group refresh sessions into groups for nicer history

15 files changed, 425 insertions, 351 deletions

diff --git a/src/crypto/workers/cryptoImplementation.ts b/src/crypto/workers/cryptoImplementation.ts
index 04d15fb4b..01cd797b9 100644
--- a/src/crypto/workers/cryptoImplementation.ts
+++ b/src/crypto/workers/cryptoImplementation.ts
@@ -395,7 +395,6 @@ export class CryptoImplementation {
 
       const newAmount = Amounts.sub(cd.coin.currentAmount, coinSpend).amount;
       cd.coin.currentAmount = newAmount;
-      cd.coin.status = CoinStatus.Dirty;
 
       const d = buildSigPS(SignaturePurpose.WALLET_COIN_DEPOSIT)
         .put(decodeCrock(contractTermsHash))
@@ -509,10 +508,7 @@ export class CryptoImplementation {
       valueOutput = Amounts.add(valueOutput, denom.value).amount;
     }
 
-    const refreshSessionId = encodeCrock(getRandomBytes(32));
-
     const refreshSession: RefreshSessionRecord = {
-      refreshSessionId,
       confirmSig: encodeCrock(confirmSig),
       exchangeBaseUrl,
       hash: encodeCrock(sessionHash),
@@ -526,7 +522,6 @@ export class CryptoImplementation {
       valueOutput,
       valueWithFee,
       created: getTimestampNow(),
-      retryInfo: initRetryInfo(),
       finishedTimestamp: undefined,
       lastError: undefined,
     };
diff --git a/src/headless/taler-wallet-cli.ts b/src/headless/taler-wallet-cli.ts
index 2e2ded52c..8d4341103 100644
--- a/src/headless/taler-wallet-cli.ts
+++ b/src/headless/taler-wallet-cli.ts
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ advancedCli
   .requiredArgument("coinPub", clk.STRING)
   .action(async args => {
     await withWallet(args, async wallet => {
-      await wallet.refresh(args.refresh.coinPub, true);
+      await wallet.refresh(args.refresh.coinPub);
     });
   });
 
diff --git a/src/operations/balance.ts b/src/operations/balance.ts
index f5a51abec..15d8e52fa 100644
--- a/src/operations/balance.ts
+++ b/src/operations/balance.ts
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ export async function getBalances(
   };
 
   await ws.db.runWithReadTransaction(
-    [Stores.coins, Stores.refresh, Stores.reserves, Stores.purchases, Stores.withdrawalSession],
+    [Stores.coins, Stores.refreshGroups, Stores.reserves, Stores.purchases, Stores.withdrawalSession],
     async tx => {
       await tx.iter(Stores.coins).forEach(c => {
         if (c.suspended) {
@@ -83,39 +83,30 @@ export async function getBalances(
         if (c.status === CoinStatus.Fresh) {
           addTo(balanceStore, "available", c.currentAmount, c.exchangeBaseUrl);
         }
-        if (c.status === CoinStatus.Dirty) {
-          addTo(
-            balanceStore,
-            "pendingIncoming",
-            c.currentAmount,
-            c.exchangeBaseUrl,
-          );
-          addTo(
-            balanceStore,
-            "pendingIncomingDirty",
-            c.currentAmount,
-            c.exchangeBaseUrl,
-          );
-        }
       });
-      await tx.iter(Stores.refresh).forEach(r => {
+      await tx.iter(Stores.refreshGroups).forEach(r => {
         // Don't count finished refreshes, since the refresh already resulted
         // in coins being added to the wallet.
         if (r.finishedTimestamp) {
           return;
         }
-        addTo(
-          balanceStore,
-          "pendingIncoming",
-          r.valueOutput,
-          r.exchangeBaseUrl,
-        );
-        addTo(
-          balanceStore,
-          "pendingIncomingRefresh",
-          r.valueOutput,
-          r.exchangeBaseUrl,
-        );
+        for (let i = 0; i < r.oldCoinPubs.length; i++) {
+          const session = r.refreshSessionPerCoin[i];
+          if (session) {
+            addTo(
+              balanceStore,
+              "pendingIncoming",
+              session.valueOutput,
+              session.exchangeBaseUrl,
+            );
+            addTo(
+              balanceStore,
+              "pendingIncomingRefresh",
+              session.valueOutput,
+              session.exchangeBaseUrl,
+            );
+          }
+        }
       });
 
       await tx.iter(Stores.withdrawalSession).forEach(wds => {
diff --git a/src/operations/history.ts b/src/operations/history.ts
index 64f5b21cc..8b225ea07 100644
--- a/src/operations/history.ts
+++ b/src/operations/history.ts
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ export async function getHistory(
       Stores.exchanges,
       Stores.proposals,
       Stores.purchases,
-      Stores.refresh,
+      Stores.refreshGroups,
       Stores.reserves,
       Stores.tips,
       Stores.withdrawalSession,
diff --git a/src/operations/pay.ts b/src/operations/pay.ts
index 27f0e4404..ccb55305d 100644
--- a/src/operations/pay.ts
+++ b/src/operations/pay.ts
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ import {
   PreparePayResult,
   ConfirmPayResult,
   OperationError,
+  RefreshReason,
 } from "../types/walletTypes";
 import {
   Database
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ import {
   parseRefundUri,
   getOrderDownloadUrl,
 } from "../util/taleruri";
-import { getTotalRefreshCost, refresh } from "./refresh";
+import { getTotalRefreshCost, createRefreshGroup } from "./refresh";
 import { encodeCrock, getRandomBytes } from "../crypto/talerCrypto";
 import { guardOperationException } from "./errors";
 import { assertUnreachable } from "../util/assertUnreachable";
@@ -782,26 +783,21 @@ export async function submitPay(
       console.error("coin not found");
       throw Error("coin used in payment not found");
     }
-    c.status = CoinStatus.Dirty;
+    c.status = CoinStatus.Dormant;
     modifiedCoins.push(c);
   }
 
   await ws.db.runWithWriteTransaction(
-    [Stores.coins, Stores.purchases],
+    [Stores.coins, Stores.purchases, Stores.refreshGroups],
     async tx => {
       for (let c of modifiedCoins) {
         await tx.put(Stores.coins, c);
       }
+      await createRefreshGroup(tx, modifiedCoins.map((x) => ({ coinPub: x.coinPub })), RefreshReason.Pay);
       await tx.put(Stores.purchases, purchase);
     },
   );
 
