + HelpExampleRpc("getbestblockhash", "")
                },
        [&](const RPCHelpMan& self, const JSONRPCRequest& request) -> UniValue
{
    ChainstateManager& chainman = EnsureAnyChainman(request.context);
    LOCK(cs_main);
    return chainman.ActiveChain().Tip()->GetBlockHash().GetHex();
},
    };
}

void RPCNotifyBlockChange(const CBlockIndex* pindex)
{
    if(pindex) {
        LOCK(cs_blockchange);
        latestblock.hash = pindex->GetBlockHash();
        latestblock.height = pindex->nHeight;
    }
    cond_blockchange.notify_all();
}

static RPCHelpMan waitfornewblock()
{
    return RPCHelpMan{"waitfornewblock",
                "\nWaits for a specific new block and returns useful info about it.\n"
                "\nReturns the current block on timeout or exit.\n",
                {
                    {"timeout", RPCArg::Type::NUM, RPCArg::Default{0}, "Time in milliseconds to wait for a response. 0 indicates no timeout."},
                },
                RPCResult{
                    RPCResult::Type::OBJ, "", "",
                    {
                        {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "hash", "The blockhash"},
                        {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "height", "Block height"},
                    }},
                RPCExamples{
                    HelpExampleCli("waitfornewblock", "1000")
            + HelpExampleRpc("waitfornewblock", "1000")
                },
        [&](const RPCHelpMan& self, const JSONRPCRequest& request) -> UniValue
{
    int timeout = 0;
    if (!request.params[0].isNull())
        timeout = request.params[0].getInt<int>();

    CUpdatedBlock block;
    {
        WAIT_LOCK(cs_blockchange, lock);
        block = latestblock;
        if(timeout)
            cond_blockchange.wait_for(lock, std::chrono::milliseconds(timeout), [&block]() EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_blockchange) {return latestblock.height != block.height || latestblock.hash != block.hash || !IsRPCRunning(); });
        else
            cond_blockchange.wait(lock, [&block]() EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_blockchange) {return latestblock.height != block.height || latestblock.hash != block.hash || !IsRPCRunning(); });
        block = latestblock;
    }
    UniValue ret(UniValue::VOBJ);
    ret.pushKV("hash", block.hash.GetHex());
    ret.pushKV("height", block.height);
    return ret;
},
    };
}

static RPCHelpMan waitforblock()
{
    return RPCHelpMan{"waitforblock",
                "\nWaits for a specific new block and returns useful info about it.\n"
                "\nReturns the current block on timeout or exit.\n",
                {
                    {"blockhash", RPCArg::Type::STR_HEX, RPCArg::Optional::NO, "Block hash to wait for."},
                    {"timeout", RPCArg::Type::NUM, RPCArg::Default{0}, "Time in milliseconds to wait for a response. 0 indicates no timeout."},
                },
                RPCResult{
                    RPCResult::Type::OBJ, "", "",
                    {
                        {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "hash", "The blockhash"},
                        {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "height", "Block height"},
                    }},
                RPCExamples{
                    HelpExampleCli("waitforblock", "\"0000000000079f8ef3d2c688c244eb7a4570b24c9ed7b4a8c619eb02596f8862\" 1000")
            + HelpExampleRpc("waitforblock", "\"0000000000079f8ef3d2c688c244eb7a4570b24c9ed7b4a8c619eb02596f8862\", 1000")
                },
        [&](const RPCHelpMan& self, const JSONRPCRequest& request) -> UniValue
{
    int timeout = 0;

    uint256 hash(ParseHashV(request.params[0], "blockhash"));

    if (!request.params[1].isNull())
        timeout = request.params[1].getInt<int>();

    CUpdatedBlock block;
    {
        WAIT_LOCK(cs_blockchange, lock);
        if(timeout)
            cond_blockchange.wait_for(lock, std::chrono::milliseconds(timeout), [&hash]() EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_blockchange) {return latestblock.hash == hash || !IsRPCRunning();});
        else
            cond_blockchange.wait(lock, [&hash]() EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_blockchange) {return latestblock.hash == hash || !IsRPCRunning(); });
        block = latestblock;
    }

    UniValue ret(UniValue::VOBJ);
    ret.pushKV("hash", block.hash.GetHex());
    ret.pushKV("height", block.height);
    return ret;
},
    };
}

static RPCHelpMan waitforblockheight()
{
    return RPCHelpMan{"waitforblockheight",
                "\nWaits for (at least) block height and returns the height and hash\n"
                "of the current tip.\n"
                "\nReturns the current block on timeout or exit.\n",
                {
                    {"height", RPCArg::Type::NUM, RPCArg::Optional::NO, "Block height to wait for."},
                    {"timeout", RPCArg::Type::NUM, RPCArg::Default{0}, "Time in milliseconds to wait for a response. 0 indicates no timeout."},
                },
                RPCResult{
                    RPCResult::Type::OBJ, "", "",
                    {
                        {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "hash", "The blockhash"},
                        {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "height", "Block height"},
                    }},
                RPCExamples{
                    HelpExampleCli("waitforblockheight", "100 1000")
            + HelpExampleRpc("waitforblockheight", "100, 1000")
                },
        [&](const RPCHelpMan& self, const JSONRPCRequest& request) -> UniValue
{
    int timeout = 0;

    int height = request.params[0].getInt<int>();

    if (!request.params[1].isNull())
        timeout = request.params[1].getInt<int>();

    CUpdatedBlock block;
    {
        WAIT_LOCK(cs_blockchange, lock);
        if(timeout)
            cond_blockchange.wait_for(lock, std::chrono::milliseconds(timeout), [&height]() EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_blockchange) {return latestblock.height >= height || !IsRPCRunning();});
        else
            cond_blockchange.wait(lock, [&height]() EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(cs_blockchange) {return latestblock.height >= height || !IsRPCRunning(); });
        block = latestblock;
    }
    UniValue ret(UniValue::VOBJ);
    ret.pushKV("hash", block.hash.GetHex());
    ret.pushKV("height", block.height);
    return ret;
},
    };
}

static RPCHelpMan syncwithvalidationinterfacequeue()
{
    return RPCHelpMan{"syncwithvalidationinterfacequeue",
                "\nWaits for the validation interface queue to catch up on everything that was there when we entered this function.\n",
                {},
                RPCResult{RPCResult::Type::NONE, "", ""},
                RPCExamples{
                    HelpExampleCli("syncwithvalidationinterfacequeue","")
            + HelpExampleRpc("syncwithvalidationinterfacequeue","")
                },
        [&](const RPCHelpMan& self, const JSONRPCRequest& request) -> UniValue
{
    NodeContext& node = EnsureAnyNodeContext(request.context);
    CHECK_NONFATAL(node.validation_signals)->SyncWithValidationInterfaceQueue();
    return UniValue::VNULL;
},
    };
}

static RPCHelpMan getdifficulty()
{
    return RPCHelpMan{"getdifficulty",
                "\nReturns the proof-of-work difficulty as a multiple of the minimum difficulty.\n",
                {},
                RPCResult{
                    RPCResult::Type::NUM, "", "the proof-of-work difficulty as a multiple of the minimum difficulty."},
                RPCExamples{
                    HelpExampleCli("getdifficulty", "")
            + HelpExampleRpc("getdifficulty", "")
                },
        [&](const RPCHelpMan& self, const JSONRPCRequest& request) -> UniValue
{
    ChainstateManager& chainman = EnsureAnyChainman(request.context);
    LOCK(cs_main);
    return GetDifficulty(*CHECK_NONFATAL(chainman.ActiveChain().Tip()));
},
    };
}

static RPCHelpMan getblockfrompeer()
{
    return RPCHelpMan{
        "getblockfrompeer",
        "Attempt to fetch block from a given peer.\n\n"
        "We must have the header for this block, e.g. using submitheader.\n"
        "Subsequent calls for the same block may cause the response from the previous peer to be ignored.\n"
        "Peers generally ignore requests for a stale block that they never fully verified, or one that is more than a month old.\n"
        "When a peer does not respond with a block, we will disconnect.\n"
        "Note: The block could be re-pruned as soon as it is received.\n\n"
        "Returns an empty JSON object if the request was successfully scheduled.",
        {
            {"blockhash", RPCArg::Type::STR_HEX, RPCArg::Optional::NO, "The block hash to try to fetch"},
            {"peer_id", RPCArg::Type::NUM, RPCArg::Optional::NO, "The peer to fetch it from (see getpeerinfo for peer IDs)"},
        },
        RPCResult{RPCResult::Type::OBJ, "", /*optional=*/false, "", {}},
        RPCExamples{
            HelpExampleCli("getblockfrompeer", "\"00000000c937983704a73af28acdec37b049d214adbda81d7e2a3dd146f6ed09\" 0")
            + HelpExampleRpc("getblockfrompeer", "\"00000000c937983704a73af28acdec37b049d214adbda81d7e2a3dd146f6ed09\" 0")
        },
        [&](const RPCHelpMan& self, const JSONRPCRequest& request) -> UniValue
{
    const NodeContext& node = EnsureAnyNodeContext(request.context);
    ChainstateManager& chainman = EnsureChainman(node);
    PeerManager& peerman = EnsurePeerman(node);

    const uint256& block_hash{ParseHashV(request.params[0], "blockhash")};
    const NodeId peer_id{request.params[1].getInt<int64_t>()};

    const CBlockIndex* const index = WITH_LOCK(cs_main, return chainman.m_blockman.LookupBlockIndex(block_hash););

    if (!index) {
        throw JSONRPCError(RPC_MISC_ERROR, "Block header missing");
    }

    // Fetching blocks before the node has syncing past their height can prevent block files from
    // being pruned, so we avoid it if the node is in prune mode.
    if (chainman.m_blockman.IsPruneMode() && index->nHeight > WITH_LOCK(chainman.GetMutex(), return chainman.ActiveTip()->nHeight)) {
        throw JSONRPCError(RPC_MISC_ERROR, "In prune mode, only blocks that the node has already synced previously can be fetched from a peer");
    }

    const bool block_has_data = WITH_LOCK(::cs_main, return index->nStatus & BLOCK_HAVE_DATA);
    if (block_has_data) {
        throw JSONRPCError(RPC_MISC_ERROR, "Block already downloaded");
    }

    if (const auto err{peerman.FetchBlock(peer_id, *index)}) {
        throw JSONRPCError(RPC_MISC_ERROR, err.value());
    }
    return UniValue::VOBJ;
},
    };
}

static RPCHelpMan getblockhash()
{
    return RPCHelpMan{"getblockhash",
                "\nReturns hash of block in best-block-chain at height provided.\n",
                {
                    {"height", RPCArg::Type::NUM, RPCArg::Optional::NO, "The height index"},
                },
                RPCResult{
                    RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "", "The block hash"},
                RPCExamples{
                    HelpExampleCli("getblockhash", "1000")
            + HelpExampleRpc("getblockhash", "1000")
                },
        [&](const RPCHelpMan& self, const JSONRPCRequest& request) -> UniValue
{
    ChainstateManager& chainman = EnsureAnyChainman(request.context);
    LOCK(cs_main);
    const CChain& active_chain = chainman.ActiveChain();

    int nHeight = request.params[0].getInt<int>();
    if (nHeight < 0 || nHeight > active_chain.Height())
        throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_PARAMETER, "Block height out of range");

    const CBlockIndex* pblockindex = active_chain[nHeight];
    return pblockindex->GetBlockHash().GetHex();
},
    };
}

static RPCHelpMan getblockheader()
{
    return RPCHelpMan{"getblockheader",
                "\nIf verbose is false, returns a string that is serialized, hex-encoded data for blockheader 'hash'.\n"
                "If verbose is true, returns an Object with information about blockheader <hash>.\n",
                {
                    {"blockhash", RPCArg::Type::STR_HEX, RPCArg::Optional::NO, "The block hash"},
                    {"verbose", RPCArg::Type::BOOL, RPCArg::Default{true}, "true for a json object, false for the hex-encoded data"},
                },
                {
                    RPCResult{"for verbose = true",
                        RPCResult::Type::OBJ, "", "",
                        {
                            {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "hash", "the block hash (same as provided)"},
                            {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "confirmations", "The number of confirmations, or -1 if the block is not on the main chain"},
                            {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "height", "The block height or index"},
                            {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "version", "The block version"},
                            {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "versionHex", "The block version formatted in hexadecimal"},
                            {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "merkleroot", "The merkle root"},
                            {RPCResult::Type::NUM_TIME, "time", "The block time expressed in " + UNIX_EPOCH_TIME},
                            {RPCResult::Type::NUM_TIME, "mediantime", "The median block time expressed in " + UNIX_EPOCH_TIME},
                            {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "nonce", "The nonce"},
                            {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "bits", "The bits"},
                            {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "difficulty", "The difficulty"},
                            {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "chainwork", "Expected number of hashes required to produce the current chain"},
                            {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "nTx", "The number of transactions in the block"},
                            {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "previousblockhash", /*optional=*/true, "The hash of the previous block (if available)"},
                            {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "nextblockhash", /*optional=*/true, "The hash of the next block (if available)"},
                        }},
                    RPCResult{"for verbose=false",
                        RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "", "A string that is serialized, hex-encoded data for block 'hash'"},
                },
                RPCExamples{
                    HelpExampleCli("getblockheader", "\"00000000c937983704a73af28acdec37b049d214adbda81d7e2a3dd146f6ed09\"")
            + HelpExampleRpc("getblockheader", "\"00000000c937983704a73af28acdec37b049d214adbda81d7e2a3dd146f6ed09\"")
                },
        [&](const RPCHelpMan& self, const JSONRPCRequest& request) -> UniValue
{
    uint256 hash(ParseHashV(request.params[0], "hash"));

    bool fVerbose = true;
    if (!request.params[1].isNull())
        fVerbose = request.params[1].get_bool();

    const CBlockIndex* pblockindex;
    const CBlockIndex* tip;
    {
        ChainstateManager& chainman = EnsureAnyChainman(request.context);
        LOCK(cs_main);
        pblockindex = chainman.m_blockman.LookupBlockIndex(hash);
        tip = chainman.ActiveChain().Tip();
    }

    if (!pblockindex) {
        throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_ADDRESS_OR_KEY, "Block not found");
    }

    if (!fVerbose)
    {
        DataStream ssBlock{};
        ssBlock << pblockindex->GetBlockHeader();
        std::string strHex = HexStr(ssBlock);
        return strHex;
    }

    return blockheaderToJSON(*tip, *pblockindex);
},
    };
}

static CBlock GetBlockChecked(BlockManager& blockman, const CBlockIndex& blockindex)
{
    CBlock block;
    {
        LOCK(cs_main);
        if (blockman.IsBlockPruned(blockindex)) {
            throw JSONRPCError(RPC_MISC_ERROR, "Block not available (pruned data)");
        }
    }

    if (!blockman.ReadBlockFromDisk(block, blockindex)) {
        // Block not found on disk. This could be because we have the block
        // header in our index but not yet have the block or did not accept the
        // block. Or if the block was pruned right after we released the lock above.
        throw JSONRPCError(RPC_MISC_ERROR, "Block not found on disk");
    }

    return block;
}

static std::vector<uint8_t> GetRawBlockChecked(BlockManager& blockman, const CBlockIndex& blockindex)
{
    std::vector<uint8_t> data{};
    FlatFilePos pos{};
    {
        LOCK(cs_main);
        if (blockman.IsBlockPruned(blockindex)) {
            throw JSONRPCError(RPC_MISC_ERROR, "Block not available (pruned data)");
        }
        pos = blockindex.GetBlockPos();
    }

    if (!blockman.ReadRawBlockFromDisk(data, pos)) {
        // Block not found on disk. This could be because we have the block
        // header in our index but not yet have the block or did not accept the
        // block. Or if the block was pruned right after we released the lock above.
        throw JSONRPCError(RPC_MISC_ERROR, "Block not found on disk");
    }

    return data;
}

static CBlockUndo GetUndoChecked(BlockManager& blockman, const CBlockIndex& blockindex)
{
    CBlockUndo blockUndo;

