node_modules

13 files changed, 3303 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/node_modules/url/.npmignore b/node_modules/url/.npmignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ba114713b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/node_modules/url/.npmignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+test-url.js
diff --git a/node_modules/url/.travis.yml b/node_modules/url/.travis.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..16ed30155
--- /dev/null
+++ b/node_modules/url/.travis.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+language: node_js
+node_js:
+  - "0.10"
+env:
+  global:
+  - secure: OgPRLCzHFh5WbjHEKlghHFW1oOreSF2JVUr3CMaFDi03ngTS2WONSw8mRn8SA6FTldiGGBx1n8orDzUw6cdkB7+tkU3G5B0M0V3vl823NaUFKgxsCM3UGDYfJb3yfAG5cj72rVZoX/ABd1fVuG4vBIlDLxsSlKQFMzUCFoyttr8=
+  - secure: AiZP8GHbyx83ZBhOvOxxtpNcgNHoP+vo5G1a1OYU78EHCgHg8NRyHKyCdrBnPvw6mV2BI/8frZaXAEicsHMtHMofBYn7nibNlaajBPI8AkHtYfNSc+zO+71Kwv7VOTOKKnkMEIkqhHlc6njFoH3QaBNHsgNlzzplPxaIt8vdUVk=
diff --git a/node_modules/url/.zuul.yml b/node_modules/url/.zuul.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..feea8b60d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/node_modules/url/.zuul.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+ui: mocha-tdd
+browsers:
+  - name: chrome
+    version: latest
+  - name: firefox
+    version: 24..latest
+  - name: safari
+    version: latest
+  - name: ie
+    version: 9..latest
+  - name: iphone
+    version: oldest..latest
+  - name: ipad
+    version: oldest..latest
+  - name: android
+    version: oldest..latest
diff --git a/node_modules/url/LICENSE b/node_modules/url/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f45bc1186
--- /dev/null
+++ b/node_modules/url/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/node_modules/url/README.md b/node_modules/url/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8b3546028
--- /dev/null
+++ b/node_modules/url/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+# node-url
+
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/defunctzombie/node-url.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/defunctzombie/node-url)
+
+This module has utilities for URL resolution and parsing meant to have feature parity with node.js core [url](http://nodejs.org/api/url.html) module.
+
+```js
+var url = require('url');
+```
+
+## api
+
+Parsed URL objects have some or all of the following fields, depending on
+whether or not they exist in the URL string. Any parts that are not in the URL
+string will not be in the parsed object. Examples are shown for the URL
+
+`'http://user:pass@host.com:8080/p/a/t/h?query=string#hash'`
+
+* `href`: The full URL that was originally parsed. Both the protocol and host are lowercased.
+
+    Example: `'http://user:pass@host.com:8080/p/a/t/h?query=string#hash'`
+
+* `protocol`: The request protocol, lowercased.
+
+    Example: `'http:'`
+
+* `host`: The full lowercased host portion of the URL, including port
+  information.
+
+    Example: `'host.com:8080'`
+
+* `auth`: The authentication information portion of a URL.
+
+    Example: `'user:pass'`
+
+* `hostname`: Just the lowercased hostname portion of the host.
+
+    Example: `'host.com'`
+
+* `port`: The port number portion of the host.
+
+    Example: `'8080'`
+
+* `pathname`: The path section of the URL, that comes after the host and
+  before the query, including the initial slash if present.
+
+    Example: `'/p/a/t/h'`
+
+* `search`: The 'query string' portion of the URL, including the leading
+  question mark.
+
+    Example: `'?query=string'`
+
+* `path`: Concatenation of `pathname` and `search`.
+
+    Example: `'/p/a/t/h?query=string'`
+
+* `query`: Either the 'params' portion of the query string, or a
+  querystring-parsed object.
+
+    Example: `'query=string'` or `{'query':'string'}`
+
+* `hash`: The 'fragment' portion of the URL including the pound-sign.
+
+    Example: `'#hash'`
+
+The following methods are provided by the URL module:
+
+### url.parse(urlStr, [parseQueryString], [slashesDenoteHost])
+
+Take a URL string, and return an object.
+
+Pass `true` as the second argument to also parse
+the query string using the `querystring` module.
+Defaults to `false`.
+
+Pass `true` as the third argument to treat `//foo/bar` as
+`{ host: 'foo', pathname: '/bar' }` rather than
+`{ pathname: '//foo/bar' }`. Defaults to `false`.
+
+### url.format(urlObj)
+
+Take a parsed URL object, and return a formatted URL string.
+
+* `href` will be ignored.
+* `protocol` is treated the same with or without the trailing `:` (colon).
+  * The protocols `http`, `https`, `ftp`, `gopher`, `file` will be
+    postfixed with `://` (colon-slash-slash).
+  * All other protocols `mailto`, `xmpp`, `aim`, `sftp`, `foo`, etc will
+    be postfixed with `:` (colon)
+* `auth` will be used if present.
+* `hostname` will only be used if `host` is absent.
+* `port` will only be used if `host` is absent.
+* `host` will be used in place of `hostname` and `port`
+* `pathname` is treated the same with or without the leading `/` (slash)
+* `search` will be used in place of `query`
+* `query` (object; see `querystring`) will only be used if `search` is absent.
+* `search` is treated the same with or without the leading `?` (question mark)
+* `hash` is treated the same with or without the leading `#` (pound sign, anchor)
+
+### url.resolve(from, to)
+
+Take a base URL, and a href URL, and resolve them as a browser would for
+an anchor tag.  Examples:
+
+    url.resolve('/one/two/three', 'four')         // '/one/two/four'
+    url.resolve('http://example.com/', '/one')    // 'http://example.com/one'
+    url.resolve('http://example.com/one', '/two') // 'http://example.com/two'
diff --git a/node_modules/url/node_modules/punycode/LICENSE-MIT.txt b/node_modules/url/node_modules/punycode/LICENSE-MIT.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a41e0a7ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/node_modules/url/node_modules/punycode/LICENSE-MIT.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+Copyright Mathias Bynens <https://mathiasbynens.be/>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/node_modules/url/node_modules/punycode/README.md b/node_modules/url/node_modules/punycode/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..831e6379b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/node_modules/url/node_modules/punycode/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+# Punycode.js [![Build status](https://travis-ci.org/bestiejs/punycode.js.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/bestiejs/punycode.js) [![Code coverage status](http://img.shields.io/coveralls/bestiejs/punycode.js/master.svg)](https://coveralls.io/r/bestiejs/punycode.js) [![Dependency status](https://gemnasium.com/bestiejs/punycode.js.svg)](https://gemnasium.com/bestiejs/punycode.js)
+
+A robust Punycode converter that fully complies to [RFC 3492](http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3492) and [RFC 5891](http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5891), and works on nearly all JavaScript platforms.
+
+This JavaScript library is the result of comparing, optimizing and documenting different open-source implementations of the Punycode algorithm:
+
+* [The C example code from RFC 3492](http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3492#appendix-C)
+* [`punycode.c` by _Markus W. Scherer_ (IBM)](http://opensource.apple.com/source/ICU/ICU-400.42/icuSources/common/punycode.c)
+* [`punycode.c` by _Ben Noordhuis_](https://github.com/bnoordhuis/punycode/blob/master/punycode.c)
+* [JavaScript implementation by _some_](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/183485/can-anyone-recommend-a-good-free-javascript-for-punycode-to-unicode-conversion/301287#301287)
+* [`punycode.js` by _Ben Noordhuis_](https://github.com/joyent/node/blob/426298c8c1c0d5b5224ac3658c41e7c2a3fe9377/lib/punycode.js) (note: [not fully compliant](https://github.com/joyent/node/issues/2072))
+
+This project is [bundled](https://github.com/joyent/node/blob/master/lib/punycode.js) with [Node.js v0.6.2+](https://github.com/joyent/node/compare/975f1930b1...61e796decc).
+
+## Installation
+
+Via [npm](http://npmjs.org/) (only required for Node.js releases older than v0.6.2):
+
+```bash
+npm install punycode
+```
+
+Via [Bower](http://bower.io/):
+
+```bash
+bower install punycode
+```
+
+Via [Component](https://github.com/component/component):
+
+```bash
+component install bestiejs/punycode.js
+```
+
+In a browser:
+
+```html
+<script src="punycode.js"></script>
+```
+
+In [Narwhal](http://narwhaljs.org/), [Node.js](http://nodejs.org/), and [RingoJS](http://ringojs.org/):
+
+```js
+var punycode = require('punycode');
+```
+
+In [Rhino](http://www.mozilla.org/rhino/):
+
+```js
+load('punycode.js');
+```
+
+Using an AMD loader like [RequireJS](http://requirejs.org/):
+
+```js
+require(
+  {
+    'paths': {
+      'punycode': 'path/to/punycode'
+    }
+  },
+  ['punycode'],
+  function(punycode) {
+    console.log(punycode);
+  }
+);
+```
+
+## API
+
+### `punycode.decode(string)`
+
+Converts a Punycode string of ASCII symbols to a string of Unicode symbols.
+
+```js
+// decode domain name parts
+punycode.decode('maana-pta'); // 'mañana'
+punycode.decode('--dqo34k'); // '☃-⌘'
+```
+
+### `punycode.encode(string)`
+
+Converts a string of Unicode symbols to a Punycode string of ASCII symbols.
+
+```js
+// encode domain name parts
+punycode.encode('mañana'); // 'maana-pta'
+punycode.encode('☃-⌘'); // '--dqo34k'
+```
+
+### `punycode.toUnicode(input)`
+
+Converts a Punycode string representing a domain name or an email address to Unicode. Only the Punycoded parts of the input will be converted, i.e. it doesn’t matter if you call it on a string that has already been converted to Unicode.
+
+```js
+// decode domain names
+punycode.toUnicode('xn--maana-pta.com');
+// → 'mañana.com'
+punycode.toUnicode('xn----dqo34k.com');
+// → '☃-⌘.com'
+
+// decode email addresses
+punycode.toUnicode('джумла@xn--p-8sbkgc5ag7bhce.xn--ba-lmcq');
+// → 'джумла@джpумлатест.bрфa'
+```
+
+### `punycode.toASCII(input)`
+
+Converts a Unicode string representing a domain name or an email address to Punycode. Only the non-ASCII parts of the input will be converted, i.e. it doesn’t matter if you call it with a domain that's already in ASCII.
+
+```js
+// encode domain names
+punycode.toASCII('mañana.com');
+// → 'xn--maana-pta.com'
+punycode.toASCII('☃-⌘.com');
+// → 'xn----dqo34k.com'
+
+// encode email addresses
+punycode.toASCII('джумла@джpумлатест.bрфa');
+// → 'джумла@xn--p-8sbkgc5ag7bhce.xn--ba-lmcq'
+```
+
+### `punycode.ucs2`
+
+#### `punycode.ucs2.decode(string)`
+
+Creates an array containing the numeric code point values of each Unicode symbol in the string. While [JavaScript uses UCS-2 internally](https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/javascript-encoding), this function will convert a pair of surrogate halves (each of which UCS-2 exposes as separate characters) into a single code point, matching UTF-16.
+
+```js
+punycode.ucs2.decode('abc');
+// → [0x61, 0x62, 0x63]
+// surrogate pair for U+1D306 TETRAGRAM FOR CENTRE:
+punycode.ucs2.decode('\uD834\uDF06');
+// → [0x1D306]
+```
+
+#### `punycode.ucs2.encode(codePoints)`
+
+Creates a string based on an array of numeric code point values.
+
+```js
+punycode.ucs2.encode([0x61, 0x62, 0x63]);
+// → 'abc'
+punycode.ucs2.encode([0x1D306]);
+// → '\uD834\uDF06'
+```
+
+### `punycode.version`
+
+A string representing the current Punycode.js version number.
+
+## Unit tests & code coverage
+
+After cloning this repository, run `npm install --dev` to install the dependencies needed for Punycode.js development and testing. You may want to install Istanbul _globally_ using `npm install istanbul -g`.
+
+Once that’s done, you can run the unit tests in Node using `npm test` or `node tests/tests.js`. To run the tests in Rhino, Ringo, Narwhal, PhantomJS, and web browsers as well, use `grunt test`.
+
+To generate the code coverage report, use `grunt cover`.
+
+Feel free to fork if you see possible improvements!
+
+## Author
+
+| [![twitter/mathias](https://gravatar.com/avatar/24e08a9ea84deb17ae121074d0f17125?s=70)](https://twitter.com/mathias "Follow @mathias on Twitter") |
+|---|
+| [Mathias Bynens](https://mathiasbynens.be/) |
+
+## Contributors
+
+| [![twitter/jdalton](https://gravatar.com/avatar/299a3d891ff1920b69c364d061007043?s=70)](https://twitter.com/jdalton "Follow @jdalton on Twitter") |
+|---|
+| [John-David Dalton](http://allyoucanleet.com/) |
+
+## License
+
+Punycode.js is available under the [MIT](https://mths.be/mit) license.
diff --git a/node_modules/url/node_modules/punycode/package.json b/node_modules/url/node_modules/punycode/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..35f046aec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/node_modules/url/node_modules/punycode/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+{
+	"name": "punycode",
+	"version": "1.3.2",
+	"description": "A robust Punycode converter that fully complies to RFC 3492 and RFC 5891, and works on nearly all JavaScript platforms.",
+	"homepage": "https://mths.be/punycode",
+	"main": "punycode.js",
+	"keywords": [
+		"punycode",
+		"unicode",
+		"idn",
+		"idna",
+		"dns",
+		"url",
+		"domain"
+	],
+	"license": "MIT",
+	"author": {
+		"name": "Mathias Bynens",
+		"url": "https://mathiasbynens.be/"
+	},
+	"contributors": [
+		{
+			"name": "Mathias Bynens",
+			"url": "https://mathiasbynens.be/"
+		},
+		{
+			"name": "John-David Dalton",
+			"url": "http://allyoucanleet.com/"
+		}
+	],
+	"repository": {
+		"type": "git",
+		"url": "https://github.com/bestiejs/punycode.js.git"
+	},
+	"bugs": "https://github.com/bestiejs/punycode.js/issues",
+	"files": [
+		"LICENSE-MIT.txt",
+		"punycode.js"
+	],
+	"scripts": {
+		"test": "node tests/tests.js"
+	},
+	"devDependencies": {
+		"coveralls": "^2.10.1",
+		"grunt": "^0.4.5",
+		"grunt-contrib-uglify": "^0.5.0",
+		"grunt-shell": "^0.7.0",
+		"istanbul": "^0.2.13",
+		"qunit-extras": "^1.2.0",
+		"qunitjs": "~1.11.0",
+		"requirejs": "^2.1.14"
+	}
+}
diff --git a/node_modules/url/node_modules/punycode/punycode.js b/node_modules/url/node_modules/punycode/punycode.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ac6859738
--- /dev/null
+++ b/node_modules/url/node_modules/punycode/punycode.js
@@ -0,0 +1,530 @@
+/*! https://mths.be/punycode v1.3.2 by @mathias */
+;(function(root) {
+
+	/** Detect free variables */
+	var freeExports = typeof exports == 'object' && exports &&
+		!exports.nodeType && exports;
+	var freeModule = typeof module == 'object' && module &&
+		!module.nodeType && module;
+	var freeGlobal = typeof global == 'object' && global;
+	if (
+		freeGlobal.global === freeGlobal ||
+		freeGlobal.window === freeGlobal ||
+		freeGlobal.self === freeGlobal
+	) {
+		root = freeGlobal;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * The `punycode` object.
