scripted-diff: test: Use int from_bytes and to_bytes over struct packing

-BEGIN VERIFY SCRIPT-
 sed -i --regexp-extended 's!struct.unpack\("(|<|>)B", (.*)\)\[0\]!int.from_bytes(\2, "little")!g'               ./test/functional/test_framework/messages.py
 sed -i --regexp-extended 's!struct.unpack\("<(H|I|Q)", (.*)\)\[0\]!int.from_bytes(\2, "little")!g'              ./test/functional/test_framework/messages.py
 sed -i --regexp-extended 's!struct.unpack\("<(h|i|q)", (.*)\)\[0\]!int.from_bytes(\2, "little", signed=True)!g' ./test/functional/test_framework/messages.py
 sed -i --regexp-extended 's!struct.unpack\(">(H|I|Q)", (.*)\)\[0\]!int.from_bytes(\2, "big")!g'                 ./test/functional/test_framework/messages.py

 sed -i --regexp-extended 's!struct.pack\("<?B", (.*)\)!\1.to_bytes(1, "little")!g'             ./test/functional/test_framework/messages.py
 sed -i --regexp-extended 's!struct.pack\("<I", (.*)\)!\1.to_bytes(4, "little")!g'              ./test/functional/test_framework/messages.py
 sed -i --regexp-extended 's!struct.pack\("<i", (.*)\)!\1.to_bytes(4, "little", signed=True)!g' ./test/functional/test_framework/messages.py
 sed -i --regexp-extended 's!struct.pack\("<Q", (.*)\)!\1.to_bytes(8, "little")!g'              ./test/functional/test_framework/messages.py
 sed -i --regexp-extended 's!struct.pack\("<q", (.*)\)!\1.to_bytes(8, "little", signed=True)!g' ./test/functional/test_framework/messages.py
 sed -i --regexp-extended 's!struct.pack\(">H", (.*)\)!\1.to_bytes(2, "big")!g'                 ./test/functional/test_framework/messages.py
-END VERIFY SCRIPT-

1 files changed, 98 insertions, 98 deletions

diff --git a/test/functional/test_framework/messages.py b/test/functional/test_framework/messages.py
index c5050c0e6a..4b8bf7035c 100755
--- a/test/functional/test_framework/messages.py
+++ b/test/functional/test_framework/messages.py
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ def hash256(s):
 def ser_compact_size(l):
     r = b""
     if l < 253:
-        r = struct.pack("B", l)
+        r = l.to_bytes(1, "little")
     elif l < 0x10000:
         r = struct.pack("<BH", 253, l)
     elif l < 0x100000000:
@@ -101,13 +101,13 @@ def ser_compact_size(l):
 
 
 def deser_compact_size(f):
-    nit = struct.unpack("<B", f.read(1))[0]
+    nit = int.from_bytes(f.read(1), "little")
     if nit == 253:
-        nit = struct.unpack("<H", f.read(2))[0]
+        nit = int.from_bytes(f.read(2), "little")
     elif nit == 254:
-        nit = struct.unpack("<I", f.read(4))[0]
+        nit = int.from_bytes(f.read(4), "little")
     elif nit == 255:
-        nit = struct.unpack("<Q", f.read(8))[0]
+        nit = int.from_bytes(f.read(8), "little")
     return nit
 
 
@@ -272,13 +272,13 @@ class CAddress:
         """Deserialize from addrv1 format (pre-BIP155)"""
         if with_time:
             # VERSION messages serialize CAddress objects without time
-            self.time = struct.unpack("<I", f.read(4))[0]
-        self.nServices = struct.unpack("<Q", f.read(8))[0]
+            self.time = int.from_bytes(f.read(4), "little")
+        self.nServices = int.from_bytes(f.read(8), "little")
         # We only support IPv4 which means skip 12 bytes and read the next 4 as IPv4 address.
         f.read(12)
         self.net = self.NET_IPV4
         self.ip = socket.inet_ntoa(f.read(4))
-        self.port = struct.unpack(">H", f.read(2))[0]
+        self.port = int.from_bytes(f.read(2), "big")
 
