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Diffstat (limited to 'src/modinv64_impl.h')
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1 files changed, 593 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/src/modinv64_impl.h b/src/modinv64_impl.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0743a9c821 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/modinv64_impl.h @@ -0,0 +1,593 @@ +/*********************************************************************** + * Copyright (c) 2020 Peter Dettman * + * Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying * + * file COPYING or https://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.* + **********************************************************************/ + +#ifndef SECP256K1_MODINV64_IMPL_H +#define SECP256K1_MODINV64_IMPL_H + +#include "modinv64.h" + +#include "util.h" + +/* This file implements modular inversion based on the paper "Fast constant-time gcd computation and + * modular inversion" by Daniel J. Bernstein and Bo-Yin Yang. + * + * For an explanation of the algorithm, see doc/safegcd_implementation.md. This file contains an + * implementation for N=62, using 62-bit signed limbs represented as int64_t. + */ + +#ifdef VERIFY +/* Helper function to compute the absolute value of an int64_t. + * (we don't use abs/labs/llabs as it depends on the int sizes). */ +static int64_t secp256k1_modinv64_abs(int64_t v) { + VERIFY_CHECK(v > INT64_MIN); + if (v < 0) return -v; + return v; +} + +static const secp256k1_modinv64_signed62 SECP256K1_SIGNED62_ONE = {{1}}; + +/* Compute a*factor and put it in r. All but the top limb in r will be in range [0,2^62). */ +static void secp256k1_modinv64_mul_62(secp256k1_modinv64_signed62 *r, const secp256k1_modinv64_signed62 *a, int alen, int64_t factor) { + const int64_t M62 = (int64_t)(UINT64_MAX >> 2); + int128_t c = 0; + int i; + for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) { + if (i < alen) c += (int128_t)a->v[i] * factor; + r->v[i] = (int64_t)c & M62; c >>= 62; + } + if (4 < alen) c += (int128_t)a->v[4] * factor; + VERIFY_CHECK(c == (int64_t)c); + r->v[4] = (int64_t)c; +} + +/* Return -1 for a<b*factor, 0 for a==b*factor, 1 for a>b*factor. A has alen limbs; b has 5. */ +static int secp256k1_modinv64_mul_cmp_62(const secp256k1_modinv64_signed62 *a, int alen, const secp256k1_modinv64_signed62 *b, int64_t factor) { + int i; + secp256k1_modinv64_signed62 am, bm; + secp256k1_modinv64_mul_62(&am, a, alen, 1); /* Normalize all but the top limb of a. */ + secp256k1_modinv64_mul_62(&bm, b, 5, factor); + for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) { + /* Verify that all but the top limb of a and b are normalized. */ + VERIFY_CHECK(am.v[i] >> 62 == 0); + VERIFY_CHECK(bm.v[i] >> 62 == 0); + } + for (i = 4; i >= 0; --i) { + if (am.v[i] < bm.v[i]) return -1; + if (am.v[i] > bm.v[i]) return 1; + } + return 0; +} +#endif + +/* Take as input a signed62 number in range (-2*modulus,modulus), and add a multiple of the modulus + * to it to bring it to range [0,modulus). If sign < 0, the input will also be negated in the + * process. The input must have limbs in range (-2^62,2^62). The output will have limbs in range + * [0,2^62). */ +static void secp256k1_modinv64_normalize_62(secp256k1_modinv64_signed62 *r, int64_t sign, const secp256k1_modinv64_modinfo *modinfo) { + const