+	 * @name punycode
+	 * @type Object
+	 */
+	var punycode,
+
+	/** Highest positive signed 32-bit float value */
+	maxInt = 2147483647, // aka. 0x7FFFFFFF or 2^31-1
+
+	/** Bootstring parameters */
+	base = 36,
+	tMin = 1,
+	tMax = 26,
+	skew = 38,
+	damp = 700,
+	initialBias = 72,
+	initialN = 128, // 0x80
+	delimiter = '-', // '\x2D'
+
+	/** Regular expressions */
+	regexPunycode = /^xn--/,
+	regexNonASCII = /[^\x20-\x7E]/, // unprintable ASCII chars + non-ASCII chars
+	regexSeparators = /[\x2E\u3002\uFF0E\uFF61]/g, // RFC 3490 separators
+
+	/** Error messages */
+	errors = {
+		'overflow': 'Overflow: input needs wider integers to process',
+		'not-basic': 'Illegal input >= 0x80 (not a basic code point)',
+		'invalid-input': 'Invalid input'
+	},
+
+	/** Convenience shortcuts */
+	baseMinusTMin = base - tMin,
+	floor = Math.floor,
+	stringFromCharCode = String.fromCharCode,
+
+	/** Temporary variable */
+	key;
+
+	/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+	/**
+	 * A generic error utility function.
+	 * @private
+	 * @param {String} type The error type.
+	 * @returns {Error} Throws a `RangeError` with the applicable error message.
+	 */
+	function error(type) {
+		throw RangeError(errors[type]);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * A generic `Array#map` utility function.
+	 * @private
+	 * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
+	 * @param {Function} callback The function that gets called for every array
+	 * item.
+	 * @returns {Array} A new array of values returned by the callback function.
+	 */
+	function map(array, fn) {
+		var length = array.length;
+		var result = [];
+		while (length--) {
+			result[length] = fn(array[length]);
+		}
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * A simple `Array#map`-like wrapper to work with domain name strings or email
+	 * addresses.
+	 * @private
+	 * @param {String} domain The domain name or email address.
+	 * @param {Function} callback The function that gets called for every
+	 * character.
+	 * @returns {Array} A new string of characters returned by the callback
+	 * function.
+	 */
+	function mapDomain(string, fn) {
+		var parts = string.split('@');
+		var result = '';
+		if (parts.length > 1) {
+			// In email addresses, only the domain name should be punycoded. Leave
+			// the local part (i.e. everything up to `@`) intact.
+			result = parts[0] + '@';
+			string = parts[1];
+		}
+		// Avoid `split(regex)` for IE8 compatibility. See #17.
+		string = string.replace(regexSeparators, '\x2E');
+		var labels = string.split('.');
+		var encoded = map(labels, fn).join('.');
+		return result + encoded;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Creates an array containing the numeric code points of each Unicode
+	 * character in the string. While JavaScript uses UCS-2 internally,
+	 * this function will convert a pair of surrogate halves (each of which
+	 * UCS-2 exposes as separate characters) into a single code point,
+	 * matching UTF-16.
+	 * @see `punycode.ucs2.encode`
+	 * @see <https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/javascript-encoding>
+	 * @memberOf punycode.ucs2
+	 * @name decode
+	 * @param {String} string The Unicode input string (UCS-2).
+	 * @returns {Array} The new array of code points.
+	 */
+	function ucs2decode(string) {
+		var output = [],
+		    counter = 0,
+		    length = string.length,
+		    value,
+		    extra;
+		while (counter < length) {
+			value = string.charCodeAt(counter++);
+			if (value >= 0xD800 && value <= 0xDBFF && counter < length) {
+				// high surrogate, and there is a next character
+				extra = string.charCodeAt(counter++);
+				if ((extra & 0xFC00) == 0xDC00) { // low surrogate
+					output.push(((value & 0x3FF) << 10) + (extra & 0x3FF) + 0x10000);
+				} else {
+					// unmatched surrogate; only append this code unit, in case the next
+					// code unit is the high surrogate of a surrogate pair
+					output.push(value);
+					counter--;
+				}
+			} else {
+				output.push(value);
+			}
+		}
+		return output;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Creates a string based on an array of numeric code points.
+	 * @see `punycode.ucs2.decode`
+	 * @memberOf punycode.ucs2
+	 * @name encode
+	 * @param {Array} codePoints The array of numeric code points.
+	 * @returns {String} The new Unicode string (UCS-2).
+	 */
+	function ucs2encode(array) {
+		return map(array, function(value) {
+			var output = '';
+			if (value > 0xFFFF) {
+				value -= 0x10000;
+				output += stringFromCharCode(value >>> 10 & 0x3FF | 0xD800);
+				value = 0xDC00 | value & 0x3FF;
+			}
+			output += stringFromCharCode(value);
+			return output;
+		}).join('');
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Converts a basic code point into a digit/integer.
+	 * @see `digitToBasic()`
+	 * @private
+	 * @param {Number} codePoint The basic numeric code point value.
+	 * @returns {Number} The numeric value of a basic code point (for use in
+	 * representing integers) in the range `0` to `base - 1`, or `base` if
+	 * the code point does not represent a value.
+	 */
+	function basicToDigit(codePoint) {
+		if (codePoint - 48 < 10) {
+			return codePoint - 22;
+		}
+		if (codePoint - 65 < 26) {
+			return codePoint - 65;
+		}
+		if (codePoint - 97 < 26) {
+			return codePoint - 97;
+		}
+		return base;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Converts a digit/integer into a basic code point.
+	 * @see `basicToDigit()`
+	 * @private
+	 * @param {Number} digit The numeric value of a basic code point.
+	 * @returns {Number} The basic code point whose value (when used for
+	 * representing integers) is `digit`, which needs to be in the range
+	 * `0` to `base - 1`. If `flag` is non-zero, the uppercase form is
+	 * used; else, the lowercase form is used. The behavior is undefined
+	 * if `flag` is non-zero and `digit` has no uppercase form.
+	 */
+	function digitToBasic(digit, flag) {
+		//  0..25 map to ASCII a..z or A..Z
+		// 26..35 map to ASCII 0..9
+		return digit + 22 + 75 * (digit < 26) - ((flag != 0) << 5);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Bias adaptation function as per section 3.4 of RFC 3492.
+	 * http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3492#section-3.4
+	 * @private
+	 */
+	function adapt(delta, numPoints, firstTime) {
+		var k = 0;
+		delta = firstTime ? floor(delta / damp) : delta >> 1;
+		delta += floor(delta / numPoints);
+		for (/* no initialization */; delta > baseMinusTMin * tMax >> 1; k += base) {
+			delta = floor(delta / baseMinusTMin);
+		}
+		return floor(k + (baseMinusTMin + 1) * delta / (delta + skew));
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Converts a Punycode string of ASCII-only symbols to a string of Unicode
+	 * symbols.
+	 * @memberOf punycode
+	 * @param {String} input The Punycode string of ASCII-only symbols.
+	 * @returns {String} The resulting string of Unicode symbols.
+	 */
+	function decode(input) {
+		// Don't use UCS-2
+		var output = [],
+		    inputLength = input.length,
+		    out,
+		    i = 0,
+		    n = initialN,
+		    bias = initialBias,
+		    basic,
+		    j,
+		    index,
+		    oldi,
+		    w,
+		    k,
+		    digit,
+		    t,
+		    /** Cached calculation results */
+		    baseMinusT;
+
+		// Handle the basic code points: let `basic` be the number of input code
+		// points before the last delimiter, or `0` if there is none, then copy
+		// the first basic code points to the output.
+
+		basic = input.lastIndexOf(delimiter);
+		if (basic < 0) {
+			basic = 0;
+		}
+
+		for (j = 0; j < basic; ++j) {
+			// if it's not a basic code point
+			if (input.charCodeAt(j) >= 0x80) {
+				error('not-basic');
+			}
+			output.push(input.charCodeAt(j));
+		}
+
+		// Main decoding loop: start just after the last delimiter if any basic code
+		// points were copied; start at the beginning otherwise.
+
+		for (index = basic > 0 ? basic + 1 : 0; index < inputLength; /* no final expression */) {
+
+			// `index` is the index of the next character to be consumed.
+			// Decode a generalized variable-length integer into `delta`,
+			// which gets added to `i`. The overflow checking is easier
+			// if we increase `i` as we go, then subtract off its starting
+			// value at the end to obtain `delta`.
+			for (oldi = i, w = 1, k = base; /* no condition */; k += base) {
+
+				if (index >= inputLength) {
+					error('invalid-input');
+				}
+
+				digit = basicToDigit(input.charCodeAt(index++));
+
+				if (digit >= base || digit > floor((maxInt - i) / w)) {
+					error('overflow');
+				}
+
+				i += digit * w;
+				t = k <= bias ? tMin : (k >= bias + tMax ? tMax : k - bias);
+
+				if (digit < t) {
+					break;
+				}
+
+				baseMinusT = base - t;
+				if (w > floor(maxInt / baseMinusT)) {
+					error('overflow');
+				}
+
+				w *= baseMinusT;
+
+			}
+
+			out = output.length + 1;
+			bias = adapt(i - oldi, out, oldi == 0);
+
+			// `i` was supposed to wrap around from `out` to `0`,
+			// incrementing `n` each time, so we'll fix that now:
+			if (floor(i / out) > maxInt - n) {
+				error('overflow');
+			}
+
+			n += floor(i / out);
+			i %= out;
+
+			// Insert `n` at position `i` of the output
+			output.splice(i++, 0, n);
+
+		}
+
+		return ucs2encode(output);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Converts a string of Unicode symbols (e.g. a domain name label) to a
+	 * Punycode string of ASCII-only symbols.
+	 * @memberOf punycode
+	 * @param {String} input The string of Unicode symbols.
+	 * @returns {String} The resulting Punycode string of ASCII-only symbols.
+	 */
+	function encode(input) {
+		var n,
+		    delta,
+		    handledCPCount,
+		    basicLength,
+		    bias,
+		    j,
+		    m,
+		    q,
+		    k,
+		    t,
+		    currentValue,
+		    output = [],
+		    /** `inputLength` will hold the number of code points in `input`. */
+		    inputLength,
+		    /** Cached calculation results */
+		    handledCPCountPlusOne,
+		    baseMinusT,
+		    qMinusT;
+
+		// Convert the input in UCS-2 to Unicode
+		input = ucs2decode(input);
+
+		// Cache the length
+		inputLength = input.length;
+
+		// Initialize the state
+		n = initialN;
+		delta = 0;
+		bias = initialBias;
+
+		// Handle the basic code points
+		for (j = 0; j < inputLength; ++j) {
+			currentValue = input[j];
+			if (currentValue < 0x80) {
+				output.push(stringFromCharCode(currentValue));
+			}
+		}
+
+		handledCPCount = basicLength = output.length;
+
+		// `handledCPCount` is the number of code points that have been handled;
+		// `basicLength` is the number of basic code points.
+
+		// Finish the basic string - if it is not empty - with a delimiter
+		if (basicLength) {
+			output.push(delimiter);
+		}
+
+		// Main encoding loop:
+		while (handledCPCount < inputLength) {
+
+			// All non-basic code points < n have been handled already. Find the next
+			// larger one:
+			for (m = maxInt, j = 0; j < inputLength; ++j) {
+				currentValue = input[j];
+				if (currentValue >= n && currentValue < m) {
+					m = currentValue;
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Increase `delta` enough to advance the decoder's <n,i> state to <m,0>,
+			// but guard against overflow
+			handledCPCountPlusOne = handledCPCount + 1;
+			if (m - n > floor((maxInt - delta) / handledCPCountPlusOne)) {
+				error('overflow');
+			}
+
+			delta += (m - n) * handledCPCountPlusOne;
+			n = m;
+
+			for (j = 0; j < inputLength; ++j) {
+				currentValue = input[j];
+
+				if (currentValue < n && ++delta > maxInt) {
+					error('overflow');
+				}
+
+				if (currentValue == n) {
+					// Represent delta as a generalized variable-length integer
+					for (q = delta, k = base; /* no condition */; k += base) {
+						t = k <= bias ? tMin : (k >= bias + tMax ? tMax : k - bias);
+						if (q < t) {
+							break;
+						}
+						qMinusT = q - t;
+						baseMinusT = base - t;
+						output.push(
+							stringFromCharCode(digitToBasic(t + qMinusT % baseMinusT, 0))
+						);
+						q = floor(qMinusT / baseMinusT);
+					}
+
+					output.push(stringFromCharCode(digitToBasic(q, 0)));
+					bias = adapt(delta, handledCPCountPlusOne, handledCPCount == basicLength);
+					delta = 0;
+					++handledCPCount;
+				}
+			}
+
+			++delta;
+			++n;
+
+		}
+		return output.join('');
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Converts a Punycode string representing a domain name or an email address
+	 * to Unicode. Only the Punycoded parts of the input will be converted, i.e.
+	 * it doesn't matter if you call it on a string that has already been
+	 * converted to Unicode.
+	 * @memberOf punycode
+	 * @param {String} input The Punycoded domain name or email address to
+	 * convert to Unicode.
+	 * @returns {String} The Unicode representation of the given Punycode
+	 * string.
+	 */
+	function toUnicode(input) {
+		return mapDomain(input, function(string) {
+			return regexPunycode.test(string)
+				? decode(string.slice(4).toLowerCase())
+				: string;
+		});
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Converts a Unicode string representing a domain name or an email address to
+	 * Punycode. Only the non-ASCII parts of the domain name will be converted,
+	 * i.e. it doesn't matter if you call it with a domain that's already in
+	 * ASCII.
+	 * @memberOf punycode
+	 * @param {String} input The domain name or email address to convert, as a
+	 * Unicode string.
+	 * @returns {String} The Punycode representation of the given domain name or
+	 * email address.