     def serialize(self, *, with_time=True):
         """Serialize in addrv1 format (pre-BIP155)"""
@@ -286,20 +286,20 @@ class CAddress:
         r = b""
         if with_time:
             # VERSION messages serialize CAddress objects without time
-            r += struct.pack("<I", self.time)
-        r += struct.pack("<Q", self.nServices)
+            r += self.time.to_bytes(4, "little")
+        r += self.nServices.to_bytes(8, "little")
         r += b"\x00" * 10 + b"\xff" * 2
         r += socket.inet_aton(self.ip)
-        r += struct.pack(">H", self.port)
+        r += self.port.to_bytes(2, "big")
         return r
 
     def deserialize_v2(self, f):
         """Deserialize from addrv2 format (BIP155)"""
-        self.time = struct.unpack("<I", f.read(4))[0]
+        self.time = int.from_bytes(f.read(4), "little")
 
         self.nServices = deser_compact_size(f)
 
-        self.net = struct.unpack("B", f.read(1))[0]
+        self.net = int.from_bytes(f.read(1), "little")
         assert self.net in self.ADDRV2_NET_NAME
 
         address_length = deser_compact_size(f)
@@ -322,15 +322,15 @@ class CAddress:
         else:
             raise Exception(f"Address type not supported")
 
-        self.port = struct.unpack(">H", f.read(2))[0]
+        self.port = int.from_bytes(f.read(2), "big")
 
     def serialize_v2(self):
         """Serialize in addrv2 format (BIP155)"""
         assert self.net in self.ADDRV2_NET_NAME
         r = b""
-        r += struct.pack("<I", self.time)
+        r += self.time.to_bytes(4, "little")
         r += ser_compact_size(self.nServices)
-        r += struct.pack("B", self.net)
+        r += self.net.to_bytes(1, "little")
         r += ser_compact_size(self.ADDRV2_ADDRESS_LENGTH[self.net])
         if self.net == self.NET_IPV4:
             r += socket.inet_aton(self.ip)
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ class CAddress:
             r += socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET6, self.ip)
         else:
             raise Exception(f"Address type not supported")
-        r += struct.pack(">H", self.port)
+        r += self.port.to_bytes(2, "big")
         return r
 
     def __repr__(self):
@@ -375,12 +375,12 @@ class CInv:
         self.hash = h
 
     def deserialize(self, f):
-        self.type = struct.unpack("<I", f.read(4))[0]
+        self.type = int.from_bytes(f.read(4), "little")
         self.hash = deser_uint256(f)
 
     def serialize(self):
         r = b""
-        r += struct.pack("<I", self.type)
+        r += self.type.to_bytes(4, "little")
         r += ser_uint256(self.hash)
         return r
 
@@ -421,12 +421,12 @@ class COutPoint:
 
     def deserialize(self, f):
         self.hash = deser_uint256(f)
-        self.n = struct.unpack("<I", f.read(4))[0]
+        self.n = int.from_bytes(f.read(4), "little")
 
     def serialize(self):
         r = b""
         r += ser_uint256(self.hash)
-        r += struct.pack("<I", self.n)
+        r += self.n.to_bytes(4, "little")
         return r
 
     def __repr__(self):
@@ -448,13 +448,13 @@ class CTxIn:
         self.prevout = COutPoint()
         self.prevout.deserialize(f)
         self.scriptSig = deser_string(f)
-        self.nSequence = struct.unpack("<I", f.read(4))[0]
+        self.nSequence = int.from_bytes(f.read(4), "little")
 
     def serialize(self):
         r = b""
         r += self.prevout.serialize()
         r += ser_string(self.scriptSig)
-        r += struct.pack("<I", self.nSequence)
+        r += self.nSequence.to_bytes(4, "little")
         return r
 
     def __repr__(self):
@@ -471,12 +471,12 @@ class CTxOut:
         self.scriptPubKey = scriptPubKey
 
     def deserialize(self, f):
-        self.nValue = struct.unpack("<q", f.read(8))[0]
+        self.nValue = int.from_bytes(f.read(8), "little", signed=True)
         self.scriptPubKey = deser_string(f)
 
     def serialize(self):
         r = b""
-        r += struct.pack("<q", self.nValue)
+        r += self.nValue.to_bytes(8, "little", signed=True)
         r += ser_string(self.scriptPubKey)
         return r
 