    // The Genesis block does not have undo data
    if (blockindex.nHeight == 0) return blockUndo;

    {
        LOCK(cs_main);
        if (blockman.IsBlockPruned(blockindex)) {
            throw JSONRPCError(RPC_MISC_ERROR, "Undo data not available (pruned data)");
        }
    }

    if (!blockman.UndoReadFromDisk(blockUndo, blockindex)) {
        throw JSONRPCError(RPC_MISC_ERROR, "Can't read undo data from disk");
    }

    return blockUndo;
}

const RPCResult getblock_vin{
    RPCResult::Type::ARR, "vin", "",
    {
        {RPCResult::Type::OBJ, "", "",
        {
            {RPCResult::Type::ELISION, "", "The same output as verbosity = 2"},
            {RPCResult::Type::OBJ, "prevout", "(Only if undo information is available)",
            {
                {RPCResult::Type::BOOL, "generated", "Coinbase or not"},
                {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "height", "The height of the prevout"},
                {RPCResult::Type::STR_AMOUNT, "value", "The value in " + CURRENCY_UNIT},
                {RPCResult::Type::OBJ, "scriptPubKey", "",
                {
                    {RPCResult::Type::STR, "asm", "Disassembly of the public key script"},
                    {RPCResult::Type::STR, "desc", "Inferred descriptor for the output"},
                    {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "hex", "The raw public key script bytes, hex-encoded"},
                    {RPCResult::Type::STR, "address", /*optional=*/true, "The Bitcoin address (only if a well-defined address exists)"},
                    {RPCResult::Type::STR, "type", "The type (one of: " + GetAllOutputTypes() + ")"},
                }},
            }},
        }},
    }
};

static RPCHelpMan getblock()
{
    return RPCHelpMan{"getblock",
                "\nIf verbosity is 0, returns a string that is serialized, hex-encoded data for block 'hash'.\n"
                "If verbosity is 1, returns an Object with information about block <hash>.\n"
                "If verbosity is 2, returns an Object with information about block <hash> and information about each transaction.\n"
                "If verbosity is 3, returns an Object with information about block <hash> and information about each transaction, including prevout information for inputs (only for unpruned blocks in the current best chain).\n",
                {
                    {"blockhash", RPCArg::Type::STR_HEX, RPCArg::Optional::NO, "The block hash"},
                    {"verbosity|verbose", RPCArg::Type::NUM, RPCArg::Default{1}, "0 for hex-encoded data, 1 for a JSON object, 2 for JSON object with transaction data, and 3 for JSON object with transaction data including prevout information for inputs",
                     RPCArgOptions{.skip_type_check = true}},
                },
                {
                    RPCResult{"for verbosity = 0",
                RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "", "A string that is serialized, hex-encoded data for block 'hash'"},
                    RPCResult{"for verbosity = 1",
                RPCResult::Type::OBJ, "", "",
                {
                    {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "hash", "the block hash (same as provided)"},
                    {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "confirmations", "The number of confirmations, or -1 if the block is not on the main chain"},
                    {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "size", "The block size"},
                    {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "strippedsize", "The block size excluding witness data"},
                    {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "weight", "The block weight as defined in BIP 141"},
                    {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "height", "The block height or index"},
                    {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "version", "The block version"},
                    {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "versionHex", "The block version formatted in hexadecimal"},
                    {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "merkleroot", "The merkle root"},
                    {RPCResult::Type::ARR, "tx", "The transaction ids",
                        {{RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "", "The transaction id"}}},
                    {RPCResult::Type::NUM_TIME, "time",       "The block time expressed in " + UNIX_EPOCH_TIME},
                    {RPCResult::Type::NUM_TIME, "mediantime", "The median block time expressed in " + UNIX_EPOCH_TIME},
                    {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "nonce", "The nonce"},
                    {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "bits", "The bits"},
                    {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "difficulty", "The difficulty"},
                    {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "chainwork", "Expected number of hashes required to produce the chain up to this block (in hex)"},
                    {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "nTx", "The number of transactions in the block"},
                    {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "previousblockhash", /*optional=*/true, "The hash of the previous block (if available)"},
                    {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "nextblockhash", /*optional=*/true, "The hash of the next block (if available)"},
                }},
                    RPCResult{"for verbosity = 2",
                RPCResult::Type::OBJ, "", "",
                {
                    {RPCResult::Type::ELISION, "", "Same output as verbosity = 1"},
                    {RPCResult::Type::ARR, "tx", "",
                    {
                        {RPCResult::Type::OBJ, "", "",
                        {
                            {RPCResult::Type::ELISION, "", "The transactions in the format of the getrawtransaction RPC. Different from verbosity = 1 \"tx\" result"},
                            {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "fee", "The transaction fee in " + CURRENCY_UNIT + ", omitted if block undo data is not available"},
                        }},
                    }},
                }},
                    RPCResult{"for verbosity = 3",
                RPCResult::Type::OBJ, "", "",
                {
                    {RPCResult::Type::ELISION, "", "Same output as verbosity = 2"},
                    {RPCResult::Type::ARR, "tx", "",
                    {
                        {RPCResult::Type::OBJ, "", "",
                        {
                            getblock_vin,
                        }},
                    }},
                }},
        },
                RPCExamples{
                    HelpExampleCli("getblock", "\"00000000c937983704a73af28acdec37b049d214adbda81d7e2a3dd146f6ed09\"")
            + HelpExampleRpc("getblock", "\"00000000c937983704a73af28acdec37b049d214adbda81d7e2a3dd146f6ed09\"")
                },
        [&](const RPCHelpMan& self, const JSONRPCRequest& request) -> UniValue
{
    uint256 hash(ParseHashV(request.params[0], "blockhash"));

    int verbosity = 1;
    if (!request.params[1].isNull()) {
        if (request.params[1].isBool()) {
            verbosity = request.params[1].get_bool() ? 1 : 0;
        } else {
            verbosity = request.params[1].getInt<int>();
        }
    }

    const CBlockIndex* pblockindex;
    const CBlockIndex* tip;
    ChainstateManager& chainman = EnsureAnyChainman(request.context);
    {
        LOCK(cs_main);
        pblockindex = chainman.m_blockman.LookupBlockIndex(hash);
        tip = chainman.ActiveChain().Tip();

        if (!pblockindex) {
            throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_ADDRESS_OR_KEY, "Block not found");
        }
    }

    const std::vector<uint8_t> block_data{GetRawBlockChecked(chainman.m_blockman, *pblockindex)};

    if (verbosity <= 0) {
        return HexStr(block_data);
    }

    DataStream block_stream{block_data};
    CBlock block{};
    block_stream >> TX_WITH_WITNESS(block);

    TxVerbosity tx_verbosity;
    if (verbosity == 1) {
        tx_verbosity = TxVerbosity::SHOW_TXID;
    } else if (verbosity == 2) {
        tx_verbosity = TxVerbosity::SHOW_DETAILS;
    } else {
        tx_verbosity = TxVerbosity::SHOW_DETAILS_AND_PREVOUT;
    }

    return blockToJSON(chainman.m_blockman, block, *tip, *pblockindex, tx_verbosity);
},
    };
}

static RPCHelpMan pruneblockchain()
{
    return RPCHelpMan{"pruneblockchain", "",
                {
                    {"height", RPCArg::Type::NUM, RPCArg::Optional::NO, "The block height to prune up to. May be set to a discrete height, or to a " + UNIX_EPOCH_TIME + "\n"
            "                  to prune blocks whose block time is at least 2 hours older than the provided timestamp."},
                },
                RPCResult{
                    RPCResult::Type::NUM, "", "Height of the last block pruned"},
                RPCExamples{
                    HelpExampleCli("pruneblockchain", "1000")
            + HelpExampleRpc("pruneblockchain", "1000")
                },
        [&](const RPCHelpMan& self, const JSONRPCRequest& request) -> UniValue
{
    ChainstateManager& chainman = EnsureAnyChainman(request.context);
    if (!chainman.m_blockman.IsPruneMode()) {
        throw JSONRPCError(RPC_MISC_ERROR, "Cannot prune blocks because node is not in prune mode.");
    }

    LOCK(cs_main);
    Chainstate& active_chainstate = chainman.ActiveChainstate();
    CChain& active_chain = active_chainstate.m_chain;

    int heightParam = request.params[0].getInt<int>();
    if (heightParam < 0) {
        throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_PARAMETER, "Negative block height.");
    }

    // Height value more than a billion is too high to be a block height, and
    // too low to be a block time (corresponds to timestamp from Sep 2001).
    if (heightParam > 1000000000) {
        // Add a 2 hour buffer to include blocks which might have had old timestamps
        const CBlockIndex* pindex = active_chain.FindEarliestAtLeast(heightParam - TIMESTAMP_WINDOW, 0);
        if (!pindex) {
            throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_PARAMETER, "Could not find block with at least the specified timestamp.");
        }
        heightParam = pindex->nHeight;
    }

    unsigned int height = (unsigned int) heightParam;
    unsigned int chainHeight = (unsigned int) active_chain.Height();
    if (chainHeight < chainman.GetParams().PruneAfterHeight()) {
        throw JSONRPCError(RPC_MISC_ERROR, "Blockchain is too short for pruning.");
    } else if (height > chainHeight) {
        throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_PARAMETER, "Blockchain is shorter than the attempted prune height.");
    } else if (height > chainHeight - MIN_BLOCKS_TO_KEEP) {
        LogPrint(BCLog::RPC, "Attempt to prune blocks close to the tip.  Retaining the minimum number of blocks.\n");
        height = chainHeight - MIN_BLOCKS_TO_KEEP;
    }

    PruneBlockFilesManual(active_chainstate, height);
    const CBlockIndex& block{*CHECK_NONFATAL(active_chain.Tip())};
    return block.nStatus & BLOCK_HAVE_DATA ? active_chainstate.m_blockman.GetFirstStoredBlock(block)->nHeight - 1 : block.nHeight;
},
    };
}

CoinStatsHashType ParseHashType(const std::string& hash_type_input)
{
    if (hash_type_input == "hash_serialized_3") {
        return CoinStatsHashType::HASH_SERIALIZED;
    } else if (hash_type_input == "muhash") {
        return CoinStatsHashType::MUHASH;
    } else if (hash_type_input == "none") {
        return CoinStatsHashType::NONE;
    } else {
        throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_PARAMETER, strprintf("'%s' is not a valid hash_type", hash_type_input));
    }
}

/**
 * Calculate statistics about the unspent transaction output set
 *
 * @param[in] index_requested Signals if the coinstatsindex should be used (when available).
 */
static std::optional<kernel::CCoinsStats> GetUTXOStats(CCoinsView* view, node::BlockManager& blockman,
                                                       kernel::CoinStatsHashType hash_type,
                                                       const std::function<void()>& interruption_point = {},
                                                       const CBlockIndex* pindex = nullptr,
                                                       bool index_requested = true)
{
    // Use CoinStatsIndex if it is requested and available and a hash_type of Muhash or None was requested
    if ((hash_type == kernel::CoinStatsHashType::MUHASH || hash_type == kernel::CoinStatsHashType::NONE) && g_coin_stats_index && index_requested) {
        if (pindex) {
            return g_coin_stats_index->LookUpStats(*pindex);
        } else {
            CBlockIndex& block_index = *CHECK_NONFATAL(WITH_LOCK(::cs_main, return blockman.LookupBlockIndex(view->GetBestBlock())));
            return g_coin_stats_index->LookUpStats(block_index);
        }
    }

    // If the coinstats index isn't requested or is otherwise not usable, the
    // pindex should either be null or equal to the view's best block. This is
    // because without the coinstats index we can only get coinstats about the
    // best block.
    CHECK_NONFATAL(!pindex || pindex->GetBlockHash() == view->GetBestBlock());

    return kernel::ComputeUTXOStats(hash_type, view, blockman, interruption_point);
}

static RPCHelpMan gettxoutsetinfo()
{
    return RPCHelpMan{"gettxoutsetinfo",
                "\nReturns statistics about the unspent transaction output set.\n"
                "Note this call may take some time if you are not using coinstatsindex.\n",
                {
                    {"hash_type", RPCArg::Type::STR, RPCArg::Default{"hash_serialized_3"}, "Which UTXO set hash should be calculated. Options: 'hash_serialized_3' (the legacy algorithm), 'muhash', 'none'."},
                    {"hash_or_height", RPCArg::Type::NUM, RPCArg::DefaultHint{"the current best block"}, "The block hash or height of the target height (only available with coinstatsindex).",
                     RPCArgOptions{
                         .skip_type_check = true,
                         .type_str = {"", "string or numeric"},
                     }},
                    {"use_index", RPCArg::Type::BOOL, RPCArg::Default{true}, "Use coinstatsindex, if available."},
                },
                RPCResult{
                    RPCResult::Type::OBJ, "", "",
                    {
                        {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "height", "The block height (index) of the returned statistics"},
                        {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "bestblock", "The hash of the block at which these statistics are calculated"},
                        {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "txouts", "The number of unspent transaction outputs"},
                        {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "bogosize", "Database-independent, meaningless metric indicating the UTXO set size"},
                        {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "hash_serialized_3", /*optional=*/true, "The serialized hash (only present if 'hash_serialized_3' hash_type is chosen)"},
                        {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "muhash", /*optional=*/true, "The serialized hash (only present if 'muhash' hash_type is chosen)"},
                        {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "transactions", /*optional=*/true, "The number of transactions with unspent outputs (not available when coinstatsindex is used)"},
                        {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "disk_size", /*optional=*/true, "The estimated size of the chainstate on disk (not available when coinstatsindex is used)"},
                        {RPCResult::Type::STR_AMOUNT, "total_amount", "The total amount of coins in the UTXO set"},
                        {RPCResult::Type::STR_AMOUNT, "total_unspendable_amount", /*optional=*/true, "The total amount of coins permanently excluded from the UTXO set (only available if coinstatsindex is used)"},
                        {RPCResult::Type::OBJ, "block_info", /*optional=*/true, "Info on amounts in the block at this block height (only available if coinstatsindex is used)",
                        {
                            {RPCResult::Type::STR_AMOUNT, "prevout_spent", "Total amount of all prevouts spent in this block"},
                            {RPCResult::Type::STR_AMOUNT, "coinbase", "Coinbase subsidy amount of this block"},
                            {RPCResult::Type::STR_AMOUNT, "new_outputs_ex_coinbase", "Total amount of new outputs created by this block"},
                            {RPCResult::Type::STR_AMOUNT, "unspendable", "Total amount of unspendable outputs created in this block"},
                            {RPCResult::Type::OBJ, "unspendables", "Detailed view of the unspendable categories",
                            {
                                {RPCResult::Type::STR_AMOUNT, "genesis_block", "The unspendable amount of the Genesis block subsidy"},
                                {RPCResult::Type::STR_AMOUNT, "bip30", "Transactions overridden by duplicates (no longer possible with BIP30)"},
                                {RPCResult::Type::STR_AMOUNT, "scripts", "Amounts sent to scripts that are unspendable (for example OP_RETURN outputs)"},
                                {RPCResult::Type::STR_AMOUNT, "unclaimed_rewards", "Fee rewards that miners did not claim in their coinbase transaction"},
                            }}
                        }},
                    }},
                RPCExamples{
                    HelpExampleCli("gettxoutsetinfo", "") +
                    HelpExampleCli("gettxoutsetinfo", R"("none")") +
                    HelpExampleCli("gettxoutsetinfo", R"("none" 1000)") +
                    HelpExampleCli("gettxoutsetinfo", R"("none" '"00000000c937983704a73af28acdec37b049d214adbda81d7e2a3dd146f6ed09"')") +
                    HelpExampleCli("-named gettxoutsetinfo", R"(hash_type='muhash' use_index='false')") +
                    HelpExampleRpc("gettxoutsetinfo", "") +
                    HelpExampleRpc("gettxoutsetinfo", R"("none")") +
                    HelpExampleRpc("gettxoutsetinfo", R"("none", 1000)") +
                    HelpExampleRpc("gettxoutsetinfo", R"("none", "00000000c937983704a73af28acdec37b049d214adbda81d7e2a3dd146f6ed09")")
                },
        [&](const RPCHelpMan& self, const JSONRPCRequest& request) -> UniValue
{
    UniValue ret(UniValue::VOBJ);

    const CBlockIndex* pindex{nullptr};
    const CoinStatsHashType hash_type{request.params[0].isNull() ? CoinStatsHashType::HASH_SERIALIZED : ParseHashType(request.params[0].get_str())};
    bool index_requested = request.params[2].isNull() || request.params[2].get_bool();