+	 */
+	function toASCII(input) {
+		return mapDomain(input, function(string) {
+			return regexNonASCII.test(string)
+				? 'xn--' + encode(string)
+				: string;
+		});
+	}
+
+	/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+	/** Define the public API */
+	punycode = {
+		/**
+		 * A string representing the current Punycode.js version number.
+		 * @memberOf punycode
+		 * @type String
+		 */
+		'version': '1.3.2',
+		/**
+		 * An object of methods to convert from JavaScript's internal character
+		 * representation (UCS-2) to Unicode code points, and back.
+		 * @see <https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/javascript-encoding>
+		 * @memberOf punycode
+		 * @type Object
+		 */
+		'ucs2': {
+			'decode': ucs2decode,
+			'encode': ucs2encode
+		},
+		'decode': decode,
+		'encode': encode,
+		'toASCII': toASCII,
+		'toUnicode': toUnicode
+	};
+
+	/** Expose `punycode` */
+	// Some AMD build optimizers, like r.js, check for specific condition patterns
+	// like the following:
+	if (
+		typeof define == 'function' &&
+		typeof define.amd == 'object' &&
+		define.amd
+	) {
+		define('punycode', function() {
+			return punycode;
+		});
+	} else if (freeExports && freeModule) {
+		if (module.exports == freeExports) { // in Node.js or RingoJS v0.8.0+
+			freeModule.exports = punycode;
+		} else { // in Narwhal or RingoJS v0.7.0-
+			for (key in punycode) {
+				punycode.hasOwnProperty(key) && (freeExports[key] = punycode[key]);
+			}
+		}
+	} else { // in Rhino or a web browser
+		root.punycode = punycode;
+	}
+
+}(this));
diff --git a/node_modules/url/package.json b/node_modules/url/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e3024abe7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/node_modules/url/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+{
+  "name": "url",
+  "description": "The core `url` packaged standalone for use with Browserify.",
+  "version": "0.11.0",
+  "dependencies": {
+    "punycode": "1.3.2",
+    "querystring": "0.2.0"
+  },
+  "main": "./url.js",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "assert": "1.1.1",
+    "mocha": "1.18.2",
+    "zuul": "3.3.0"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "mocha --ui qunit test.js && zuul -- test.js",
+    "test-local": "zuul --local -- test.js"
+  },
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "https://github.com/defunctzombie/node-url.git"
+  },
+  "license": "MIT"
+}
diff --git a/node_modules/url/test.js b/node_modules/url/test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3b7d3358c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/node_modules/url/test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1599 @@
+// Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
+// persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
+// following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+// in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
+// NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
+// DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
+// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
+// USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+var assert = require('assert');
+
+var url = require('./url');
+
+// URLs to parse, and expected data
+// { url : parsed }
+var parseTests = {
+  '//some_path' : {
+    'href': '//some_path',
+    'pathname': '//some_path',
+    'path': '//some_path'
+  },
+
+  'http:\\\\evil-phisher\\foo.html#h\\a\\s\\h': {
+    protocol: 'http:',
+    slashes: true,
+    host: 'evil-phisher',
+    hostname: 'evil-phisher',
+    pathname: '/foo.html',
+    path: '/foo.html',
+    hash: '#h%5Ca%5Cs%5Ch',
+    href: 'http://evil-phisher/foo.html#h%5Ca%5Cs%5Ch'
+  },
+
+  'http:\\\\evil-phisher\\foo.html?json="\\"foo\\""#h\\a\\s\\h': {
+    protocol: 'http:',
+    slashes: true,
+    host: 'evil-phisher',
+    hostname: 'evil-phisher',
+    pathname: '/foo.html',
+    search: '?json=%22%5C%22foo%5C%22%22',
+    query: 'json=%22%5C%22foo%5C%22%22',
+    path: '/foo.html?json=%22%5C%22foo%5C%22%22',
+    hash: '#h%5Ca%5Cs%5Ch',
+    href: 'http://evil-phisher/foo.html?json=%22%5C%22foo%5C%22%22#h%5Ca%5Cs%5Ch'
+  },
+
+  'http:\\\\evil-phisher\\foo.html#h\\a\\s\\h?blarg': {
+    protocol: 'http:',
+    slashes: true,
+    host: 'evil-phisher',
+    hostname: 'evil-phisher',
+    pathname: '/foo.html',
+    path: '/foo.html',
+    hash: '#h%5Ca%5Cs%5Ch?blarg',
+    href: 'http://evil-phisher/foo.html#h%5Ca%5Cs%5Ch?blarg'
+  },
+
+
+  'http:\\\\evil-phisher\\foo.html': {
+    protocol: 'http:',
+    slashes: true,
+    host: 'evil-phisher',
+    hostname: 'evil-phisher',
+    pathname: '/foo.html',
+    path: '/foo.html',
+    href: 'http://evil-phisher/foo.html'
+  },
+
+  'HTTP://www.example.com/' : {
+    'href': 'http://www.example.com/',
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'host': 'www.example.com',
+    'hostname': 'www.example.com',
+    'pathname': '/',
+    'path': '/'
+  },
+
+  'HTTP://www.example.com' : {
+    'href': 'http://www.example.com/',
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'host': 'www.example.com',
+    'hostname': 'www.example.com',
+    'pathname': '/',
+    'path': '/'
+  },
+
+  'http://www.ExAmPlE.com/' : {
+    'href': 'http://www.example.com/',
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'host': 'www.example.com',
+    'hostname': 'www.example.com',
+    'pathname': '/',
+    'path': '/'
+  },
+
+  'http://user:pw@www.ExAmPlE.com/' : {
+    'href': 'http://user:pw@www.example.com/',
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'auth': 'user:pw',
+    'host': 'www.example.com',
+    'hostname': 'www.example.com',
+    'pathname': '/',
+    'path': '/'
+  },
+
+  'http://USER:PW@www.ExAmPlE.com/' : {
+    'href': 'http://USER:PW@www.example.com/',
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'auth': 'USER:PW',
+    'host': 'www.example.com',
+    'hostname': 'www.example.com',
+    'pathname': '/',
+    'path': '/'
+  },
+
+  'http://user@www.example.com/' : {
+    'href': 'http://user@www.example.com/',
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'auth': 'user',
+    'host': 'www.example.com',
+    'hostname': 'www.example.com',
+    'pathname': '/',
+    'path': '/'
+  },
+
+  'http://user%3Apw@www.example.com/' : {
+    'href': 'http://user:pw@www.example.com/',
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'auth': 'user:pw',
+    'host': 'www.example.com',
+    'hostname': 'www.example.com',
+    'pathname': '/',
+    'path': '/'
+  },
+
+  'http://x.com/path?that\'s#all, folks' : {
+    'href': 'http://x.com/path?that%27s#all,%20folks',
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'host': 'x.com',
+    'hostname': 'x.com',
+    'search': '?that%27s',
+    'query': 'that%27s',
+    'pathname': '/path',
+    'hash': '#all,%20folks',
+    'path': '/path?that%27s'
+  },
+
+  'HTTP://X.COM/Y' : {
+    'href': 'http://x.com/Y',
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'host': 'x.com',
+    'hostname': 'x.com',
+    'pathname': '/Y',
+    'path': '/Y'
+  },
+
+  // + not an invalid host character
+  // per https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#host-parsing
+  'http://x.y.com+a/b/c' : {
+    'href': 'http://x.y.com+a/b/c',
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'host': 'x.y.com+a',
+    'hostname': 'x.y.com+a',
+    'pathname': '/b/c',
+    'path': '/b/c'
+  },
+
+  // an unexpected invalid char in the hostname.
+  'HtTp://x.y.cOm;a/b/c?d=e#f g<h>i' : {
+    'href': 'http://x.y.com/;a/b/c?d=e#f%20g%3Ch%3Ei',
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'host': 'x.y.com',
+    'hostname': 'x.y.com',
+    'pathname': ';a/b/c',
+    'search': '?d=e',
+    'query': 'd=e',
+    'hash': '#f%20g%3Ch%3Ei',
+    'path': ';a/b/c?d=e'
+  },
+
+  // make sure that we don't accidentally lcast the path parts.
+  'HtTp://x.y.cOm;A/b/c?d=e#f g<h>i' : {
+    'href': 'http://x.y.com/;A/b/c?d=e#f%20g%3Ch%3Ei',
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'host': 'x.y.com',
+    'hostname': 'x.y.com',
+    'pathname': ';A/b/c',
+    'search': '?d=e',
+    'query': 'd=e',
+    'hash': '#f%20g%3Ch%3Ei',
+    'path': ';A/b/c?d=e'
+  },
+
+  'http://x...y...#p': {
+    'href': 'http://x...y.../#p',
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'host': 'x...y...',
+    'hostname': 'x...y...',
+    'hash': '#p',
+    'pathname': '/',
+    'path': '/'
+  },
+
+  'http://x/p/"quoted"': {
+    'href': 'http://x/p/%22quoted%22',
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'host': 'x',
+    'hostname': 'x',
+    'pathname': '/p/%22quoted%22',
+    'path': '/p/%22quoted%22'
+  },
+
+  '<http://goo.corn/bread> Is a URL!': {
+    'href': '%3Chttp://goo.corn/bread%3E%20Is%20a%20URL!',
+    'pathname': '%3Chttp://goo.corn/bread%3E%20Is%20a%20URL!',
+    'path': '%3Chttp://goo.corn/bread%3E%20Is%20a%20URL!'
+  },
+
+  'http://www.narwhaljs.org/blog/categories?id=news' : {
+    'href': 'http://www.narwhaljs.org/blog/categories?id=news',
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'host': 'www.narwhaljs.org',
+    'hostname': 'www.narwhaljs.org',
+    'search': '?id=news',
+    'query': 'id=news',
+    'pathname': '/blog/categories',
+    'path': '/blog/categories?id=news'
+  },
+
+  'http://mt0.google.com/vt/lyrs=m@114&hl=en&src=api&x=2&y=2&z=3&s=' : {
+    'href': 'http://mt0.google.com/vt/lyrs=m@114&hl=en&src=api&x=2&y=2&z=3&s=',
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'host': 'mt0.google.com',
+    'hostname': 'mt0.google.com',
+    'pathname': '/vt/lyrs=m@114&hl=en&src=api&x=2&y=2&z=3&s=',
+    'path': '/vt/lyrs=m@114&hl=en&src=api&x=2&y=2&z=3&s='
+  },
+
+  'http://mt0.google.com/vt/lyrs=m@114???&hl=en&src=api&x=2&y=2&z=3&s=' : {
+    'href': 'http://mt0.google.com/vt/lyrs=m@114???&hl=en&src=api' +
+        '&x=2&y=2&z=3&s=',
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'host': 'mt0.google.com',
+    'hostname': 'mt0.google.com',
+    'search': '???&hl=en&src=api&x=2&y=2&z=3&s=',
+    'query': '??&hl=en&src=api&x=2&y=2&z=3&s=',
+    'pathname': '/vt/lyrs=m@114',
+    'path': '/vt/lyrs=m@114???&hl=en&src=api&x=2&y=2&z=3&s='
+  },
+
+  'http://user:pass@mt0.google.com/vt/lyrs=m@114???&hl=en&src=api&x=2&y=2&z=3&s=':
+      {
+        'href': 'http://user:pass@mt0.google.com/vt/lyrs=m@114???' +
+            '&hl=en&src=api&x=2&y=2&z=3&s=',
+        'protocol': 'http:',
+        'slashes': true,
+        'host': 'mt0.google.com',
+        'auth': 'user:pass',
+        'hostname': 'mt0.google.com',
+        'search': '???&hl=en&src=api&x=2&y=2&z=3&s=',
+        'query': '??&hl=en&src=api&x=2&y=2&z=3&s=',
+        'pathname': '/vt/lyrs=m@114',
+        'path': '/vt/lyrs=m@114???&hl=en&src=api&x=2&y=2&z=3&s='
+      },
+
+  'file:///etc/passwd' : {
+    'href': 'file:///etc/passwd',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'protocol': 'file:',
+    'pathname': '/etc/passwd',
+    'hostname': '',
+    'host': '',
+    'path': '/etc/passwd'
+  },
+
+  'file://localhost/etc/passwd' : {
+    'href': 'file://localhost/etc/passwd',
+    'protocol': 'file:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'pathname': '/etc/passwd',
+    'hostname': 'localhost',
+    'host': 'localhost',
+    'path': '/etc/passwd'
+  },
+
+  'file://foo/etc/passwd' : {
+    'href': 'file://foo/etc/passwd',
+    'protocol': 'file:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'pathname': '/etc/passwd',
+    'hostname': 'foo',
+    'host': 'foo',
+    'path': '/etc/passwd'
+  },
+
+  'file:///etc/node/' : {
+    'href': 'file:///etc/node/',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'protocol': 'file:',
+    'pathname': '/etc/node/',
+    'hostname': '',
+    'host': '',
+    'path': '/etc/node/'
+  },
+
+  'file://localhost/etc/node/' : {
+    'href': 'file://localhost/etc/node/',
+    'protocol': 'file:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'pathname': '/etc/node/',
+    'hostname': 'localhost',
+    'host': 'localhost',
+    'path': '/etc/node/'
+  },
+
+  'file://foo/etc/node/' : {
+    'href': 'file://foo/etc/node/',
+    'protocol': 'file:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'pathname': '/etc/node/',
+    'hostname': 'foo',
+    'host': 'foo',
+    'path': '/etc/node/'
+  },
+
+  'http:/baz/../foo/bar' : {
+    'href': 'http:/baz/../foo/bar',
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'pathname': '/baz/../foo/bar',
+    'path': '/baz/../foo/bar'
+  },
+
+  'http://user:pass@example.com:8000/foo/bar?baz=quux#frag' : {
+    'href': 'http://user:pass@example.com:8000/foo/bar?baz=quux#frag',
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'host': 'example.com:8000',
+    'auth': 'user:pass',
+    'port': '8000',
+    'hostname': 'example.com',
+    'hash': '#frag',
+    'search': '?baz=quux',
+    'query': 'baz=quux',
+    'pathname': '/foo/bar',
+    'path': '/foo/bar?baz=quux'
+  },
+
+  '//user:pass@example.com:8000/foo/bar?baz=quux#frag' : {
+    'href': '//user:pass@example.com:8000/foo/bar?baz=quux#frag',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'host': 'example.com:8000',
+    'auth': 'user:pass',
+    'port': '8000',
+    'hostname': 'example.com',
+    'hash': '#frag',
+    'search': '?baz=quux',
+    'query': 'baz=quux',
+    'pathname': '/foo/bar',
+    'path': '/foo/bar?baz=quux'
+  },
+
+  '/foo/bar?baz=quux#frag' : {
+    'href': '/foo/bar?baz=quux#frag',
+    'hash': '#frag',
+    'search': '?baz=quux',
+    'query': 'baz=quux',
+    'pathname': '/foo/bar',
+    'path': '/foo/bar?baz=quux'
+  },
+
+  'http:/foo/bar?baz=quux#frag' : {
+    'href': 'http:/foo/bar?baz=quux#frag',
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'hash': '#frag',
+    'search': '?baz=quux',
+    'query': 'baz=quux',
+    'pathname': '/foo/bar',
+    'path': '/foo/bar?baz=quux'
+  },
+
+  'mailto:foo@bar.com?subject=hello' : {
+    'href': 'mailto:foo@bar.com?subject=hello',
+    'protocol': 'mailto:',
+    'host': 'bar.com',
+    'auth' : 'foo',
+    'hostname' : 'bar.com',
+    'search': '?subject=hello',
+    'query': 'subject=hello',
+    'path': '?subject=hello'
+  },
+
+  'javascript:alert(\'hello\');' : {