@@ -575,11 +575,11 @@ class CTransaction:
             self.wit = copy.deepcopy(tx.wit)
 
     def deserialize(self, f):
-        self.nVersion = struct.unpack("<i", f.read(4))[0]
+        self.nVersion = int.from_bytes(f.read(4), "little", signed=True)
         self.vin = deser_vector(f, CTxIn)
         flags = 0
         if len(self.vin) == 0:
-            flags = struct.unpack("<B", f.read(1))[0]
+            flags = int.from_bytes(f.read(1), "little")
             # Not sure why flags can't be zero, but this
             # matches the implementation in bitcoind
             if (flags != 0):
@@ -592,16 +592,16 @@ class CTransaction:
             self.wit.deserialize(f)
         else:
             self.wit = CTxWitness()
-        self.nLockTime = struct.unpack("<I", f.read(4))[0]
+        self.nLockTime = int.from_bytes(f.read(4), "little")
         self.sha256 = None
         self.hash = None
 
     def serialize_without_witness(self):
         r = b""
-        r += struct.pack("<i", self.nVersion)
+        r += self.nVersion.to_bytes(4, "little", signed=True)
         r += ser_vector(self.vin)
         r += ser_vector(self.vout)
-        r += struct.pack("<I", self.nLockTime)
+        r += self.nLockTime.to_bytes(4, "little")
         return r
 
     # Only serialize with witness when explicitly called for
@@ -610,11 +610,11 @@ class CTransaction:
         if not self.wit.is_null():
             flags |= 1
         r = b""
-        r += struct.pack("<i", self.nVersion)
+        r += self.nVersion.to_bytes(4, "little", signed=True)
         if flags:
             dummy = []
             r += ser_vector(dummy)
-            r += struct.pack("<B", flags)
+            r += flags.to_bytes(1, "little")
         r += ser_vector(self.vin)
         r += ser_vector(self.vout)
         if flags & 1:
@@ -624,7 +624,7 @@ class CTransaction:
                 for _ in range(len(self.wit.vtxinwit), len(self.vin)):
                     self.wit.vtxinwit.append(CTxInWitness())
             r += self.wit.serialize()
-        r += struct.pack("<I", self.nLockTime)
+        r += self.nLockTime.to_bytes(4, "little")
         return r
 
     # Regular serialization is with witness -- must explicitly
@@ -703,34 +703,34 @@ class CBlockHeader:
         self.hash = None
 
     def deserialize(self, f):
-        self.nVersion = struct.unpack("<i", f.read(4))[0]
+        self.nVersion = int.from_bytes(f.read(4), "little", signed=True)
         self.hashPrevBlock = deser_uint256(f)
         self.hashMerkleRoot = deser_uint256(f)
-        self.nTime = struct.unpack("<I", f.read(4))[0]
-        self.nBits = struct.unpack("<I", f.read(4))[0]
-        self.nNonce = struct.unpack("<I", f.read(4))[0]
+        self.nTime = int.from_bytes(f.read(4), "little")
+        self.nBits = int.from_bytes(f.read(4), "little")
+        self.nNonce = int.from_bytes(f.read(4), "little")
         self.sha256 = None
         self.hash = None
 
     def serialize(self):
         r = b""
-        r += struct.pack("<i", self.nVersion)
+        r += self.nVersion.to_bytes(4, "little", signed=True)
         r += ser_uint256(self.hashPrevBlock)
         r += ser_uint256(self.hashMerkleRoot)
-        r += struct.pack("<I", self.nTime)
-        r += struct.pack("<I", self.nBits)
-        r += struct.pack("<I", self.nNonce)
+        r += self.nTime.to_bytes(4, "little")
+        r += self.nBits.to_bytes(4, "little")
+        r += self.nNonce.to_bytes(4, "little")
         return r
 
     def calc_sha256(self):
         if self.sha256 is None:
             r = b""
-            r += struct.pack("<i", self.nVersion)
+            r += self.nVersion.to_bytes(4, "little", signed=True)
             r += ser_uint256(self.hashPrevBlock)
             r += ser_uint256(self.hashMerkleRoot)
-            r += struct.pack("<I", self.nTime)
-            r += struct.pack("<I", self.nBits)
-            r += struct.pack("<I", self.nNonce)
+            r += self.nTime.to_bytes(4, "little")
+            r += self.nBits.to_bytes(4, "little")
+            r += self.nNonce.to_bytes(4, "little")
             self.sha256 = uint256_from_str(hash256(r))
             self.hash = hash256(r)[::-1].hex()
 