    NodeContext& node = EnsureAnyNodeContext(request.context);
    ChainstateManager& chainman = EnsureChainman(node);
    Chainstate& active_chainstate = chainman.ActiveChainstate();
    active_chainstate.ForceFlushStateToDisk();

    CCoinsView* coins_view;
    BlockManager* blockman;
    {
        LOCK(::cs_main);
        coins_view = &active_chainstate.CoinsDB();
        blockman = &active_chainstate.m_blockman;
        pindex = blockman->LookupBlockIndex(coins_view->GetBestBlock());
    }

    if (!request.params[1].isNull()) {
        if (!g_coin_stats_index) {
            throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_PARAMETER, "Querying specific block heights requires coinstatsindex");
        }

        if (hash_type == CoinStatsHashType::HASH_SERIALIZED) {
            throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_PARAMETER, "hash_serialized_3 hash type cannot be queried for a specific block");
        }

        if (!index_requested) {
            throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_PARAMETER, "Cannot set use_index to false when querying for a specific block");
        }
        pindex = ParseHashOrHeight(request.params[1], chainman);
    }

    if (index_requested && g_coin_stats_index) {
        if (!g_coin_stats_index->BlockUntilSyncedToCurrentChain()) {
            const IndexSummary summary{g_coin_stats_index->GetSummary()};

            // If a specific block was requested and the index has already synced past that height, we can return the
            // data already even though the index is not fully synced yet.
            if (pindex->nHeight > summary.best_block_height) {
                throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INTERNAL_ERROR, strprintf("Unable to get data because coinstatsindex is still syncing. Current height: %d", summary.best_block_height));
            }
        }
    }

    const std::optional<CCoinsStats> maybe_stats = GetUTXOStats(coins_view, *blockman, hash_type, node.rpc_interruption_point, pindex, index_requested);
    if (maybe_stats.has_value()) {
        const CCoinsStats& stats = maybe_stats.value();
        ret.pushKV("height", (int64_t)stats.nHeight);
        ret.pushKV("bestblock", stats.hashBlock.GetHex());
        ret.pushKV("txouts", (int64_t)stats.nTransactionOutputs);
        ret.pushKV("bogosize", (int64_t)stats.nBogoSize);
        if (hash_type == CoinStatsHashType::HASH_SERIALIZED) {
            ret.pushKV("hash_serialized_3", stats.hashSerialized.GetHex());
        }
        if (hash_type == CoinStatsHashType::MUHASH) {
            ret.pushKV("muhash", stats.hashSerialized.GetHex());
        }
        CHECK_NONFATAL(stats.total_amount.has_value());
        ret.pushKV("total_amount", ValueFromAmount(stats.total_amount.value()));
        if (!stats.index_used) {
            ret.pushKV("transactions", static_cast<int64_t>(stats.nTransactions));
            ret.pushKV("disk_size", stats.nDiskSize);
        } else {
            ret.pushKV("total_unspendable_amount", ValueFromAmount(stats.total_unspendable_amount));

            CCoinsStats prev_stats{};
            if (pindex->nHeight > 0) {
                const std::optional<CCoinsStats> maybe_prev_stats = GetUTXOStats(coins_view, *blockman, hash_type, node.rpc_interruption_point, pindex->pprev, index_requested);
                if (!maybe_prev_stats) {
                    throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INTERNAL_ERROR, "Unable to read UTXO set");
                }
                prev_stats = maybe_prev_stats.value();
            }

            UniValue block_info(UniValue::VOBJ);
            block_info.pushKV("prevout_spent", ValueFromAmount(stats.total_prevout_spent_amount - prev_stats.total_prevout_spent_amount));
            block_info.pushKV("coinbase", ValueFromAmount(stats.total_coinbase_amount - prev_stats.total_coinbase_amount));
            block_info.pushKV("new_outputs_ex_coinbase", ValueFromAmount(stats.total_new_outputs_ex_coinbase_amount - prev_stats.total_new_outputs_ex_coinbase_amount));
            block_info.pushKV("unspendable", ValueFromAmount(stats.total_unspendable_amount - prev_stats.total_unspendable_amount));

            UniValue unspendables(UniValue::VOBJ);
            unspendables.pushKV("genesis_block", ValueFromAmount(stats.total_unspendables_genesis_block - prev_stats.total_unspendables_genesis_block));
            unspendables.pushKV("bip30", ValueFromAmount(stats.total_unspendables_bip30 - prev_stats.total_unspendables_bip30));
            unspendables.pushKV("scripts", ValueFromAmount(stats.total_unspendables_scripts - prev_stats.total_unspendables_scripts));
            unspendables.pushKV("unclaimed_rewards", ValueFromAmount(stats.total_unspendables_unclaimed_rewards - prev_stats.total_unspendables_unclaimed_rewards));
            block_info.pushKV("unspendables", std::move(unspendables));

            ret.pushKV("block_info", std::move(block_info));
        }
    } else {
        throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INTERNAL_ERROR, "Unable to read UTXO set");
    }
    return ret;
},
    };
}

static RPCHelpMan gettxout()
{
    return RPCHelpMan{"gettxout",
        "\nReturns details about an unspent transaction output.\n",
        {
            {"txid", RPCArg::Type::STR, RPCArg::Optional::NO, "The transaction id"},
            {"n", RPCArg::Type::NUM, RPCArg::Optional::NO, "vout number"},
            {"include_mempool", RPCArg::Type::BOOL, RPCArg::Default{true}, "Whether to include the mempool. Note that an unspent output that is spent in the mempool won't appear."},
        },
        {
            RPCResult{"If the UTXO was not found", RPCResult::Type::NONE, "", ""},
            RPCResult{"Otherwise", RPCResult::Type::OBJ, "", "", {
                {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "bestblock", "The hash of the block at the tip of the chain"},
                {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "confirmations", "The number of confirmations"},
                {RPCResult::Type::STR_AMOUNT, "value", "The transaction value in " + CURRENCY_UNIT},
                {RPCResult::Type::OBJ, "scriptPubKey", "", {
                    {RPCResult::Type::STR, "asm", "Disassembly of the public key script"},
                    {RPCResult::Type::STR, "desc", "Inferred descriptor for the output"},
                    {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "hex", "The raw public key script bytes, hex-encoded"},
                    {RPCResult::Type::STR, "type", "The type, eg pubkeyhash"},
                    {RPCResult::Type::STR, "address", /*optional=*/true, "The Bitcoin address (only if a well-defined address exists)"},
                }},
                {RPCResult::Type::BOOL, "coinbase", "Coinbase or not"},
            }},
        },
        RPCExamples{
            "\nGet unspent transactions\n"
            + HelpExampleCli("listunspent", "") +
            "\nView the details\n"
            + HelpExampleCli("gettxout", "\"txid\" 1") +
            "\nAs a JSON-RPC call\n"
            + HelpExampleRpc("gettxout", "\"txid\", 1")
                },
        [&](const RPCHelpMan& self, const JSONRPCRequest& request) -> UniValue
{
    NodeContext& node = EnsureAnyNodeContext(request.context);
    ChainstateManager& chainman = EnsureChainman(node);
    LOCK(cs_main);

    UniValue ret(UniValue::VOBJ);

    auto hash{Txid::FromUint256(ParseHashV(request.params[0], "txid"))};
    COutPoint out{hash, request.params[1].getInt<uint32_t>()};
    bool fMempool = true;
    if (!request.params[2].isNull())
        fMempool = request.params[2].get_bool();

    Coin coin;
    Chainstate& active_chainstate = chainman.ActiveChainstate();
    CCoinsViewCache* coins_view = &active_chainstate.CoinsTip();

    if (fMempool) {
        const CTxMemPool& mempool = EnsureMemPool(node);
        LOCK(mempool.cs);
        CCoinsViewMemPool view(coins_view, mempool);
        if (!view.GetCoin(out, coin) || mempool.isSpent(out)) {
            return UniValue::VNULL;
        }
    } else {
        if (!coins_view->GetCoin(out, coin)) {
            return UniValue::VNULL;
        }
    }

    const CBlockIndex* pindex = active_chainstate.m_blockman.LookupBlockIndex(coins_view->GetBestBlock());
    ret.pushKV("bestblock", pindex->GetBlockHash().GetHex());
    if (coin.nHeight == MEMPOOL_HEIGHT) {
        ret.pushKV("confirmations", 0);
    } else {
        ret.pushKV("confirmations", (int64_t)(pindex->nHeight - coin.nHeight + 1));
    }
    ret.pushKV("value", ValueFromAmount(coin.out.nValue));
    UniValue o(UniValue::VOBJ);
    ScriptToUniv(coin.out.scriptPubKey, /*out=*/o, /*include_hex=*/true, /*include_address=*/true);
    ret.pushKV("scriptPubKey", std::move(o));
    ret.pushKV("coinbase", (bool)coin.fCoinBase);

    return ret;
},
    };
}

static RPCHelpMan verifychain()
{
    return RPCHelpMan{"verifychain",
                "\nVerifies blockchain database.\n",
                {
                    {"checklevel", RPCArg::Type::NUM, RPCArg::DefaultHint{strprintf("%d, range=0-4", DEFAULT_CHECKLEVEL)},
                        strprintf("How thorough the block verification is:\n%s", MakeUnorderedList(CHECKLEVEL_DOC))},
                    {"nblocks", RPCArg::Type::NUM, RPCArg::DefaultHint{strprintf("%d, 0=all", DEFAULT_CHECKBLOCKS)}, "The number of blocks to check."},
                },
                RPCResult{
                    RPCResult::Type::BOOL, "", "Verification finished successfully. If false, check debug.log for reason."},
                RPCExamples{
                    HelpExampleCli("verifychain", "")
            + HelpExampleRpc("verifychain", "")
                },
        [&](const RPCHelpMan& self, const JSONRPCRequest& request) -> UniValue
{
    const int check_level{request.params[0].isNull() ? DEFAULT_CHECKLEVEL : request.params[0].getInt<int>()};
    const int check_depth{request.params[1].isNull() ? DEFAULT_CHECKBLOCKS : request.params[1].getInt<int>()};

    ChainstateManager& chainman = EnsureAnyChainman(request.context);
    LOCK(cs_main);

    Chainstate& active_chainstate = chainman.ActiveChainstate();
    return CVerifyDB(chainman.GetNotifications()).VerifyDB(
               active_chainstate, chainman.GetParams().GetConsensus(), active_chainstate.CoinsTip(), check_level, check_depth) == VerifyDBResult::SUCCESS;
},
    };
}

static void SoftForkDescPushBack(const CBlockIndex* blockindex, UniValue& softforks, const ChainstateManager& chainman, Consensus::BuriedDeployment dep)
{
    // For buried deployments.

    if (!DeploymentEnabled(chainman, dep)) return;

    UniValue rv(UniValue::VOBJ);
    rv.pushKV("type", "buried");
    // getdeploymentinfo reports the softfork as active from when the chain height is
    // one below the activation height
    rv.pushKV("active", DeploymentActiveAfter(blockindex, chainman, dep));
    rv.pushKV("height", chainman.GetConsensus().DeploymentHeight(dep));
    softforks.pushKV(DeploymentName(dep), std::move(rv));
}

static void SoftForkDescPushBack(const CBlockIndex* blockindex, UniValue& softforks, const ChainstateManager& chainman, Consensus::DeploymentPos id)
{
    // For BIP9 deployments.

    if (!DeploymentEnabled(chainman, id)) return;
    if (blockindex == nullptr) return;

    auto get_state_name = [](const ThresholdState state) -> std::string {
        switch (state) {
        case ThresholdState::DEFINED: return "defined";
        case ThresholdState::STARTED: return "started";
        case ThresholdState::LOCKED_IN: return "locked_in";
        case ThresholdState::ACTIVE: return "active";
        case ThresholdState::FAILED: return "failed";
        }
        return "invalid";
    };

    UniValue bip9(UniValue::VOBJ);

    const ThresholdState next_state = chainman.m_versionbitscache.State(blockindex, chainman.GetConsensus(), id);
    const ThresholdState current_state = chainman.m_versionbitscache.State(blockindex->pprev, chainman.GetConsensus(), id);

    const bool has_signal = (ThresholdState::STARTED == current_state || ThresholdState::LOCKED_IN == current_state);

    // BIP9 parameters
    if (has_signal) {
        bip9.pushKV("bit", chainman.GetConsensus().vDeployments[id].bit);
    }
    bip9.pushKV("start_time", chainman.GetConsensus().vDeployments[id].nStartTime);
    bip9.pushKV("timeout", chainman.GetConsensus().vDeployments[id].nTimeout);
    bip9.pushKV("min_activation_height", chainman.GetConsensus().vDeployments[id].min_activation_height);

    // BIP9 status
    bip9.pushKV("status", get_state_name(current_state));
    bip9.pushKV("since", chainman.m_versionbitscache.StateSinceHeight(blockindex->pprev, chainman.GetConsensus(), id));
    bip9.pushKV("status_next", get_state_name(next_state));

    // BIP9 signalling status, if applicable
    if (has_signal) {
        UniValue statsUV(UniValue::VOBJ);
        std::vector<bool> signals;
        BIP9Stats statsStruct = chainman.m_versionbitscache.Statistics(blockindex, chainman.GetConsensus(), id, &signals);
        statsUV.pushKV("period", statsStruct.period);
        statsUV.pushKV("elapsed", statsStruct.elapsed);
        statsUV.pushKV("count", statsStruct.count);
        if (ThresholdState::LOCKED_IN != current_state) {
            statsUV.pushKV("threshold", statsStruct.threshold);
            statsUV.pushKV("possible", statsStruct.possible);
        }
        bip9.pushKV("statistics", std::move(statsUV));

        std::string sig;
        sig.reserve(signals.size());
        for (const bool s : signals) {
            sig.push_back(s ? '#' : '-');
        }
        bip9.pushKV("signalling", sig);
    }