-  for (const c of purchase.payReq.coins) {
-    refresh(ws, c.coin_pub).catch(e => {
-      console.log("error in refreshing after payment:", e);
-    });
-  }
-
   const nextUrl = getNextUrl(purchase.contractTerms);
   ws.cachedNextUrl[purchase.contractTerms.fulfillment_url] = {
     nextUrl,
@@ -1433,7 +1429,7 @@ async function processPurchaseApplyRefundImpl(
     let allRefundsProcessed = false;
 
     await ws.db.runWithWriteTransaction(
-      [Stores.purchases, Stores.coins],
+      [Stores.purchases, Stores.coins, Stores.refreshGroups],
       async tx => {
         const p = await tx.get(Stores.purchases, proposalId);
         if (!p) {
@@ -1456,10 +1452,11 @@ async function processPurchaseApplyRefundImpl(
         }
         const refundAmount = Amounts.parseOrThrow(perm.refund_amount);
         const refundFee = Amounts.parseOrThrow(perm.refund_fee);
-        c.status = CoinStatus.Dirty;
+        c.status = CoinStatus.Dormant;
         c.currentAmount = Amounts.add(c.currentAmount, refundAmount).amount;
         c.currentAmount = Amounts.sub(c.currentAmount, refundFee).amount;
         await tx.put(Stores.coins, c);
+        await createRefreshGroup(tx, [{ coinPub: perm.coin_pub }], RefreshReason.Refund);
       },
     );
     if (allRefundsProcessed) {
@@ -1467,7 +1464,6 @@ async function processPurchaseApplyRefundImpl(
         type: NotificationType.RefundFinished,
       });
     }
-    await refresh(ws, perm.coin_pub);
   }
 
   ws.notify({
diff --git a/src/operations/pending.ts b/src/operations/pending.ts
index 13859c64b..27892df06 100644
--- a/src/operations/pending.ts
+++ b/src/operations/pending.ts
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ import {
   CoinStatus,
   ProposalStatus,
 } from "../types/dbTypes";
-import { PendingOperationsResponse } from "../types/pending";
+import { PendingOperationsResponse, PendingOperationType } from "../types/pending";
 
 function updateRetryDelay(
   oldDelay: Duration,
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ async function gatherExchangePending(
       case ExchangeUpdateStatus.FINISHED:
         if (e.lastError) {
           resp.pendingOperations.push({
-            type: "bug",
+            type: PendingOperationType.Bug,
             givesLifeness: false,
             message:
               "Exchange record is in FINISHED state but has lastError set",
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ async function gatherExchangePending(
         }
         if (!e.details) {
           resp.pendingOperations.push({
-            type: "bug",
+            type: PendingOperationType.Bug,
             givesLifeness: false,
             message:
               "Exchange record does not have details, but no update in progress.",
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ async function gatherExchangePending(
         }
         if (!e.wireInfo) {
           resp.pendingOperations.push({
-            type: "bug",
+            type: PendingOperationType.Bug,
             givesLifeness: false,
             message:
               "Exchange record does not have wire info, but no update in progress.",
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ async function gatherExchangePending(
         break;
       case ExchangeUpdateStatus.FETCH_KEYS:
         resp.pendingOperations.push({
-          type: "exchange-update",
+          type: PendingOperationType.ExchangeUpdate,
           givesLifeness: false,
           stage: "fetch-keys",
           exchangeBaseUrl: e.baseUrl,
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ async function gatherExchangePending(
         break;
       case ExchangeUpdateStatus.FETCH_WIRE:
         resp.pendingOperations.push({
-          type: "exchange-update",
+          type: PendingOperationType.ExchangeUpdate,
           givesLifeness: false,
           stage: "fetch-wire",
           exchangeBaseUrl: e.baseUrl,
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ async function gatherExchangePending(
         break;
       default:
         resp.pendingOperations.push({
-          type: "bug",
+          type: PendingOperationType.Bug,
           givesLifeness: false,
           message: "Unknown exchangeUpdateStatus",
           details: {
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ async function gatherReservePending(
           break;
         }
         resp.pendingOperations.push({
-          type: "reserve",
+          type: PendingOperationType.Reserve,
           givesLifeness: false,
           stage: reserve.reserveStatus,
           timestampCreated: reserve.created,
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ async function gatherReservePending(
           return;
         }
         resp.pendingOperations.push({
-          type: "reserve",
+          type: PendingOperationType.Reserve,
           givesLifeness: true,
           stage: reserve.reserveStatus,
           timestampCreated: reserve.created,
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ async function gatherReservePending(
         break;
       default:
         resp.pendingOperations.push({
-          type: "bug",
+          type: PendingOperationType.Bug,
           givesLifeness: false,
           message: "Unknown reserve record status",
           details: {
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ async function gatherRefreshPending(
   resp: PendingOperationsResponse,
   onlyDue: boolean = false,
 ): Promise<void> {
-  await tx.iter(Stores.refresh).forEach(r => {
+  await tx.iter(Stores.refreshGroups).forEach(r => {
     if (r.finishedTimestamp) {
       return;
     }
@@ -211,43 +211,15 @@ async function gatherRefreshPending(
     if (onlyDue && r.retryInfo.nextRetry.t_ms > now.t_ms) {
       return;
     }
-    let refreshStatus: string;
-    if (r.norevealIndex === undefined) {
-      refreshStatus = "melt";
-    } else {
-      refreshStatus = "reveal";
-    }
 
     resp.pendingOperations.push({
-      type: "refresh",
+      type: PendingOperationType.Refresh,
       givesLifeness: true,
-      oldCoinPub: r.meltCoinPub,
-      refreshStatus,
-      refreshOutputSize: r.newDenoms.length,
-      refreshSessionId: r.refreshSessionId,
+      refreshGroupId: r.refreshGroupId,
     });
   });
 }
 
