log: deduplicate category names and improve logging.cpp

The code in `logging.cpp` needs to:
* Get the category name given the flag (e.g. `BCLog::PRUNE` -> `"prune"`)
* Get the flag given the category name (e.g. `"prune"` -> `BCLog::PRUNE`)
* Get the list of category names sorted in alphabetical order

Achieve this by using the proper std containers. The result is
* less code (this diff is +62 / -129)
* faster code (to linear search and no copy+sort)
* more maintainable code (the categories are no longer duplicated in
  `LogCategories[]` and `LogCategoryToStr()`)

This behavior is preserved:
`BCLog::NONE` -> `""` (lookup by `LogCategoryToStr()`)
`""` -> `BCLog::ALL` (lookup by `GetLogCategory("")`)

1 files changed, 62 insertions, 129 deletions

diff --git a/src/logging.cpp b/src/logging.cpp
index 42f100ded6..2e3cffb8c1 100644
--- a/src/logging.cpp
+++ b/src/logging.cpp
@@ -9,9 +9,8 @@
 #include <util/threadnames.h>
 #include <util/time.h>
 
-#include <algorithm>
 #include <array>
-#include <mutex>
+#include <map>
 #include <optional>
 
 const char * const DEFAULT_DEBUGLOGFILE = "debug.log";
@@ -142,49 +141,58 @@ bool BCLog::Logger::DefaultShrinkDebugFile() const
     return m_categories == BCLog::NONE;
 }
 
-struct CLogCategoryDesc {
-    BCLog::LogFlags flag;
-    std::string category;
-};
-
-const CLogCategoryDesc LogCategories[] =
-{
-    {BCLog::NONE, "0"},
-    {BCLog::NONE, ""},
-    {BCLog::NET, "net"},
-    {BCLog::TOR, "tor"},
-    {BCLog::MEMPOOL, "mempool"},
-    {BCLog::HTTP, "http"},
-    {BCLog::BENCH, "bench"},
-    {BCLog::ZMQ, "zmq"},
-    {BCLog::WALLETDB, "walletdb"},
-    {BCLog::RPC, "rpc"},
-    {BCLog::ESTIMATEFEE, "estimatefee"},
-    {BCLog::ADDRMAN, "addrman"},
-    {BCLog::SELECTCOINS, "selectcoins"},
-    {BCLog::REINDEX, "reindex"},
-    {BCLog::CMPCTBLOCK, "cmpctblock"},
-    {BCLog::RAND, "rand"},
-    {BCLog::PRUNE, "prune"},
-    {BCLog::PROXY, "proxy"},
-    {BCLog::MEMPOOLREJ, "mempoolrej"},
-    {BCLog::LIBEVENT, "libevent"},
-    {BCLog::COINDB, "coindb"},
-    {BCLog::QT, "qt"},
-    {BCLog::LEVELDB, "leveldb"},
-    {BCLog::VALIDATION, "validation"},
-    {BCLog::I2P, "i2p"},
-    {BCLog::IPC, "ipc"},
+static const std::map<std::string, BCLog::LogFlags> LOG_CATEGORIES_BY_STR{
+    {"0", BCLog::NONE},
+    {"", BCLog::NONE},
+    {"net", BCLog::NET},
+    {"tor", BCLog::TOR},
+    {"mempool", BCLog::MEMPOOL},
+    {"http", BCLog::HTTP},
+    {"bench", BCLog::BENCH},
+    {"zmq", BCLog::ZMQ},
+    {"walletdb", BCLog::WALLETDB},
+    {"rpc", BCLog::RPC},
+    {"estimatefee", BCLog::ESTIMATEFEE},
+    {"addrman", BCLog::ADDRMAN},
+    {"selectcoins", BCLog::SELECTCOINS},
+    {"reindex", BCLog::REINDEX},
+    {"cmpctblock", BCLog::CMPCTBLOCK},
+    {"rand", BCLog::RAND},
+    {"prune", BCLog::PRUNE},
+    {"proxy", BCLog::PROXY},
+    {"mempoolrej", BCLog::MEMPOOLREJ},
+    {"libevent", BCLog::LIBEVENT},
+    {"coindb", BCLog::COINDB},
+    {"qt", BCLog::QT},
+    {"leveldb", BCLog::LEVELDB},
+    {"validation", BCLog::VALIDATION},
+    {"i2p", BCLog::I2P},
+    {"ipc", BCLog::IPC},
 #ifdef DEBUG_LOCKCONTENTION
-    {BCLog::LOCK, "lock"},
+    {"lock", BCLog::LOCK},
 #endif
-    {BCLog::UTIL, "util"},
-    {BCLog::BLOCKSTORAGE, "blockstorage"},
-    {BCLog::TXRECONCILIATION, "txreconciliation"},
-    {BCLog::SCAN, "scan"},
-    {BCLog::TXPACKAGES, "txpackages"},
-    {BCLog::ALL, "1"},
-    {BCLog::ALL, "all"},
+    {"util", BCLog::UTIL},
+    {"blockstorage", BCLog::BLOCKSTORAGE},
+    {"txreconciliation", BCLog::TXRECONCILIATION},
+    {"scan", BCLog::SCAN},
+    {"txpackages", BCLog::TXPACKAGES},
+    {"1", BCLog::ALL},
+    {"all", BCLog::ALL},
+};
+
+static const std::unordered_map<BCLog::LogFlags, std::string> LOG_CATEGORIES_BY_FLAG{
+    // Swap keys and values from LOG_CATEGORIES_BY_STR.
+    [](const std::map<std::string, BCLog::LogFlags>& in) {
+        std::unordered_map<BCLog::LogFlags, std::string> out;
+        for (const auto& [k, v] : in) {
+            switch (v) {
+            case BCLog::NONE: out.emplace(BCLog::NONE, ""); break;
+            case BCLog::ALL: out.emplace(BCLog::ALL, "all"); break;
+            default: out.emplace(v, k);
+            }
+        }
+        return out;
+    }(LOG_CATEGORIES_BY_STR)
 };
 