    UniValue rv(UniValue::VOBJ);
    rv.pushKV("type", "bip9");
    if (ThresholdState::ACTIVE == next_state) {
        rv.pushKV("height", chainman.m_versionbitscache.StateSinceHeight(blockindex, chainman.GetConsensus(), id));
    }
    rv.pushKV("active", ThresholdState::ACTIVE == next_state);
    rv.pushKV("bip9", std::move(bip9));

    softforks.pushKV(DeploymentName(id), std::move(rv));
}

// used by rest.cpp:rest_chaininfo, so cannot be static
RPCHelpMan getblockchaininfo()
{
    return RPCHelpMan{"getblockchaininfo",
        "Returns an object containing various state info regarding blockchain processing.\n",
        {},
        RPCResult{
            RPCResult::Type::OBJ, "", "",
            {
                {RPCResult::Type::STR, "chain", "current network name (main, test, signet, regtest)"},
                {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "blocks", "the height of the most-work fully-validated chain. The genesis block has height 0"},
                {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "headers", "the current number of headers we have validated"},
                {RPCResult::Type::STR, "bestblockhash", "the hash of the currently best block"},
                {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "difficulty", "the current difficulty"},
                {RPCResult::Type::NUM_TIME, "time", "The block time expressed in " + UNIX_EPOCH_TIME},
                {RPCResult::Type::NUM_TIME, "mediantime", "The median block time expressed in " + UNIX_EPOCH_TIME},
                {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "verificationprogress", "estimate of verification progress [0..1]"},
                {RPCResult::Type::BOOL, "initialblockdownload", "(debug information) estimate of whether this node is in Initial Block Download mode"},
                {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "chainwork", "total amount of work in active chain, in hexadecimal"},
                {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "size_on_disk", "the estimated size of the block and undo files on disk"},
                {RPCResult::Type::BOOL, "pruned", "if the blocks are subject to pruning"},
                {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "pruneheight", /*optional=*/true, "height of the last block pruned, plus one (only present if pruning is enabled)"},
                {RPCResult::Type::BOOL, "automatic_pruning", /*optional=*/true, "whether automatic pruning is enabled (only present if pruning is enabled)"},
                {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "prune_target_size", /*optional=*/true, "the target size used by pruning (only present if automatic pruning is enabled)"},
                (IsDeprecatedRPCEnabled("warnings") ?
                    RPCResult{RPCResult::Type::STR, "warnings", "any network and blockchain warnings (DEPRECATED)"} :
                    RPCResult{RPCResult::Type::ARR, "warnings", "any network and blockchain warnings (run with `-deprecatedrpc=warnings` to return the latest warning as a single string)",
                    {
                        {RPCResult::Type::STR, "", "warning"},
                    }
                    }
                ),
            }},
        RPCExamples{
            HelpExampleCli("getblockchaininfo", "")
            + HelpExampleRpc("getblockchaininfo", "")
        },
        [&](const RPCHelpMan& self, const JSONRPCRequest& request) -> UniValue
{
    ChainstateManager& chainman = EnsureAnyChainman(request.context);
    LOCK(cs_main);
    Chainstate& active_chainstate = chainman.ActiveChainstate();

    const CBlockIndex& tip{*CHECK_NONFATAL(active_chainstate.m_chain.Tip())};
    const int height{tip.nHeight};
    UniValue obj(UniValue::VOBJ);
    obj.pushKV("chain", chainman.GetParams().GetChainTypeString());
    obj.pushKV("blocks", height);
    obj.pushKV("headers", chainman.m_best_header ? chainman.m_best_header->nHeight : -1);
    obj.pushKV("bestblockhash", tip.GetBlockHash().GetHex());
    obj.pushKV("difficulty", GetDifficulty(tip));
    obj.pushKV("time", tip.GetBlockTime());
    obj.pushKV("mediantime", tip.GetMedianTimePast());
    obj.pushKV("verificationprogress", GuessVerificationProgress(chainman.GetParams().TxData(), &tip));
    obj.pushKV("initialblockdownload", chainman.IsInitialBlockDownload());
    obj.pushKV("chainwork", tip.nChainWork.GetHex());
    obj.pushKV("size_on_disk", chainman.m_blockman.CalculateCurrentUsage());
    obj.pushKV("pruned", chainman.m_blockman.IsPruneMode());
    if (chainman.m_blockman.IsPruneMode()) {
        bool has_tip_data = tip.nStatus & BLOCK_HAVE_DATA;
        obj.pushKV("pruneheight", has_tip_data ? chainman.m_blockman.GetFirstStoredBlock(tip)->nHeight : tip.nHeight + 1);

        const bool automatic_pruning{chainman.m_blockman.GetPruneTarget() != BlockManager::PRUNE_TARGET_MANUAL};
        obj.pushKV("automatic_pruning",  automatic_pruning);
        if (automatic_pruning) {
            obj.pushKV("prune_target_size", chainman.m_blockman.GetPruneTarget());
        }
    }

    obj.pushKV("warnings", GetNodeWarnings(IsDeprecatedRPCEnabled("warnings")));
    return obj;
},
    };
}

namespace {
const std::vector<RPCResult> RPCHelpForDeployment{
    {RPCResult::Type::STR, "type", "one of \"buried\", \"bip9\""},
    {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "height", /*optional=*/true, "height of the first block which the rules are or will be enforced (only for \"buried\" type, or \"bip9\" type with \"active\" status)"},
    {RPCResult::Type::BOOL, "active", "true if the rules are enforced for the mempool and the next block"},
    {RPCResult::Type::OBJ, "bip9", /*optional=*/true, "status of bip9 softforks (only for \"bip9\" type)",
    {
        {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "bit", /*optional=*/true, "the bit (0-28) in the block version field used to signal this softfork (only for \"started\" and \"locked_in\" status)"},
        {RPCResult::Type::NUM_TIME, "start_time", "the minimum median time past of a block at which the bit gains its meaning"},
        {RPCResult::Type::NUM_TIME, "timeout", "the median time past of a block at which the deployment is considered failed if not yet locked in"},
        {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "min_activation_height", "minimum height of blocks for which the rules may be enforced"},
        {RPCResult::Type::STR, "status", "status of deployment at specified block (one of \"defined\", \"started\", \"locked_in\", \"active\", \"failed\")"},
        {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "since", "height of the first block to which the status applies"},
        {RPCResult::Type::STR, "status_next", "status of deployment at the next block"},
        {RPCResult::Type::OBJ, "statistics", /*optional=*/true, "numeric statistics about signalling for a softfork (only for \"started\" and \"locked_in\" status)",
        {
            {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "period", "the length in blocks of the signalling period"},
            {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "threshold", /*optional=*/true, "the number of blocks with the version bit set required to activate the feature (only for \"started\" status)"},
            {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "elapsed", "the number of blocks elapsed since the beginning of the current period"},
            {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "count", "the number of blocks with the version bit set in the current period"},
            {RPCResult::Type::BOOL, "possible", /*optional=*/true, "returns false if there are not enough blocks left in this period to pass activation threshold (only for \"started\" status)"},
        }},
        {RPCResult::Type::STR, "signalling", /*optional=*/true, "indicates blocks that signalled with a # and blocks that did not with a -"},
    }},
};

UniValue DeploymentInfo(const CBlockIndex* blockindex, const ChainstateManager& chainman)
{
    UniValue softforks(UniValue::VOBJ);
    SoftForkDescPushBack(blockindex, softforks, chainman, Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_HEIGHTINCB);
    SoftForkDescPushBack(blockindex, softforks, chainman, Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_DERSIG);
    SoftForkDescPushBack(blockindex, softforks, chainman, Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_CLTV);
    SoftForkDescPushBack(blockindex, softforks, chainman, Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_CSV);
    SoftForkDescPushBack(blockindex, softforks, chainman, Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_SEGWIT);
    SoftForkDescPushBack(blockindex, softforks, chainman, Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_TESTDUMMY);
    SoftForkDescPushBack(blockindex, softforks, chainman, Consensus::DEPLOYMENT_TAPROOT);
    return softforks;
}
} // anon namespace

RPCHelpMan getdeploymentinfo()
{
    return RPCHelpMan{"getdeploymentinfo",
        "Returns an object containing various state info regarding deployments of consensus changes.",
        {
            {"blockhash", RPCArg::Type::STR_HEX, RPCArg::Default{"hash of current chain tip"}, "The block hash at which to query deployment state"},
        },
        RPCResult{
            RPCResult::Type::OBJ, "", "", {
                {RPCResult::Type::STR, "hash", "requested block hash (or tip)"},
                {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "height", "requested block height (or tip)"},
                {RPCResult::Type::OBJ_DYN, "deployments", "", {
                    {RPCResult::Type::OBJ, "xxxx", "name of the deployment", RPCHelpForDeployment}
                }},
            }
        },
        RPCExamples{ HelpExampleCli("getdeploymentinfo", "") + HelpExampleRpc("getdeploymentinfo", "") },
        [&](const RPCHelpMan& self, const JSONRPCRequest& request) -> UniValue
        {
            const ChainstateManager& chainman = EnsureAnyChainman(request.context);
            LOCK(cs_main);
            const Chainstate& active_chainstate = chainman.ActiveChainstate();

            const CBlockIndex* blockindex;
            if (request.params[0].isNull()) {
                blockindex = CHECK_NONFATAL(active_chainstate.m_chain.Tip());
            } else {
                const uint256 hash(ParseHashV(request.params[0], "blockhash"));
                blockindex = chainman.m_blockman.LookupBlockIndex(hash);
                if (!blockindex) {
                    throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_ADDRESS_OR_KEY, "Block not found");
                }
            }

            UniValue deploymentinfo(UniValue::VOBJ);
            deploymentinfo.pushKV("hash", blockindex->GetBlockHash().ToString());
            deploymentinfo.pushKV("height", blockindex->nHeight);
            deploymentinfo.pushKV("deployments", DeploymentInfo(blockindex, chainman));
            return deploymentinfo;
        },
    };
}

/** Comparison function for sorting the getchaintips heads.  */
struct CompareBlocksByHeight
{
    bool operator()(const CBlockIndex* a, const CBlockIndex* b) const
    {
        /* Make sure that unequal blocks with the same height do not compare
           equal. Use the pointers themselves to make a distinction. */

        if (a->nHeight != b->nHeight)
          return (a->nHeight > b->nHeight);

        return a < b;
    }
};

static RPCHelpMan getchaintips()
{
    return RPCHelpMan{"getchaintips",
                "Return information about all known tips in the block tree,"
                " including the main chain as well as orphaned branches.\n",
                {},
                RPCResult{
                    RPCResult::Type::ARR, "", "",
                    {{RPCResult::Type::OBJ, "", "",
                        {
                            {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "height", "height of the chain tip"},
                            {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "hash", "block hash of the tip"},
                            {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "branchlen", "zero for main chain, otherwise length of branch connecting the tip to the main chain"},
                            {RPCResult::Type::STR, "status", "status of the chain, \"active\" for the main chain\n"
            "Possible values for status:\n"
            "1.  \"invalid\"               This branch contains at least one invalid block\n"
            "2.  \"headers-only\"          Not all blocks for this branch are available, but the headers are valid\n"
            "3.  \"valid-headers\"         All blocks are available for this branch, but they were never fully validated\n"
            "4.  \"valid-fork\"            This branch is not part of the active chain, but is fully validated\n"
            "5.  \"active\"                This is the tip of the active main chain, which is certainly valid"},
                        }}}},
                RPCExamples{
                    HelpExampleCli("getchaintips", "")
            + HelpExampleRpc("getchaintips", "")
                },
        [&](const RPCHelpMan& self, const JSONRPCRequest& request) -> UniValue
{
    ChainstateManager& chainman = EnsureAnyChainman(request.context);
    LOCK(cs_main);
    CChain& active_chain = chainman.ActiveChain();

    /*
     * Idea: The set of chain tips is the active chain tip, plus orphan blocks which do not have another orphan building off of them.
     * Algorithm:
     *  - Make one pass through BlockIndex(), picking out the orphan blocks, and also storing a set of the orphan block's pprev pointers.
     *  - Iterate through the orphan blocks. If the block isn't pointed to by another orphan, it is a chain tip.
     *  - Add the active chain tip
     */
    std::set<const CBlockIndex*, CompareBlocksByHeight> setTips;
    std::set<const CBlockIndex*> setOrphans;
    std::set<const CBlockIndex*> setPrevs;

    for (const auto& [_, block_index] : chainman.BlockIndex()) {
        if (!active_chain.Contains(&block_index)) {
            setOrphans.insert(&block_index);
            setPrevs.insert(block_index.pprev);
        }
    }

    for (std::set<const CBlockIndex*>::iterator it = setOrphans.begin(); it != setOrphans.end(); ++it) {
        if (setPrevs.erase(*it) == 0) {
            setTips.insert(*it);
        }
    }

    // Always report the currently active tip.
    setTips.insert(active_chain.Tip());

    /* Construct the output array.  */
    UniValue res(UniValue::VARR);
    for (const CBlockIndex* block : setTips) {
        UniValue obj(UniValue::VOBJ);
        obj.pushKV("height", block->nHeight);
        obj.pushKV("hash", block->phashBlock->GetHex());

        const int branchLen = block->nHeight - active_chain.FindFork(block)->nHeight;
        obj.pushKV("branchlen", branchLen);

        std::string status;
        if (active_chain.Contains(block)) {
            // This block is part of the currently active chain.
            status = "active";
        } else if (block->nStatus & BLOCK_FAILED_MASK) {
            // This block or one of its ancestors is invalid.
            status = "invalid";
        } else if (!block->HaveNumChainTxs()) {
            // This block cannot be connected because full block data for it or one of its parents is missing.
            status = "headers-only";
        } else if (block->IsValid(BLOCK_VALID_SCRIPTS)) {
            // This block is fully validated, but no longer part of the active chain. It was probably the active block once, but was reorganized.
            status = "valid-fork";
        } else if (block->IsValid(BLOCK_VALID_TREE)) {
            // The headers for this block are valid, but it has not been validated. It was probably never part of the most-work chain.
            status = "valid-headers";
        } else {
            // No clue.
            status = "unknown";
        }
        obj.pushKV("status", status);

        res.push_back(std::move(obj));
    }

    return res;
},
    };
}

static RPCHelpMan preciousblock()
{
    return RPCHelpMan{"preciousblock",
                "\nTreats a block as if it were received before others with the same work.\n"
                "\nA later preciousblock call can override the effect of an earlier one.\n"
                "\nThe effects of preciousblock are not retained across restarts.\n",
                {
                    {"blockhash", RPCArg::Type::STR_HEX, RPCArg::Optional::NO, "the hash of the block to mark as precious"},
                },
                RPCResult{RPCResult::Type::NONE, "", ""},
                RPCExamples{
                    HelpExampleCli("preciousblock", "\"blockhash\"")
            + HelpExampleRpc("preciousblock", "\"blockhash\"")
                },
        [&](const RPCHelpMan& self, const JSONRPCRequest& request) -> UniValue
{
    uint256 hash(ParseHashV(request.params[0], "blockhash"));
    CBlockIndex* pblockindex;

    ChainstateManager& chainman = EnsureAnyChainman(request.context);
    {
        LOCK(cs_main);
        pblockindex = chainman.m_blockman.LookupBlockIndex(hash);
        if (!pblockindex) {
            throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_ADDRESS_OR_KEY, "Block not found");
        }
    }

    BlockValidationState state;
    chainman.ActiveChainstate().PreciousBlock(state, pblockindex);

    if (!state.IsValid()) {
        throw JSONRPCError(RPC_DATABASE_ERROR, state.ToString());
    }

    return UniValue::VNULL;
},
    };
}

static RPCHelpMan invalidateblock()
{
    return RPCHelpMan{"invalidateblock",
                "\nPermanently marks a block as invalid, as if it violated a consensus rule.\n",
                {
                    {"blockhash", RPCArg::Type::STR_HEX, RPCArg::Optional::NO, "the hash of the block to mark as invalid"},
                },
                RPCResult{RPCResult::Type::NONE, "", ""},
                RPCExamples{
                    HelpExampleCli("invalidateblock", "\"blockhash\"")
            + HelpExampleRpc("invalidateblock", "\"blockhash\"")
                },
        [&](const RPCHelpMan& self, const JSONRPCRequest& request) -> UniValue
{
    uint256 hash(ParseHashV(request.params[0], "blockhash"));
    BlockValidationState state;