-async function gatherCoinsPending(
-  tx: TransactionHandle,
-  now: Timestamp,
-  resp: PendingOperationsResponse,
-  onlyDue: boolean = false,
-): Promise<void> {
-  // Refreshing dirty coins is always due.
-  await tx.iter(Stores.coins).forEach(coin => {
-    if (coin.status == CoinStatus.Dirty) {
-      resp.nextRetryDelay = { d_ms: 0 };
-      resp.pendingOperations.push({
-        givesLifeness: true,
-        type: "dirty-coin",
-        coinPub: coin.coinPub,
-      });
-    }
-  });
-}
-
 async function gatherWithdrawalPending(
   tx: TransactionHandle,
   now: Timestamp,
@@ -272,7 +244,7 @@ async function gatherWithdrawalPending(
     );
     const numCoinsTotal = wsr.withdrawn.length;
     resp.pendingOperations.push({
-      type: "withdraw",
+      type: PendingOperationType.Withdraw,
       givesLifeness: true,
       numCoinsTotal,
       numCoinsWithdrawn,
@@ -294,7 +266,7 @@ async function gatherProposalPending(
         return;
       }
       resp.pendingOperations.push({
-        type: "proposal-choice",
+        type: PendingOperationType.ProposalChoice,
         givesLifeness: false,
         merchantBaseUrl: proposal.download!!.contractTerms.merchant_base_url,
         proposalId: proposal.proposalId,
@@ -310,7 +282,7 @@ async function gatherProposalPending(
         return;
       }
       resp.pendingOperations.push({
-        type: "proposal-download",
+        type: PendingOperationType.ProposalDownload,
         givesLifeness: true,
         merchantBaseUrl: proposal.merchantBaseUrl,
         orderId: proposal.orderId,
@@ -343,7 +315,7 @@ async function gatherTipPending(
     }
     if (tip.accepted) {
       resp.pendingOperations.push({
-        type: "tip",
+        type: PendingOperationType.TipPickup,
         givesLifeness: true,
         merchantBaseUrl: tip.merchantBaseUrl,
         tipId: tip.tipId,
@@ -368,7 +340,7 @@ async function gatherPurchasePending(
       );
       if (!onlyDue || pr.payRetryInfo.nextRetry.t_ms <= now.t_ms) {
         resp.pendingOperations.push({
-          type: "pay",
+          type: PendingOperationType.Pay,
           givesLifeness: true,
           isReplay: false,
           proposalId: pr.proposalId,
@@ -385,7 +357,7 @@ async function gatherPurchasePending(
       );
       if (!onlyDue || pr.refundStatusRetryInfo.nextRetry.t_ms <= now.t_ms) {
         resp.pendingOperations.push({
-          type: "refund-query",
+          type: PendingOperationType.RefundQuery,
           givesLifeness: true,
           proposalId: pr.proposalId,
           retryInfo: pr.refundStatusRetryInfo,
@@ -403,7 +375,7 @@ async function gatherPurchasePending(
       );
       if (!onlyDue || pr.refundApplyRetryInfo.nextRetry.t_ms <= now.t_ms) {
         resp.pendingOperations.push({
-          type: "refund-apply",
+          type: PendingOperationType.RefundApply,
           numRefundsDone,
           numRefundsPending,
           givesLifeness: true,
@@ -429,7 +401,7 @@ export async function getPendingOperations(
     [
       Stores.exchanges,
       Stores.reserves,
-      Stores.refresh,
+      Stores.refreshGroups,
       Stores.coins,
       Stores.withdrawalSession,
       Stores.proposals,
@@ -440,7 +412,6 @@ export async function getPendingOperations(
       await gatherExchangePending(tx, now, resp, onlyDue);
       await gatherReservePending(tx, now, resp, onlyDue);
       await gatherRefreshPending(tx, now, resp, onlyDue);
-      await gatherCoinsPending(tx, now, resp, onlyDue);
       await gatherWithdrawalPending(tx, now, resp, onlyDue);
       await gatherProposalPending(tx, now, resp, onlyDue);
       await gatherTipPending(tx, now, resp, onlyDue);
diff --git a/src/operations/refresh.ts b/src/operations/refresh.ts
index 4ffc3ea60..be23a5bb0 100644
--- a/src/operations/refresh.ts
+++ b/src/operations/refresh.ts
@@ -25,16 +25,24 @@ import {
   RefreshSessionRecord,
   initRetryInfo,
   updateRetryInfoTimeout,
+  RefreshGroupRecord,
 } from "../types/dbTypes";
 import { amountToPretty } from "../util/helpers";
-import { Database } from "../util/query";
+import { Database, TransactionHandle } from "../util/query";
 import { InternalWalletState } from "./state";
 import { Logger } from "../util/logging";
 import { getWithdrawDenomList } from "./withdraw";
 import { updateExchangeFromUrl } from "./exchanges";
-import { getTimestampNow, OperationError } from "../types/walletTypes";
+import {
+  getTimestampNow,
+  OperationError,
+  CoinPublicKey,
+  RefreshReason,
+  RefreshGroupId,
+} from "../types/walletTypes";
 import { guardOperationException } from "./errors";
 import { NotificationType } from "../types/notifications";
+import { getRandomBytes, encodeCrock } from "../crypto/talerCrypto";
 
 const logger = new Logger("refresh.ts");
 