int64_t M62 = (int64_t)(UINT64_MAX >> 2); + int64_t r0 = r->v[0], r1 = r->v[1], r2 = r->v[2], r3 = r->v[3], r4 = r->v[4]; + int64_t cond_add, cond_negate; + +#ifdef VERIFY + /* Verify that all limbs are in range (-2^62,2^62). */ + int i; + for (i = 0; i < 5; ++i) { + VERIFY_CHECK(r->v[i] >= -M62); + VERIFY_CHECK(r->v[i] <= M62); + } + VERIFY_CHECK(secp256k1_modinv64_mul_cmp_62(r, 5, &modinfo->modulus, -2) > 0); /* r > -2*modulus */ + VERIFY_CHECK(secp256k1_modinv64_mul_cmp_62(r, 5, &modinfo->modulus, 1) < 0); /* r < modulus */ +#endif + + /* In a first step, add the modulus if the input is negative, and then negate if requested. + * This brings r from range (-2*modulus,modulus) to range (-modulus,modulus). As all input + * limbs are in range (-2^62,2^62), this cannot overflow an int64_t. Note that the right + * shifts below are signed sign-extending shifts (see assumptions.h for tests that that is + * indeed the behavior of the right shift operator). */ + cond_add = r4 >> 63; + r0 += modinfo->modulus.v[0] & cond_add; + r1 += modinfo->modulus.v[1] & cond_add; + r2 += modinfo->modulus.v[2] & cond_add; + r3 += modinfo->modulus.v[3] & cond_add; + r4 += modinfo->modulus.v[4] & cond_add; + cond_negate = sign >> 63; + r0 = (r0 ^ cond_negate) - cond_negate; + r1 = (r1 ^ cond_negate) - cond_negate; + r2 = (r2 ^ cond_negate) - cond_negate; + r3 = (r3 ^ cond_negate) - cond_negate; + r4 = (r4 ^ cond_negate) - cond_negate; + /* Propagate the top bits, to bring limbs back to range (-2^62,2^62). */ + r1 += r0 >> 62; r0 &= M62; + r2 += r1 >> 62; r1 &= M62; + r3 += r2 >> 62; r2 &= M62; + r4 += r3 >> 62; r3 &= M62; + + /* In a second step add the modulus again if the result is still negative, bringing + * r to range [0,modulus). */ + cond_add = r4 >> 63; + r0 += modinfo->modulus.v[0] & cond_add; + r1 += modinfo->modulus.v[1] & cond_add; + r2 += modinfo->modulus.v[2] & cond_add; + r3 += modinfo->modulus.v[3] & cond_add; + r4 += modinfo->modulus.v[4] & cond_add; + /* And propagate again. */ + r1 += r0 >> 62; r0 &= M62; + r2 += r1 >> 62; r1 &= M62; + r3 += r2 >> 62; r2 &= M62; + r4 += r3 >> 62; r3 &= M62; + + r->v[0] = r0; + r->v[1] = r1; + r->v[2] = r2; + r->v[3] = r3; + r->v[4] = r4; + +#ifdef VERIFY + VERIFY_CHECK(r0 >> 62 == 0); + VERIFY_CHECK(r1 >> 62 == 0); + VERIFY_CHECK(r2 >> 62 == 0); + VERIFY_CHECK(r3 >> 62 == 0); + VERIFY_CHECK(r4 >> 62 == 0); + VERIFY_CHECK(secp256k1_modinv64_mul_cmp_62(r, 5, &modinfo->modulus, 0) >= 0); /* r >= 0 */ + VERIFY_CHECK(secp256k1_modinv64_mul_cmp_62(r, 5, &modinfo->modulus, 1) < 0); /* r < modulus */ +#endif +} + +/* Data type for transition matrices (see section 3 of explanation). + * + * t = [ u v ] + * [ q r ] + */ +typedef struct { + int64_t u, v, q, r; +} secp256k1_modinv64_trans2x2; + +/* Compute the transition matrix and eta for 59 divsteps (where zeta=-(delta+1/2)). + * Note that the transformation matrix is scaled by 2^62 and not 2^59. + * + * Input: zeta: initial zeta + * f0: bottom limb of initial f + * g0: bottom limb of initial g + * Output: t: transition matrix + * Return: final zeta + * + * Implements the divsteps_n_matrix function from the explanation. + */ +static int64_t secp256k1_modinv64_divsteps_59(int64_t zeta, uint64_t f0, uint64_t g0, secp256k1_modinv64_trans2x2 *t) { + /* u,v,q,r are the elements of the transformation matrix being built