+    'href': 'javascript:alert(\'hello\');',
+    'protocol': 'javascript:',
+    'pathname': 'alert(\'hello\');',
+    'path': 'alert(\'hello\');'
+  },
+
+  'xmpp:isaacschlueter@jabber.org' : {
+    'href': 'xmpp:isaacschlueter@jabber.org',
+    'protocol': 'xmpp:',
+    'host': 'jabber.org',
+    'auth': 'isaacschlueter',
+    'hostname': 'jabber.org'
+  },
+
+  'http://atpass:foo%40bar@127.0.0.1:8080/path?search=foo#bar' : {
+    'href' : 'http://atpass:foo%40bar@127.0.0.1:8080/path?search=foo#bar',
+    'protocol' : 'http:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'host' : '127.0.0.1:8080',
+    'auth' : 'atpass:foo@bar',
+    'hostname' : '127.0.0.1',
+    'port' : '8080',
+    'pathname': '/path',
+    'search' : '?search=foo',
+    'query' : 'search=foo',
+    'hash' : '#bar',
+    'path': '/path?search=foo'
+  },
+
+  'svn+ssh://foo/bar': {
+    'href': 'svn+ssh://foo/bar',
+    'host': 'foo',
+    'hostname': 'foo',
+    'protocol': 'svn+ssh:',
+    'pathname': '/bar',
+    'path': '/bar',
+    'slashes': true
+  },
+
+  'dash-test://foo/bar': {
+    'href': 'dash-test://foo/bar',
+    'host': 'foo',
+    'hostname': 'foo',
+    'protocol': 'dash-test:',
+    'pathname': '/bar',
+    'path': '/bar',
+    'slashes': true
+  },
+
+  'dash-test:foo/bar': {
+    'href': 'dash-test:foo/bar',
+    'host': 'foo',
+    'hostname': 'foo',
+    'protocol': 'dash-test:',
+    'pathname': '/bar',
+    'path': '/bar'
+  },
+
+  'dot.test://foo/bar': {
+    'href': 'dot.test://foo/bar',
+    'host': 'foo',
+    'hostname': 'foo',
+    'protocol': 'dot.test:',
+    'pathname': '/bar',
+    'path': '/bar',
+    'slashes': true
+  },
+
+  'dot.test:foo/bar': {
+    'href': 'dot.test:foo/bar',
+    'host': 'foo',
+    'hostname': 'foo',
+    'protocol': 'dot.test:',
+    'pathname': '/bar',
+    'path': '/bar'
+  },
+
+  // IDNA tests
+  'http://www.日本語.com/' : {
+    'href': 'http://www.xn--wgv71a119e.com/',
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'host': 'www.xn--wgv71a119e.com',
+    'hostname': 'www.xn--wgv71a119e.com',
+    'pathname': '/',
+    'path': '/'
+  },
+
+  'http://example.Bücher.com/' : {
+    'href': 'http://example.xn--bcher-kva.com/',
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'host': 'example.xn--bcher-kva.com',
+    'hostname': 'example.xn--bcher-kva.com',
+    'pathname': '/',
+    'path': '/'
+  },
+
+  'http://www.Äffchen.com/' : {
+    'href': 'http://www.xn--ffchen-9ta.com/',
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'host': 'www.xn--ffchen-9ta.com',
+    'hostname': 'www.xn--ffchen-9ta.com',
+    'pathname': '/',
+    'path': '/'
+  },
+
+  'http://www.Äffchen.cOm;A/b/c?d=e#f g<h>i' : {
+    'href': 'http://www.xn--ffchen-9ta.com/;A/b/c?d=e#f%20g%3Ch%3Ei',
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'host': 'www.xn--ffchen-9ta.com',
+    'hostname': 'www.xn--ffchen-9ta.com',
+    'pathname': ';A/b/c',
+    'search': '?d=e',
+    'query': 'd=e',
+    'hash': '#f%20g%3Ch%3Ei',
+    'path': ';A/b/c?d=e'
+  },
+
+  'http://SÉLIER.COM/' : {
+    'href': 'http://xn--slier-bsa.com/',
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'host': 'xn--slier-bsa.com',
+    'hostname': 'xn--slier-bsa.com',
+    'pathname': '/',
+    'path': '/'
+  },
+
+  'http://ليهمابتكلموشعربي؟.ي؟/' : {
+    'href': 'http://xn--egbpdaj6bu4bxfgehfvwxn.xn--egb9f/',
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'host': 'xn--egbpdaj6bu4bxfgehfvwxn.xn--egb9f',
+    'hostname': 'xn--egbpdaj6bu4bxfgehfvwxn.xn--egb9f',
+    'pathname': '/',
+    'path': '/'
+  },
+
+  'http://➡.ws/➡' : {
+    'href': 'http://xn--hgi.ws/➡',
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'host': 'xn--hgi.ws',
+    'hostname': 'xn--hgi.ws',
+    'pathname': '/➡',
+    'path': '/➡'
+  },
+
+  'http://bucket_name.s3.amazonaws.com/image.jpg': {
+    protocol: 'http:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    slashes: true,
+    host: 'bucket_name.s3.amazonaws.com',
+    hostname: 'bucket_name.s3.amazonaws.com',
+    pathname: '/image.jpg',
+    href: 'http://bucket_name.s3.amazonaws.com/image.jpg',
+    'path': '/image.jpg'
+  },
+
+  'git+http://github.com/joyent/node.git': {
+    protocol: 'git+http:',
+    slashes: true,
+    host: 'github.com',
+    hostname: 'github.com',
+    pathname: '/joyent/node.git',
+    path: '/joyent/node.git',
+    href: 'git+http://github.com/joyent/node.git'
+  },
+
+  //if local1@domain1 is uses as a relative URL it may
+  //be parse into auth@hostname, but here there is no
+  //way to make it work in url.parse, I add the test to be explicit
+  'local1@domain1': {
+    'pathname': 'local1@domain1',
+    'path': 'local1@domain1',
+    'href': 'local1@domain1'
+  },
+
+  //While this may seem counter-intuitive, a browser will parse
+  //<a href='www.google.com'> as a path.
+  'www.example.com' : {
+    'href': 'www.example.com',
+    'pathname': 'www.example.com',
+    'path': 'www.example.com'
+  },
+
+  // ipv6 support
+  '[fe80::1]': {
+    'href': '[fe80::1]',
+    'pathname': '[fe80::1]',
+    'path': '[fe80::1]'
+  },
+
+  'coap://[FEDC:BA98:7654:3210:FEDC:BA98:7654:3210]': {
+    'protocol': 'coap:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'host': '[fedc:ba98:7654:3210:fedc:ba98:7654:3210]',
+    'hostname': 'fedc:ba98:7654:3210:fedc:ba98:7654:3210',
+    'href': 'coap://[fedc:ba98:7654:3210:fedc:ba98:7654:3210]/',
+    'pathname': '/',
+    'path': '/'
+  },
+
+  'coap://[1080:0:0:0:8:800:200C:417A]:61616/': {
+    'protocol': 'coap:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'host': '[1080:0:0:0:8:800:200c:417a]:61616',
+    'port': '61616',
+    'hostname': '1080:0:0:0:8:800:200c:417a',
+    'href': 'coap://[1080:0:0:0:8:800:200c:417a]:61616/',
+    'pathname': '/',
+    'path': '/'
+  },
+
+  'http://user:password@[3ffe:2a00:100:7031::1]:8080': {
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'auth': 'user:password',
+    'host': '[3ffe:2a00:100:7031::1]:8080',
+    'port': '8080',
+    'hostname': '3ffe:2a00:100:7031::1',
+    'href': 'http://user:password@[3ffe:2a00:100:7031::1]:8080/',
+    'pathname': '/',
+    'path': '/'
+  },
+
+  'coap://u:p@[::192.9.5.5]:61616/.well-known/r?n=Temperature': {
+    'protocol': 'coap:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'auth': 'u:p',
+    'host': '[::192.9.5.5]:61616',
+    'port': '61616',
+    'hostname': '::192.9.5.5',
+    'href': 'coap://u:p@[::192.9.5.5]:61616/.well-known/r?n=Temperature',
+    'search': '?n=Temperature',
+    'query': 'n=Temperature',
+    'pathname': '/.well-known/r',
+    'path': '/.well-known/r?n=Temperature'
+  },
+
+  // empty port
+  'http://example.com:': {
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'host': 'example.com',
+    'hostname': 'example.com',
+    'href': 'http://example.com/',
+    'pathname': '/',
+    'path': '/'
+  },
+
+  'http://example.com:/a/b.html': {
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'host': 'example.com',
+    'hostname': 'example.com',
+    'href': 'http://example.com/a/b.html',
+    'pathname': '/a/b.html',
+    'path': '/a/b.html'
+  },
+
+  'http://example.com:?a=b': {
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'host': 'example.com',
+    'hostname': 'example.com',
+    'href': 'http://example.com/?a=b',
+    'search': '?a=b',
+    'query': 'a=b',
+    'pathname': '/',
+    'path': '/?a=b'
+  },
+
+  'http://example.com:#abc': {
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'host': 'example.com',
+    'hostname': 'example.com',
+    'href': 'http://example.com/#abc',
+    'hash': '#abc',
+    'pathname': '/',
+    'path': '/'
+  },
+
+  'http://[fe80::1]:/a/b?a=b#abc': {
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'host': '[fe80::1]',
+    'hostname': 'fe80::1',
+    'href': 'http://[fe80::1]/a/b?a=b#abc',
+    'search': '?a=b',
+    'query': 'a=b',
+    'hash': '#abc',
+    'pathname': '/a/b',
+    'path': '/a/b?a=b'
+  },
+
+  'http://-lovemonsterz.tumblr.com/rss': {
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'host': '-lovemonsterz.tumblr.com',
+    'hostname': '-lovemonsterz.tumblr.com',
+    'href': 'http://-lovemonsterz.tumblr.com/rss',
+    'pathname': '/rss',
+    'path': '/rss',
+  },
+
+  'http://-lovemonsterz.tumblr.com:80/rss': {
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'port': '80',
+    'host': '-lovemonsterz.tumblr.com:80',
+    'hostname': '-lovemonsterz.tumblr.com',
+    'href': 'http://-lovemonsterz.tumblr.com:80/rss',
+    'pathname': '/rss',
+    'path': '/rss',
+  },
+
+  'http://user:pass@-lovemonsterz.tumblr.com/rss': {
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'auth': 'user:pass',
+    'host': '-lovemonsterz.tumblr.com',
+    'hostname': '-lovemonsterz.tumblr.com',
+    'href': 'http://user:pass@-lovemonsterz.tumblr.com/rss',
+    'pathname': '/rss',
+    'path': '/rss',
+  },
+
+  'http://user:pass@-lovemonsterz.tumblr.com:80/rss': {
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'auth': 'user:pass',
+    'port': '80',
+    'host': '-lovemonsterz.tumblr.com:80',
+    'hostname': '-lovemonsterz.tumblr.com',
+    'href': 'http://user:pass@-lovemonsterz.tumblr.com:80/rss',
+    'pathname': '/rss',
+    'path': '/rss',
+  },
+
+  'http://_jabber._tcp.google.com/test': {
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'host': '_jabber._tcp.google.com',
+    'hostname': '_jabber._tcp.google.com',
+    'href': 'http://_jabber._tcp.google.com/test',
+    'pathname': '/test',
+    'path': '/test',
+  },
+
+  'http://user:pass@_jabber._tcp.google.com/test': {
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'auth': 'user:pass',
+    'host': '_jabber._tcp.google.com',
+    'hostname': '_jabber._tcp.google.com',
+    'href': 'http://user:pass@_jabber._tcp.google.com/test',
+    'pathname': '/test',
+    'path': '/test',
+  },
+
+  'http://_jabber._tcp.google.com:80/test': {
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'port': '80',
+    'host': '_jabber._tcp.google.com:80',
+    'hostname': '_jabber._tcp.google.com',
+    'href': 'http://_jabber._tcp.google.com:80/test',
+    'pathname': '/test',
+    'path': '/test',
+  },
+
+  'http://user:pass@_jabber._tcp.google.com:80/test': {
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'auth': 'user:pass',
+    'port': '80',
+    'host': '_jabber._tcp.google.com:80',
+    'hostname': '_jabber._tcp.google.com',
+    'href': 'http://user:pass@_jabber._tcp.google.com:80/test',
+    'pathname': '/test',
+    'path': '/test',
+  },
+
+  'http://x:1/\' <>"`/{}|\\^~`/': {
+    protocol: 'http:',
+    slashes: true,
+    host: 'x:1',
+    port: '1',
+    hostname: 'x',
+    pathname: '/%27%20%3C%3E%22%60/%7B%7D%7C/%5E~%60/',
+    path: '/%27%20%3C%3E%22%60/%7B%7D%7C/%5E~%60/',
+    href: 'http://x:1/%27%20%3C%3E%22%60/%7B%7D%7C/%5E~%60/'
+  },
+
+  'http://a@b@c/': {
+    protocol: 'http:',
+    slashes: true,
+    auth: 'a@b',
+    host: 'c',
+    hostname: 'c',
+    href: 'http://a%40b@c/',
+    path: '/',
+    pathname: '/'
+  },
+
+  'http://a@b?@c': {
+    protocol: 'http:',
+    slashes: true,
+    auth: 'a',
+    host: 'b',
+    hostname: 'b',
+    href: 'http://a@b/?@c',
+    path: '/?@c',
+    pathname: '/',
+    search: '?@c',
+    query: '@c'
+  },
+
+  'http://a\r" \t\n<\'b:b@c\r\nd/e?f':{
+    protocol: 'http:',
+    slashes: true,
+    auth: 'a\r" \t\n<\'b:b',
+    host: 'c',
+    port: null,
+    hostname: 'c',
+    hash: null,
+    search: '?f',
+    query: 'f',
+    pathname: '%0D%0Ad/e',
+    path: '%0D%0Ad/e?f',
+    href: 'http://a%0D%22%20%09%0A%3C\'b:b@c/%0D%0Ad/e?f'
+  },
+
+  // git urls used by npm
+  'git+ssh://git@github.com:npm/npm': {
+    protocol: 'git+ssh:',
+    slashes: true,
+    auth: 'git',
+    host: 'github.com',
+    port: null,
+    hostname: 'github.com',
+    hash: null,
+    search: null,
+    query: null,
+    pathname: '/:npm/npm',
+    path: '/:npm/npm',
+    href: 'git+ssh://git@github.com/:npm/npm'
+  }
+
+};
+
+Object.keys(parseTests).forEach(function(u) {
+  test('parse(' + u + ')', function() {
+    var actual = url.parse(u),
+        spaced = url.parse('     \t  ' + u + '\n\t');
+        expected = parseTests[u];
+
+    Object.keys(actual).forEach(function (i) {
+      if (expected[i] === undefined && actual[i] === null) {
+        expected[i] = null;
+      }
+    });
+
+    assert.deepEqual(actual, expected);
+    assert.deepEqual(spaced, expected);
+
+    var expected = parseTests[u].href,
+        actual = url.format(parseTests[u]);
+
+    assert.equal(actual, expected,
+                 'format(' + u + ') == ' + u + '\nactual:' + actual);
+  });
+});
+
+var parseTestsWithQueryString = {
+  '/foo/bar?baz=quux#frag' : {
+    'href': '/foo/bar?baz=quux#frag',
+    'hash': '#frag',
+    'search': '?baz=quux',
+    'query': {
+      'baz': 'quux'
+    },
+    'pathname': '/foo/bar',
+    'path': '/foo/bar?baz=quux'
+  },
+  'http://example.com' : {
+    'href': 'http://example.com/',
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'host': 'example.com',
+    'hostname': 'example.com',
+    'query': {},
+    'search': '',
+    'pathname': '/',
+    'path': '/'
+  },
+  '/example': {
+    protocol: null,
+    slashes: null,
+    auth: null,
+    host: null,
+    port: null,
+    hostname: null,
+    hash: null,
+    search: '',
+    query: {},
+    pathname: '/example',
+    path: '/example',
+    href: '/example'
+  },
+  '/example?query=value':{
+    protocol: null,
+    slashes: null,
+    auth: null,
+    host: null,
+    port: null,
+    hostname: null,
+    hash: null,
+    search: '?query=value',
+    query: { query: 'value' },
+    pathname: '/example',
+    path: '/example?query=value',
+    href: '/example?query=value'
+  }
+};
+
+Object.keys(parseTestsWithQueryString).forEach(function(u) {
+  test('parse(' + u + ')', function() {
+    var actual = url.parse(u, true);
+    var expected = parseTestsWithQueryString[u];
+    for (var i in actual) {
+      if (actual[i] === null && expected[i] === undefined) {
+        expected[i] = null;
+      }
+    }
+
+    assert.deepEqual(actual, expected);
+  });
+});
+
+// some extra formatting tests, just to verify
+// that it'll format slightly wonky content to a valid url.