@@ -71,11 +79,130 @@ export function getTotalRefreshCost(
   return totalCost;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Create a refresh session inside a refresh group.
+ */
+async function refreshCreateSession(
+  ws: InternalWalletState,
+  refreshGroupId: string,
+  coinIndex: number,
+): Promise<void> {
+  logger.trace(
+    `creating refresh session for coin ${coinIndex} in refresh group ${refreshGroupId}`,
+  );
+  const refreshGroup = await ws.db.get(Stores.refreshGroups, refreshGroupId);
+  if (!refreshGroup) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (refreshGroup.finishedPerCoin[coinIndex]) {
+    return;
+  }
+  const existingRefreshSession = refreshGroup.refreshSessionPerCoin[coinIndex];
+  if (existingRefreshSession) {
+    return;
+  }
+  const oldCoinPub = refreshGroup.oldCoinPubs[coinIndex];
+  const coin = await ws.db.get(Stores.coins, oldCoinPub);
+  if (!coin) {
+    throw Error("Can't refresh, coin not found");
+  }
+
+  const exchange = await updateExchangeFromUrl(ws, coin.exchangeBaseUrl);
+  if (!exchange) {
+    throw Error("db inconsistent: exchange of coin not found");
+  }
+
+  const oldDenom = await ws.db.get(Stores.denominations, [
+    exchange.baseUrl,
+    coin.denomPub,
+  ]);
+
+  if (!oldDenom) {
+    throw Error("db inconsistent: denomination for coin not found");
+  }
+
+  const availableDenoms: DenominationRecord[] = await ws.db
+    .iterIndex(Stores.denominations.exchangeBaseUrlIndex, exchange.baseUrl)
+    .toArray();
+
+  const availableAmount = Amounts.sub(coin.currentAmount, oldDenom.feeRefresh)
+    .amount;
+
+  const newCoinDenoms = getWithdrawDenomList(availableAmount, availableDenoms);
+
+  if (newCoinDenoms.length === 0) {
+    logger.trace(
+      `not refreshing, available amount ${amountToPretty(
+        availableAmount,
+      )} too small`,
+    );
+    await ws.db.runWithWriteTransaction(
+      [Stores.coins, Stores.refreshGroups],
+      async tx => {
+        const rg = await tx.get(Stores.refreshGroups, refreshGroupId);
+        if (!rg) {
+          return;
+        }
+        rg.finishedPerCoin[coinIndex] = true;
+        await tx.put(Stores.refreshGroups, rg);
+      },
+    );
+    ws.notify({ type: NotificationType.RefreshRefused });
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const refreshSession: RefreshSessionRecord = await ws.cryptoApi.createRefreshSession(
+    exchange.baseUrl,
+    3,
+    coin,
+    newCoinDenoms,
+    oldDenom.feeRefresh,
+  );
+
+  // Store refresh session and subtract refreshed amount from
+  // coin in the same transaction.
+  await ws.db.runWithWriteTransaction(
+    [Stores.refreshGroups, Stores.coins],
+    async tx => {
+      const c = await tx.get(Stores.coins, coin.coinPub);
+      if (!c) {
+        throw Error("coin not found, but marked for refresh");
+      }
+      const r = Amounts.sub(c.currentAmount, refreshSession.valueWithFee);
+      if (r.saturated) {
+        console.log("can't refresh coin, no amount left");
+        return;
+      }
+      c.currentAmount = r.amount;
+      c.status = CoinStatus.Dormant;
+      const rg = await tx.get(Stores.refreshGroups, refreshGroupId);
+      if (!rg) {
+        return;
+      }
+      if (rg.refreshSessionPerCoin[coinIndex]) {
+        return;
+      }
+      rg.refreshSessionPerCoin[coinIndex] = refreshSession;
+      await tx.put(Stores.refreshGroups, rg);
+      await tx.put(Stores.coins, c);
+    },
+  );
+  logger.info(
+    `created refresh session for coin #${coinIndex} in ${refreshGroupId}`,
+  );
+  ws.notify({ type: NotificationType.RefreshStarted });
+}
+
 async function refreshMelt(
   ws: InternalWalletState,
-  refreshSessionId: string,
+  refreshGroupId: string,
+  coinIndex: number,
 ): Promise<void> {
-  const refreshSession = await ws.db.get(Stores.refresh, refreshSessionId);
+  const refreshGroup = await ws.db.get(Stores.refreshGroups, refreshGroupId);
+  if (!refreshGroup) {
+    return;
+  }
+  const refreshSession = refreshGroup.refreshSessionPerCoin[coinIndex];
   if (!refreshSession) {
     return;
   }
@@ -122,7 +249,11 @@ async function refreshMelt(
 
   refreshSession.norevealIndex = norevealIndex;
 
-  await ws.db.mutate(Stores.refresh, refreshSessionId, rs => {
+  await ws.db.mutate(Stores.refreshGroups, refreshGroupId, rg => {
+    const rs = rg.refreshSessionPerCoin[coinIndex];
+    if (!rs) {
+      return;
+    }
     if (rs.norevealIndex !== undefined) {
       return;
     }
@@ -130,7 +261,7 @@ async function refreshMelt(
       return;
     }
     rs.norevealIndex = norevealIndex;
-    return rs;
+    return rg;
   });
 
   ws.notify({
@@ -140,9 +271,14 @@ async function refreshMelt(
 
 async function refreshReveal(
   ws: InternalWalletState,
-  refreshSessionId: string,
+  refreshGroupId: string,
+  coinIndex: number,
 ): Promise<void> {
-  const refreshSession = await ws.db.get(Stores.refresh, refreshSessionId);
+  const refreshGroup = await ws.db.get(Stores.refreshGroups, refreshGroupId);
+  if (!refreshGroup) {
+    return;
+  }
+  const refreshSession = refreshGroup.refreshSessionPerCoin[coinIndex];
   if (!refreshSession) {
     return;
   }
@@ -253,23 +389,38 @@ async function refreshReveal(
   }
 
   await ws.db.runWithWriteTransaction(
-    [Stores.coins, Stores.refresh],
+    [Stores.coins, Stores.refreshGroups],
     async tx => {
-      const rs = await tx.get(Stores.refresh, refreshSessionId);
-      if (!rs) {
+      const rg = await tx.get(Stores.refreshGroups, refreshGroupId);
+      if (!rg) {
         console.log("no refresh session found");
         return;
       }
+      const rs = rg.refreshSessionPerCoin[coinIndex];
+      if (!rs) {
+        return;
+      }
       if (rs.finishedTimestamp) {
         console.log("refresh session already finished");
         return;
       }
       rs.finishedTimestamp = getTimestampNow();
-      rs.retryInfo = initRetryInfo(false);
+      rg.finishedPerCoin[coinIndex] = true;
+      let allDone = true;
+      for (const f of rg.finishedPerCoin) {
+        if (!f) {
+          allDone = false;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+      if (allDone) {
+        rg.finishedTimestamp = getTimestampNow();
+        rg.retryInfo = initRetryInfo(false);
+      }
       for (let coin of coins) {
         await tx.put(Stores.coins, coin);
       }
-      await tx.put(Stores.refresh, rs);
+      await tx.put(Stores.refreshGroups, rg);
     },
   );
   console.log("refresh finished (end of reveal)");
@@ -280,11 +431,11 @@ async function refreshReveal(
 
 async function incrementRefreshRetry(
   ws: InternalWalletState,
-  refreshSessionId: string,
+  refreshGroupId: string,
   err: OperationError | undefined,
 ): Promise<void> {
-  await ws.db.runWithWriteTransaction([Stores.refresh], async tx => {
-    const r = await tx.get(Stores.refresh, refreshSessionId);
+  await ws.db.runWithWriteTransaction([Stores.refreshGroups], async tx => {
+    const r = await tx.get(Stores.refreshGroups, refreshGroupId);
     if (!r) {
       return;
     }
@@ -294,31 +445,31 @@ async function incrementRefreshRetry(
     r.retryInfo.retryCounter++;
     updateRetryInfoTimeout(r.retryInfo);
     r.lastError = err;
-    await tx.put(Stores.refresh, r);
+    await tx.put(Stores.refreshGroups, r);
   });
   ws.notify({ type: NotificationType.RefreshOperationError });
 }
 
