Merge bitcoin/bitcoin#27334: util: implement `noexcept` move assignment & move ctor for `prevector`

bfb9291a8661fe5b26c14ed755cfa89d27c37110 util: implement prevector's move ctor & move assignment (Martin Leitner-Ankerl)
fffc86f49f4eeb811b8438bc1b7f8d9e05882c6f test: CScriptCheck is used a lot in std::vector, make sure that's efficient (Martin Leitner-Ankerl)
81f67977f543faca2dcc35846f73e2917375ae79 util: prevector's move ctor and move assignment is `noexcept` (Martin Leitner-Ankerl)
d380d2877ed45cf1e75a87d822b30e4e1e21e3d4 bench: Add benchmark for prevector usage in std::vector (Martin Leitner-Ankerl)

Pull request description:

  `prevector`'s move assignment and move constructor were not `noexcept`, which makes it inefficient to use inside STL containers like `std::vector`. That's the case e.g. for `CScriptCheck`. This PR adds `noexcept`, and also implements the move assignment & ctor, which makes it quite a bit more efficient to use prevector in an std::vector.

  The PR also adds a benchmark which grows an `std::vector` by adding `prevector` objects to it.

  merge-base:
  |               ns/op |                op/s |    err% |          ins/op |          cyc/op |    IPC |         bra/op |   miss% |     total | benchmark
  |--------------------:|--------------------:|--------:|----------------:|----------------:|-------:|---------------:|--------:|----------:|:----------
  |            6,440.29 |          155,272.42 |    0.2% |       40,713.01 |       20,473.84 |  1.989 |       7,132.01 |    0.2% |      0.44 | `PrevectorFillVectorDirectNontrivial`
  |            3,213.19 |          311,217.35 |    0.7% |       35,373.01 |       10,214.07 |  3.463 |       6,945.00 |    0.2% |      0.43 | `PrevectorFillVectorDirectTrivial`
  |           34,749.70 |           28,777.23 |    0.1% |      364,396.05 |      110,521.94 |  3.297 |      78,568.37 |    0.1% |      0.43 | `PrevectorFillVectorIndirectNontrivial`
  |           32,535.05 |           30,736.09 |    0.4% |      353,823.31 |      103,464.53 |  3.420 |      79,871.80 |    0.2% |      0.40 | `PrevectorFillVectorIndirectTrivial`

  util: prevector's move ctor and move assignment is `noexcept`:
  |               ns/op |                op/s |    err% |          ins/op |          cyc/op |    IPC |         bra/op |   miss% |     total | benchmark
  |--------------------:|--------------------:|--------:|----------------:|----------------:|-------:|---------------:|--------:|----------:|:----------
  |            6,603.87 |          151,426.40 |    0.2% |       23,734.01 |       21,009.63 |  1.130 |       2,445.01 |    0.3% |      0.44 | `PrevectorFillVectorDirectNontrivial`
  |            1,980.93 |          504,813.15 |    0.1% |       13,784.00 |        6,304.32 |  2.186 |       2,258.00 |    0.3% |      0.44 | `PrevectorFillVectorDirectTrivial`
  |           19,110.54 |           52,327.15 |    0.1% |      139,816.41 |       51,987.72 |  2.689 |      28,512.18 |    0.1% |      0.43 | `PrevectorFillVectorIndirectNontrivial`
  |           12,334.37 |           81,074.27 |    0.7% |      125,655.12 |       39,253.58 |  3.201 |      27,854.46 |    0.2% |      0.44 | `PrevectorFillVectorIndirectTrivial`

  util: implement prevector's move ctor & move assignment
  |               ns/op |                op/s |    err% |          ins/op |          cyc/op |    IPC |         bra/op |   miss% |     total | benchmark
  |--------------------:|--------------------:|--------:|----------------:|----------------:|-------:|---------------:|--------:|----------:|:----------
  |            5,262.66 |          190,018.01 |    0.2% |       20,157.01 |       16,745.26 |  1.204 |       2,445.01 |    0.3% |      0.44 | `PrevectorFillVectorDirectNontrivial`
  |            1,687.07 |          592,744.35 |    0.2% |       12,742.00 |        5,368.02 |  2.374 |       2,258.00 |    0.3% |      0.44 | `PrevectorFillVectorDirectTrivial`
  |           17,930.80 |           55,769.95 |    0.1% |      136,237.69 |       47,903.31 |  2.844 |      28,512.02 |    0.2% |      0.42 | `PrevectorFillVectorIndirectNontrivial`
  |           11,893.75 |           84,077.78 |    0.2% |      126,182.02 |       37,852.91 |  3.333 |      28,152.01 |    0.1% |      0.44 | `PrevectorFillVectorIndirectTrivial`

  As can be seen, mostly thanks to just `noexcept` the benchmark becomes about 2 times faster because `std::vector` can now use move operations instead of having to fall back to copy everything

  I had a look at how this change affects the other benchmarks, and they are all pretty much the same, the only noticable difference is `CCheckQueueSpeedPrevectorJob` goes from 364.56ns down to 346.21ns.