 bool GetLogCategory(BCLog::LogFlags& flag, const std::string& str)
@@ -193,11 +201,10 @@ bool GetLogCategory(BCLog::LogFlags& flag, const std::string& str)
         flag = BCLog::ALL;
         return true;
     }
-    for (const CLogCategoryDesc& category_desc : LogCategories) {
-        if (category_desc.category == str) {
-            flag = category_desc.flag;
-            return true;
-        }
+    auto it = LOG_CATEGORIES_BY_STR.find(str);
+    if (it != LOG_CATEGORIES_BY_STR.end()) {
+        flag = it->second;
+        return true;
     }
     return false;
 }
@@ -221,76 +228,9 @@ std::string BCLog::Logger::LogLevelToStr(BCLog::Level level)
 
 std::string LogCategoryToStr(BCLog::LogFlags category)
 {
-    // Each log category string representation should sync with LogCategories
-    switch (category) {
-    case BCLog::LogFlags::NONE:
-        return "";
-    case BCLog::LogFlags::NET:
-        return "net";
-    case BCLog::LogFlags::TOR:
-        return "tor";
-    case BCLog::LogFlags::MEMPOOL:
-        return "mempool";
-    case BCLog::LogFlags::HTTP:
-        return "http";
-    case BCLog::LogFlags::BENCH:
-        return "bench";
-    case BCLog::LogFlags::ZMQ:
-        return "zmq";
-    case BCLog::LogFlags::WALLETDB:
-        return "walletdb";
-    case BCLog::LogFlags::RPC:
-        return "rpc";
-    case BCLog::LogFlags::ESTIMATEFEE:
-        return "estimatefee";
-    case BCLog::LogFlags::ADDRMAN:
-        return "addrman";
-    case BCLog::LogFlags::SELECTCOINS:
-        return "selectcoins";
-    case BCLog::LogFlags::REINDEX:
-        return "reindex";
-    case BCLog::LogFlags::CMPCTBLOCK:
-        return "cmpctblock";
-    case BCLog::LogFlags::RAND:
-        return "rand";
-    case BCLog::LogFlags::PRUNE:
-        return "prune";
-    case BCLog::LogFlags::PROXY:
-        return "proxy";
-    case BCLog::LogFlags::MEMPOOLREJ:
-        return "mempoolrej";
-    case BCLog::LogFlags::LIBEVENT:
-        return "libevent";
-    case BCLog::LogFlags::COINDB:
-        return "coindb";
-    case BCLog::LogFlags::QT:
-        return "qt";
-    case BCLog::LogFlags::LEVELDB:
-        return "leveldb";
-    case BCLog::LogFlags::VALIDATION:
-        return "validation";
-    case BCLog::LogFlags::I2P:
-        return "i2p";
-    case BCLog::LogFlags::IPC:
-        return "ipc";
-#ifdef DEBUG_LOCKCONTENTION
-    case BCLog::LogFlags::LOCK:
-        return "lock";
-#endif
-    case BCLog::LogFlags::UTIL:
-        return "util";
-    case BCLog::LogFlags::BLOCKSTORAGE:
-        return "blockstorage";
-    case BCLog::LogFlags::TXRECONCILIATION:
-        return "txreconciliation";
-    case BCLog::LogFlags::SCAN:
-        return "scan";
-    case BCLog::LogFlags::TXPACKAGES:
-        return "txpackages";
-    case BCLog::LogFlags::ALL:
-        return "all";
-    }
-    assert(false);
+    auto it = LOG_CATEGORIES_BY_FLAG.find(category);
+    assert(it != LOG_CATEGORIES_BY_FLAG.end());
+    return it->second;
 }
 
 static std::optional<BCLog::Level> GetLogLevel(const std::string& level_str)
@@ -312,18 +252,11 @@ static std::optional<BCLog::Level> GetLogLevel(const std::string& level_str)
 
 std::vector<LogCategory> BCLog::Logger::LogCategoriesList() const
 {
-    // Sort log categories by alphabetical order.
-    std::array<CLogCategoryDesc, std::size(LogCategories)> categories;
-    std::copy(std::begin(LogCategories), std::end(LogCategories), categories.begin());
-    std::sort(categories.begin(), categories.end(), [](auto a, auto b) { return a.category < b.category; });
-
     std::vector<LogCategory> ret;
-    for (const CLogCategoryDesc& category_desc : categories) {
-        if (category_desc.flag == BCLog::NONE || category_desc.flag == BCLog::ALL) continue;
-        LogCategory catActive;
-        catActive.category = category_desc.category;
-        catActive.active = WillLogCategory(category_desc.flag);
-        ret.push_back(catActive);
+    for (const auto& [category, flag] : LOG_CATEGORIES_BY_STR) {
+        if (flag != BCLog::NONE && flag != BCLog::ALL) {
+            ret.push_back(LogCategory{.category = category, .active = WillLogCategory(flag)});
+        }
     }
     return ret;
 }