Merge #21375: guix: Misc feedback-based fixes + hier restructuring

7476b46f1893a4858616d2a8456a7c43238851ed guix: Build dmg as a static binary (Carl Dong)
06d6cf6784421290e6235fe8684d5e08ed6f1b62 depends: libdmg-hfsplus: Skip CMake RPATH patching (Carl Dong)
65176ab5730dff34466caaecdd292625ef8294fc guix: Remove codesign_allocate+pagestuff from unsigned tarball (Carl Dong)
ca85679eb43b8375a95d82101977829d08fb1e1b guix: Use clang-toolchain instead of clang (Carl Dong)
1aec0eda8fd31a57b0621eea616398017c2ead98 guix: Fallback to local build for substitute-enabled Guix users (Carl Dong)
1742f8e12d163852df09575e03edcd3db73198ee guix: Add early health check for guix-daemon (Carl Dong)
c1ae726a13ecfa5e7e9fdc3030a8110b8bb263f8 guix: More thoroughly control native toolchain (Carl Dong)
39741128d3775d198dbee34dc827353bfd18acd8 guix: Supply --link-profile (Carl Dong)
d55a1056ee565afed64e42d6f6efb6b0adc5599b guix: Add troubleshooting documentation entries (Carl Dong)
7f401c953f8bb3574cec48561e13ef3b47dedc6e guix: Adapt guix-build to prelude, restructure hier (Carl Dong)
4eccf063b252bfe256cf72d363a24cf0183e926e guix: Remove guix-build.sh filename extension (Carl Dong)
7753357a7bae98ec775c707b9dec4cea1e945802 guix: Add source-able bash prelude and utils (Carl Dong)
e5b49a01f5d0f631e7f08f86ca8a2c2b8213319f guix: Create windeploy inside distsrc-* (Carl Dong)
3e9982ab3877eb8fe0a8c0cb3d847ac0913c7336 contrib: Silence git-describe when looking for tag (Carl Dong)
d5a71e97853ea9e1b879e8c76bfb01d4bef33172 guix: Use --cores instead of --max-jobs (Carl Dong)

Pull request description:

  This PR addresses a few hiccups encountered by the brave souls who've been experimenting with the Guix scripts:
  - Resolves confusion between `--cores=` and `--max-jobs=`
    - `guix`'s `--cores=` actually corresponds to make's `--jobs=`, so let's just control `--cores=` with our overridable env var
  - `git-describe` will scream `fatal: no tag exactly matches '<hash>'` when looking for a tag, but we don't care, so silence that
  - `windeploy/unsigned` should be inside `distsrc-*` and created idempotently (sorry I know this one annoyed people)
  - Add troubleshooting documentation to `README.md`
  - Add early health check for `guix-daemon` in case user forgot to start a `guix-daemon`
  - Depending on configuration, a `--fallback` flag may be needed to tell Guix to not fail if substitutes fail but fallback to building locally
  - `codesign_allocate` and `pagestuff` are now unnecessary for codesigning as we're now using `signapple`

  A few robustness changes are also included:
  - We supply the `--link-profile` flag, as some Guix packages may expect the profile to be available under `$HOME/.guix-profile`
  - We now clear and manually set all toolchain-related env vars (e.g. `C*_INCLUDE_PATH`) ourselves, after patching a Qt::moc bug
  - We use the native `clang-toolchain` package for darwin builds instead of `clang`, lining up with all our other toolchain packages.

  Finally, we restructure the guix building hierarchy such that it looks something like:
  ```
  guix-build-<short-hash-or-version-tag>
  ├── distsrc-<short-hash-or-version-tag>-${HOST}
  │   ├── contrib
  │   ├── depends
  │   ├── src
  │   └── ...
  ├── distsrc-<short-hash-or-version-tag>-...
  └── output
      ├── dist-archive
      │   └── bitcoin-<short-hash-or-version-tag>.tar.gz
      ├── *-linux-*
      │   ├── bitcoin-<short-hash-or-version-tag>-*-linux-*-debug.tar.gz
      │   └── bitcoin-<short-hash-or-version-tag>-*-linux-*.tar.gz
      ├── x86_64-apple-darwin18
      │   ├── bitcoin-<short-hash-or-version-tag>-osx64.tar.gz
      │   ├── bitcoin-<short-hash-or-version-tag>-osx-unsigned.dmg
      │   └── bitcoin-<short-hash-or-version-tag>-osx-unsigned.tar.gz
      └── x86_64-w64-mingw32
          ├── bitcoin-<short-hash-or-version-tag>-win64-debug.zip
          ├── bitcoin-<short-hash-or-version-tag>-win64-setup-unsigned.exe
          ├── bitcoin-<short-hash-or-version-tag>-win64.zip
          └── bitcoin-<short-hash-or-version-tag>-win-unsigned.tar.gz
  ```
  Separating guix builds by their version identifier (basically namespacing them) allows us to change the layout in the future without worry about potential naming conflicts.

ACKs for top commit:
  sipa:
    ACK 7476b46f1893a4858616d2a8456a7c43238851ed
  laanwj:
    ACK 7476b46f1893a4858616d2a8456a7c43238851ed

Tree-SHA512: 0e899aa941aafdf552b2a7e8a08131ee9283180bbef7334439e2461a02aa7235ab7b9ca9c149b80fc5d0a9f4bbd35bc80fcee26197c0836ba8eaf2d86ffa0386

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