-export async function processRefreshSession(
+export async function processRefreshGroup(
   ws: InternalWalletState,
-  refreshSessionId: string,
+  refreshGroupId: string,
   forceNow: boolean = false,
-) {
-  return ws.memoProcessRefresh.memo(refreshSessionId, async () => {
+): Promise<void> {
+  await ws.memoProcessRefresh.memo(refreshGroupId, async () => {
     const onOpErr = (e: OperationError) =>
-      incrementRefreshRetry(ws, refreshSessionId, e);
-    return guardOperationException(
-      () => processRefreshSessionImpl(ws, refreshSessionId, forceNow),
+      incrementRefreshRetry(ws, refreshGroupId, e);
+    return await guardOperationException(
+      async () => await processRefreshGroupImpl(ws, refreshGroupId, forceNow),
       onOpErr,
     );
   });
 }
 
-async function resetRefreshSessionRetry(
+async function resetRefreshGroupRetry(
   ws: InternalWalletState,
   refreshSessionId: string,
 ) {
-  await ws.db.mutate(Stores.refresh, refreshSessionId, x => {
+  await ws.db.mutate(Stores.refreshGroups, refreshSessionId, x => {
     if (x.retryInfo.active) {
       x.retryInfo = initRetryInfo();
     }
@@ -326,124 +477,87 @@ async function resetRefreshSessionRetry(
   });
 }
 
-async function processRefreshSessionImpl(
+async function processRefreshGroupImpl(
   ws: InternalWalletState,
-  refreshSessionId: string,
+  refreshGroupId: string,
   forceNow: boolean,
 ) {
   if (forceNow) {
-    await resetRefreshSessionRetry(ws, refreshSessionId);
+    await resetRefreshGroupRetry(ws, refreshGroupId);
   }
-  const refreshSession = await ws.db.get(Stores.refresh, refreshSessionId);
-  if (!refreshSession) {
+  const refreshGroup = await ws.db.get(Stores.refreshGroups, refreshGroupId);
+  if (!refreshGroup) {
     return;
   }
-  if (refreshSession.finishedTimestamp) {
+  if (refreshGroup.finishedTimestamp) {
     return;
   }
-  if (typeof refreshSession.norevealIndex !== "number") {
-    await refreshMelt(ws, refreshSession.refreshSessionId);
-  }
-  await refreshReveal(ws, refreshSession.refreshSessionId);
+  const ps = refreshGroup.oldCoinPubs.map((x, i) =>
+    processRefreshSession(ws, refreshGroupId, i),
+  );
+  await Promise.all(ps);
   logger.trace("refresh finished");
 }
 
-export async function refresh(
+async function processRefreshSession(
   ws: InternalWalletState,
-  oldCoinPub: string,
-  force: boolean = false,
-): Promise<void> {
-  const coin = await ws.db.get(Stores.coins, oldCoinPub);
-  if (!coin) {
-    console.warn("can't refresh, coin not in database");
+  refreshGroupId: string,
+  coinIndex: number,
+) {
+  logger.trace(`processing refresh session for coin ${coinIndex} of group ${refreshGroupId}`);
+  let refreshGroup = await ws.db.get(Stores.refreshGroups, refreshGroupId);
+  if (!refreshGroup) {
     return;
   }
-  switch (coin.status) {
-    case CoinStatus.Dirty:
-      break;
-    case CoinStatus.Dormant:
-      return;
-    case CoinStatus.Fresh:
-      if (!force) {
-        return;
-      }
-      break;
-  }
-
-  const exchange = await updateExchangeFromUrl(ws, coin.exchangeBaseUrl);
-  if (!exchange) {
-    throw Error("db inconsistent: exchange of coin not found");
+  if (refreshGroup.finishedPerCoin[coinIndex]) {
+    return;
   }
-
-  const oldDenom = await ws.db.get(Stores.denominations, [
-    exchange.baseUrl,
-    coin.denomPub,
-  ]);
-
-  if (!oldDenom) {
-    throw Error("db inconsistent: denomination for coin not found");
+  if (!refreshGroup.refreshSessionPerCoin[coinIndex]) {
+    await refreshCreateSession(ws, refreshGroupId, coinIndex);
+    refreshGroup = await ws.db.get(Stores.refreshGroups, refreshGroupId);
+    if (!refreshGroup) {
+      return;
+    }
   }
-
-  const availableDenoms: DenominationRecord[] = await ws.db
-    .iterIndex(Stores.denominations.exchangeBaseUrlIndex, exchange.baseUrl)
-    .toArray();
-
-  const availableAmount = Amounts.sub(coin.currentAmount, oldDenom.feeRefresh)
-    .amount;
-
-  const newCoinDenoms = getWithdrawDenomList(availableAmount, availableDenoms);
-
-  if (newCoinDenoms.length === 0) {
-    logger.trace(
-      `not refreshing, available amount ${amountToPretty(
-        availableAmount,
-      )} too small`,
-    );
-    await ws.db.mutate(Stores.coins, oldCoinPub, x => {
-      if (x.status != coin.status) {
-        // Concurrent modification?
-        return;
-      }
-      x.status = CoinStatus.Dormant;
-      return x;
-    });
-    ws.notify({ type: NotificationType.RefreshRefused });
+  const refreshSession = refreshGroup.refreshSessionPerCoin[coinIndex];
+  if (!refreshSession) {
+    if (!refreshGroup.finishedPerCoin[coinIndex]) {
+      throw Error(
+        "BUG: refresh session was not created and coin not marked as finished",
+      );
+    }
     return;
   }
+  if (refreshSession.norevealIndex === undefined) {
+    await refreshMelt(ws, refreshGroupId, coinIndex);
+  }
+  await refreshReveal(ws, refreshGroupId, coinIndex);
+}
 