up, + * starting with the identity matrix times 8 (because the caller expects + * a result scaled by 2^62). Semantically they are signed integers + * in range [-2^62,2^62], but here represented as unsigned mod 2^64. This + * permits left shifting (which is UB for negative numbers). The range + * being inside [-2^63,2^63) means that casting to signed works correctly. + */ + uint64_t u = 8, v = 0, q = 0, r = 8; + uint64_t c1, c2, f = f0, g = g0, x, y, z; + int i; + + for (i = 3; i < 62; ++i) { + VERIFY_CHECK((f & 1) == 1); /* f must always be odd */ + VERIFY_CHECK((u * f0 + v * g0) == f << i); + VERIFY_CHECK((q * f0 + r * g0) == g << i); + /* Compute conditional masks for (zeta < 0) and for (g & 1). */ + c1 = zeta >> 63; + c2 = -(g & 1); + /* Compute x,y,z, conditionally negated versions of f,u,v. */ + x = (f ^ c1) - c1; + y = (u ^ c1) - c1; + z = (v ^ c1) - c1; + /* Conditionally add x,y,z to g,q,r. */ + g += x & c2; + q += y & c2; + r += z & c2; + /* In what follows, c1 is a condition mask for (zeta < 0) and (g & 1). */ + c1 &= c2; + /* Conditionally change zeta into -zeta-2 or zeta-1. */ + zeta = (zeta ^ c1) - 1; + /* Conditionally add g,q,r to f,u,v. */ + f += g & c1; + u += q & c1; + v += r & c1; + /* Shifts */ + g >>= 1; + u <<= 1; + v <<= 1; + /* Bounds on zeta that follow from the bounds on iteration count (max 10*59 divsteps). */ + VERIFY_CHECK(zeta >= -591 && zeta <= 591); + } + /* Return data in t and return value. */ + t->u = (int64_t)u; + t->v = (int64_t)v; + t->q = (int64_t)q; + t->r = (int64_t)r; + /* The determinant of t must be a power of two. This guarantees that multiplication with t + * does not change the gcd of f and g, apart from adding a power-of-2 factor to it (which + * will be divided out again). As each divstep's individual matrix has determinant 2, the + * aggregate of 59 of them will have determinant 2^59. Multiplying with the initial + * 8*identity (which has determinant 2^6) means the overall outputs has determinant + * 2^65. */ + VERIFY_CHECK((int128_t)t->u * t->r - (int128_t)t->v * t->q == ((int128_t)1) << 65); + return zeta; +} + +/* Compute the transition matrix and eta for 62 divsteps (variable time, eta=-delta). + * + * Input: eta: initial eta + * f0: bottom limb of initial f + * g0: bottom limb of initial g + * Output: t: transition matrix + * Return: final eta + * + * Implements the divsteps_n_matrix_var function from the explanation. + */ +static int64_t secp256k1_modinv64_divsteps_62_var(int64_t eta, uint64_t f0, uint64_t g0, secp256k1_modinv64_trans2x2 *t) { + /* Transformation matrix; see comments in secp256k1_modinv64_divsteps_62. */ + uint64_t u = 1, v = 0, q = 0, r = 1; + uint64_t f = f0, g = g0, m; + uint32_t w; + int i = 62, limit, zeros; + + for (;;) { + /* Use a sentinel bit to count zeros only up to i. */ + zeros = secp256k1_ctz64_var(g | (UINT64_MAX << i)); + /* Perform zeros divsteps at once; they all just divide g by two. */ + g >>= zeros; + u <<= zeros; + v <<= zeros; + eta -= zeros; + i -= zeros; + /* We're done once we've done 62 divsteps. */ + if (i == 0) break; + VERIFY_CHECK((f & 1) == 1); + VERIFY_CHECK((g & 1) == 1); + VERIFY_CHECK((u * f0 + v * g0) == f << (62 - i)); + VERIFY_CHECK((q * f0 + r * g0) == g << (62 - i)); + /* Bounds on eta that follow from the bounds on iteration count (max 12*62 divsteps). */ + VERIFY_CHECK(eta >= -745 && eta <= 745); + /* If eta is negative, negate it and replace f,g with g,-f. */ + if (eta < 0) { + uint64_t tmp; + eta = -eta; + tmp = f; f = g; g = -tmp; + tmp = u; u = q; q = -tmp; + tmp = v; v = r; r = -tmp; + /* Use a formula to cancel out up to 6 bits of g. Also, no more than i can be cancelled + * out (as we'd be done before that point), and no more than eta+1 can be done as its + * will flip again once that happens. */ + limit = ((int)eta + 1) > i ? i : ((int)eta + 1); + VERIFY_CHECK(limit > 0 && limit <= 62); + /* m is a mask for the bottom min(limit, 6) bits. */ + m = (UINT64_MAX >> (64 - limit)) & 63U; + /* Find what multiple of f must be added to g to cancel its bottom min(limit, 6) + * bits. */ + w = (f * g * (f * f - 2)) & m; + } else { + /* In this branch, use a simpler formula that only lets us cancel up to 4 bits of g, as + * eta tends to be smaller here. */ + limit = ((int)eta + 1) > i ? i : ((int)eta + 1); + VERIFY_CHECK(limit > 0 && limit <= 62); + /* m is a mask for the bottom min(limit, 4) bits. */ + m = (UINT64_MAX >> (64 - limit)) & 15U; + /* Find what multiple of f must be added to g to cancel its bottom min(limit, 4) + * bits. */ + w = f + (((f + 1) & 4) << 1); + w = (-w * g) & m; + } + g += f * w; + q += u * w; + r += v * w; + VERIFY_CHECK((g & m) == 0); + } + /* Return data in t and return value. */ + t->u = (int64_t)u; + t->v = (int64_t)v; + t->q = (int64_t)q; + t->r = (int64_t)r; + /* The determinant of t must be a power of two. This guarantees that multiplication with t + * does not change the gcd of f and g, apart from adding a power-of-2 factor to it (which + * will be divided out again). As each divstep's individual matrix has determinant 2, the + * aggregate of 62 of them will have determinant 2^62. */ + VERIFY_CHECK((int128_t)t->u * t->r - (int128_t)t->v * t->q == ((int128_t)1) << 62); + return eta; +} + +/* Compute (t/2^62) * [d, e] mod modulus, where t is a transition matrix scaled by 2^62. + * + * On input and output, d and e are in range (-2*modulus,modulus). All output limbs will be in range + * (-2^62,2^62). + * + * This implements the update_de function from the explanation. + */ +static void secp256k1_modinv64_update_de_62(secp256k1_modinv64_signed62 *d, secp256k1_modinv64_signed62 *e, const secp256k1_modinv64_trans2x2 *t, const secp256k1_modinv64_modinfo* modinfo) { + const int64_t M62 = (int64_t)(UINT64_MAX >> 2); + const int64_t d0 = d->v[0], d1 = d->v[1], d2 = d->v[2], d3 = d->v[3], d4 = d->v[4]; + const int64_t e0 = e->v[0], e1 = e->v[1], e2 = e->v[2], e3 = e->v[3], e4 = e->v[4]; + const int64_t u = t->u, v = t->v, q = t->q, r = t->r; + int64_t md, me, sd, se; + int128_t cd, ce; +#ifdef VERIFY + VERIFY_CHECK(secp256k1_modinv64_mul_cmp_62(d, 5, &modinfo->modulus, -2) > 0); /* d > -2*modulus */ + VERIFY_CHECK(secp256k1_modinv64_mul_cmp_62(d, 5, &modinfo->modulus, 1) < 0); /* d < modulus */ + VERIFY_CHECK(secp256k1_modinv64_mul_cmp_62(e, 5, &modinfo->modulus, -2) > 0); /* e > -2*modulus */ + VERIFY_CHECK(secp256k1_modinv64_mul_cmp_62(e, 5, &modinfo->modulus, 1) < 0); /* e < modulus */ + VERIFY_CHECK((secp256k1_modinv64_abs(u) + secp256k1_modinv64_abs(v)) >= 0); /* |u|+|v| doesn't overflow */ + VERIFY_CHECK((secp256k1_modinv64_abs(q) + secp256k1_modinv64_abs(r)) >= 0); /* |q|+|r| doesn't overflow */ + VERIFY_CHECK((secp256k1_modinv64_abs(u) + secp256k1_modinv64_abs(v)) <= M62 + 1); /* |u|+|v| <= 2^62 */ + VERIFY_CHECK((secp256k1_modinv64_abs(q) + secp256k1_modinv64_abs(r)) <= M62 + 1); /* |q|+|r| <= 2^62 */ +#endif + /* [md,me] start as zero; plus [u,q] if d is negative; plus [v,r] if e is negative. */ + sd = d4 >> 63; + se = e4 >> 63; + md = (u & sd) + (v & se); + me = (q & sd) + (r & se); + /* Begin computing t*[d,e]. */ + cd = (int128_t)u * d0 + (int128_t)v * e0; + ce = (int128_t)q * d0 + (int128_t)r * e0; + /* Correct md,me so that t*[d,e]+modulus*[md,me] has 62 zero bottom bits. */ + md -= (modinfo->modulus_inv62 * (uint64_t)cd + md) & M62; + me -= (modinfo->modulus_inv62 * (uint64_t)ce + me) & M62; + /* Update the beginning of computation for t*[d,e]+modulus*[md,me] now md,me are known. */ + cd += (int128_t)modinfo->modulus.v[0] * md; + ce += (int128_t)modinfo->modulus.v[0] * me; + /* Verify that the low 62 bits of the computation are indeed zero, and then throw them away. */ + VERIFY_CHECK(((int64_t)cd & M62) == 0); cd >>= 62; + VERIFY_CHECK(((int64_t)ce & M62) == 0); ce >>= 62; + /* Compute limb 1 of t*[d,e]+modulus*[md,me], and store it as output limb 0 (= down shift). */ + cd += (int128_t)u * d1 + (int128_t)v * e1; + ce += (int128_t)q * d1 + (int128_t)r * e1; + if (modinfo->modulus.v[1]) { /* Optimize for the case where limb of modulus is zero. */ + cd += (int128_t)modinfo->modulus.v[1] * md; + ce += (int128_t)modinfo->modulus.v[1] * me; + } + d->v[0] = (int64_t)cd & M62; cd >>= 62; + e->v[0] = (int64_t)ce & M62; ce >>= 62; + /* Compute limb 2 of t*[d,e]+modulus*[md,me], and store it as output limb 1. */ + cd += (int128_t)u * d2 + (int128_t)v * e2; + ce += (int128_t)q * d2 + (int128_t)r * e2; + if (modinfo->modulus.v[2]) { /* Optimize for the case where limb of modulus is zero. */ + cd += (int128_t)modinfo->modulus.v[2] * md; + ce += (int128_t)modinfo->modulus.v[2] * me; + } + d->v[1] = (int64_t)cd & M62; cd >>= 62; + e->v[1] = (int64_t)ce & M62; ce >>= 62; + /* Compute limb 3 of t*[d,e]+modulus*[md,me], and store it as output limb 2. */ + cd += (int128_t)u * d3 + (int128_t)v * e3; + ce += (int128_t)q * d3 + (int128_t)r * e3; + if (modinfo->modulus.v[3]) { /* Optimize for the case where limb of modulus is zero. */ + cd += (int128_t)modinfo->modulus.v[3] * md; + ce += (int128_t)modinfo->modulus.v[3] * me; + } + d->v[2] = (int64_t)cd & M62; cd >>= 62; + e->v[2] = (int64_t)ce & M62; ce >>= 62; + /* Compute limb 4 of t*[d,e]+modulus*[md,me], and store it as output limb 3. */ + cd += (int128_t)u * d4 + (int128_t)v * e4; + ce += (int128_t)q * d4 + (int128_t)r * e4; + cd += (int128_t)modinfo->modulus.v[4] * md; + ce += (int128_t)modinfo->modulus.v[4] * me; + d->v[3] = (int64_t)cd & M62; cd >>= 62; + e->v[3] = (int64_t)ce & M62; ce >>= 62; + /* What remains is limb 5 of t*[d,e]+modulus*[md,me]; store it as output limb 4. */ + d->v[4] = (int64_t)cd; + e->v[4] = (int64_t)ce; +#ifdef VERIFY + VERIFY_CHECK(secp256k1_modinv64_mul_cmp_62(d, 5, &modinfo->modulus, -2) > 0); /* d > -2*modulus */ + VERIFY_CHECK(secp256k1_modinv64_mul_cmp_62(d, 5, &modinfo->modulus, 1) < 0); /* d < modulus */ + VERIFY_CHECK(secp256k1_modinv64_mul_cmp_62(e, 5, &modinfo->modulus, -2) > 0); /* e > -2*modulus */ + VERIFY_CHECK(secp256k1_modinv64_mul_cmp_62(e, 5, &modinfo->modulus, 1) < 0); /* e < modulus */ +#endif +} + +/* Compute (t/2^62) * [f, g], where t is a transition