    ChainstateManager& chainman = EnsureAnyChainman(request.context);
    CBlockIndex* pblockindex;
    {
        LOCK(cs_main);
        pblockindex = chainman.m_blockman.LookupBlockIndex(hash);
        if (!pblockindex) {
            throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_ADDRESS_OR_KEY, "Block not found");
        }
    }
    chainman.ActiveChainstate().InvalidateBlock(state, pblockindex);

    if (state.IsValid()) {
        chainman.ActiveChainstate().ActivateBestChain(state);
    }

    if (!state.IsValid()) {
        throw JSONRPCError(RPC_DATABASE_ERROR, state.ToString());
    }

    return UniValue::VNULL;
},
    };
}

static RPCHelpMan reconsiderblock()
{
    return RPCHelpMan{"reconsiderblock",
                "\nRemoves invalidity status of a block, its ancestors and its descendants, reconsider them for activation.\n"
                "This can be used to undo the effects of invalidateblock.\n",
                {
                    {"blockhash", RPCArg::Type::STR_HEX, RPCArg::Optional::NO, "the hash of the block to reconsider"},
                },
                RPCResult{RPCResult::Type::NONE, "", ""},
                RPCExamples{
                    HelpExampleCli("reconsiderblock", "\"blockhash\"")
            + HelpExampleRpc("reconsiderblock", "\"blockhash\"")
                },
        [&](const RPCHelpMan& self, const JSONRPCRequest& request) -> UniValue
{
    ChainstateManager& chainman = EnsureAnyChainman(request.context);
    uint256 hash(ParseHashV(request.params[0], "blockhash"));

    {
        LOCK(cs_main);
        CBlockIndex* pblockindex = chainman.m_blockman.LookupBlockIndex(hash);
        if (!pblockindex) {
            throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_ADDRESS_OR_KEY, "Block not found");
        }

        chainman.ActiveChainstate().ResetBlockFailureFlags(pblockindex);
    }

    BlockValidationState state;
    chainman.ActiveChainstate().ActivateBestChain(state);

    if (!state.IsValid()) {
        throw JSONRPCError(RPC_DATABASE_ERROR, state.ToString());
    }

    return UniValue::VNULL;
},
    };
}

static RPCHelpMan getchaintxstats()
{
    return RPCHelpMan{"getchaintxstats",
                "\nCompute statistics about the total number and rate of transactions in the chain.\n",
                {
                    {"nblocks", RPCArg::Type::NUM, RPCArg::DefaultHint{"one month"}, "Size of the window in number of blocks"},
                    {"blockhash", RPCArg::Type::STR_HEX, RPCArg::DefaultHint{"chain tip"}, "The hash of the block that ends the window."},
                },
                RPCResult{
                    RPCResult::Type::OBJ, "", "",
                    {
                        {RPCResult::Type::NUM_TIME, "time", "The timestamp for the final block in the window, expressed in " + UNIX_EPOCH_TIME},
                        {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "txcount", "The total number of transactions in the chain up to that point"},
                        {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "window_final_block_hash", "The hash of the final block in the window"},
                        {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "window_final_block_height", "The height of the final block in the window."},
                        {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "window_block_count", "Size of the window in number of blocks"},
                        {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "window_tx_count", /*optional=*/true, "The number of transactions in the window. Only returned if \"window_block_count\" is > 0"},
                        {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "window_interval", /*optional=*/true, "The elapsed time in the window in seconds. Only returned if \"window_block_count\" is > 0"},
                        {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "txrate", /*optional=*/true, "The average rate of transactions per second in the window. Only returned if \"window_interval\" is > 0"},
                    }},
                RPCExamples{
                    HelpExampleCli("getchaintxstats", "")
            + HelpExampleRpc("getchaintxstats", "2016")
                },
        [&](const RPCHelpMan& self, const JSONRPCRequest& request) -> UniValue
{
    ChainstateManager& chainman = EnsureAnyChainman(request.context);
    const CBlockIndex* pindex;
    int blockcount = 30 * 24 * 60 * 60 / chainman.GetParams().GetConsensus().nPowTargetSpacing; // By default: 1 month

    if (request.params[1].isNull()) {
        LOCK(cs_main);
        pindex = chainman.ActiveChain().Tip();
    } else {
        uint256 hash(ParseHashV(request.params[1], "blockhash"));
        LOCK(cs_main);
        pindex = chainman.m_blockman.LookupBlockIndex(hash);
        if (!pindex) {
            throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_ADDRESS_OR_KEY, "Block not found");
        }
        if (!chainman.ActiveChain().Contains(pindex)) {
            throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_PARAMETER, "Block is not in main chain");
        }
    }

    CHECK_NONFATAL(pindex != nullptr);

    if (request.params[0].isNull()) {
        blockcount = std::max(0, std::min(blockcount, pindex->nHeight - 1));
    } else {
        blockcount = request.params[0].getInt<int>();

        if (blockcount < 0 || (blockcount > 0 && blockcount >= pindex->nHeight)) {
            throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_PARAMETER, "Invalid block count: should be between 0 and the block's height - 1");
        }
    }

    const CBlockIndex& past_block{*CHECK_NONFATAL(pindex->GetAncestor(pindex->nHeight - blockcount))};
    const int64_t nTimeDiff{pindex->GetMedianTimePast() - past_block.GetMedianTimePast()};
    const int nTxDiff = pindex->nChainTx - past_block.nChainTx;

    UniValue ret(UniValue::VOBJ);
    ret.pushKV("time", (int64_t)pindex->nTime);
    ret.pushKV("txcount", (int64_t)pindex->nChainTx);
    ret.pushKV("window_final_block_hash", pindex->GetBlockHash().GetHex());
    ret.pushKV("window_final_block_height", pindex->nHeight);
    ret.pushKV("window_block_count", blockcount);
    if (blockcount > 0) {
        ret.pushKV("window_tx_count", nTxDiff);
        ret.pushKV("window_interval", nTimeDiff);
        if (nTimeDiff > 0) {
            ret.pushKV("txrate", ((double)nTxDiff) / nTimeDiff);
        }
    }

    return ret;
},
    };
}

template<typename T>
static T CalculateTruncatedMedian(std::vector<T>& scores)
{
    size_t size = scores.size();
    if (size == 0) {
        return 0;
    }

    std::sort(scores.begin(), scores.end());
    if (size % 2 == 0) {
        return (scores[size / 2 - 1] + scores[size / 2]) / 2;
    } else {
        return scores[size / 2];
    }
}

void CalculatePercentilesByWeight(CAmount result[NUM_GETBLOCKSTATS_PERCENTILES], std::vector<std::pair<CAmount, int64_t>>& scores, int64_t total_weight)
{
    if (scores.empty()) {
        return;
    }

    std::sort(scores.begin(), scores.end());

    // 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentile weight units.
    const double weights[NUM_GETBLOCKSTATS_PERCENTILES] = {
        total_weight / 10.0, total_weight / 4.0, total_weight / 2.0, (total_weight * 3.0) / 4.0, (total_weight * 9.0) / 10.0
    };

    int64_t next_percentile_index = 0;
    int64_t cumulative_weight = 0;
    for (const auto& element : scores) {
        cumulative_weight += element.second;
        while (next_percentile_index < NUM_GETBLOCKSTATS_PERCENTILES && cumulative_weight >= weights[next_percentile_index]) {
            result[next_percentile_index] = element.first;
            ++next_percentile_index;
        }
    }

    // Fill any remaining percentiles with the last value.
    for (int64_t i = next_percentile_index; i < NUM_GETBLOCKSTATS_PERCENTILES; i++) {
        result[i] = scores.back().first;
    }
}

template<typename T>
static inline bool SetHasKeys(const std::set<T>& set) {return false;}
template<typename T, typename Tk, typename... Args>
static inline bool SetHasKeys(const std::set<T>& set, const Tk& key, const Args&... args)
{
    return (set.count(key) != 0) || SetHasKeys(set, args...);
}

// outpoint (needed for the utxo index) + nHeight + fCoinBase
static constexpr size_t PER_UTXO_OVERHEAD = sizeof(COutPoint) + sizeof(uint32_t) + sizeof(bool);

static RPCHelpMan getblockstats()
{
    return RPCHelpMan{"getblockstats",
                "\nCompute per block statistics for a given window. All amounts are in satoshis.\n"
                "It won't work for some heights with pruning.\n",
                {
                    {"hash_or_height", RPCArg::Type::NUM, RPCArg::Optional::NO, "The block hash or height of the target block",
                     RPCArgOptions{
                         .skip_type_check = true,
                         .type_str = {"", "string or numeric"},
                     }},
                    {"stats", RPCArg::Type::ARR, RPCArg::DefaultHint{"all values"}, "Values to plot (see result below)",
                        {
                            {"height", RPCArg::Type::STR, RPCArg::Optional::OMITTED, "Selected statistic"},
                            {"time", RPCArg::Type::STR, RPCArg::Optional::OMITTED, "Selected statistic"},
                        },
                        RPCArgOptions{.oneline_description="stats"}},
                },
                RPCResult{
            RPCResult::Type::OBJ, "", "",
            {
                {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "avgfee", /*optional=*/true, "Average fee in the block"},
                {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "avgfeerate", /*optional=*/true, "Average feerate (in satoshis per virtual byte)"},
                {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "avgtxsize", /*optional=*/true, "Average transaction size"},
                {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "blockhash", /*optional=*/true, "The block hash (to check for potential reorgs)"},
                {RPCResult::Type::ARR_FIXED, "feerate_percentiles", /*optional=*/true, "Feerates at the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentile weight unit (in satoshis per virtual byte)",
                {
                    {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "10th_percentile_feerate", "The 10th percentile feerate"},
                    {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "25th_percentile_feerate", "The 25th percentile feerate"},
                    {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "50th_percentile_feerate", "The 50th percentile feerate"},
                    {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "75th_percentile_feerate", "The 75th percentile feerate"},
                    {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "90th_percentile_feerate", "The 90th percentile feerate"},
                }},
                {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "height", /*optional=*/true, "The height of the block"},
                {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "ins", /*optional=*/true, "The number of inputs (excluding coinbase)"},
                {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "maxfee", /*optional=*/true, "Maximum fee in the block"},
                {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "maxfeerate", /*optional=*/true, "Maximum feerate (in satoshis per virtual byte)"},
                {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "maxtxsize", /*optional=*/true, "Maximum transaction size"},
                {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "medianfee", /*optional=*/true, "Truncated median fee in the block"},
                {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "mediantime", /*optional=*/true, "The block median time past"},
                {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "mediantxsize", /*optional=*/true, "Truncated median transaction size"},
                {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "minfee", /*optional=*/true, "Minimum fee in the block"},
                {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "minfeerate", /*optional=*/true, "Minimum feerate (in satoshis per virtual byte)"},
                {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "mintxsize", /*optional=*/true, "Minimum transaction size"},
                {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "outs", /*optional=*/true, "The number of outputs"},
                {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "subsidy", /*optional=*/true, "The block subsidy"},
                {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "swtotal_size", /*optional=*/true, "Total size of all segwit transactions"},
                {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "swtotal_weight", /*optional=*/true, "Total weight of all segwit transactions"},
                {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "swtxs", /*optional=*/true, "The number of segwit transactions"},
                {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "time", /*optional=*/true, "The block time"},
                {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "total_out", /*optional=*/true, "Total amount in all outputs (excluding coinbase and thus reward [ie subsidy + totalfee])"},
                {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "total_size", /*optional=*/true, "Total size of all non-coinbase transactions"},
                {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "total_weight", /*optional=*/true, "Total weight of all non-coinbase transactions"},
                {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "totalfee", /*optional=*/true, "The fee total"},
                {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "txs", /*optional=*/true, "The number of transactions (including coinbase)"},
                {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "utxo_increase", /*optional=*/true, "The increase/decrease in the number of unspent outputs (not discounting op_return and similar)"},
                {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "utxo_size_inc", /*optional=*/true, "The increase/decrease in size for the utxo index (not discounting op_return and similar)"},
                {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "utxo_increase_actual", /*optional=*/true, "The increase/decrease in the number of unspent outputs, not counting unspendables"},
                {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "utxo_size_inc_actual", /*optional=*/true, "The increase/decrease in size for the utxo index, not counting unspendables"},
            }},
                RPCExamples{
                    HelpExampleCli("getblockstats", R"('"00000000c937983704a73af28acdec37b049d214adbda81d7e2a3dd146f6ed09"' '["minfeerate","avgfeerate"]')") +
                    HelpExampleCli("getblockstats", R"(1000 '["minfeerate","avgfeerate"]')") +
                    HelpExampleRpc("getblockstats", R"("00000000c937983704a73af28acdec37b049d214adbda81d7e2a3dd146f6ed09", ["minfeerate","avgfeerate"])") +
                    HelpExampleRpc("getblockstats", R"(1000, ["minfeerate","avgfeerate"])")
                },
        [&](const RPCHelpMan& self, const JSONRPCRequest& request) -> UniValue
{
    ChainstateManager& chainman = EnsureAnyChainman(request.context);
    const CBlockIndex& pindex{*CHECK_NONFATAL(ParseHashOrHeight(request.params[0], chainman))};

    std::set<std::string> stats;
    if (!request.params[1].isNull()) {
        const UniValue stats_univalue = request.params[1].get_array();
        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < stats_univalue.size(); i++) {
            const std::string stat = stats_univalue[i].get_str();
            stats.insert(stat);
        }
    }

    const CBlock& block = GetBlockChecked(chainman.m_blockman, pindex);
    const CBlockUndo& blockUndo = GetUndoChecked(chainman.m_blockman, pindex);

    const bool do_all = stats.size() == 0; // Calculate everything if nothing selected (default)
    const bool do_mediantxsize = do_all || stats.count("mediantxsize") != 0;
    const bool do_medianfee = do_all || stats.count("medianfee") != 0;
    const bool do_feerate_percentiles = do_all || stats.count("feerate_percentiles") != 0;
    const bool loop_inputs = do_all || do_medianfee || do_feerate_percentiles ||
        SetHasKeys(stats, "utxo_increase", "utxo_increase_actual", "utxo_size_inc", "utxo_size_inc_actual", "totalfee", "avgfee", "avgfeerate", "minfee", "maxfee", "minfeerate", "maxfeerate");
    const bool loop_outputs = do_all || loop_inputs || stats.count("total_out");
    const bool do_calculate_size = do_mediantxsize ||
        SetHasKeys(stats, "total_size", "avgtxsize", "mintxsize", "maxtxsize", "swtotal_size");
    const bool do_calculate_weight = do_all || SetHasKeys(stats, "total_weight", "avgfeerate", "swtotal_weight", "avgfeerate", "feerate_percentiles", "minfeerate", "maxfeerate");
    const bool do_calculate_sw = do_all || SetHasKeys(stats, "swtxs", "swtotal_size", "swtotal_weight");