-  const refreshSession: RefreshSessionRecord = await ws.cryptoApi.createRefreshSession(
-    exchange.baseUrl,
-    3,
-    coin,
-    newCoinDenoms,
-    oldDenom.feeRefresh,
-  );
-
-  // Store refresh session and subtract refreshed amount from
-  // coin in the same transaction.
-  await ws.db.runWithWriteTransaction(
-    [Stores.refresh, Stores.coins],
-    async tx => {
-      const c = await tx.get(Stores.coins, coin.coinPub);
-      if (!c) {
-        return;
-      }
-      if (c.status !== CoinStatus.Dirty) {
-        return;
-      }
-      const r = Amounts.sub(c.currentAmount, refreshSession.valueWithFee);
-      if (r.saturated) {
-        console.log("can't refresh coin, no amount left");
-        return;
-      }
-      c.currentAmount = r.amount;
-      c.status = CoinStatus.Dormant;
-      await tx.put(Stores.refresh, refreshSession);
-      await tx.put(Stores.coins, c);
-    },
-  );
-  logger.info(`created refresh session ${refreshSession.refreshSessionId}`);
-  ws.notify({ type: NotificationType.RefreshStarted });
+/**
+ * Create a refresh group for a list of coins.
+ */
+export async function createRefreshGroup(
+  tx: TransactionHandle,
+  oldCoinPubs: CoinPublicKey[],
+  reason: RefreshReason,
+): Promise<RefreshGroupId> {
+  const refreshGroupId = encodeCrock(getRandomBytes(32));
+
+  const refreshGroup: RefreshGroupRecord = {
+    finishedTimestamp: undefined,
+    finishedPerCoin: oldCoinPubs.map(x => false),
+    lastError: undefined,
+    lastErrorPerCoin: oldCoinPubs.map(x => undefined),
+    oldCoinPubs: oldCoinPubs.map(x => x.coinPub),
+    reason,
+    refreshGroupId,
+    refreshSessionPerCoin: oldCoinPubs.map(x => undefined),
+    retryInfo: initRetryInfo(),
+  };
 
-  await processRefreshSession(ws, refreshSession.refreshSessionId);
+  await tx.put(Stores.refreshGroups, refreshGroup);
+  return {
+    refreshGroupId,
+  };
 }
diff --git a/src/operations/reserves.ts b/src/operations/reserves.ts
index 215d5ba7d..559d3ab08 100644
--- a/src/operations/reserves.ts
+++ b/src/operations/reserves.ts
@@ -458,10 +458,10 @@ async function processReserveImpl(
       break;
     case ReserveRecordStatus.REGISTERING_BANK:
       await processReserveBankStatus(ws, reservePub);
-      return processReserveImpl(ws, reservePub, true);
+      return await processReserveImpl(ws, reservePub, true);
     case ReserveRecordStatus.QUERYING_STATUS:
       await updateReserve(ws, reservePub);
-      return processReserveImpl(ws, reservePub, true);
+      return await processReserveImpl(ws, reservePub, true);
     case ReserveRecordStatus.WITHDRAWING:
       await depleteReserve(ws, reservePub);
       break;
diff --git a/src/operations/tip.ts b/src/operations/tip.ts
index f723374f9..f9953b513 100644
--- a/src/operations/tip.ts
+++ b/src/operations/tip.ts
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
  */
 
  
-import { Database } from "../util/query";
 import { InternalWalletState } from "./state";
 import { parseTipUri } from "../util/taleruri";
 import { TipStatus, getTimestampNow, OperationError } from "../types/walletTypes";
diff --git a/src/types/dbTypes.ts b/src/types/dbTypes.ts
index 6a00a497d..c05aa68d7 100644
--- a/src/types/dbTypes.ts
+++ b/src/types/dbTypes.ts
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ import {
   OperationError,
   Duration,
   getTimestampNow,
+  RefreshReason,
 } from "./walletTypes";
 
 export enum ReserveRecordStatus {
@@ -572,10 +573,6 @@ export enum CoinStatus {
    */
   Fresh = "fresh",
   /**
-   * Used for a completed transaction and now dirty.
-   */
-  Dirty = "dirty",
-  /**
    * A coin that has been spent and refreshed.
    */
   Dormant = "dormant",
@@ -849,6 +846,39 @@ export interface TipRecord {
   retryInfo: RetryInfo;
 }
 
+export interface RefreshGroupRecord {
+  /**
+   * Retry info, even present when the operation isn't active to allow indexing
+   * on the next retry timestamp.
+   */
+  retryInfo: RetryInfo;
+
+  lastError: OperationError | undefined;
+
+  lastErrorPerCoin: (OperationError | undefined)[];
+
+  refreshGroupId: string;
+
+  reason: RefreshReason;
+
+  oldCoinPubs: string[];
+
+  refreshSessionPerCoin: (RefreshSessionRecord | undefined)[];
+
+  /**
+   * Flag for each coin whether refreshing finished.
+   * If a coin can't be refreshed (remaining value too small),
+   * it will be marked as finished, but no refresh session will
+   * be created.
+   */
+  finishedPerCoin: boolean[];
+
+  /**
+   * Timestamp when the refresh session finished.
+   */
+  finishedTimestamp: Timestamp | undefined;
+}
+
 /**
  * Ongoing refresh
  */
@@ -913,30 +943,19 @@ export interface RefreshSessionRecord {
   hash: string;
 
   /**
-   * Base URL for the exchange we're doing the refresh with.
-   */
-  exchangeBaseUrl: string;
-
-  /**
    * Timestamp when the refresh session finished.
    */
   finishedTimestamp: Timestamp | undefined;
 
   /**
-   * A 32-byte base32-crockford encoded random identifier.
-   */
-  refreshSessionId: string;
-
-  /**
    * When has this refresh session been created?
    */
   created: Timestamp;
 
   /**
-   * Retry info, even present when the operation isn't active to allow indexing
-   * on the next retry timestamp.
+   * Base URL for the exchange we're doing the refresh with.
    */
-  retryInfo: RetryInfo;
+  exchangeBaseUrl: string;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1366,8 +1385,8 @@ export namespace Stores {
   export const denominations = new DenominationsStore();
   export const exchanges = new ExchangesStore();
   export const proposals = new ProposalsStore();
-  export const refresh = new Store<RefreshSessionRecord>("refresh", {
-    keyPath: "refreshSessionId",
+  export const refreshGroups = new Store<RefreshGroupRecord>("refreshGroups", {
+    keyPath: "refreshGroupId",
   });
   export const reserves = new ReservesStore();
   export const purchases = new PurchasesStore();
diff --git a/src/types/history.ts b/src/types/history.ts
index 06b863005..54004b122 100644
--- a/src/types/history.ts
+++ b/src/types/history.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { Timestamp } from "./walletTypes";
+import { Timestamp, RefreshReason } from "./walletTypes";
 