ACKs for top commit:
  achow101:
    ACK bfb9291a8661fe5b26c14ed755cfa89d27c37110
  jonatack:
    > Tested Approach ACK [bfb9291](https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/commit/bfb9291a8661fe5b26c14ed755cfa89d27c37110), ~ACK modulo re-verifying the implementation of the last commit.
  john-moffett:
    Approach ACK bfb9291a8661fe5b26c14ed755cfa89d27c37110
  theStack:
    Tested and light code-review ACK bfb9291a8661fe5b26c14ed755cfa89d27c37110

Tree-SHA512: 242995d7cb2f8ebfa73177aa690a505f189d91edeb8cea3e34a41ca507c8cb17c65fe2a4e196fdafc5c6e89b2b2222627bfc9f5c316517de0857b7b5e9c58225

3 files changed, 43 insertions, 4 deletions

diff --git a/src/bench/prevector.cpp b/src/bench/prevector.cpp
index 59c4af086e..2524e215e4 100644
--- a/src/bench/prevector.cpp
+++ b/src/bench/prevector.cpp
@@ -80,6 +80,30 @@ static void PrevectorDeserialize(benchmark::Bench& bench)
     });
 }
 
+template <typename T>
+static void PrevectorFillVectorDirect(benchmark::Bench& bench)
+{
+    bench.run([&] {
+        std::vector<prevector<28, T>> vec;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < 260; ++i) {
+            vec.emplace_back();
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+
+template <typename T>
+static void PrevectorFillVectorIndirect(benchmark::Bench& bench)
+{
+    bench.run([&] {
+        std::vector<prevector<28, T>> vec;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < 260; ++i) {
+            // force allocation
+            vec.emplace_back(29, T{});
+        }
+    });
+}
+
 #define PREVECTOR_TEST(name)                                         \
     static void Prevector##name##Nontrivial(benchmark::Bench& bench) \
     {                                                                \
@@ -96,3 +120,5 @@ PREVECTOR_TEST(Clear)
 PREVECTOR_TEST(Destructor)
 PREVECTOR_TEST(Resize)
 PREVECTOR_TEST(Deserialize)
+PREVECTOR_TEST(FillVectorDirect)
+PREVECTOR_TEST(FillVectorIndirect)
diff --git a/src/prevector.h b/src/prevector.h
index f36cfe4ff6..bcab1ff00c 100644
--- a/src/prevector.h
+++ b/src/prevector.h
@@ -264,8 +264,10 @@ public:
         fill(item_ptr(0), other.begin(),  other.end());
     }
 
-    prevector(prevector<N, T, Size, Diff>&& other) {
-        swap(other);
+    prevector(prevector<N, T, Size, Diff>&& other) noexcept
+        : _union(std::move(other._union)), _size(other._size)
+    {
+        other._size = 0;
     }
 
     prevector& operator=(const prevector<N, T, Size, Diff>& other) {
@@ -276,8 +278,13 @@ public:
         return *this;
     }
 
-    prevector& operator=(prevector<N, T, Size, Diff>&& other) {
-        swap(other);
+    prevector& operator=(prevector<N, T, Size, Diff>&& other) noexcept {
+        if (!is_direct()) {
+            free(_union.indirect_contents.indirect);
+        }
+        _union = std::move(other._union);
+        _size = other._size;
+        other._size = 0;
         return *this;
     }
 
diff --git a/src/validation.h b/src/validation.h
index 7b215dea6b..8bc8842c54 100644
--- a/src/validation.h
+++ b/src/validation.h
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <string>
 #include <thread>
+#include <type_traits>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -330,6 +331,11 @@ public:
     ScriptError GetScriptError() const { return error; }
 };
 
+// CScriptCheck is used a lot in std::vector, make sure that's efficient
+static_assert(std::is_nothrow_move_assignable_v<CScriptCheck>);
+static_assert(std::is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<CScriptCheck>);
+static_assert(std::is_nothrow_destructible_v<CScriptCheck>);
+
 /** Initializes the script-execution cache */
 [[nodiscard]] bool InitScriptExecutionCache(size_t max_size_bytes);