    CAmount maxfee = 0;
    CAmount maxfeerate = 0;
    CAmount minfee = MAX_MONEY;
    CAmount minfeerate = MAX_MONEY;
    CAmount total_out = 0;
    CAmount totalfee = 0;
    int64_t inputs = 0;
    int64_t maxtxsize = 0;
    int64_t mintxsize = MAX_BLOCK_SERIALIZED_SIZE;
    int64_t outputs = 0;
    int64_t swtotal_size = 0;
    int64_t swtotal_weight = 0;
    int64_t swtxs = 0;
    int64_t total_size = 0;
    int64_t total_weight = 0;
    int64_t utxos = 0;
    int64_t utxo_size_inc = 0;
    int64_t utxo_size_inc_actual = 0;
    std::vector<CAmount> fee_array;
    std::vector<std::pair<CAmount, int64_t>> feerate_array;
    std::vector<int64_t> txsize_array;

    for (size_t i = 0; i < block.vtx.size(); ++i) {
        const auto& tx = block.vtx.at(i);
        outputs += tx->vout.size();

        CAmount tx_total_out = 0;
        if (loop_outputs) {
            for (const CTxOut& out : tx->vout) {
                tx_total_out += out.nValue;

                size_t out_size = GetSerializeSize(out) + PER_UTXO_OVERHEAD;
                utxo_size_inc += out_size;

                // The Genesis block and the repeated BIP30 block coinbases don't change the UTXO
                // set counts, so they have to be excluded from the statistics
                if (pindex.nHeight == 0 || (IsBIP30Repeat(pindex) && tx->IsCoinBase())) continue;
                // Skip unspendable outputs since they are not included in the UTXO set
                if (out.scriptPubKey.IsUnspendable()) continue;

                ++utxos;
                utxo_size_inc_actual += out_size;
            }
        }

        if (tx->IsCoinBase()) {
            continue;
        }

        inputs += tx->vin.size(); // Don't count coinbase's fake input
        total_out += tx_total_out; // Don't count coinbase reward

        int64_t tx_size = 0;
        if (do_calculate_size) {

            tx_size = tx->GetTotalSize();
            if (do_mediantxsize) {
                txsize_array.push_back(tx_size);
            }
            maxtxsize = std::max(maxtxsize, tx_size);
            mintxsize = std::min(mintxsize, tx_size);
            total_size += tx_size;
        }

        int64_t weight = 0;
        if (do_calculate_weight) {
            weight = GetTransactionWeight(*tx);
            total_weight += weight;
        }

        if (do_calculate_sw && tx->HasWitness()) {
            ++swtxs;
            swtotal_size += tx_size;
            swtotal_weight += weight;
        }

        if (loop_inputs) {
            CAmount tx_total_in = 0;
            const auto& txundo = blockUndo.vtxundo.at(i - 1);
            for (const Coin& coin: txundo.vprevout) {
                const CTxOut& prevoutput = coin.out;

                tx_total_in += prevoutput.nValue;
                size_t prevout_size = GetSerializeSize(prevoutput) + PER_UTXO_OVERHEAD;
                utxo_size_inc -= prevout_size;
                utxo_size_inc_actual -= prevout_size;
            }

            CAmount txfee = tx_total_in - tx_total_out;
            CHECK_NONFATAL(MoneyRange(txfee));
            if (do_medianfee) {
                fee_array.push_back(txfee);
            }
            maxfee = std::max(maxfee, txfee);
            minfee = std::min(minfee, txfee);
            totalfee += txfee;

            // New feerate uses satoshis per virtual byte instead of per serialized byte
            CAmount feerate = weight ? (txfee * WITNESS_SCALE_FACTOR) / weight : 0;
            if (do_feerate_percentiles) {
                feerate_array.emplace_back(feerate, weight);
            }
            maxfeerate = std::max(maxfeerate, feerate);
            minfeerate = std::min(minfeerate, feerate);
        }
    }

    CAmount feerate_percentiles[NUM_GETBLOCKSTATS_PERCENTILES] = { 0 };
    CalculatePercentilesByWeight(feerate_percentiles, feerate_array, total_weight);

    UniValue feerates_res(UniValue::VARR);
    for (int64_t i = 0; i < NUM_GETBLOCKSTATS_PERCENTILES; i++) {
        feerates_res.push_back(feerate_percentiles[i]);
    }

    UniValue ret_all(UniValue::VOBJ);
    ret_all.pushKV("avgfee", (block.vtx.size() > 1) ? totalfee / (block.vtx.size() - 1) : 0);
    ret_all.pushKV("avgfeerate", total_weight ? (totalfee * WITNESS_SCALE_FACTOR) / total_weight : 0); // Unit: sat/vbyte
    ret_all.pushKV("avgtxsize", (block.vtx.size() > 1) ? total_size / (block.vtx.size() - 1) : 0);
    ret_all.pushKV("blockhash", pindex.GetBlockHash().GetHex());
    ret_all.pushKV("feerate_percentiles", std::move(feerates_res));
    ret_all.pushKV("height", (int64_t)pindex.nHeight);
    ret_all.pushKV("ins", inputs);
    ret_all.pushKV("maxfee", maxfee);
    ret_all.pushKV("maxfeerate", maxfeerate);
    ret_all.pushKV("maxtxsize", maxtxsize);
    ret_all.pushKV("medianfee", CalculateTruncatedMedian(fee_array));
    ret_all.pushKV("mediantime", pindex.GetMedianTimePast());
    ret_all.pushKV("mediantxsize", CalculateTruncatedMedian(txsize_array));
    ret_all.pushKV("minfee", (minfee == MAX_MONEY) ? 0 : minfee);
    ret_all.pushKV("minfeerate", (minfeerate == MAX_MONEY) ? 0 : minfeerate);
    ret_all.pushKV("mintxsize", mintxsize == MAX_BLOCK_SERIALIZED_SIZE ? 0 : mintxsize);
    ret_all.pushKV("outs", outputs);
    ret_all.pushKV("subsidy", GetBlockSubsidy(pindex.nHeight, chainman.GetParams().GetConsensus()));
    ret_all.pushKV("swtotal_size", swtotal_size);
    ret_all.pushKV("swtotal_weight", swtotal_weight);
    ret_all.pushKV("swtxs", swtxs);
    ret_all.pushKV("time", pindex.GetBlockTime());
    ret_all.pushKV("total_out", total_out);
    ret_all.pushKV("total_size", total_size);
    ret_all.pushKV("total_weight", total_weight);
    ret_all.pushKV("totalfee", totalfee);
    ret_all.pushKV("txs", (int64_t)block.vtx.size());
    ret_all.pushKV("utxo_increase", outputs - inputs);
    ret_all.pushKV("utxo_size_inc", utxo_size_inc);
    ret_all.pushKV("utxo_increase_actual", utxos - inputs);
    ret_all.pushKV("utxo_size_inc_actual", utxo_size_inc_actual);

    if (do_all) {
        return ret_all;
    }

    UniValue ret(UniValue::VOBJ);
    for (const std::string& stat : stats) {
        const UniValue& value = ret_all[stat];
        if (value.isNull()) {
            throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_PARAMETER, strprintf("Invalid selected statistic '%s'", stat));
        }
        ret.pushKV(stat, value);
    }
    return ret;
},
    };
}

namespace {
//! Search for a given set of pubkey scripts
bool FindScriptPubKey(std::atomic<int>& scan_progress, const std::atomic<bool>& should_abort, int64_t& count, CCoinsViewCursor* cursor, const std::set<CScript>& needles, std::map<COutPoint, Coin>& out_results, std::function<void()>& interruption_point)
{
    scan_progress = 0;
    count = 0;
    while (cursor->Valid()) {
        COutPoint key;
        Coin coin;
        if (!cursor->GetKey(key) || !cursor->GetValue(coin)) return false;
        if (++count % 8192 == 0) {
            interruption_point();
            if (should_abort) {
                // allow to abort the scan via the abort reference
                return false;
            }
        }
        if (count % 256 == 0) {
            // update progress reference every 256 item
            uint32_t high = 0x100 * *UCharCast(key.hash.begin()) + *(UCharCast(key.hash.begin()) + 1);
            scan_progress = (int)(high * 100.0 / 65536.0 + 0.5);
        }
        if (needles.count(coin.out.scriptPubKey)) {
            out_results.emplace(key, coin);
        }
        cursor->Next();
    }
    scan_progress = 100;
    return true;
}
} // namespace

/** RAII object to prevent concurrency issue when scanning the txout set */
static std::atomic<int> g_scan_progress;
static std::atomic<bool> g_scan_in_progress;
static std::atomic<bool> g_should_abort_scan;
class CoinsViewScanReserver
{
private:
    bool m_could_reserve{false};
public:
    explicit CoinsViewScanReserver() = default;

    bool reserve() {
        CHECK_NONFATAL(!m_could_reserve);
        if (g_scan_in_progress.exchange(true)) {
            return false;
        }
        CHECK_NONFATAL(g_scan_progress == 0);
        m_could_reserve = true;
        return true;
    }

    ~CoinsViewScanReserver() {
        if (m_could_reserve) {
            g_scan_in_progress = false;
            g_scan_progress = 0;
        }
    }
};

static const auto scan_action_arg_desc = RPCArg{
    "action", RPCArg::Type::STR, RPCArg::Optional::NO, "The action to execute\n"
        "\"start\" for starting a scan\n"
        "\"abort\" for aborting the current scan (returns true when abort was successful)\n"
        "\"status\" for progress report (in %) of the current scan"
};

static const auto scan_objects_arg_desc = RPCArg{
    "scanobjects", RPCArg::Type::ARR, RPCArg::Optional::OMITTED, "Array of scan objects. Required for \"start\" action\n"
        "Every scan object is either a string descriptor or an object:",
    {
        {"descriptor", RPCArg::Type::STR, RPCArg::Optional::OMITTED, "An output descriptor"},
        {"", RPCArg::Type::OBJ, RPCArg::Optional::OMITTED, "An object with output descriptor and metadata",
            {
                {"desc", RPCArg::Type::STR, RPCArg::Optional::NO, "An output descriptor"},
                {"range", RPCArg::Type::RANGE, RPCArg::Default{1000}, "The range of HD chain indexes to explore (either end or [begin,end])"},
            }},
    },
    RPCArgOptions{.oneline_description="[scanobjects,...]"},
};

static const auto scan_result_abort = RPCResult{
    "when action=='abort'", RPCResult::Type::BOOL, "success",
    "True if scan will be aborted (not necessarily before this RPC returns), or false if there is no scan to abort"
};
static const auto scan_result_status_none = RPCResult{
    "when action=='status' and no scan is in progress - possibly already completed", RPCResult::Type::NONE, "", ""
};
static const auto scan_result_status_some = RPCResult{
    "when action=='status' and a scan is currently in progress", RPCResult::Type::OBJ, "", "",
    {{RPCResult::Type::NUM, "progress", "Approximate percent complete"},}
};


static RPCHelpMan scantxoutset()
{
    // scriptPubKey corresponding to mainnet address 12cbQLTFMXRnSzktFkuoG3eHoMeFtpTu3S
    const std::string EXAMPLE_DESCRIPTOR_RAW = "raw(76a91411b366edfc0a8b66feebae5c2e25a7b6a5d1cf3188ac)#fm24fxxy";

    return RPCHelpMan{"scantxoutset",
        "\nScans the unspent transaction output set for entries that match certain output descriptors.\n"
        "Examples of output descriptors are:\n"
        "    addr(<address>)                      Outputs whose scriptPubKey corresponds to the specified address (does not include P2PK)\n"
        "    raw(<hex script>)                    Outputs whose scriptPubKey equals the specified hex scripts\n"
        "    combo(<pubkey>)                      P2PK, P2PKH, P2WPKH, and P2SH-P2WPKH outputs for the given pubkey\n"
        "    pkh(<pubkey>)                        P2PKH outputs for the given pubkey\n"
        "    sh(multi(<n>,<pubkey>,<pubkey>,...)) P2SH-multisig outputs for the given threshold and pubkeys\n"
        "    tr(<pubkey>)                         P2TR\n"
        "    tr(<pubkey>,{pk(<pubkey>)})          P2TR with single fallback pubkey in tapscript\n"
        "    rawtr(<pubkey>)                      P2TR with the specified key as output key rather than inner\n"
        "    wsh(and_v(v:pk(<pubkey>),after(2)))  P2WSH miniscript with mandatory pubkey and a timelock\n"
        "\nIn the above, <pubkey> either refers to a fixed public key in hexadecimal notation, or to an xpub/xprv optionally followed by one\n"
        "or more path elements separated by \"/\", and optionally ending in \"/*\" (unhardened), or \"/*'\" or \"/*h\" (hardened) to specify all\n"
        "unhardened or hardened child keys.\n"
        "In the latter case, a range needs to be specified by below if different from 1000.\n"
        "For more information on output descriptors, see the documentation in the doc/descriptors.md file.\n",
        {
            scan_action_arg_desc,
            scan_objects_arg_desc,
        },
        {
            RPCResult{"when action=='start'; only returns after scan completes", RPCResult::Type::OBJ, "", "", {
                {RPCResult::Type::BOOL, "success", "Whether the scan was completed"},
                {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "txouts", "The number of unspent transaction outputs scanned"},
                {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "height", "The current block height (index)"},
                {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "bestblock", "The hash of the block at the tip of the chain"},
                {RPCResult::Type::ARR, "unspents", "",
                {
                    {RPCResult::Type::OBJ, "", "",
                    {
                        {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "txid", "The transaction id"},
                        {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "vout", "The vout value"},
                        {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "scriptPubKey", "The script key"},
                        {RPCResult::Type::STR, "desc", "A specialized descriptor for the matched scriptPubKey"},
                        {RPCResult::Type::STR_AMOUNT, "amount", "The total amount in " + CURRENCY_UNIT + " of the unspent output"},
                        {RPCResult::Type::BOOL, "coinbase", "Whether this is a coinbase output"},
                        {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "height", "Height of the unspent transaction output"},
                    }},
                }},
                {RPCResult::Type::STR_AMOUNT, "total_amount", "The total amount of all found unspent outputs in " + CURRENCY_UNIT},
            }},
            scan_result_abort,
            scan_result_status_some,
            scan_result_status_none,
        },
        RPCExamples{
            HelpExampleCli("scantxoutset", "start \'[\"" + EXAMPLE_DESCRIPTOR_RAW + "\"]\'") +
            HelpExampleCli("scantxoutset", "status") +
            HelpExampleCli("scantxoutset", "abort") +
            HelpExampleRpc("scantxoutset", "\"start\", [\"" + EXAMPLE_DESCRIPTOR_RAW + "\"]") +
            HelpExampleRpc("scantxoutset", "\"status\"") +
            HelpExampleRpc("scantxoutset", "\"abort\"")
        },
        [&](const RPCHelpMan& self, const JSONRPCRequest& request) -> UniValue
{
    UniValue result(UniValue::VOBJ);
    const auto action{self.Arg<std::string>("action")};
    if (action == "status") {
        CoinsViewScanReserver reserver;
        if (reserver.reserve()) {
            // no scan in progress
            return UniValue::VNULL;
        }
        result.pushKV("progress", g_scan_progress.load());
        return result;
    } else if (action == "abort") {
        CoinsViewScanReserver reserver;
        if (reserver.reserve()) {
            // reserve was possible which means no scan was running
            return false;
        }
        // set the abort flag
        g_should_abort_scan = true;
        return true;
    } else if (action == "start") {
        CoinsViewScanReserver reserver;
        if (!reserver.reserve()) {
            throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_PARAMETER, "Scan already in progress, use action \"abort\" or \"status\"");
        }

        if (request.params.size() < 2) {
            throw JSONRPCError(RPC_MISC_ERROR, "scanobjects argument is required for the start action");
        }

        std::set<CScript> needles;
        std::map<CScript, std::string> descriptors;
        CAmount total_in = 0;