 /*
  This file is part of GNU Taler
@@ -604,18 +604,6 @@ export interface HistoryRefund {
 }
 
 /**
- * Reasons for why a coin is being refreshed.
- */
-export const enum RefreshReason {
-  Manual = "manual",
-  Pay = "pay",
-  Refund = "refund",
-  AbortPay = "abort-pay",
-  Recoup = "recoup",
-  BackupRestored = "backup-restored",
-}
-
-/**
  * Event to indicate that a group of refresh sessions has completed.
  */
 export interface HistoryRefreshedEvent {
diff --git a/src/types/pending.ts b/src/types/pending.ts
index 5e381d09a..d08d2c54e 100644
--- a/src/types/pending.ts
+++ b/src/types/pending.ts
@@ -24,27 +24,41 @@
 import { OperationError, Timestamp, Duration } from "./walletTypes";
 import { WithdrawalSource, RetryInfo } from "./dbTypes";
 
+export const enum PendingOperationType {
+  Bug = "bug",
+  ExchangeUpdate = "exchange-update",
+  Pay = "pay",
+  ProposalChoice = "proposal-choice",
+  ProposalDownload = "proposal-download",
+  Refresh = "refresh",
+  Reserve = "reserve",
+  RefundApply = "refund-apply",
+  RefundQuery = "refund-query",
+  TipChoice = "tip-choice",
+  TipPickup = "tip-pickup",
+  Withdraw = "withdraw",
+}
+
 /**
  * Information about a pending operation.
  */
 export type PendingOperationInfo = PendingOperationInfoCommon &
   (
-    | PendingWithdrawOperation
-    | PendingReserveOperation
     | PendingBugOperation
-    | PendingDirtyCoinOperation
     | PendingExchangeUpdateOperation
-    | PendingRefreshOperation
-    | PendingTipOperation
-    | PendingProposalDownloadOperation
-    | PendingProposalChoiceOperation
     | PendingPayOperation
-    | PendingRefundQueryOperation
+    | PendingProposalChoiceOperation
+    | PendingProposalDownloadOperation
+    | PendingRefreshOperation
     | PendingRefundApplyOperation
+    | PendingRefundQueryOperation
+    | PendingReserveOperation
+    | PendingTipPickupOperation
+    | PendingWithdrawOperation
   );
 
 export interface PendingExchangeUpdateOperation {
-  type: "exchange-update";
+  type: PendingOperationType.ExchangeUpdate;
   stage: string;
   reason: string;
   exchangeBaseUrl: string;
@@ -52,13 +66,13 @@ export interface PendingExchangeUpdateOperation {
 }
 
 export interface PendingBugOperation {
-  type: "bug";
+  type: PendingOperationType.Bug;
   message: string;
   details: any;
 }
 
 export interface PendingReserveOperation {
-  type: "reserve";
+  type: PendingOperationType.Reserve;
   retryInfo: RetryInfo | undefined;
   stage: string;
   timestampCreated: Timestamp;
@@ -68,21 +82,13 @@ export interface PendingReserveOperation {
 }
 
 export interface PendingRefreshOperation {
-  type: "refresh";
+  type: PendingOperationType.Refresh;
   lastError?: OperationError;
-  refreshSessionId: string;
-  oldCoinPub: string;
-  refreshStatus: string;
-  refreshOutputSize: number;
-}
-
-export interface PendingDirtyCoinOperation {
-  type: "dirty-coin";
-  coinPub: string;
+  refreshGroupId: string;
 }
 
 export interface PendingProposalDownloadOperation {
-  type: "proposal-download";
+  type: PendingOperationType.ProposalDownload;
   merchantBaseUrl: string;
   proposalTimestamp: Timestamp;
   proposalId: string;
@@ -96,66 +102,57 @@ export interface PendingProposalDownloadOperation {
  * proposed contract terms.
  */
 export interface PendingProposalChoiceOperation {
-  type: "proposal-choice";
+  type: PendingOperationType.ProposalChoice;
   merchantBaseUrl: string;
   proposalTimestamp: Timestamp;
   proposalId: string;
 }
 
-export interface PendingTipOperation {
-  type: "tip";
+export interface PendingTipPickupOperation {
+  type: PendingOperationType.TipPickup;
   tipId: string;
   merchantBaseUrl: string;
   merchantTipId: string;
 }
 
 export interface PendingPayOperation {
-  type: "pay";
+  type: PendingOperationType.Pay;
   proposalId: string;
   isReplay: boolean;
-  retryInfo: RetryInfo,
+  retryInfo: RetryInfo;
   lastError: OperationError | undefined;
 }
 
 export interface PendingRefundQueryOperation {
-  type: "refund-query";
+  type: PendingOperationType.RefundQuery;
   proposalId: string;
-  retryInfo: RetryInfo,
+  retryInfo: RetryInfo;
   lastError: OperationError | undefined;
 }
 
 export interface PendingRefundApplyOperation {
-  type: "refund-apply";
+  type: PendingOperationType.RefundApply;
   proposalId: string;
-  retryInfo: RetryInfo,
+  retryInfo: RetryInfo;
   lastError: OperationError | undefined;
   numRefundsPending: number;
   numRefundsDone: number;
 }
 
-export interface PendingOperationInfoCommon {
-  type: string;
-  givesLifeness: boolean;
-}
-
-
 export interface PendingWithdrawOperation {
-  type: "withdraw";
+  type: PendingOperationType.Withdraw;
   source: WithdrawalSource;
   withdrawSessionId: string;
   numCoinsWithdrawn: number;
   numCoinsTotal: number;
 }
 