@@ -874,12 +874,12 @@ class P2PHeaderAndShortIDs:
 
     def deserialize(self, f):
         self.header.deserialize(f)
-        self.nonce = struct.unpack("<Q", f.read(8))[0]
+        self.nonce = int.from_bytes(f.read(8), "little")
         self.shortids_length = deser_compact_size(f)
         for _ in range(self.shortids_length):
             # shortids are defined to be 6 bytes in the spec, so append
             # two zero bytes and read it in as an 8-byte number
-            self.shortids.append(struct.unpack("<Q", f.read(6) + b'\x00\x00')[0])
+            self.shortids.append(int.from_bytes(f.read(6) + b'\x00\x00', "little"))
         self.prefilled_txn = deser_vector(f, PrefilledTransaction)
         self.prefilled_txn_length = len(self.prefilled_txn)
 
@@ -887,11 +887,11 @@ class P2PHeaderAndShortIDs:
     def serialize(self, with_witness=False):
         r = b""
         r += self.header.serialize()
-        r += struct.pack("<Q", self.nonce)
+        r += self.nonce.to_bytes(8, "little")
         r += ser_compact_size(self.shortids_length)
         for x in self.shortids:
             # We only want the first 6 bytes
-            r += struct.pack("<Q", x)[0:6]
+            r += x.to_bytes(8, "little")[0:6]
         if with_witness:
             r += ser_vector(self.prefilled_txn, "serialize_with_witness")
         else:
@@ -956,10 +956,10 @@ class HeaderAndShortIDs:
 
     def get_siphash_keys(self):
         header_nonce = self.header.serialize()
-        header_nonce += struct.pack("<Q", self.nonce)
+        header_nonce += self.nonce.to_bytes(8, "little")
         hash_header_nonce_as_str = sha256(header_nonce)
-        key0 = struct.unpack("<Q", hash_header_nonce_as_str[0:8])[0]
-        key1 = struct.unpack("<Q", hash_header_nonce_as_str[8:16])[0]
+        key0 = int.from_bytes(hash_header_nonce_as_str[0:8], "little")
+        key1 = int.from_bytes(hash_header_nonce_as_str[8:16], "little")
         return [ key0, key1 ]
 
     # Version 2 compact blocks use wtxid in shortids (rather than txid)
@@ -1057,7 +1057,7 @@ class CPartialMerkleTree:
         self.vBits = []
 
     def deserialize(self, f):
-        self.nTransactions = struct.unpack("<i", f.read(4))[0]
+        self.nTransactions = int.from_bytes(f.read(4), "little", signed=True)
         self.vHash = deser_uint256_vector(f)
         vBytes = deser_string(f)
         self.vBits = []
@@ -1066,7 +1066,7 @@ class CPartialMerkleTree:
 
     def serialize(self):
         r = b""
-        r += struct.pack("<i", self.nTransactions)
+        r += self.nTransactions.to_bytes(4, "little", signed=True)
         r += ser_uint256_vector(self.vHash)
         vBytesArray = bytearray([0x00] * ((len(self.vBits) + 7)//8))
         for i in range(len(self.vBits)):
@@ -1117,18 +1117,18 @@ class msg_version:
         self.relay = 0
 
     def deserialize(self, f):
-        self.nVersion = struct.unpack("<i", f.read(4))[0]
-        self.nServices = struct.unpack("<Q", f.read(8))[0]
-        self.nTime = struct.unpack("<q", f.read(8))[0]
+        self.nVersion = int.from_bytes(f.read(4), "little", signed=True)
+        self.nServices = int.from_bytes(f.read(8), "little")
+        self.nTime = int.from_bytes(f.read(8), "little", signed=True)
         self.addrTo = CAddress()
         self.addrTo.deserialize(f, with_time=False)
 
         self.addrFrom = CAddress()
         self.addrFrom.deserialize(f, with_time=False)
-        self.nNonce = struct.unpack("<Q", f.read(8))[0]
+        self.nNonce = int.from_bytes(f.read(8), "little")
         self.strSubVer = deser_string(f).decode('utf-8')
 
-        self.nStartingHeight = struct.unpack("<i", f.read(4))[0]
+        self.nStartingHeight = int.from_bytes(f.read(4), "little", signed=True)
 
