Merge bitcoin/bitcoin#30386: Early logging improvements

b4dd7ab43e8cfc2c171f67588e4e1ec2705393c2 logging: use std::string_view (Anthony Towns)
558df5c733d31456faf856d44f7037f41981d797 logging: Apply formatting to early log messages (Anthony Towns)
6cf9b344409efcc41a2b34f87100d25e1d2486af logging: Limit early logging buffer (Anthony Towns)
0b1960f1b29cfe5209ac68102c8643fc9553f247 logging: Add DisableLogging() (Anthony Towns)
6bbc2dd6c50f09ff1e70423dc29a404b570f5b69 logging: Add thread safety annotations (Anthony Towns)

Pull request description:

  In order to cope gracefully with `Log*()` calls that are invoked prior to logging being fully configured (indicated by calling `StartLogging()` we buffer early log messages in `m_msgs_before_open`. This has a couple of minor issues:

   * if there are many such log messages the buffer can become arbitrarily large; this can be a problem for users of libkernel that might not wish to worry about logging at all, and as a result never invoke `StartLogging()`
   * early log messages are formatted before the formatting options are configured, leading to inconsistent output

  Fix those issues by buffering the log info prior to formatting it, and setting a limit on the size of the buffer (dropping the oldest lines, and reporting the number of lines skipped).

  Also adds some thread safety annotations, and the ability to invoke `LogInstance().DisableLogging()` if you want to disable logging entirely, for a minor efficiency improvement.

ACKs for top commit:
  maflcko:
    re-ACK b4dd7ab43e8cfc2c171f67588e4e1ec2705393c2 🕴
  ryanofsky:
    Code review ACK b4dd7ab43e8cfc2c171f67588e4e1ec2705393c2
  TheCharlatan:
    Nice, ACK b4dd7ab43e8cfc2c171f67588e4e1ec2705393c2

Tree-SHA512: 966660181276939225a9f776de6ee0665e44577d2ee9cc76b06c8937297217482e6e426bdc5772d1ce533a0ba093a8556b6a50857d4c876ad8923e432a200440

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