-export interface PendingRefreshOperation {
-  type: "refresh";
-}
-
-export interface PendingPayOperation {
-  type: "pay";
+export interface PendingOperationInfoCommon {
+  type: PendingOperationType;
+  givesLifeness: boolean;
 }
 
 export interface PendingOperationsResponse {
   pendingOperations: PendingOperationInfo[];
   nextRetryDelay: Duration;
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/src/types/walletTypes.ts b/src/types/walletTypes.ts
index 903852b1b..eedae6f2c 100644
--- a/src/types/walletTypes.ts
+++ b/src/types/walletTypes.ts
@@ -506,3 +506,29 @@ export interface PlanchetCreationRequest {
   reservePub: string;
   reservePriv: string;
 }
+
+/**
+ * Reasons for why a coin is being refreshed.
+ */
+export const enum RefreshReason {
+  Manual = "manual",
+  Pay = "pay",
+  Refund = "refund",
+  AbortPay = "abort-pay",
+  Recoup = "recoup",
+  BackupRestored = "backup-restored",
+}
+
+/**
+ * Wrapper for coin public keys.
+ */
+export interface CoinPublicKey {
+  readonly coinPub: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Wrapper for refresh group IDs.
+ */
+export interface RefreshGroupId {
+  readonly refreshGroupId: string;
+}
diff --git a/src/util/asyncMemo.ts b/src/util/asyncMemo.ts
index 193ce6df6..17204a88e 100644
--- a/src/util/asyncMemo.ts
+++ b/src/util/asyncMemo.ts
@@ -39,15 +39,14 @@ export class AsyncOpMemoMap<T> {
     const n = this.n++;
     // Wrap the operation in case it immediately throws
     const p = Promise.resolve().then(() => pg());
-    p.finally(() => {
-      this.cleanUp(key, n);
-    });
     this.memoMap[key] = {
-      p,
-      n,
-      t: new Date().getTime(),
+     p,
+     n,
+     t: new Date().getTime(),
     };
-    return p;
+    return p.finally(() => {
+      this.cleanUp(key, n);
+    });
   }
   clear() {
     this.memoMap = {};
diff --git a/src/wallet.ts b/src/wallet.ts
index e4088fab2..163f3def9 100644
--- a/src/wallet.ts
+++ b/src/wallet.ts
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ import {
   AcceptWithdrawalResponse,
   PurchaseDetails,
   ExchangeWithdrawDetails,
+  RefreshReason,
 } from "./types/walletTypes";
 import { Logger } from "./util/logging";
 
@@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ import { processReserve } from "./operations/reserves";
 
 import { InternalWalletState } from "./operations/state";
 import { createReserve, confirmReserve } from "./operations/reserves";
-import { processRefreshSession, refresh } from "./operations/refresh";
+import { processRefreshGroup, createRefreshGroup } from "./operations/refresh";
 import { processWithdrawSession } from "./operations/withdraw";
 import { getHistory } from "./operations/history";
 import { getPendingOperations } from "./operations/pending";
@@ -103,7 +104,7 @@ import { payback } from "./operations/payback";
 import { TimerGroup } from "./util/timer";
 import { AsyncCondition } from "./util/promiseUtils";
 import { AsyncOpMemoSingle } from "./util/asyncMemo";
-import { PendingOperationInfo, PendingOperationsResponse } from "./types/pending";
+import { PendingOperationInfo, PendingOperationsResponse, PendingOperationType } from "./types/pending";
 import { WalletNotification, NotificationType } from "./types/notifications";
 import { HistoryQuery, HistoryEvent } from "./types/history";
 
@@ -180,48 +181,45 @@ export class Wallet {
   ): Promise<void> {
     console.log("running pending", pending);
     switch (pending.type) {
-      case "bug":
+      case PendingOperationType.Bug:
         // Nothing to do, will just be displayed to the user
         return;
-      case "dirty-coin":
-        await refresh(this.ws, pending.coinPub);
-        break;
-      case "exchange-update":
+      case PendingOperationType.ExchangeUpdate:
         await updateExchangeFromUrl(this.ws, pending.exchangeBaseUrl, forceNow);
         break;
-      case "refresh":
-        await processRefreshSession(
+      case PendingOperationType.Refresh:
+        await processRefreshGroup(
           this.ws,
-          pending.refreshSessionId,
+          pending.refreshGroupId,
           forceNow,
         );
         break;
-      case "reserve":
+      case PendingOperationType.Reserve:
         await processReserve(this.ws, pending.reservePub, forceNow);
         break;
-      case "withdraw":
+      case PendingOperationType.Withdraw:
         await processWithdrawSession(
           this.ws,
           pending.withdrawSessionId,
           forceNow,
         );
         break;
-      case "proposal-choice":
+      case PendingOperationType.ProposalChoice:
         // Nothing to do, user needs to accept/reject
         break;
-      case "proposal-download":
+        case PendingOperationType.ProposalDownload:
         await processDownloadProposal(this.ws, pending.proposalId, forceNow);
         break;
-      case "tip":
+      case PendingOperationType.TipPickup:
         await processTip(this.ws, pending.tipId, forceNow);
         break;
-      case "pay":
+      case PendingOperationType.Pay:
         await processPurchasePay(this.ws, pending.proposalId, forceNow);
         break;
-      case "refund-query":
+      case PendingOperationType.RefundQuery:
         await processPurchaseQueryRefund(this.ws, pending.proposalId, forceNow);
         break;
-      case "refund-apply":
+      case PendingOperationType.RefundApply:
         await processPurchaseApplyRefund(this.ws, pending.proposalId, forceNow);
         break;
       default:
@@ -370,28 +368,6 @@ export class Wallet {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Refresh all dirty coins.
-   * The returned promise resolves only after all refresh
-   * operations have completed.
-   */
-  async refreshDirtyCoins(): Promise<{ numRefreshed: number }> {
-    let n = 0;
-    const coins = await this.db.iter(Stores.coins).toArray();
-    for (let coin of coins) {
-      if (coin.status == CoinStatus.Dirty) {
-        try {
-          await this.refresh(coin.coinPub);
-        } catch (e) {
-          console.log("error during refresh");
-        }
-
-        n += 1;
-      }
-    }
-    return { numRefreshed: n };
-  }
-
-  /**
    * Add a contract to the wallet and sign coins, and send them.
    */
   async confirmPay(
@@ -496,9 +472,12 @@ export class Wallet {
     return this.ws.memoGetBalance.memo(() => getBalances(this.ws));
   }
 
-  async refresh(oldCoinPub: string, force: boolean = false): Promise<void> {
+  async refresh(oldCoinPub: string): Promise<void> {
     try {
-      return refresh(this.ws, oldCoinPub, force);
+      const refreshGroupId = await this.db.runWithWriteTransaction([Stores.refreshGroups], async (tx) => {
+        return await createRefreshGroup(tx, [{ coinPub: oldCoinPub }], RefreshReason.Manual);
+      });
+      await processRefreshGroup(this.ws, refreshGroupId.refreshGroupId);
     } catch (e) {
       this.latch.trigger();
     }