matrix scaled by 2^62. + * + * This implements the update_fg function from the explanation. + */ +static void secp256k1_modinv64_update_fg_62(secp256k1_modinv64_signed62 *f, secp256k1_modinv64_signed62 *g, const secp256k1_modinv64_trans2x2 *t) { + const int64_t M62 = (int64_t)(UINT64_MAX >> 2); + const int64_t f0 = f->v[0], f1 = f->v[1], f2 = f->v[2], f3 = f->v[3], f4 = f->v[4]; + const int64_t g0 = g->v[0], g1 = g->v[1], g2 = g->v[2], g3 = g->v[3], g4 = g->v[4]; + const int64_t u = t->u, v = t->v, q = t->q, r = t->r; + int128_t cf, cg; + /* Start computing t*[f,g]. */ + cf = (int128_t)u * f0 + (int128_t)v * g0; + cg = (int128_t)q * f0 + (int128_t)r * g0; + /* Verify that the bottom 62 bits of the result are zero, and then throw them away. */ + VERIFY_CHECK(((int64_t)cf & M62) == 0); cf >>= 62; + VERIFY_CHECK(((int64_t)cg & M62) == 0); cg >>= 62; + /* Compute limb 1 of t*[f,g], and store it as output limb 0 (= down shift). */ + cf += (int128_t)u * f1 + (int128_t)v * g1; + cg += (int128_t)q * f1 + (int128_t)r * g1; + f->v[0] = (int64_t)cf & M62; cf >>= 62; + g->v[0] = (int64_t)cg & M62; cg >>= 62; + /* Compute limb 2 of t*[f,g], and store it as output limb 1. */ + cf += (int128_t)u * f2 + (int128_t)v * g2; + cg += (int128_t)q * f2 + (int128_t)r * g2; + f->v[1] = (int64_t)cf & M62; cf >>= 62; + g->v[1] = (int64_t)cg & M62; cg >>= 62; + /* Compute limb 3 of t*[f,g], and store it as output limb 2. */ + cf += (int128_t)u * f3 + (int128_t)v * g3; + cg += (int128_t)q * f3 + (int128_t)r * g3; + f->v[2] = (int64_t)cf & M62; cf >>= 62; + g->v[2] = (int64_t)cg & M62; cg >>= 62; + /* Compute limb 4 of t*[f,g], and store it as output limb 3. */ + cf += (int128_t)u * f4 + (int128_t)v * g4; + cg += (int128_t)q * f4 + (int128_t)r * g4; + f->v[3] = (int64_t)cf & M62; cf >>= 62; + g->v[3] = (int64_t)cg & M62; cg >>= 62; + /* What remains is limb 5 of t*[f,g]; store it as output limb 4. */ + f->v[4] = (int64_t)cf; + g->v[4] = (int64_t)cg; +} + +/* Compute (t/2^62) * [f, g], where t is a transition matrix for 62 divsteps. + * + * Version that operates on a variable number of limbs in f and g. + * + * This implements the update_fg function from the explanation. + */ +static void secp256k1_modinv64_update_fg_62_var(int len, secp256k1_modinv64_signed62 *f, secp256k1_modinv64_signed62 *g, const secp256k1_modinv64_trans2x2 *t) { + const int64_t M62 = (int64_t)(UINT64_MAX >> 2); + const int64_t u = t->u, v = t->v, q = t->q, r = t->r; + int64_t fi, gi; + int128_t cf, cg; + int i; + VERIFY_CHECK(len > 0); + /* Start computing t*[f,g]. */ + fi = f->v[0]; + gi = g->v[0]; + cf = (int128_t)u * fi + (int128_t)v * gi; + cg = (int128_t)q * fi + (int128_t)r * gi; + /* Verify that the bottom 62 bits of the result are zero, and then throw them away. */ + VERIFY_CHECK(((int64_t)cf & M62) == 0); cf >>= 62; + VERIFY_CHECK(((int64_t)cg & M62) == 0); cg >>= 62; + /* Now iteratively compute limb i=1..len of t*[f,g], and store them in output limb i-1 (shifting + * down by 62 bits). */ + for (i = 1; i < len; ++i) { + fi = f->v[i]; + gi = g->v[i]; + cf += (int128_t)u * fi + (int128_t)v * gi; + cg += (int128_t)q * fi + (int128_t)r * gi; + f->v[i - 1] = (int64_t)cf & M62; cf >>= 62; + g->v[i - 1] = (int64_t)cg & M62; cg >>= 62; + } + /* What remains is limb (len) of t*[f,g]; store it as output limb (len-1). */ + f->v[len - 1] = (int64_t)cf; + g->v[len - 1] = (int64_t)cg; +} + +/* Compute the inverse of x modulo modinfo->modulus, and replace x with it (constant time in x). */ +static void secp256k1_modinv64(secp256k1_modinv64_signed62 *x, const secp256k1_modinv64_modinfo *modinfo) { + /* Start with d=0, e=1, f=modulus, g=x, zeta=-1. */ + secp256k1_modinv64_signed62 d = {{0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}; + secp256k1_modinv64_signed62 e = {{1, 0, 0, 0, 0}}; + secp256k1_modinv64_signed62 f = modinfo->modulus; + secp256k1_modinv64_signed62 g = *x; + int i; + int64_t zeta = -1; /* zeta = -(delta+1/2); delta starts at 1/2. */ + + /* Do 10 iterations of 59 divsteps each = 590 divsteps. This suffices for 256-bit inputs. */ + for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i) { + /* Compute transition matrix and new zeta after 59 divsteps. */ + secp256k1_modinv64_trans2x2 t; + zeta = secp256k1_modinv64_divsteps_59(zeta, f.v[0], g.v[0], &t); + /* Update d,e using that transition matrix. */ + secp256k1_modinv64_update_de_62(&d, &e, &t, modinfo); + /* Update f,g using that transition matrix. */ +#ifdef VERIFY + VERIFY_CHECK(secp256k1_modinv64_mul_cmp_62(&f, 5, &modinfo->modulus, -1) > 0); /* f > -modulus */ + VERIFY_CHECK(secp256k1_modinv64_mul_cmp_62(&f, 5, &modinfo->modulus, 1) <= 0); /* f <= modulus */ + VERIFY_CHECK(secp256k1_modinv64_mul_cmp_62(&g, 5, &modinfo->modulus, -1) > 0); /* g > -modulus */ + VERIFY_CHECK(secp256k1_modinv64_mul_cmp_62(&g, 5, &modinfo->modulus, 1) < 0); /* g < modulus */ +#endif + secp256k1_modinv64_update_fg_62(&f, &g, &t); +#ifdef VERIFY + VERIFY_CHECK(secp256k1_modinv64_mul_cmp_62(&f, 5, &modinfo->modulus, -1) > 0); /* f > -modulus */ + VERIFY_CHECK(secp256k1_modinv64_mul_cmp_62(&f, 5, &modinfo->modulus, 1) <= 0); /* f <= modulus */ + VERIFY_CHECK(secp256k1_modinv64_mul_cmp_62(&g, 5, &modinfo->modulus, -1) > 0); /* g > -modulus */ + VERIFY_CHECK(secp256k1_modinv64_mul_cmp_62(&g, 5, &modinfo->modulus, 1) < 0); /* g < modulus */ +#endif + } + + /* At this point sufficient iterations have been performed that g must have reached 0 + * and (if g was not originally 0) f must now equal +/- GCD of the initial f, g + * values i.e. +/- 1, and d now contains +/- the modular inverse. */ +#ifdef VERIFY + /* g == 0 */ + VERIFY_CHECK(secp256k1_modinv64_mul_cmp_62(&g, 5, &SECP256K1_SIGNED62_ONE, 0) == 0); + /* |f| == 1, or (x == 0 and d == 0 and |f|=modulus) */ + VERIFY_CHECK(secp256k1_modinv64_mul_cmp_62(&f, 5, &SECP256K1_SIGNED62_ONE, -1) == 0 || + secp256k1_modinv64_mul_cmp_62(&f, 5, &SECP256K1_SIGNED62_ONE, 1) == 0 || + (secp256k1_modinv64_mul_cmp_62(x, 5, &SECP256K1_SIGNED62_ONE, 0) == 0 && + secp256k1_modinv64_mul_cmp_62(&d, 5, &SECP256K1_SIGNED62_ONE, 0) == 0 && + (secp256k1_modinv64_mul_cmp_62(&f, 5, &modinfo->modulus, 1) == 0 || + secp256k1_modinv64_mul_cmp_62(&f, 5, &modinfo->modulus, -1) == 0))); +#endif + + /* Optionally negate d, normalize to [0,modulus), and return it. */ + secp256k1_modinv64_normalize_62(&d, f.v[4], modinfo); + *x = d; +} + +/* Compute the inverse of x modulo modinfo->modulus, and replace x with it (variable time). */ +static void secp256k1_modinv64_var(secp256k1_modinv64_signed62 *x, const secp256k1_modinv64_modinfo *modinfo) { + /* Start with d=0, e=1, f=modulus, g=x, eta=-1. */ + secp256k1_modinv64_signed62 d = {{0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}; + secp256k1_modinv64_signed62 