+var formatTests = {
+  'http://example.com?' : {
+    'href': 'http://example.com/?',
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'slashes': true,
+    'host': 'example.com',
+    'hostname': 'example.com',
+    'search': '?',
+    'query': {},
+    'pathname': '/'
+  },
+  'http://example.com?foo=bar#frag' : {
+    'href': 'http://example.com/?foo=bar#frag',
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'host': 'example.com',
+    'hostname': 'example.com',
+    'hash': '#frag',
+    'search': '?foo=bar',
+    'query': 'foo=bar',
+    'pathname': '/'
+  },
+  'http://example.com?foo=@bar#frag' : {
+    'href': 'http://example.com/?foo=@bar#frag',
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'host': 'example.com',
+    'hostname': 'example.com',
+    'hash': '#frag',
+    'search': '?foo=@bar',
+    'query': 'foo=@bar',
+    'pathname': '/'
+  },
+  'http://example.com?foo=/bar/#frag' : {
+    'href': 'http://example.com/?foo=/bar/#frag',
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'host': 'example.com',
+    'hostname': 'example.com',
+    'hash': '#frag',
+    'search': '?foo=/bar/',
+    'query': 'foo=/bar/',
+    'pathname': '/'
+  },
+  'http://example.com?foo=?bar/#frag' : {
+    'href': 'http://example.com/?foo=?bar/#frag',
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'host': 'example.com',
+    'hostname': 'example.com',
+    'hash': '#frag',
+    'search': '?foo=?bar/',
+    'query': 'foo=?bar/',
+    'pathname': '/'
+  },
+  'http://example.com#frag=?bar/#frag' : {
+    'href': 'http://example.com/#frag=?bar/#frag',
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'host': 'example.com',
+    'hostname': 'example.com',
+    'hash': '#frag=?bar/#frag',
+    'pathname': '/'
+  },
+  'http://google.com" onload="alert(42)/' : {
+    'href': 'http://google.com/%22%20onload=%22alert(42)/',
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'host': 'google.com',
+    'pathname': '/%22%20onload=%22alert(42)/'
+  },
+  'http://a.com/a/b/c?s#h' : {
+    'href': 'http://a.com/a/b/c?s#h',
+    'protocol': 'http',
+    'host': 'a.com',
+    'pathname': 'a/b/c',
+    'hash': 'h',
+    'search': 's'
+  },
+  'xmpp:isaacschlueter@jabber.org' : {
+    'href': 'xmpp:isaacschlueter@jabber.org',
+    'protocol': 'xmpp:',
+    'host': 'jabber.org',
+    'auth': 'isaacschlueter',
+    'hostname': 'jabber.org'
+  },
+  'http://atpass:foo%40bar@127.0.0.1/' : {
+    'href': 'http://atpass:foo%40bar@127.0.0.1/',
+    'auth': 'atpass:foo@bar',
+    'hostname': '127.0.0.1',
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'pathname': '/'
+  },
+  'http://atslash%2F%40:%2F%40@foo/' : {
+    'href': 'http://atslash%2F%40:%2F%40@foo/',
+    'auth': 'atslash/@:/@',
+    'hostname': 'foo',
+    'protocol': 'http:',
+    'pathname': '/'
+  },
+  'svn+ssh://foo/bar': {
+    'href': 'svn+ssh://foo/bar',
+    'hostname': 'foo',
+    'protocol': 'svn+ssh:',
+    'pathname': '/bar',
+    'slashes': true
+  },
+  'dash-test://foo/bar': {
+    'href': 'dash-test://foo/bar',
+    'hostname': 'foo',
+    'protocol': 'dash-test:',
+    'pathname': '/bar',
+    'slashes': true
+  },
+  'dash-test:foo/bar': {
+    'href': 'dash-test:foo/bar',
+    'hostname': 'foo',
+    'protocol': 'dash-test:',
+    'pathname': '/bar'
+  },
+  'dot.test://foo/bar': {
+    'href': 'dot.test://foo/bar',
+    'hostname': 'foo',
+    'protocol': 'dot.test:',
+    'pathname': '/bar',
+    'slashes': true
+  },
+  'dot.test:foo/bar': {
+    'href': 'dot.test:foo/bar',
+    'hostname': 'foo',
+    'protocol': 'dot.test:',
+    'pathname': '/bar'
+  },
+  // ipv6 support
+  'coap:u:p@[::1]:61616/.well-known/r?n=Temperature': {
+    'href': 'coap:u:p@[::1]:61616/.well-known/r?n=Temperature',
+    'protocol': 'coap:',
+    'auth': 'u:p',
+    'hostname': '::1',
+    'port': '61616',
+    'pathname': '/.well-known/r',
+    'search': 'n=Temperature'
+  },
+  'coap:[fedc:ba98:7654:3210:fedc:ba98:7654:3210]:61616/s/stopButton': {
+    'href': 'coap:[fedc:ba98:7654:3210:fedc:ba98:7654:3210]:61616/s/stopButton',
+    'protocol': 'coap',
+    'host': '[fedc:ba98:7654:3210:fedc:ba98:7654:3210]:61616',
+    'pathname': '/s/stopButton'
+  },
+
+  // encode context-specific delimiters in path and query, but do not touch
+  // other non-delimiter chars like `%`.
+  // <https://github.com/joyent/node/issues/4082>
+
+  // `#`,`?` in path
+  '/path/to/%%23%3F+=&.txt?foo=theA1#bar' : {
+    href : '/path/to/%%23%3F+=&.txt?foo=theA1#bar',
+    pathname: '/path/to/%#?+=&.txt',
+    query: {
+      foo: 'theA1'
+    },
+    hash: "#bar"
+  },
+
+  // `#`,`?` in path + `#` in query
+  '/path/to/%%23%3F+=&.txt?foo=the%231#bar' : {
+    href : '/path/to/%%23%3F+=&.txt?foo=the%231#bar',
+    pathname: '/path/to/%#?+=&.txt',
+    query: {
+      foo: 'the#1'
+    },
+    hash: "#bar"
+  },
+
+  // `?` and `#` in path and search
+  'http://ex.com/foo%3F100%m%23r?abc=the%231?&foo=bar#frag': {
+    href: 'http://ex.com/foo%3F100%m%23r?abc=the%231?&foo=bar#frag',
+    protocol: 'http:',
+    hostname: 'ex.com',
+    hash: '#frag',
+    search: '?abc=the#1?&foo=bar',
+    pathname: '/foo?100%m#r',
+  },
+
+  // `?` and `#` in search only
+  'http://ex.com/fooA100%mBr?abc=the%231?&foo=bar#frag': {
+    href: 'http://ex.com/fooA100%mBr?abc=the%231?&foo=bar#frag',
+    protocol: 'http:',
+    hostname: 'ex.com',
+    hash: '#frag',
+    search: '?abc=the#1?&foo=bar',
+    pathname: '/fooA100%mBr',
+  }
+};
+
+Object.keys(formatTests).forEach(function(u) {
+  test('format(' + u + ')', function() {
+    var expect = formatTests[u].href;
+    delete formatTests[u].href;
+    var actual = url.format(u);
+    var actualObj = url.format(formatTests[u]);
+    assert.equal(actual, expect,
+                 'wonky format(' + u + ') == ' + expect +
+                 '\nactual:' + actual);
+    assert.equal(actualObj, expect,
+                 'wonky format(' + JSON.stringify(formatTests[u]) +
+                 ') == ' + expect +
+                 '\nactual: ' + actualObj);
+  });
+});
+
+/*
+ [from, path, expected]
+*/
+var relativeTests = [
+  ['/foo/bar/baz', 'quux', '/foo/bar/quux'],
+  ['/foo/bar/baz', 'quux/asdf', '/foo/bar/quux/asdf'],
+  ['/foo/bar/baz', 'quux/baz', '/foo/bar/quux/baz'],
+  ['/foo/bar/baz', '../quux/baz', '/foo/quux/baz'],
+  ['/foo/bar/baz', '/bar', '/bar'],
+  ['/foo/bar/baz/', 'quux', '/foo/bar/baz/quux'],
+  ['/foo/bar/baz/', 'quux/baz', '/foo/bar/baz/quux/baz'],
+  ['/foo/bar/baz', '../../../../../../../../quux/baz', '/quux/baz'],
+  ['/foo/bar/baz', '../../../../../../../quux/baz', '/quux/baz'],
+  ['/foo', '.', '/'],
+  ['/foo', '..', '/'],
+  ['/foo/', '.', '/foo/'],
+  ['/foo/', '..', '/'],
+  ['/foo/bar', '.', '/foo/'],
+  ['/foo/bar', '..', '/'],
+  ['/foo/bar/', '.', '/foo/bar/'],
+  ['/foo/bar/', '..', '/foo/'],
+  ['foo/bar', '../../../baz', '../../baz'],
+  ['foo/bar/', '../../../baz', '../baz'],
+  ['http://example.com/b//c//d;p?q#blarg', 'https:#hash2', 'https:///#hash2'],
+  ['http://example.com/b//c//d;p?q#blarg',
+   'https:/p/a/t/h?s#hash2',
+   'https://p/a/t/h?s#hash2'],
+  ['http://example.com/b//c//d;p?q#blarg',
+   'https://u:p@h.com/p/a/t/h?s#hash2',
+   'https://u:p@h.com/p/a/t/h?s#hash2'],
+  ['http://example.com/b//c//d;p?q#blarg',
+   'https:/a/b/c/d',
+   'https://a/b/c/d'],
+  ['http://example.com/b//c//d;p?q#blarg',
+   'http:#hash2',
+   'http://example.com/b//c//d;p?q#hash2'],
+  ['http://example.com/b//c//d;p?q#blarg',
+   'http:/p/a/t/h?s#hash2',
+   'http://example.com/p/a/t/h?s#hash2'],
+  ['http://example.com/b//c//d;p?q#blarg',
+   'http://u:p@h.com/p/a/t/h?s#hash2',
+   'http://u:p@h.com/p/a/t/h?s#hash2'],
+  ['http://example.com/b//c//d;p?q#blarg',
+   'http:/a/b/c/d',
+   'http://example.com/a/b/c/d'],
+  ['/foo/bar/baz', '/../etc/passwd', '/etc/passwd']
+];
+
+relativeTests.forEach(function(relativeTest) {
+  test('resolve(' + [relativeTest[0], relativeTest[1]] + ')', function() {
+    var a = url.resolve(relativeTest[0], relativeTest[1]),
+        e = relativeTest[2];
+    assert.equal(a, e,
+                 'resolve(' + [relativeTest[0], relativeTest[1]] + ') == ' + e +
+                 '\n  actual=' + a);
+  });
+});
+
+
+// https://github.com/joyent/node/issues/568
+[
+  undefined,
+  null,
+  true,
+  false,
+  0.0,
+  0,
+  [],
+  {}
+].forEach(function(val) {
+  test('parse(' + val + ')', function() {
+    assert.throws(function() { url.parse(val); }, TypeError);
+  });
+});
+
+
+//
+// Tests below taken from Chiron
+// http://code.google.com/p/chironjs/source/browse/trunk/src/test/http/url.js
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2002-2008 Kris Kowal <http://cixar.com/~kris.kowal>
+// used with permission under MIT License
+//
+// Changes marked with @isaacs
+
+var bases = [
+  'http://a/b/c/d;p?q',
+  'http://a/b/c/d;p?q=1/2',
+  'http://a/b/c/d;p=1/2?q',
+  'fred:///s//a/b/c',
+  'http:///s//a/b/c'
+];
+
+//[to, from, result]
+var relativeTests2 = [
+  // http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/uri/2004Feb/0114.html
+  ['../c', 'foo:a/b', 'foo:c'],
+  ['foo:.', 'foo:a', 'foo:'],
+  ['/foo/../../../bar', 'zz:abc', 'zz:/bar'],
+  ['/foo/../bar', 'zz:abc', 'zz:/bar'],
+  // @isaacs Disagree. Not how web browsers resolve this.