        // loop through the scan objects
        for (const UniValue& scanobject : request.params[1].get_array().getValues()) {
            FlatSigningProvider provider;
            auto scripts = EvalDescriptorStringOrObject(scanobject, provider);
            for (CScript& script : scripts) {
                std::string inferred = InferDescriptor(script, provider)->ToString();
                needles.emplace(script);
                descriptors.emplace(std::move(script), std::move(inferred));
            }
        }

        // Scan the unspent transaction output set for inputs
        UniValue unspents(UniValue::VARR);
        std::vector<CTxOut> input_txos;
        std::map<COutPoint, Coin> coins;
        g_should_abort_scan = false;
        int64_t count = 0;
        std::unique_ptr<CCoinsViewCursor> pcursor;
        const CBlockIndex* tip;
        NodeContext& node = EnsureAnyNodeContext(request.context);
        {
            ChainstateManager& chainman = EnsureChainman(node);
            LOCK(cs_main);
            Chainstate& active_chainstate = chainman.ActiveChainstate();
            active_chainstate.ForceFlushStateToDisk();
            pcursor = CHECK_NONFATAL(active_chainstate.CoinsDB().Cursor());
            tip = CHECK_NONFATAL(active_chainstate.m_chain.Tip());
        }
        bool res = FindScriptPubKey(g_scan_progress, g_should_abort_scan, count, pcursor.get(), needles, coins, node.rpc_interruption_point);
        result.pushKV("success", res);
        result.pushKV("txouts", count);
        result.pushKV("height", tip->nHeight);
        result.pushKV("bestblock", tip->GetBlockHash().GetHex());

        for (const auto& it : coins) {
            const COutPoint& outpoint = it.first;
            const Coin& coin = it.second;
            const CTxOut& txo = coin.out;
            input_txos.push_back(txo);
            total_in += txo.nValue;

            UniValue unspent(UniValue::VOBJ);
            unspent.pushKV("txid", outpoint.hash.GetHex());
            unspent.pushKV("vout", (int32_t)outpoint.n);
            unspent.pushKV("scriptPubKey", HexStr(txo.scriptPubKey));
            unspent.pushKV("desc", descriptors[txo.scriptPubKey]);
            unspent.pushKV("amount", ValueFromAmount(txo.nValue));
            unspent.pushKV("coinbase", coin.IsCoinBase());
            unspent.pushKV("height", (int32_t)coin.nHeight);

            unspents.push_back(std::move(unspent));
        }
        result.pushKV("unspents", std::move(unspents));
        result.pushKV("total_amount", ValueFromAmount(total_in));
    } else {
        throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_PARAMETER, strprintf("Invalid action '%s'", action));
    }
    return result;
},
    };
}

/** RAII object to prevent concurrency issue when scanning blockfilters */
static std::atomic<int> g_scanfilter_progress;
static std::atomic<int> g_scanfilter_progress_height;
static std::atomic<bool> g_scanfilter_in_progress;
static std::atomic<bool> g_scanfilter_should_abort_scan;
class BlockFiltersScanReserver
{
private:
    bool m_could_reserve{false};
public:
    explicit BlockFiltersScanReserver() = default;

    bool reserve() {
        CHECK_NONFATAL(!m_could_reserve);
        if (g_scanfilter_in_progress.exchange(true)) {
            return false;
        }
        m_could_reserve = true;
        return true;
    }

    ~BlockFiltersScanReserver() {
        if (m_could_reserve) {
            g_scanfilter_in_progress = false;
        }
    }
};

static bool CheckBlockFilterMatches(BlockManager& blockman, const CBlockIndex& blockindex, const GCSFilter::ElementSet& needles)
{
    const CBlock block{GetBlockChecked(blockman, blockindex)};
    const CBlockUndo block_undo{GetUndoChecked(blockman, blockindex)};

    // Check if any of the outputs match the scriptPubKey
    for (const auto& tx : block.vtx) {
        if (std::any_of(tx->vout.cbegin(), tx->vout.cend(), [&](const auto& txout) {
                return needles.count(std::vector<unsigned char>(txout.scriptPubKey.begin(), txout.scriptPubKey.end())) != 0;
            })) {
            return true;
        }
    }
    // Check if any of the inputs match the scriptPubKey
    for (const auto& txundo : block_undo.vtxundo) {
        if (std::any_of(txundo.vprevout.cbegin(), txundo.vprevout.cend(), [&](const auto& coin) {
                return needles.count(std::vector<unsigned char>(coin.out.scriptPubKey.begin(), coin.out.scriptPubKey.end())) != 0;
            })) {
            return true;
        }
    }

    return false;
}

static RPCHelpMan scanblocks()
{
    return RPCHelpMan{"scanblocks",
        "\nReturn relevant blockhashes for given descriptors (requires blockfilterindex).\n"
        "This call may take several minutes. Make sure to use no RPC timeout (bitcoin-cli -rpcclienttimeout=0)",
        {
            scan_action_arg_desc,
            scan_objects_arg_desc,
            RPCArg{"start_height", RPCArg::Type::NUM, RPCArg::Default{0}, "Height to start to scan from"},
            RPCArg{"stop_height", RPCArg::Type::NUM, RPCArg::DefaultHint{"chain tip"}, "Height to stop to scan"},
            RPCArg{"filtertype", RPCArg::Type::STR, RPCArg::Default{BlockFilterTypeName(BlockFilterType::BASIC)}, "The type name of the filter"},
            RPCArg{"options", RPCArg::Type::OBJ_NAMED_PARAMS, RPCArg::Optional::OMITTED, "",
                {
                    {"filter_false_positives", RPCArg::Type::BOOL, RPCArg::Default{false}, "Filter false positives (slower and may fail on pruned nodes). Otherwise they may occur at a rate of 1/M"},
                },
                RPCArgOptions{.oneline_description="options"}},
        },
        {
            scan_result_status_none,
            RPCResult{"When action=='start'; only returns after scan completes", RPCResult::Type::OBJ, "", "", {
                {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "from_height", "The height we started the scan from"},
                {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "to_height", "The height we ended the scan at"},
                {RPCResult::Type::ARR, "relevant_blocks", "Blocks that may have matched a scanobject.", {
                    {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "blockhash", "A relevant blockhash"},
                }},
                {RPCResult::Type::BOOL, "completed", "true if the scan process was not aborted"}
            }},
            RPCResult{"when action=='status' and a scan is currently in progress", RPCResult::Type::OBJ, "", "", {
                    {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "progress", "Approximate percent complete"},
                    {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "current_height", "Height of the block currently being scanned"},
                },
            },
            scan_result_abort,
        },
        RPCExamples{
            HelpExampleCli("scanblocks", "start '[\"addr(bcrt1q4u4nsgk6ug0sqz7r3rj9tykjxrsl0yy4d0wwte)\"]' 300000") +
            HelpExampleCli("scanblocks", "start '[\"addr(bcrt1q4u4nsgk6ug0sqz7r3rj9tykjxrsl0yy4d0wwte)\"]' 100 150 basic") +
            HelpExampleCli("scanblocks", "status") +
            HelpExampleRpc("scanblocks", "\"start\", [\"addr(bcrt1q4u4nsgk6ug0sqz7r3rj9tykjxrsl0yy4d0wwte)\"], 300000") +
            HelpExampleRpc("scanblocks", "\"start\", [\"addr(bcrt1q4u4nsgk6ug0sqz7r3rj9tykjxrsl0yy4d0wwte)\"], 100, 150, \"basic\"") +
            HelpExampleRpc("scanblocks", "\"status\"")
        },
        [&](const RPCHelpMan& self, const JSONRPCRequest& request) -> UniValue
{
    UniValue ret(UniValue::VOBJ);
    if (request.params[0].get_str() == "status") {
        BlockFiltersScanReserver reserver;
        if (reserver.reserve()) {
            // no scan in progress
            return NullUniValue;
        }
        ret.pushKV("progress", g_scanfilter_progress.load());
        ret.pushKV("current_height", g_scanfilter_progress_height.load());
        return ret;
    } else if (request.params[0].get_str() == "abort") {
        BlockFiltersScanReserver reserver;
        if (reserver.reserve()) {
            // reserve was possible which means no scan was running
            return false;
        }
        // set the abort flag
        g_scanfilter_should_abort_scan = true;
        return true;
    } else if (request.params[0].get_str() == "start") {
        BlockFiltersScanReserver reserver;
        if (!reserver.reserve()) {
            throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_PARAMETER, "Scan already in progress, use action \"abort\" or \"status\"");
        }
        const std::string filtertype_name{request.params[4].isNull() ? "basic" : request.params[4].get_str()};

        BlockFilterType filtertype;
        if (!BlockFilterTypeByName(filtertype_name, filtertype)) {
            throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_ADDRESS_OR_KEY, "Unknown filtertype");
        }

        UniValue options{request.params[5].isNull() ? UniValue::VOBJ : request.params[5]};
        bool filter_false_positives{options.exists("filter_false_positives") ? options["filter_false_positives"].get_bool() : false};

        BlockFilterIndex* index = GetBlockFilterIndex(filtertype);
        if (!index) {
            throw JSONRPCError(RPC_MISC_ERROR, "Index is not enabled for filtertype " + filtertype_name);
        }

        NodeContext& node = EnsureAnyNodeContext(request.context);
        ChainstateManager& chainman = EnsureChainman(node);

        // set the start-height
        const CBlockIndex* start_index = nullptr;
        const CBlockIndex* stop_block = nullptr;
        {
            LOCK(cs_main);
            CChain& active_chain = chainman.ActiveChain();
            start_index = active_chain.Genesis();
            stop_block = active_chain.Tip(); // If no stop block is provided, stop at the chain tip.
            if (!request.params[2].isNull()) {
                start_index = active_chain[request.params[2].getInt<int>()];
                if (!start_index) {
                    throw JSONRPCError(RPC_MISC_ERROR, "Invalid start_height");
                }
            }
            if (!request.params[3].isNull()) {
                stop_block = active_chain[request.params[3].getInt<int>()];
                if (!stop_block || stop_block->nHeight < start_index->nHeight) {
                    throw JSONRPCError(RPC_MISC_ERROR, "Invalid stop_height");
                }
            }
        }
        CHECK_NONFATAL(start_index);
        CHECK_NONFATAL(stop_block);

        // loop through the scan objects, add scripts to the needle_set
        GCSFilter::ElementSet needle_set;
        for (const UniValue& scanobject : request.params[1].get_array().getValues()) {
            FlatSigningProvider provider;
            std::vector<CScript> scripts = EvalDescriptorStringOrObject(scanobject, provider);
            for (const CScript& script : scripts) {
                needle_set.emplace(script.begin(), script.end());
            }
        }
        UniValue blocks(UniValue::VARR);
        const int amount_per_chunk = 10000;
        std::vector<BlockFilter> filters;
        int start_block_height = start_index->nHeight; // for progress reporting
        const int total_blocks_to_process = stop_block->nHeight - start_block_height;

        g_scanfilter_should_abort_scan = false;
        g_scanfilter_progress = 0;
        g_scanfilter_progress_height = start_block_height;
        bool completed = true;

        const CBlockIndex* end_range = nullptr;
        do {
            node.rpc_interruption_point(); // allow a clean shutdown
            if (g_scanfilter_should_abort_scan) {
                completed = false;
                break;
            }

            // split the lookup range in chunks if we are deeper than 'amount_per_chunk' blocks from the stopping block
            int start_block = !end_range ? start_index->nHeight : start_index->nHeight + 1; // to not include the previous round 'end_range' block
            end_range = (start_block + amount_per_chunk < stop_block->nHeight) ?
                    WITH_LOCK(::cs_main, return chainman.ActiveChain()[start_block + amount_per_chunk]) :
                    stop_block;

            if (index->LookupFilterRange(start_block, end_range, filters)) {
                for (const BlockFilter& filter : filters) {
                    // compare the elements-set with each filter
                    if (filter.GetFilter().MatchAny(needle_set)) {
                        if (filter_false_positives) {
                            // Double check the filter matches by scanning the block
                            const CBlockIndex& blockindex = *CHECK_NONFATAL(WITH_LOCK(cs_main, return chainman.m_blockman.LookupBlockIndex(filter.GetBlockHash())));

                            if (!CheckBlockFilterMatches(chainman.m_blockman, blockindex, needle_set)) {
                                continue;
                            }
                        }

                        blocks.push_back(filter.GetBlockHash().GetHex());
                    }
                }
            }
            start_index = end_range;

            // update progress
            int blocks_processed = end_range->nHeight - start_block_height;
            if (total_blocks_to_process > 0) { // avoid division by zero
                g_scanfilter_progress = (int)(100.0 / total_blocks_to_process * blocks_processed);
            } else {
                g_scanfilter_progress = 100;
            }
            g_scanfilter_progress_height = end_range->nHeight;

        // Finish if we reached the stop block
        } while (start_index != stop_block);

        ret.pushKV("from_height", start_block_height);
        ret.pushKV("to_height", start_index->nHeight); // start_index is always the last scanned block here
        ret.pushKV("relevant_blocks", std::move(blocks));
        ret.pushKV("completed", completed);
    }
    else {
        throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_PARAMETER, strprintf("Invalid action '%s'", request.params[0].get_str()));
    }
    return ret;
},
    };
}

static RPCHelpMan getblockfilter()
{
    return RPCHelpMan{"getblockfilter",
                "\nRetrieve a BIP 157 content filter for a particular block.\n",
                {
                    {"blockhash", RPCArg::Type::STR_HEX, RPCArg::Optional::NO, "The hash of the block"},
                    {"filtertype", RPCArg::Type::STR, RPCArg::Default{BlockFilterTypeName(BlockFilterType::BASIC)}, "The type name of the filter"},
                },
                RPCResult{
                    RPCResult::Type::OBJ, "", "",
                    {
                        {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "filter", "the hex-encoded filter data"},
                        {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "header", "the hex-encoded filter header"},
                    }},
                RPCExamples{
                    HelpExampleCli("getblockfilter", "\"00000000c937983704a73af28acdec37b049d214adbda81d7e2a3dd146f6ed09\" \"basic\"") +
                    HelpExampleRpc("getblockfilter", "\"00000000c937983704a73af28acdec37b049d214adbda81d7e2a3dd146f6ed09\", \"basic\"")
                },
        [&](const RPCHelpMan& self, const JSONRPCRequest& request) -> UniValue
{
    uint256 block_hash = ParseHashV(request.params[0], "blockhash");
    std::string filtertype_name = BlockFilterTypeName(BlockFilterType::BASIC);
    if (!request.params[1].isNull()) {
        filtertype_name = request.params[1].get_str();
    }

    BlockFilterType filtertype;
    if (!BlockFilterTypeByName(filtertype_name, filtertype)) {
        throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_ADDRESS_OR_KEY, "Unknown filtertype");
    }

    BlockFilterIndex* index = GetBlockFilterIndex(filtertype);
    if (!index) {
        throw JSONRPCError(RPC_MISC_ERROR, "Index is not enabled for filtertype " + filtertype_name);
    }

    const CBlockIndex* block_index;
    bool block_was_connected;
    {
        ChainstateManager& chainman = EnsureAnyChainman(request.context);
        LOCK(cs_main);
        block_index = chainman.m_blockman.LookupBlockIndex(block_hash);
        if (!block_index) {
            throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_ADDRESS_OR_KEY, "Block not found");
        }
        block_was_connected = block_index->IsValid(BLOCK_VALID_SCRIPTS);
    }

    bool index_ready = index->BlockUntilSyncedToCurrentChain();