         # Relay field is optional for version 70001 onwards
         # But, unconditionally check it to match behaviour in bitcoind
@@ -1136,14 +1136,14 @@ class msg_version:
 
     def serialize(self):
         r = b""
-        r += struct.pack("<i", self.nVersion)
-        r += struct.pack("<Q", self.nServices)
-        r += struct.pack("<q", self.nTime)
+        r += self.nVersion.to_bytes(4, "little", signed=True)
+        r += self.nServices.to_bytes(8, "little")
+        r += self.nTime.to_bytes(8, "little", signed=True)
         r += self.addrTo.serialize(with_time=False)
         r += self.addrFrom.serialize(with_time=False)
-        r += struct.pack("<Q", self.nNonce)
+        r += self.nNonce.to_bytes(8, "little")
         r += ser_string(self.strSubVer.encode('utf-8'))
-        r += struct.pack("<i", self.nStartingHeight)
+        r += self.nStartingHeight.to_bytes(4, "little", signed=True)
         r += self.relay.to_bytes(1, "little")
         return r
 
@@ -1390,11 +1390,11 @@ class msg_ping:
         self.nonce = nonce
 
     def deserialize(self, f):
-        self.nonce = struct.unpack("<Q", f.read(8))[0]
+        self.nonce = int.from_bytes(f.read(8), "little")
 
     def serialize(self):
         r = b""
-        r += struct.pack("<Q", self.nonce)
+        r += self.nonce.to_bytes(8, "little")
         return r
 
     def __repr__(self):
@@ -1409,11 +1409,11 @@ class msg_pong:
         self.nonce = nonce
 
     def deserialize(self, f):
-        self.nonce = struct.unpack("<Q", f.read(8))[0]
+        self.nonce = int.from_bytes(f.read(8), "little")
 
     def serialize(self):
         r = b""
-        r += struct.pack("<Q", self.nonce)
+        r += self.nonce.to_bytes(8, "little")
         return r
 
     def __repr__(self):
@@ -1554,16 +1554,16 @@ class msg_filterload:
 
     def deserialize(self, f):
         self.data = deser_string(f)
-        self.nHashFuncs = struct.unpack("<I", f.read(4))[0]
-        self.nTweak = struct.unpack("<I", f.read(4))[0]
-        self.nFlags = struct.unpack("<B", f.read(1))[0]
+        self.nHashFuncs = int.from_bytes(f.read(4), "little")
+        self.nTweak = int.from_bytes(f.read(4), "little")
+        self.nFlags = int.from_bytes(f.read(1), "little")
 
     def serialize(self):
         r = b""
         r += ser_string(self.data)
-        r += struct.pack("<I", self.nHashFuncs)
-        r += struct.pack("<I", self.nTweak)
-        r += struct.pack("<B", self.nFlags)
+        r += self.nHashFuncs.to_bytes(4, "little")
+        r += self.nTweak.to_bytes(4, "little")
+        r += self.nFlags.to_bytes(1, "little")
         return r
 
     def __repr__(self):
@@ -1615,11 +1615,11 @@ class msg_feefilter:
         self.feerate = feerate
 
     def deserialize(self, f):
-        self.feerate = struct.unpack("<Q", f.read(8))[0]
+        self.feerate = int.from_bytes(f.read(8), "little")
 
     def serialize(self):
         r = b""
-        r += struct.pack("<Q", self.feerate)
+        r += self.feerate.to_bytes(8, "little")
         return r
 
     def __repr__(self):
@@ -1636,12 +1636,12 @@ class msg_sendcmpct:
 
     def deserialize(self, f):
         self.announce = struct.unpack("<?", f.read(1))[0]
-        self.version = struct.unpack("<Q", f.read(8))[0]
+        self.version = int.from_bytes(f.read(8), "little")
 
     def serialize(self):
         r = b""
         r += struct.pack("<?", self.announce)
-        r += struct.pack("<Q", self.version)
+        r += self.version.to_bytes(8, "little")
         return r
 
     def __repr__(self):
@@ -1724,14 +1724,14 @@ class msg_getcfilters:
         self.stop_hash = stop_hash
 
     def deserialize(self, f):
-        self.filter_type = struct.unpack("<B", f.read(1))[0]
-        self.start_height = struct.unpack("<I", f.read(4))[0]
+        self.filter_type = int.from_bytes(f.read(1), "little")
+        self.start_height = int.from_bytes(f.read(4), "little")
         self.stop_hash = deser_uint256(f)
 
     def serialize(self):
         r = b""
-        r += struct.pack("<B", self.filter_type)
-        r += struct.pack("<I", self.start_height)
+        r += self.filter_type.to_bytes(1, "little")
+        r += self.start_height.to_bytes(4, "little")
         r += ser_uint256(self.stop_hash)
         return r
 