+  ['foo/../../../bar', 'zz:abc', 'zz:bar'],
+  // ['foo/../../../bar',  'zz:abc', 'zz:../../bar'], // @isaacs Added
+  ['foo/../bar', 'zz:abc', 'zz:bar'],
+  ['zz:.', 'zz:abc', 'zz:'],
+  ['/.', bases[0], 'http://a/'],
+  ['/.foo', bases[0], 'http://a/.foo'],
+  ['.foo', bases[0], 'http://a/b/c/.foo'],
+
+  // http://gbiv.com/protocols/uri/test/rel_examples1.html
+  // examples from RFC 2396
+  ['g:h', bases[0], 'g:h'],
+  ['g', bases[0], 'http://a/b/c/g'],
+  ['./g', bases[0], 'http://a/b/c/g'],
+  ['g/', bases[0], 'http://a/b/c/g/'],
+  ['/g', bases[0], 'http://a/g'],
+  ['//g', bases[0], 'http://g/'],
+  // changed with RFC 2396bis
+  //('?y', bases[0], 'http://a/b/c/d;p?y'],
+  ['?y', bases[0], 'http://a/b/c/d;p?y'],
+  ['g?y', bases[0], 'http://a/b/c/g?y'],
+  // changed with RFC 2396bis
+  //('#s', bases[0], CURRENT_DOC_URI + '#s'],
+  ['#s', bases[0], 'http://a/b/c/d;p?q#s'],
+  ['g#s', bases[0], 'http://a/b/c/g#s'],
+  ['g?y#s', bases[0], 'http://a/b/c/g?y#s'],
+  [';x', bases[0], 'http://a/b/c/;x'],
+  ['g;x', bases[0], 'http://a/b/c/g;x'],
+  ['g;x?y#s' , bases[0], 'http://a/b/c/g;x?y#s'],
+  // changed with RFC 2396bis
+  //('', bases[0], CURRENT_DOC_URI],
+  ['', bases[0], 'http://a/b/c/d;p?q'],
+  ['.', bases[0], 'http://a/b/c/'],
+  ['./', bases[0], 'http://a/b/c/'],
+  ['..', bases[0], 'http://a/b/'],
+  ['../', bases[0], 'http://a/b/'],
+  ['../g', bases[0], 'http://a/b/g'],
+  ['../..', bases[0], 'http://a/'],
+  ['../../', bases[0], 'http://a/'],
+  ['../../g' , bases[0], 'http://a/g'],
+  ['../../../g', bases[0], ('http://a/../g', 'http://a/g')],
+  ['../../../../g', bases[0], ('http://a/../../g', 'http://a/g')],
+  // changed with RFC 2396bis
+  //('/./g', bases[0], 'http://a/./g'],
+  ['/./g', bases[0], 'http://a/g'],
+  // changed with RFC 2396bis
+  //('/../g', bases[0], 'http://a/../g'],
+  ['/../g', bases[0], 'http://a/g'],
+  ['g.', bases[0], 'http://a/b/c/g.'],
+  ['.g', bases[0], 'http://a/b/c/.g'],
+  ['g..', bases[0], 'http://a/b/c/g..'],
+  ['..g', bases[0], 'http://a/b/c/..g'],
+  ['./../g', bases[0], 'http://a/b/g'],
+  ['./g/.', bases[0], 'http://a/b/c/g/'],
+  ['g/./h', bases[0], 'http://a/b/c/g/h'],
+  ['g/../h', bases[0], 'http://a/b/c/h'],
+  ['g;x=1/./y', bases[0], 'http://a/b/c/g;x=1/y'],
+  ['g;x=1/../y', bases[0], 'http://a/b/c/y'],
+  ['g?y/./x', bases[0], 'http://a/b/c/g?y/./x'],
+  ['g?y/../x', bases[0], 'http://a/b/c/g?y/../x'],
+  ['g#s/./x', bases[0], 'http://a/b/c/g#s/./x'],
+  ['g#s/../x', bases[0], 'http://a/b/c/g#s/../x'],
+  ['http:g', bases[0], ('http:g', 'http://a/b/c/g')],
+  ['http:', bases[0], ('http:', bases[0])],
+  // not sure where this one originated
+  ['/a/b/c/./../../g', bases[0], 'http://a/a/g'],
+
+  // http://gbiv.com/protocols/uri/test/rel_examples2.html
+  // slashes in base URI's query args
+  ['g', bases[1], 'http://a/b/c/g'],
+  ['./g', bases[1], 'http://a/b/c/g'],
+  ['g/', bases[1], 'http://a/b/c/g/'],
+  ['/g', bases[1], 'http://a/g'],
+  ['//g', bases[1], 'http://g/'],
+  // changed in RFC 2396bis
+  //('?y', bases[1], 'http://a/b/c/?y'],
+  ['?y', bases[1], 'http://a/b/c/d;p?y'],
+  ['g?y', bases[1], 'http://a/b/c/g?y'],
+  ['g?y/./x' , bases[1], 'http://a/b/c/g?y/./x'],
+  ['g?y/../x', bases[1], 'http://a/b/c/g?y/../x'],
+  ['g#s', bases[1], 'http://a/b/c/g#s'],
+  ['g#s/./x' , bases[1], 'http://a/b/c/g#s/./x'],
+  ['g#s/../x', bases[1], 'http://a/b/c/g#s/../x'],
+  ['./', bases[1], 'http://a/b/c/'],
+  ['../', bases[1], 'http://a/b/'],
+  ['../g', bases[1], 'http://a/b/g'],
+  ['../../', bases[1], 'http://a/'],
+  ['../../g' , bases[1], 'http://a/g'],
+
+  // http://gbiv.com/protocols/uri/test/rel_examples3.html
+  // slashes in path params
+  // all of these changed in RFC 2396bis
+  ['g', bases[2], 'http://a/b/c/d;p=1/g'],
+  ['./g', bases[2], 'http://a/b/c/d;p=1/g'],
+  ['g/', bases[2], 'http://a/b/c/d;p=1/g/'],
+  ['g?y', bases[2], 'http://a/b/c/d;p=1/g?y'],
+  [';x', bases[2], 'http://a/b/c/d;p=1/;x'],
+  ['g;x', bases[2], 'http://a/b/c/d;p=1/g;x'],
+  ['g;x=1/./y', bases[2], 'http://a/b/c/d;p=1/g;x=1/y'],
+  ['g;x=1/../y', bases[2], 'http://a/b/c/d;p=1/y'],
+  ['./', bases[2], 'http://a/b/c/d;p=1/'],
+  ['../', bases[2], 'http://a/b/c/'],
+  ['../g', bases[2], 'http://a/b/c/g'],
+  ['../../', bases[2], 'http://a/b/'],
+  ['../../g' , bases[2], 'http://a/b/g'],
+
+  // http://gbiv.com/protocols/uri/test/rel_examples4.html
+  // double and triple slash, unknown scheme
+  ['g:h', bases[3], 'g:h'],
+  ['g', bases[3], 'fred:///s//a/b/g'],
+  ['./g', bases[3], 'fred:///s//a/b/g'],
+  ['g/', bases[3], 'fred:///s//a/b/g/'],
+  ['/g', bases[3], 'fred:///g'],  // may change to fred:///s//a/g
+  ['//g', bases[3], 'fred://g'],   // may change to fred:///s//g
+  ['//g/x', bases[3], 'fred://g/x'], // may change to fred:///s//g/x
+  ['///g', bases[3], 'fred:///g'],
+  ['./', bases[3], 'fred:///s//a/b/'],
+  ['../', bases[3], 'fred:///s//a/'],
+  ['../g', bases[3], 'fred:///s//a/g'],
+
+  ['../../', bases[3], 'fred:///s//'],
+  ['../../g' , bases[3], 'fred:///s//g'],
+  ['../../../g', bases[3], 'fred:///s/g'],
+  // may change to fred:///s//a/../../../g
+  ['../../../../g', bases[3], 'fred:///g'],
+
+  // http://gbiv.com/protocols/uri/test/rel_examples5.html
+  // double and triple slash, well-known scheme
+  ['g:h', bases[4], 'g:h'],
+  ['g', bases[4], 'http:///s//a/b/g'],
+  ['./g', bases[4], 'http:///s//a/b/g'],
+  ['g/', bases[4], 'http:///s//a/b/g/'],
+  ['/g', bases[4], 'http:///g'],  // may change to http:///s//a/g
+  ['//g', bases[4], 'http://g/'],   // may change to http:///s//g
+  ['//g/x', bases[4], 'http://g/x'], // may change to http:///s//g/x
+  ['///g', bases[4], 'http:///g'],
+  ['./', bases[4], 'http:///s//a/b/'],
+  ['../', bases[4], 'http:///s//a/'],
+  ['../g', bases[4], 'http:///s//a/g'],
+  ['../../', bases[4], 'http:///s//'],
+  ['../../g' , bases[4], 'http:///s//g'],
+  // may change to http:///s//a/../../g
+  ['../../../g', bases[4], 'http:///s/g'],
+  // may change to http:///s//a/../../../g
+  ['../../../../g', bases[4], 'http:///g'],
+
+  // from Dan Connelly's tests in http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/uripath.py
+  ['bar:abc', 'foo:xyz', 'bar:abc'],
+  ['../abc', 'http://example/x/y/z', 'http://example/x/abc'],
+  ['http://example/x/abc', 'http://example2/x/y/z', 'http://example/x/abc'],
+  ['../r', 'http://ex/x/y/z', 'http://ex/x/r'],
+  ['q/r', 'http://ex/x/y', 'http://ex/x/q/r'],
+  ['q/r#s', 'http://ex/x/y', 'http://ex/x/q/r#s'],
+  ['q/r#s/t', 'http://ex/x/y', 'http://ex/x/q/r#s/t'],
+  ['ftp://ex/x/q/r', 'http://ex/x/y', 'ftp://ex/x/q/r'],
+  ['', 'http://ex/x/y', 'http://ex/x/y'],
+  ['', 'http://ex/x/y/', 'http://ex/x/y/'],
+  ['', 'http://ex/x/y/pdq', 'http://ex/x/y/pdq'],
+  ['z/', 'http://ex/x/y/', 'http://ex/x/y/z/'],
+  ['#Animal',
+   'file:/swap/test/animal.rdf',
+   'file:/swap/test/animal.rdf#Animal'],
+  ['../abc', 'file:/e/x/y/z', 'file:/e/x/abc'],
+  ['/example/x/abc', 'file:/example2/x/y/z', 'file:/example/x/abc'],
+  ['../r', 'file:/ex/x/y/z', 'file:/ex/x/r'],
+  ['/r', 'file:/ex/x/y/z', 'file:/r'],
+  ['q/r', 'file:/ex/x/y', 'file:/ex/x/q/r'],
+  ['q/r#s', 'file:/ex/x/y', 'file:/ex/x/q/r#s'],
+  ['q/r#', 'file:/ex/x/y', 'file:/ex/x/q/r#'],
+  ['q/r#s/t', 'file:/ex/x/y', 'file:/ex/x/q/r#s/t'],
+  ['ftp://ex/x/q/r', 'file:/ex/x/y', 'ftp://ex/x/q/r'],
+  ['', 'file:/ex/x/y', 'file:/ex/x/y'],
+  ['', 'file:/ex/x/y/', 'file:/ex/x/y/'],
+  ['', 'file:/ex/x/y/pdq', 'file:/ex/x/y/pdq'],
+  ['z/', 'file:/ex/x/y/', 'file:/ex/x/y/z/'],
+  ['file://meetings.example.com/cal#m1',
+   'file:/devel/WWW/2000/10/swap/test/reluri-1.n3',
+   'file://meetings.example.com/cal#m1'],
+  ['file://meetings.example.com/cal#m1',
+   'file:/home/connolly/w3ccvs/WWW/2000/10/swap/test/reluri-1.n3',
+   'file://meetings.example.com/cal#m1'],
+  ['./#blort', 'file:/some/dir/foo', 'file:/some/dir/#blort'],
+  ['./#', 'file:/some/dir/foo', 'file:/some/dir/#'],
+  // Ryan Lee
+  ['./', 'http://example/x/abc.efg', 'http://example/x/'],
+
+
+  // Graham Klyne's tests
+  // http://www.ninebynine.org/Software/HaskellUtils/Network/UriTest.xls
+  // 01-31 are from Connelly's cases
+
+  // 32-49
+  ['./q:r', 'http://ex/x/y', 'http://ex/x/q:r'],
+  ['./p=q:r', 'http://ex/x/y', 'http://ex/x/p=q:r'],
+  ['?pp/rr', 'http://ex/x/y?pp/qq', 'http://ex/x/y?pp/rr'],
+  ['y/z', 'http://ex/x/y?pp/qq', 'http://ex/x/y/z'],
+  ['local/qual@domain.org#frag',
+   'mailto:local',
+   'mailto:local/qual@domain.org#frag'],
+  ['more/qual2@domain2.org#frag',
+   'mailto:local/qual1@domain1.org',
+   'mailto:local/more/qual2@domain2.org#frag'],
+  ['y?q', 'http://ex/x/y?q', 'http://ex/x/y?q'],
+  ['/x/y?q', 'http://ex?p', 'http://ex/x/y?q'],
+  ['c/d', 'foo:a/b', 'foo:a/c/d'],
+  ['/c/d', 'foo:a/b', 'foo:/c/d'],
+  ['', 'foo:a/b?c#d', 'foo:a/b?c'],
+  ['b/c', 'foo:a', 'foo:b/c'],
+  ['../b/c', 'foo:/a/y/z', 'foo:/a/b/c'],
+  ['./b/c', 'foo:a', 'foo:b/c'],
+  ['/./b/c', 'foo:a', 'foo:/b/c'],
+  ['../../d', 'foo://a//b/c', 'foo://a/d'],
+  ['.', 'foo:a', 'foo:'],
+  ['..', 'foo:a', 'foo:'],
+
+  // 50-57[cf. TimBL comments --
+  //  http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/uri/2003Feb/0028.html,
+  //  http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/uri/2003Jan/0008.html)
+  ['abc', 'http://example/x/y%2Fz', 'http://example/x/abc'],
+  ['../../x%2Fabc', 'http://example/a/x/y/z', 'http://example/a/x%2Fabc'],
+  ['../x%2Fabc', 'http://example/a/x/y%2Fz', 'http://example/a/x%2Fabc'],
+  ['abc', 'http://example/x%2Fy/z', 'http://example/x%2Fy/abc'],
+  ['q%3Ar', 'http://ex/x/y', 'http://ex/x/q%3Ar'],
+  ['/x%2Fabc', 'http://example/x/y%2Fz', 'http://example/x%2Fabc'],
+  ['/x%2Fabc', 'http://example/x/y/z', 'http://example/x%2Fabc'],
+  ['/x%2Fabc', 'http://example/x/y%2Fz', 'http://example/x%2Fabc'],
+
+  // 70-77
+  ['local2@domain2', 'mailto:local1@domain1?query1', 'mailto:local2@domain2'],
+  ['local2@domain2?query2',
+   'mailto:local1@domain1',
+   'mailto:local2@domain2?query2'],
+  ['local2@domain2?query2',
+   'mailto:local1@domain1?query1',
+   'mailto:local2@domain2?query2'],
+  ['?query2', 'mailto:local@domain?query1', 'mailto:local@domain?query2'],
+  ['local@domain?query2', 'mailto:?query1', 'mailto:local@domain?query2'],
+  ['?query2', 'mailto:local@domain?query1', 'mailto:local@domain?query2'],
+  ['http://example/a/b?c/../d', 'foo:bar', 'http://example/a/b?c/../d'],
+  ['http://example/a/b#c/../d', 'foo:bar', 'http://example/a/b#c/../d'],
+
+  // 82-88
+  // @isaacs Disagree. Not how browsers do it.
