Merge bitcoin/bitcoin#24472: fuzz: execute each file in dir without fuzz engine

f59bee3fb242c9e02781a35272cf9644f37e7fc1 fuzz: execute each file in dir without fuzz engine (Anthony Towns)

Pull request description:

  Phony fuzzing (phuzzing)! Run the fuzz testing code against known inputs to detect errors. Advantage is you can easily test using the existing qa-assets datasets without having to compile with fuzzing enabled; disadvantage is that it doesn't do any actual fuzzing.

  Example usage:

  ```
  $ for a in ${QA_ASSETS}/fuzz_seed_corpus/*; do echo ${a##*/}; done | xargs -P8 -I {} /bin/sh -c "FUZZ={} test/fuzz/fuzz ${QA_ASSETS}/fuzz_seed_corpus/{}"
  No fuzzer for address_deserialize.
  No fuzzer for addrdb.
  No fuzzer for banentry_deserialize.
  addition_overflow: succeeded against 848 files in 0s.
  asmap: succeeded against 981 files in 0s.
  checkqueue: succeeded against 211 files in 0s.
  ...
  ```

  (`-P8` says run 8 of the tasks in parallel)

  If there are failures, the first one will be reported and the program will abort with output like:

  ```
  fuzz: test/fuzz/versionbits.cpp:336: void (anonymous namespace)::versionbits_fuzz_target(FuzzBufferType): Assertion `exp_state != ThresholdState::FAILED' failed.
  Error processing seed "corpus/versionbits/35345ae8e722234095810b1117a29b63af7621af"
  ```

  Rebase of #22763, which was a rebase of #21496, but also reports the name of the fuzzer and the time taken.

  Fixes #21461

Top commit has no ACKs.

Tree-SHA512: d8d046d4a309652eb13de42116276bf992480bc887ad3535a8ff18b354cb24826bc562b06af63802ec945c637f046563b6a5601d6321b46a5543127daafea09b

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