@@ -1749,13 +1749,13 @@ class msg_cfilter:
         self.filter_data = filter_data
 
     def deserialize(self, f):
-        self.filter_type = struct.unpack("<B", f.read(1))[0]
+        self.filter_type = int.from_bytes(f.read(1), "little")
         self.block_hash = deser_uint256(f)
         self.filter_data = deser_string(f)
 
     def serialize(self):
         r = b""
-        r += struct.pack("<B", self.filter_type)
+        r += self.filter_type.to_bytes(1, "little")
         r += ser_uint256(self.block_hash)
         r += ser_string(self.filter_data)
         return r
@@ -1774,14 +1774,14 @@ class msg_getcfheaders:
         self.stop_hash = stop_hash
 
     def deserialize(self, f):
-        self.filter_type = struct.unpack("<B", f.read(1))[0]
-        self.start_height = struct.unpack("<I", f.read(4))[0]
+        self.filter_type = int.from_bytes(f.read(1), "little")
+        self.start_height = int.from_bytes(f.read(4), "little")
         self.stop_hash = deser_uint256(f)
 
     def serialize(self):
         r = b""
-        r += struct.pack("<B", self.filter_type)
-        r += struct.pack("<I", self.start_height)
+        r += self.filter_type.to_bytes(1, "little")
+        r += self.start_height.to_bytes(4, "little")
         r += ser_uint256(self.stop_hash)
         return r
 
@@ -1800,14 +1800,14 @@ class msg_cfheaders:
         self.hashes = hashes
 
     def deserialize(self, f):
-        self.filter_type = struct.unpack("<B", f.read(1))[0]
+        self.filter_type = int.from_bytes(f.read(1), "little")
         self.stop_hash = deser_uint256(f)
         self.prev_header = deser_uint256(f)
         self.hashes = deser_uint256_vector(f)
 
     def serialize(self):
         r = b""
-        r += struct.pack("<B", self.filter_type)
+        r += self.filter_type.to_bytes(1, "little")
         r += ser_uint256(self.stop_hash)
         r += ser_uint256(self.prev_header)
         r += ser_uint256_vector(self.hashes)
@@ -1826,12 +1826,12 @@ class msg_getcfcheckpt:
         self.stop_hash = stop_hash
 
     def deserialize(self, f):
-        self.filter_type = struct.unpack("<B", f.read(1))[0]
+        self.filter_type = int.from_bytes(f.read(1), "little")
         self.stop_hash = deser_uint256(f)
 
     def serialize(self):
         r = b""
-        r += struct.pack("<B", self.filter_type)
+        r += self.filter_type.to_bytes(1, "little")
         r += ser_uint256(self.stop_hash)
         return r
 
@@ -1849,13 +1849,13 @@ class msg_cfcheckpt:
         self.headers = headers
 
     def deserialize(self, f):
-        self.filter_type = struct.unpack("<B", f.read(1))[0]
+        self.filter_type = int.from_bytes(f.read(1), "little")
         self.stop_hash = deser_uint256(f)
         self.headers = deser_uint256_vector(f)
 
     def serialize(self):
         r = b""
-        r += struct.pack("<B", self.filter_type)
+        r += self.filter_type.to_bytes(1, "little")
         r += ser_uint256(self.stop_hash)
         r += ser_uint256_vector(self.headers)
         return r
@@ -1873,13 +1873,13 @@ class msg_sendtxrcncl:
         self.salt = 0
 
     def deserialize(self, f):
-        self.version = struct.unpack("<I", f.read(4))[0]
-        self.salt = struct.unpack("<Q", f.read(8))[0]
+        self.version = int.from_bytes(f.read(4), "little")
+        self.salt = int.from_bytes(f.read(8), "little")
 
     def serialize(self):
         r = b""
-        r += struct.pack("<I", self.version)
-        r += struct.pack("<Q", self.salt)
+        r += self.version.to_bytes(4, "little")
+        r += self.salt.to_bytes(8, "little")
         return r
 
     def __repr__(self):