+  // ['http:this', 'http://example.org/base/uri', 'http:this'],
+  // @isaacs Added
+  ['http:this', 'http://example.org/base/uri', 'http://example.org/base/this'],
+  ['http:this', 'http:base', 'http:this'],
+  ['.//g', 'f:/a', 'f://g'],
+  ['b/c//d/e', 'f://example.org/base/a', 'f://example.org/base/b/c//d/e'],
+  ['m2@example.ord/c2@example.org',
+   'mid:m@example.ord/c@example.org',
+   'mid:m@example.ord/m2@example.ord/c2@example.org'],
+  ['mini1.xml',
+   'file:///C:/DEV/Haskell/lib/HXmlToolbox-3.01/examples/',
+   'file:///C:/DEV/Haskell/lib/HXmlToolbox-3.01/examples/mini1.xml'],
+  ['../b/c', 'foo:a/y/z', 'foo:a/b/c'],
+
+  //changeing auth
+  ['http://diff:auth@www.example.com',
+   'http://asdf:qwer@www.example.com',
+   'http://diff:auth@www.example.com/']
+];
+
+relativeTests2.forEach(function(relativeTest) {
+  test('resolve(' + [relativeTest[1], relativeTest[0]] + ')', function() {
+    var a = url.resolve(relativeTest[1], relativeTest[0]),
+        e = relativeTest[2];
+    assert.equal(a, e,
+                 'resolve(' + [relativeTest[1], relativeTest[0]] + ') == ' + e +
+                 '\n  actual=' + a);
+  });
+});
+
+//if format and parse are inverse operations then
+//resolveObject(parse(x), y) == parse(resolve(x, y))
+
+//host and hostname are special, in this case a '' value is important
+var emptyIsImportant = {'host': true, 'hostname': ''};
+
+//format: [from, path, expected]
+relativeTests.forEach(function(relativeTest) {
+test('resolveObject(' + [relativeTest[0], relativeTest[1]] + ')', function() {
+    var actual = url.resolveObject(url.parse(relativeTest[0]), relativeTest[1]),
+        expected = url.parse(relativeTest[2]);
+
+
+    assert.deepEqual(actual, expected);
+
+    expected = relativeTest[2];
+    actual = url.format(actual);
+
+    assert.equal(actual, expected,
+                 'format(' + actual + ') == ' + expected + '\nactual:' + actual);
+  });
+});
+
+//format: [to, from, result]
+// the test: ['.//g', 'f:/a', 'f://g'] is a fundamental problem
+// url.parse('f:/a') does not have a host
+// url.resolve('f:/a', './/g') does not have a host because you have moved
+// down to the g directory.  i.e. f:     //g, however when this url is parsed
+// f:// will indicate that the host is g which is not the case.
+// it is unclear to me how to keep this information from being lost
+// it may be that a pathname of ////g should collapse to /g but this seems
+// to be a lot of work for an edge case.  Right now I remove the test
+if (relativeTests2[181][0] === './/g' &&
+    relativeTests2[181][1] === 'f:/a' &&
+    relativeTests2[181][2] === 'f://g') {
+  relativeTests2.splice(181, 1);
+}
+
+relativeTests2.forEach(function(relativeTest) {
+  test('resolveObject(' + [relativeTest[1], relativeTest[0]] + ')', function() {
+    var actual = url.resolveObject(url.parse(relativeTest[1]), relativeTest[0]),
+        expected = url.parse(relativeTest[2]);
+
+    assert.deepEqual(actual, expected);
+
+    var expected = relativeTest[2],
+        actual = url.format(actual);
+
+    assert.equal(actual, expected,
+                 'format(' + relativeTest[1] + ') == ' + expected +
+                 '\nactual:' + actual);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/node_modules/url/url.js b/node_modules/url/url.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..23ac6f5db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/node_modules/url/url.js
@@ -0,0 +1,732 @@
+// Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
+// persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
+// following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+// in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
+// NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
+// DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
+// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
+// USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+'use strict';
+
+var punycode = require('punycode');
+var util = require('./util');
+
+exports.parse = urlParse;
+exports.resolve = urlResolve;
+exports.resolveObject = urlResolveObject;
+exports.format = urlFormat;
+
+exports.Url = Url;
+
+function Url() {
+  this.protocol = null;
+  this.slashes = null;
+  this.auth = null;
+  this.host = null;
+  this.port = null;
+  this.hostname = null;
+  this.hash = null;
+  this.search = null;
+  this.query = null;
+  this.pathname = null;
+  this.path = null;
+  this.href = null;
+}
+
+// Reference: RFC 3986, RFC 1808, RFC 2396
+
+// define these here so at least they only have to be
+// compiled once on the first module load.
+var protocolPattern = /^([a-z0-9.+-]+:)/i,
+    portPattern = /:[0-9]*$/,
+
+    // Special case for a simple path URL
+    simplePathPattern = /^(\/\/?(?!\/)[^\?\s]*)(\?[^\s]*)?$/,
+
+    // RFC 2396: characters reserved for delimiting URLs.
+    // We actually just auto-escape these.
+    delims = ['<', '>', '"', '`', ' ', '\r', '\n', '\t'],
+
+    // RFC 2396: characters not allowed for various reasons.
+    unwise = ['{', '}', '|', '\\', '^', '`'].concat(delims),
+
+    // Allowed by RFCs, but cause of XSS attacks.  Always escape these.
+    autoEscape = ['\''].concat(unwise),
+    // Characters that are never ever allowed in a hostname.
+    // Note that any invalid chars are also handled, but these
+    // are the ones that are *expected* to be seen, so we fast-path
+    // them.
+    nonHostChars = ['%', '/', '?', ';', '#'].concat(autoEscape),
+    hostEndingChars = ['/', '?', '#'],
+    hostnameMaxLen = 255,
+    hostnamePartPattern = /^[+a-z0-9A-Z_-]{0,63}$/,
+    hostnamePartStart = /^([+a-z0-9A-Z_-]{0,63})(.*)$/,
+    // protocols that can allow "unsafe" and "unwise" chars.
+    unsafeProtocol = {
+      'javascript': true,
+      'javascript:': true
+    },
+    // protocols that never have a hostname.
+    hostlessProtocol = {
+      'javascript': true,
+      'javascript:': true
+    },
+    // protocols that always contain a // bit.
+    slashedProtocol = {
+      'http': true,
+      'https': true,
+      'ftp': true,
+      'gopher': true,
+      'file': true,
+      'http:': true,
+      'https:': true,
+      'ftp:': true,
+      'gopher:': true,
+      'file:': true
+    },
+    querystring = require('querystring');
+
+function urlParse(url, parseQueryString, slashesDenoteHost) {
+  if (url && util.isObject(url) && url instanceof Url) return url;
+
+  var u = new Url;
+  u.parse(url, parseQueryString, slashesDenoteHost);
+  return u;
+}
+
+Url.prototype.parse = function(url, parseQueryString, slashesDenoteHost) {
+  if (!util.isString(url)) {
+    throw new TypeError("Parameter 'url' must be a string, not " + typeof url);
+  }
+
+  // Copy chrome, IE, opera backslash-handling behavior.
+  // Back slashes before the query string get converted to forward slashes
+  // See: https://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=25916
+  var queryIndex = url.indexOf('?'),
+      splitter =
+          (queryIndex !== -1 && queryIndex < url.indexOf('#')) ? '?' : '#',
+      uSplit = url.split(splitter),
+      slashRegex = /\\/g;
+  uSplit[0] = uSplit[0].replace(slashRegex, '/');
+  url = uSplit.join(splitter);
+
+  var rest = url;
+
+  // trim before proceeding.
+  // This is to support parse stuff like "  http://foo.com  \n"
+  rest = rest.trim();
+
+  if (!slashesDenoteHost && url.split('#').length === 1) {
+    // Try fast path regexp
+    var simplePath = simplePathPattern.exec(rest);
+    if (simplePath) {
+      this.path = rest;
+      this.href = rest;
+      this.pathname = simplePath[1];
+      if (simplePath[2]) {
+        this.search = simplePath[2];
+        if (parseQueryString) {
+          this.query = querystring.parse(this.search.substr(1));
+        } else {
+          this.query = this.search.substr(1);
+        }
+      } else if (parseQueryString) {
+        this.search = '';
+        this.query = {};
+      }
+      return this;
+    }
+  }
+
+  var proto = protocolPattern.exec(rest);
+  if (proto) {
+    proto = proto[0];
+    var lowerProto = proto.toLowerCase();
+    this.protocol = lowerProto;
+    rest = rest.substr(proto.length);
+  }
+
+  // figure out if it's got a host
+  // user@server is *always* interpreted as a hostname, and url
+  // resolution will treat //foo/bar as host=foo,path=bar because that's
+  // how the browser resolves relative URLs.
+  if (slashesDenoteHost || proto || rest.match(/^\/\/[^@\/]+@[^@\/]+/)) {
+    var slashes = rest.substr(0, 2) === '//';
+    if (slashes && !(proto && hostlessProtocol[proto])) {
+      rest = rest.substr(2);
+      this.slashes = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!hostlessProtocol[proto] &&
+      (slashes || (proto && !slashedProtocol[proto]))) {
+
+    // there's a hostname.
+    // the first instance of /, ?, ;, or # ends the host.
+    //
+    // If there is an @ in the hostname, then non-host chars *are* allowed
+    // to the left of the last @ sign, unless some host-ending character
+    // comes *before* the @-sign.
+    // URLs are obnoxious.
+    //
+    // ex:
+    // http://a@b@c/ => user:a@b host:c
+    // http://a@b?@c => user:a host:c path:/?@c
+
+    // v0.12 TODO(isaacs): This is not quite how Chrome does things.
+    // Review our test case against browsers more comprehensively.
+
+    // find the first instance of any hostEndingChars
+    var hostEnd = -1;
+    for (var i = 0; i < hostEndingChars.length; i++) {
+      var hec = rest.indexOf(hostEndingChars[i]);
+      if (hec !== -1 && (hostEnd === -1 || hec < hostEnd))
+        hostEnd = hec;
+    }
+
+    // at this point, either we have an explicit point where the
+    // auth portion cannot go past, or the last @ char is the decider.
+    var auth, atSign;
+    if (hostEnd === -1) {
+      // atSign can be anywhere.
+      atSign = rest.lastIndexOf('@');
+    } else {
+      // atSign must be in auth portion.
+      // http://a@b/c@d => host:b auth:a path:/c@d
+      atSign = rest.lastIndexOf('@', hostEnd);
+    }
+
+    // Now we have a portion which is definitely the auth.
+    // Pull that off.
+    if (atSign !== -1) {
+      auth = rest.slice(0, atSign);
+      rest = rest.slice(atSign + 1);
+      this.auth = decodeURIComponent(auth);
+    }
+
+    // the host is the remaining to the left of the first non-host char
+    hostEnd = -1;
+    for (var i = 0; i < nonHostChars.length; i++) {
+      var hec = rest.indexOf(nonHostChars[i]);
+      if (hec !== -1 && (hostEnd === -1 || hec < hostEnd))
+        hostEnd = hec;
+    }
+    // if we still have not hit it, then the entire thing is a host.
+    if (hostEnd === -1)
+      hostEnd = rest.length;
+
+    this.host = rest.slice(0, hostEnd);
+    rest = rest.slice(hostEnd);
+
+    // pull out port.
+    this.parseHost();
+
+    // we've indicated that there is a hostname,
+    // so even if it's empty, it has to be present.
+    this.hostname = this.hostname || '';
+
+    // if hostname begins with [ and ends with ]
+    // assume that it's an IPv6 address.
+    var ipv6Hostname = this.hostname[0] === '[' &&
+        this.hostname[this.hostname.length - 1] === ']';
+
+    // validate a little.
+    if (!ipv6Hostname) {
+      var hostparts = this.hostname.split(/\./);
+      for (var i = 0, l = hostparts.length; i < l; i++) {
+        var part = hostparts[i];
+        if (!part) continue;
+        if (!part.match(hostnamePartPattern)) {
+          var newpart = '';
+          for (var j = 0, k = part.length; j < k; j++) {
+            if (part.charCodeAt(j) > 127) {
+              // we replace non-ASCII char with a temporary placeholder
+              // we need this to make sure size of hostname is not
+              // broken by replacing non-ASCII by nothing
+              newpart += 'x';
+            } else {
+              newpart += part[j];
+            }
+          }
+          // we test again with ASCII char only
+          if (!newpart.match(hostnamePartPattern)) {
+            var validParts = hostparts.slice(0, i);
+            var notHost = hostparts.slice(i + 1);
+            var bit = part.match(hostnamePartStart);
+            if (bit) {
+              validParts.push(bit[1]);
+              notHost.unshift(bit[2]);
+            }
+            if (notHost.length) {
+              rest = '/' + notHost.join('.') + rest;
+            }
+            this.hostname = validParts.join('.');
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (this.hostname.length > hostnameMaxLen) {
+      this.hostname = '';
+    } else {
+      // hostnames are always lower case.