e = {{1, 0, 0, 0, 0}}; + secp256k1_modinv64_signed62 f = modinfo->modulus; + secp256k1_modinv64_signed62 g = *x; +#ifdef VERIFY + int i = 0; +#endif + int j, len = 5; + int64_t eta = -1; /* eta = -delta; delta is initially 1 */ + int64_t cond, fn, gn; + + /* Do iterations of 62 divsteps each until g=0. */ + while (1) { + /* Compute transition matrix and new eta after 62 divsteps. */ + secp256k1_modinv64_trans2x2 t; + eta = secp256k1_modinv64_divsteps_62_var(eta, f.v[0], g.v[0], &t); + /* Update d,e using that transition matrix. */ + secp256k1_modinv64_update_de_62(&d, &e, &t, modinfo); + /* Update f,g using that transition matrix. */ +#ifdef VERIFY + VERIFY_CHECK(secp256k1_modinv64_mul_cmp_62(&f, len, &modinfo->modulus, -1) > 0); /* f > -modulus */ + VERIFY_CHECK(secp256k1_modinv64_mul_cmp_62(&f, len, &modinfo->modulus, 1) <= 0); /* f <= modulus */ + VERIFY_CHECK(secp256k1_modinv64_mul_cmp_62(&g, len, &modinfo->modulus, -1) > 0); /* g > -modulus */ + VERIFY_CHECK(secp256k1_modinv64_mul_cmp_62(&g, len, &modinfo->modulus, 1) < 0); /* g < modulus */ +#endif + secp256k1_modinv64_update_fg_62_var(len, &f, &g, &t); + /* If the bottom limb of g is zero, there is a chance that g=0. */ + if (g.v[0] == 0) { + cond = 0; + /* Check if the other limbs are also 0. */ + for (j = 1; j < len; ++j) { + cond |= g.v[j]; + } + /* If so, we're done. */ + if (cond == 0) break; + } + + /* Determine if len>1 and limb (len-1) of both f and g is 0 or -1. */ + fn = f.v[len - 1]; + gn = g.v[len - 1]; + cond = ((int64_t)len - 2) >> 63; + cond |= fn ^ (fn >> 63); + cond |= gn ^ (gn >> 63); + /* If so, reduce length, propagating the sign of f and g's top limb into the one below. */ + if (cond == 0) { + f.v[len - 2] |= (uint64_t)fn << 62; + g.v[len - 2] |= (uint64_t)gn << 62; + --len; + } +#ifdef VERIFY + VERIFY_CHECK(++i < 12); /* We should never need more than 12*62 = 744 divsteps */ + VERIFY_CHECK(secp256k1_modinv64_mul_cmp_62(&f, len, &modinfo->modulus, -1) > 0); /* f > -modulus */ + VERIFY_CHECK(secp256k1_modinv64_mul_cmp_62(&f, len, &modinfo->modulus, 1) <= 0); /* f <= modulus */ + VERIFY_CHECK(secp256k1_modinv64_mul_cmp_62(&g, len, &modinfo->modulus, -1) > 0); /* g > -modulus */ + VERIFY_CHECK(secp256k1_modinv64_mul_cmp_62(&g, len, &modinfo->modulus, 1) < 0); /* g < modulus */ +#endif + } + + /* At this point g is 0 and (if g was not originally 0) f must now equal +/- GCD of + * the initial f, g values i.e. +/- 1, and d now contains +/- the modular inverse. */ +#ifdef VERIFY + /* g == 0 */ + VERIFY_CHECK(secp256k1_modinv64_mul_cmp_62(&g, len, &SECP256K1_SIGNED62_ONE, 0) == 0); + /* |f| == 1, or (x == 0 and d == 0 and |f|=modulus) */ + VERIFY_CHECK(secp256k1_modinv64_mul_cmp_62(&f, len, &SECP256K1_SIGNED62_ONE, -1) == 0 || + secp256k1_modinv64_mul_cmp_62(&f, len, &SECP256K1_SIGNED62_ONE, 1) == 0 || + (secp256k1_modinv64_mul_cmp_62(x, 5, &SECP256K1_SIGNED62_ONE, 0) == 0 && + secp256k1_modinv64_mul_cmp_62(&d, 5, &SECP256K1_SIGNED62_ONE, 0) == 0 && + (secp256k1_modinv64_mul_cmp_62(&f, len, &modinfo->modulus, 1) == 0 || + secp256k1_modinv64_mul_cmp_62(&f, len, &modinfo->modulus, -1) == 0))); +#endif + + /* Optionally negate d, normalize to [0,modulus), and return it. */ + secp256k1_modinv64_normalize_62(&d, f.v[len - 1], modinfo); + *x = d; +} + +#endif /* SECP256K1_MODINV64_IMPL_H */ |