    BlockFilter filter;
    uint256 filter_header;
    if (!index->LookupFilter(block_index, filter) ||
        !index->LookupFilterHeader(block_index, filter_header)) {
        int err_code;
        std::string errmsg = "Filter not found.";

        if (!block_was_connected) {
            err_code = RPC_INVALID_ADDRESS_OR_KEY;
            errmsg += " Block was not connected to active chain.";
        } else if (!index_ready) {
            err_code = RPC_MISC_ERROR;
            errmsg += " Block filters are still in the process of being indexed.";
        } else {
            err_code = RPC_INTERNAL_ERROR;
            errmsg += " This error is unexpected and indicates index corruption.";
        }

        throw JSONRPCError(err_code, errmsg);
    }

    UniValue ret(UniValue::VOBJ);
    ret.pushKV("filter", HexStr(filter.GetEncodedFilter()));
    ret.pushKV("header", filter_header.GetHex());
    return ret;
},
    };
}

/**
 * Serialize the UTXO set to a file for loading elsewhere.
 *
 * @see SnapshotMetadata
 */
static RPCHelpMan dumptxoutset()
{
    return RPCHelpMan{
        "dumptxoutset",
        "Write the serialized UTXO set to a file.",
        {
            {"path", RPCArg::Type::STR, RPCArg::Optional::NO, "Path to the output file. If relative, will be prefixed by datadir."},
        },
        RPCResult{
            RPCResult::Type::OBJ, "", "",
                {
                    {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "coins_written", "the number of coins written in the snapshot"},
                    {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "base_hash", "the hash of the base of the snapshot"},
                    {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "base_height", "the height of the base of the snapshot"},
                    {RPCResult::Type::STR, "path", "the absolute path that the snapshot was written to"},
                    {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "txoutset_hash", "the hash of the UTXO set contents"},
                    {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "nchaintx", "the number of transactions in the chain up to and including the base block"},
                }
        },
        RPCExamples{
            HelpExampleCli("dumptxoutset", "utxo.dat")
        },
        [&](const RPCHelpMan& self, const JSONRPCRequest& request) -> UniValue
{
    const ArgsManager& args{EnsureAnyArgsman(request.context)};
    const fs::path path = fsbridge::AbsPathJoin(args.GetDataDirNet(), fs::u8path(request.params[0].get_str()));
    // Write to a temporary path and then move into `path` on completion
    // to avoid confusion due to an interruption.
    const fs::path temppath = fsbridge::AbsPathJoin(args.GetDataDirNet(), fs::u8path(request.params[0].get_str() + ".incomplete"));

    if (fs::exists(path)) {
        throw JSONRPCError(
            RPC_INVALID_PARAMETER,
            path.utf8string() + " already exists. If you are sure this is what you want, "
            "move it out of the way first");
    }

    FILE* file{fsbridge::fopen(temppath, "wb")};
    AutoFile afile{file};
    if (afile.IsNull()) {
        throw JSONRPCError(
            RPC_INVALID_PARAMETER,
            "Couldn't open file " + temppath.utf8string() + " for writing.");
    }

    NodeContext& node = EnsureAnyNodeContext(request.context);
    UniValue result = CreateUTXOSnapshot(
        node, node.chainman->ActiveChainstate(), afile, path, temppath);
    fs::rename(temppath, path);

    result.pushKV("path", path.utf8string());
    return result;
},
    };
}

UniValue CreateUTXOSnapshot(
    NodeContext& node,
    Chainstate& chainstate,
    AutoFile& afile,
    const fs::path& path,
    const fs::path& temppath)
{
    std::unique_ptr<CCoinsViewCursor> pcursor;
    std::optional<CCoinsStats> maybe_stats;
    const CBlockIndex* tip;

    {
        // We need to lock cs_main to ensure that the coinsdb isn't written to
        // between (i) flushing coins cache to disk (coinsdb), (ii) getting stats
        // based upon the coinsdb, and (iii) constructing a cursor to the
        // coinsdb for use below this block.
        //
        // Cursors returned by leveldb iterate over snapshots, so the contents
        // of the pcursor will not be affected by simultaneous writes during
        // use below this block.
        //
        // See discussion here:
        //   https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/15606#discussion_r274479369
        //
        LOCK(::cs_main);

        chainstate.ForceFlushStateToDisk();

        maybe_stats = GetUTXOStats(&chainstate.CoinsDB(), chainstate.m_blockman, CoinStatsHashType::HASH_SERIALIZED, node.rpc_interruption_point);
        if (!maybe_stats) {
            throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INTERNAL_ERROR, "Unable to read UTXO set");
        }

        pcursor = chainstate.CoinsDB().Cursor();
        tip = CHECK_NONFATAL(chainstate.m_blockman.LookupBlockIndex(maybe_stats->hashBlock));
    }

    LOG_TIME_SECONDS(strprintf("writing UTXO snapshot at height %s (%s) to file %s (via %s)",
        tip->nHeight, tip->GetBlockHash().ToString(),
        fs::PathToString(path), fs::PathToString(temppath)));

    SnapshotMetadata metadata{chainstate.m_chainman.GetParams().MessageStart(), tip->GetBlockHash(), tip->nHeight, maybe_stats->coins_count};

    afile << metadata;

    COutPoint key;
    Txid last_hash;
    Coin coin;
    unsigned int iter{0};
    size_t written_coins_count{0};
    std::vector<std::pair<uint32_t, Coin>> coins;

    // To reduce space the serialization format of the snapshot avoids
    // duplication of tx hashes. The code takes advantage of the guarantee by
    // leveldb that keys are lexicographically sorted.
    // In the coins vector we collect all coins that belong to a certain tx hash
    // (key.hash) and when we have them all (key.hash != last_hash) we write
    // them to file using the below lambda function.
    // See also https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/issues/25675
    auto write_coins_to_file = [&](AutoFile& afile, const Txid& last_hash, const std::vector<std::pair<uint32_t, Coin>>& coins, size_t& written_coins_count) {
        afile << last_hash;
        WriteCompactSize(afile, coins.size());
        for (const auto& [n, coin] : coins) {
            WriteCompactSize(afile, n);
            afile << coin;
            ++written_coins_count;
        }
    };

    pcursor->GetKey(key);
    last_hash = key.hash;
    while (pcursor->Valid()) {
        if (iter % 5000 == 0) node.rpc_interruption_point();
        ++iter;
        if (pcursor->GetKey(key) && pcursor->GetValue(coin)) {
            if (key.hash != last_hash) {
                write_coins_to_file(afile, last_hash, coins, written_coins_count);
                last_hash = key.hash;
                coins.clear();
            }
            coins.emplace_back(key.n, coin);
        }
        pcursor->Next();
    }

    if (!coins.empty()) {
        write_coins_to_file(afile, last_hash, coins, written_coins_count);
    }

    CHECK_NONFATAL(written_coins_count == maybe_stats->coins_count);

    afile.fclose();

    UniValue result(UniValue::VOBJ);
    result.pushKV("coins_written", written_coins_count);
    result.pushKV("base_hash", tip->GetBlockHash().ToString());
    result.pushKV("base_height", tip->nHeight);
    result.pushKV("path", path.utf8string());
    result.pushKV("txoutset_hash", maybe_stats->hashSerialized.ToString());
    result.pushKV("nchaintx", tip->nChainTx);
    return result;
}

static RPCHelpMan loadtxoutset()
{
    return RPCHelpMan{
        "loadtxoutset",
        "Load the serialized UTXO set from a file.\n"
        "Once this snapshot is loaded, its contents will be "
        "deserialized into a second chainstate data structure, which is then used to sync to "
        "the network's tip. "
        "Meanwhile, the original chainstate will complete the initial block download process in "
        "the background, eventually validating up to the block that the snapshot is based upon.\n\n"

        "The result is a usable bitcoind instance that is current with the network tip in a "
        "matter of minutes rather than hours. UTXO snapshot are typically obtained from "
        "third-party sources (HTTP, torrent, etc.) which is reasonable since their "
        "contents are always checked by hash.\n\n"

        "You can find more information on this process in the `assumeutxo` design "
        "document (<https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/master/doc/design/assumeutxo.md>).",
        {
            {"path",
                RPCArg::Type::STR,
                RPCArg::Optional::NO,
                "path to the snapshot file. If relative, will be prefixed by datadir."},
        },
        RPCResult{
            RPCResult::Type::OBJ, "", "",
                {
                    {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "coins_loaded", "the number of coins loaded from the snapshot"},
                    {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "tip_hash", "the hash of the base of the snapshot"},
                    {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "base_height", "the height of the base of the snapshot"},
                    {RPCResult::Type::STR, "path", "the absolute path that the snapshot was loaded from"},
                }
        },
        RPCExamples{
            HelpExampleCli("loadtxoutset", "utxo.dat")
        },
        [&](const RPCHelpMan& self, const JSONRPCRequest& request) -> UniValue
{
    NodeContext& node = EnsureAnyNodeContext(request.context);
    ChainstateManager& chainman = EnsureChainman(node);
    fs::path path{AbsPathForConfigVal(EnsureArgsman(node), fs::u8path(request.params[0].get_str()))};

    FILE* file{fsbridge::fopen(path, "rb")};
    AutoFile afile{file};
    if (afile.IsNull()) {
        throw JSONRPCError(
            RPC_INVALID_PARAMETER,
            "Couldn't open file " + path.utf8string() + " for reading.");
    }

    SnapshotMetadata metadata{chainman.GetParams().MessageStart()};
    try {
        afile >> metadata;
    } catch (const std::ios_base::failure& e) {
        throw JSONRPCError(RPC_DESERIALIZATION_ERROR, strprintf("Unable to parse metadata: %s", e.what()));
    }

    uint256 base_blockhash = metadata.m_base_blockhash;
    int base_blockheight = metadata.m_base_blockheight;
    if (!chainman.GetParams().AssumeutxoForBlockhash(base_blockhash).has_value()) {
        auto available_heights = chainman.GetParams().GetAvailableSnapshotHeights();
        std::string heights_formatted = Join(available_heights, ", ", [&](const auto& i) { return ToString(i); });
        throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INTERNAL_ERROR, strprintf("Unable to load UTXO snapshot, "
            "assumeutxo block hash in snapshot metadata not recognized (hash: %s, height: %s). The following snapshot heights are available: %s.",
            base_blockhash.ToString(),
            base_blockheight,
            heights_formatted));
    }
    CBlockIndex* snapshot_start_block = WITH_LOCK(::cs_main,
            return chainman.m_blockman.LookupBlockIndex(base_blockhash));

    if (!snapshot_start_block) {
        throw JSONRPCError(
            RPC_INTERNAL_ERROR,
            strprintf("The base block header (%s) must appear in the headers chain. Make sure all headers are syncing, and call this RPC again.",
                      base_blockhash.ToString()));
    }
    if (!chainman.ActivateSnapshot(afile, metadata, false)) {
        throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INTERNAL_ERROR, "Unable to load UTXO snapshot " + fs::PathToString(path));
    }

    UniValue result(UniValue::VOBJ);
    result.pushKV("coins_loaded", metadata.m_coins_count);
    result.pushKV("tip_hash", snapshot_start_block->GetBlockHash().ToString());
    result.pushKV("base_height", snapshot_start_block->nHeight);
    result.pushKV("path", fs::PathToString(path));
    return result;
},
    };
}

const std::vector<RPCResult> RPCHelpForChainstate{
    {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "blocks", "number of blocks in this chainstate"},
    {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "bestblockhash", "blockhash of the tip"},
    {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "difficulty", "difficulty of the tip"},
    {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "verificationprogress", "progress towards the network tip"},
    {RPCResult::Type::STR_HEX, "snapshot_blockhash", /*optional=*/true, "the base block of the snapshot this chainstate is based on, if any"},
    {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "coins_db_cache_bytes", "size of the coinsdb cache"},
    {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "coins_tip_cache_bytes", "size of the coinstip cache"},
    {RPCResult::Type::BOOL, "validated", "whether the chainstate is fully validated. True if all blocks in the chainstate were validated, false if the chain is based on a snapshot and the snapshot has not yet been validated."},
};

static RPCHelpMan getchainstates()
{
return RPCHelpMan{
        "getchainstates",
        "\nReturn information about chainstates.\n",
        {},
        RPCResult{
            RPCResult::Type::OBJ, "", "", {
                {RPCResult::Type::NUM, "headers", "the number of headers seen so far"},
                {RPCResult::Type::ARR, "chainstates", "list of the chainstates ordered by work, with the most-work (active) chainstate last", {{RPCResult::Type::OBJ, "", "", RPCHelpForChainstate},}},
            }
        },
        RPCExamples{
            HelpExampleCli("getchainstates", "")
    + HelpExampleRpc("getchainstates", "")
        },
        [&](const RPCHelpMan& self, const JSONRPCRequest& request) -> UniValue
{
    LOCK(cs_main);
    UniValue obj(UniValue::VOBJ);

    ChainstateManager& chainman = EnsureAnyChainman(request.context);

    auto make_chain_data = [&](const Chainstate& cs, bool validated) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(::cs_main) {
        AssertLockHeld(::cs_main);
        UniValue data(UniValue::VOBJ);
        if (!cs.m_chain.Tip()) {
            return data;
        }
        const CChain& chain = cs.m_chain;
        const CBlockIndex* tip = chain.Tip();

        data.pushKV("blocks",                (int)chain.Height());
        data.pushKV("bestblockhash",         tip->GetBlockHash().GetHex());
        data.pushKV("difficulty", GetDifficulty(*tip));
        data.pushKV("verificationprogress",  GuessVerificationProgress(Params().TxData(), tip));
        data.pushKV("coins_db_cache_bytes",  cs.m_coinsdb_cache_size_bytes);
        data.pushKV("coins_tip_cache_bytes", cs.m_coinstip_cache_size_bytes);
        if (cs.m_from_snapshot_blockhash) {
            data.pushKV("snapshot_blockhash", cs.m_from_snapshot_blockhash->ToString());
        }
        data.pushKV("validated", validated);
        return data;
    };

    obj.pushKV("headers", chainman.m_best_header ? chainman.m_best_header->nHeight : -1);

    const auto& chainstates = chainman.GetAll();
    UniValue obj_chainstates{UniValue::VARR};
    for (Chainstate* cs : chainstates) {
      obj_chainstates.push_back(make_chain_data(*cs, !cs->m_from_snapshot_blockhash || chainstates.size() == 1));
    }
    obj.pushKV("chainstates", std::move(obj_chainstates));
    return obj;
}
    };
}


void RegisterBlockchainRPCCommands(CRPCTable& t)
{
    static const CRPCCommand commands[]{
        {"blockchain", &getblockchaininfo},
        {"blockchain", &getchaintxstats},
        {"blockchain", &getblockstats},
        {"blockchain", &getbestblockhash},
        {"blockchain", &getblockcount},
        {"blockchain", &getblock},
        {"blockchain", &getblockfrompeer},
        {"blockchain", &getblockhash},
        {"blockchain", &getblockheader},
        {"blockchain", &getchaintips},
        {"blockchain", &getdifficulty},
        {"blockchain", &getdeploymentinfo},
        {"blockchain", &gettxout},
        {"blockchain", &gettxoutsetinfo},
        {"blockchain", &pruneblockchain},
        {"blockchain", &verifychain},
        {"blockchain", &preciousblock},
        {"blockchain", &scantxoutset},
        {"blockchain", &scanblocks},
        {"blockchain", &getblockfilter},
        {"blockchain", &dumptxoutset},
        {"blockchain", &loadtxoutset},
        {"blockchain", &getchainstates},
        {"hidden", &invalidateblock},
        {"hidden", &reconsiderblock},
        {"hidden", &waitfornewblock},
        {"hidden", &waitforblock},
        {"hidden", &waitforblockheight},
        {"hidden", &syncwithvalidationinterfacequeue},
    };
    for (const auto& c : commands) {
        t.appendCommand(c.name, &c);
    }
}