+      this.hostname = this.hostname.toLowerCase();
+    }
+
+    if (!ipv6Hostname) {
+      // IDNA Support: Returns a punycoded representation of "domain".
+      // It only converts parts of the domain name that
+      // have non-ASCII characters, i.e. it doesn't matter if
+      // you call it with a domain that already is ASCII-only.
+      this.hostname = punycode.toASCII(this.hostname);
+    }
+
+    var p = this.port ? ':' + this.port : '';
+    var h = this.hostname || '';
+    this.host = h + p;
+    this.href += this.host;
+
+    // strip [ and ] from the hostname
+    // the host field still retains them, though
+    if (ipv6Hostname) {
+      this.hostname = this.hostname.substr(1, this.hostname.length - 2);
+      if (rest[0] !== '/') {
+        rest = '/' + rest;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // now rest is set to the post-host stuff.
+  // chop off any delim chars.
+  if (!unsafeProtocol[lowerProto]) {
+
+    // First, make 100% sure that any "autoEscape" chars get
+    // escaped, even if encodeURIComponent doesn't think they
+    // need to be.
+    for (var i = 0, l = autoEscape.length; i < l; i++) {
+      var ae = autoEscape[i];
+      if (rest.indexOf(ae) === -1)
+        continue;
+      var esc = encodeURIComponent(ae);
+      if (esc === ae) {
+        esc = escape(ae);
+      }
+      rest = rest.split(ae).join(esc);
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  // chop off from the tail first.
+  var hash = rest.indexOf('#');
+  if (hash !== -1) {
+    // got a fragment string.
+    this.hash = rest.substr(hash);
+    rest = rest.slice(0, hash);
+  }
+  var qm = rest.indexOf('?');
+  if (qm !== -1) {
+    this.search = rest.substr(qm);
+    this.query = rest.substr(qm + 1);
+    if (parseQueryString) {
+      this.query = querystring.parse(this.query);
+    }
+    rest = rest.slice(0, qm);
+  } else if (parseQueryString) {
+    // no query string, but parseQueryString still requested
+    this.search = '';
+    this.query = {};
+  }
+  if (rest) this.pathname = rest;
+  if (slashedProtocol[lowerProto] &&
+      this.hostname && !this.pathname) {
+    this.pathname = '/';
+  }
+
+  //to support http.request
+  if (this.pathname || this.search) {
+    var p = this.pathname || '';
+    var s = this.search || '';
+    this.path = p + s;
+  }
+
+  // finally, reconstruct the href based on what has been validated.
+  this.href = this.format();
+  return this;
+};
+
+// format a parsed object into a url string
+function urlFormat(obj) {
+  // ensure it's an object, and not a string url.
+  // If it's an obj, this is a no-op.
+  // this way, you can call url_format() on strings
+  // to clean up potentially wonky urls.
+  if (util.isString(obj)) obj = urlParse(obj);
+  if (!(obj instanceof Url)) return Url.prototype.format.call(obj);
+  return obj.format();
+}
+
+Url.prototype.format = function() {
+  var auth = this.auth || '';
+  if (auth) {
+    auth = encodeURIComponent(auth);
+    auth = auth.replace(/%3A/i, ':');
+    auth += '@';
+  }
+
+  var protocol = this.protocol || '',
+      pathname = this.pathname || '',
+      hash = this.hash || '',
+      host = false,
+      query = '';
+
+  if (this.host) {
+    host = auth + this.host;
+  } else if (this.hostname) {
+    host = auth + (this.hostname.indexOf(':') === -1 ?
+        this.hostname :
+        '[' + this.hostname + ']');
+    if (this.port) {
+      host += ':' + this.port;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (this.query &&
+      util.isObject(this.query) &&
+      Object.keys(this.query).length) {
+    query = querystring.stringify(this.query);
+  }
+
+  var search = this.search || (query && ('?' + query)) || '';
+
+  if (protocol && protocol.substr(-1) !== ':') protocol += ':';
+
+  // only the slashedProtocols get the //.  Not mailto:, xmpp:, etc.
+  // unless they had them to begin with.
+  if (this.slashes ||
+      (!protocol || slashedProtocol[protocol]) && host !== false) {
+    host = '//' + (host || '');
+    if (pathname && pathname.charAt(0) !== '/') pathname = '/' + pathname;
+  } else if (!host) {
+    host = '';
+  }
+
+  if (hash && hash.charAt(0) !== '#') hash = '#' + hash;
+  if (search && search.charAt(0) !== '?') search = '?' + search;
+
+  pathname = pathname.replace(/[?#]/g, function(match) {
+    return encodeURIComponent(match);
+  });
+  search = search.replace('#', '%23');
+
+  return protocol + host + pathname + search + hash;
+};
+
+function urlResolve(source, relative) {
+  return urlParse(source, false, true).resolve(relative);
+}
+
+Url.prototype.resolve = function(relative) {
+  return this.resolveObject(urlParse(relative, false, true)).format();
+};
+
+function urlResolveObject(source, relative) {
+  if (!source) return relative;
+  return urlParse(source, false, true).resolveObject(relative);
+}
+
+Url.prototype.resolveObject = function(relative) {
+  if (util.isString(relative)) {
+    var rel = new Url();
+    rel.parse(relative, false, true);
+    relative = rel;
+  }
+
+  var result = new Url();
+  var tkeys = Object.keys(this);
+  for (var tk = 0; tk < tkeys.length; tk++) {
+    var tkey = tkeys[tk];
+    result[tkey] = this[tkey];
+  }
+
+  // hash is always overridden, no matter what.
+  // even href="" will remove it.
+  result.hash = relative.hash;
+
+  // if the relative url is empty, then there's nothing left to do here.
+  if (relative.href === '') {
+    result.href = result.format();
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  // hrefs like //foo/bar always cut to the protocol.
+  if (relative.slashes && !relative.protocol) {
+    // take everything except the protocol from relative
+    var rkeys = Object.keys(relative);
+    for (var rk = 0; rk < rkeys.length; rk++) {
+      var rkey = rkeys[rk];
+      if (rkey !== 'protocol')
+        result[rkey] = relative[rkey];
+    }
+
+    //urlParse appends trailing / to urls like http://www.example.com
+    if (slashedProtocol[result.protocol] &&
+        result.hostname && !result.pathname) {
+      result.path = result.pathname = '/';
+    }
+
+    result.href = result.format();
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  if (relative.protocol && relative.protocol !== result.protocol) {
+    // if it's a known url protocol, then changing
+    // the protocol does weird things
+    // first, if it's not file:, then we MUST have a host,
+    // and if there was a path
+    // to begin with, then we MUST have a path.
+    // if it is file:, then the host is dropped,
+    // because that's known to be hostless.
+    // anything else is assumed to be absolute.
+    if (!slashedProtocol[relative.protocol]) {
+      var keys = Object.keys(relative);
+      for (var v = 0; v < keys.length; v++) {
+        var k = keys[v];
+        result[k] = relative[k];
+      }
+      result.href = result.format();
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    result.protocol = relative.protocol;
+    if (!relative.host && !hostlessProtocol[relative.protocol]) {
+      var relPath = (relative.pathname || '').split('/');
+      while (relPath.length && !(relative.host = relPath.shift()));
+      if (!relative.host) relative.host = '';
+      if (!relative.hostname) relative.hostname = '';
+      if (relPath[0] !== '') relPath.unshift('');
+      if (relPath.length < 2) relPath.unshift('');
+      result.pathname = relPath.join('/');
+    } else {
+      result.pathname = relative.pathname;
+    }
+    result.search = relative.search;
+    result.query = relative.query;
+    result.host = relative.host || '';
+    result.auth = relative.auth;
+    result.hostname = relative.hostname || relative.host;
+    result.port = relative.port;
+    // to support http.request
+    if (result.pathname || result.search) {
+      var p = result.pathname || '';
+      var s = result.search || '';
+      result.path = p + s;
+    }
+    result.slashes = result.slashes || relative.slashes;
+    result.href = result.format();
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  var isSourceAbs = (result.pathname && result.pathname.charAt(0) === '/'),
+      isRelAbs = (
+          relative.host ||
+          relative.pathname && relative.pathname.charAt(0) === '/'
+      ),
+      mustEndAbs = (isRelAbs || isSourceAbs ||
+                    (result.host && relative.pathname)),
+      removeAllDots = mustEndAbs,
+      srcPath = result.pathname && result.pathname.split('/') || [],
+      relPath = relative.pathname && relative.pathname.split('/') || [],
+      psychotic = result.protocol && !slashedProtocol[result.protocol];
+
+  // if the url is a non-slashed url, then relative
+  // links like ../.. should be able
+  // to crawl up to the hostname, as well.  This is strange.
+  // result.protocol has already been set by now.
+  // Later on, put the first path part into the host field.
+  if (psychotic) {
+    result.hostname = '';
+    result.port = null;
+    if (result.host) {
+      if (srcPath[0] === '') srcPath[0] = result.host;
+      else srcPath.unshift(result.host);
+    }
+    result.host = '';
+    if (relative.protocol) {
+      relative.hostname = null;
+      relative.port = null;
+      if (relative.host) {
+        if (relPath[0] === '') relPath[0] = relative.host;
+        else relPath.unshift(relative.host);
+      }
+      relative.host = null;
+    }
+    mustEndAbs = mustEndAbs && (relPath[0] === '' || srcPath[0] === '');
+  }
+
+  if (isRelAbs) {
+    // it's absolute.
+    result.host = (relative.host || relative.host === '') ?
+                  relative.host : result.host;
+    result.hostname = (relative.hostname || relative.hostname === '') ?
+                      relative.hostname : result.hostname;
+    result.search = relative.search;
+    result.query = relative.query;
+    srcPath = relPath;
+    // fall through to the dot-handling below.
+  } else if (relPath.length) {
+    // it's relative
+    // throw away the existing file, and take the new path instead.
+    if (!srcPath) srcPath = [];
+    srcPath.pop();
+    srcPath = srcPath.concat(relPath);
+    result.search = relative.search;
+    result.query = relative.query;
+  } else if (!util.isNullOrUndefined(relative.search)) {
+    // just pull out the search.
+    // like href='?foo'.
+    // Put this after the other two cases because it simplifies the booleans
+    if (psychotic) {
+      result.hostname = result.host = srcPath.shift();
+      //occationaly the auth can get stuck only in host
+      //this especially happens in cases like
+      //url.resolveObject('mailto:local1@domain1', 'local2@domain2')
+      var authInHost = result.host && result.host.indexOf('@') > 0 ?
+                       result.host.split('@') : false;
+      if (authInHost) {
+        result.auth = authInHost.shift();
+        result.host = result.hostname = authInHost.shift();
+      }
+    }
+    result.search = relative.search;
+    result.query = relative.query;
+    //to support http.request
+    if (!util.isNull(result.pathname) || !util.isNull(result.search)) {
+      result.path = (result.pathname ? result.pathname : '') +
+                    (result.search ? result.search : '');
+    }
+    result.href = result.format();
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  if (!srcPath.length) {
+    // no path at all.  easy.
+    // we've already handled the other stuff above.
+    result.pathname = null;
+    //to support http.request
+    if (result.search) {
+      result.path = '/' + result.search;
+    } else {
+      result.path = null;
+    }
+    result.href = result.format();
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  // if a url ENDs in . or .., then it must get a trailing slash.
+  // however, if it ends in anything else non-slashy,
+  // then it must NOT get a trailing slash.
+  var last = srcPath.slice(-1)[0];
+  var hasTrailingSlash = (
+      (result.host || relative.host || srcPath.length > 1) &&
+      (last === '.' || last === '..') || last === '');
+
+  // strip single dots, resolve double dots to parent dir
+  // if the path tries to go above the root, `up` ends up > 0
+  var up = 0;
+  for (var i = srcPath.length; i >= 0; i--) {
+    last = srcPath[i];
+    if (last === '.') {
+      srcPath.splice(i, 1);
+    } else if (last === '..') {
+      srcPath.splice(i, 1);
+      up++;
+    } else if (up) {
+      srcPath.splice(i, 1);
+      up--;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // if the path is allowed to go above the root, restore leading ..s
+  if (!mustEndAbs && !removeAllDots) {
+    for (; up--; up) {
+      srcPath.unshift('..');
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (mustEndAbs && srcPath[0] !== '' &&
+      (!srcPath[0] || srcPath[0].charAt(0) !== '/')) {
+    srcPath.unshift('');
+  }
+
+  if (hasTrailingSlash && (srcPath.join('/').substr(-1) !== '/')) {
+    srcPath.push('');
+  }
+
+  var isAbsolute = srcPath[0] === '' ||
+      (srcPath[0] && srcPath[0].charAt(0) === '/');
+
+  // put the host back
+  if (psychotic) {
+    result.hostname = result.host = isAbsolute ? '' :
+                                    srcPath.length ? srcPath.shift() : '';
+    //occationaly the auth can get stuck only in host
+    //this especially happens in cases like
+    //url.resolveObject('mailto:local1@domain1', 'local2@domain2')
+    var authInHost = result.host && result.host.indexOf('@') > 0 ?
+                     result.host.split('@') : false;
+    if (authInHost) {
+      result.auth = authInHost.shift();
+      result.host = result.hostname = authInHost.shift();
+    }
+  }
+
+  mustEndAbs = mustEndAbs || (result.host && srcPath.length);
+
+  if (mustEndAbs && !isAbsolute) {
+    srcPath.unshift('');
+  }
+
+  if (!srcPath.length) {
+    result.pathname = null;
+    result.path = null;
+  } else {
+    result.pathname = srcPath.join('/');
+  }
+
+  //to support request.http
+  if (!util.isNull(result.pathname) || !util.isNull(result.search)) {
+    result.path = (result.pathname ? result.pathname : '') +
+                  (result.search ? result.search : '');
+  }
+  result.auth = relative.auth || result.auth;
+  result.slashes = result.slashes || relative.slashes;
+  result.href = result.format();
+  return result;
+};
+
+Url.prototype.parseHost = function() {
+  var host = this.host;
+  var port = portPattern.exec(host);
+  if (port) {
+    port = port[0];
+    if (port !== ':') {
+      this.port = port.substr(1);
+    }
+    host = host.substr(0, host.length - port.length);
+  }
+  if (host) this.hostname = host;
+};
diff --git a/node_modules/url/util.js b/node_modules/url/util.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..97dcf31cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/node_modules/url/util.js
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = {
+  isString: function(arg) {
+    return typeof(arg) === 'string';
+  },
+  isObject: function(arg) {
+    return typeof(arg) === 'object' && arg !== null;
+  },
+  isNull: function(arg) {
+    return arg === null;
+  },
+  isNullOrUndefined: function(arg) {
+    return arg == null;
+  }
+};