Merge branch 'master' into age-withdraw-merge

89 files changed, 1852 insertions, 3271 deletions

diff --git a/src/auditor/taler-auditor-httpd.c b/src/auditor/taler-auditor-httpd.c
index 68316082f..a59ce3de0 100644
--- a/src/auditor/taler-auditor-httpd.c
+++ b/src/auditor/taler-auditor-httpd.c
@@ -157,6 +157,8 @@ handle_config (struct TAH_RequestHandler *rh,
   if (NULL == ver)
   {
     ver = GNUNET_JSON_PACK (
+      GNUNET_JSON_pack_string ("name",
+                               "taler-auditor"),
       GNUNET_JSON_pack_string ("version",
                                AUDITOR_PROTOCOL_VERSION),
       GNUNET_JSON_pack_string ("currency",
diff --git a/src/benchmark/taler-exchange-benchmark.c b/src/benchmark/taler-exchange-benchmark.c
index daae5ba68..947e29487 100644
--- a/src/benchmark/taler-exchange-benchmark.c
+++ b/src/benchmark/taler-exchange-benchmark.c
@@ -514,7 +514,7 @@ parallel_benchmark (TALER_TESTING_Main main_cb,
 
   /* We always wait for the exchange, no matter if it's running locally or
      remotely */
-  if (0 != TALER_TESTING_wait_exchange_ready (ec.exchange_url))
+  if (0 != TALER_TESTING_wait_httpd_ready (ec.exchange_url))
   {
     GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR,
                 "Failed to detect running exchange at `%s'\n",
diff --git a/src/exchange/taler-exchange-httpd_common_kyc.c b/src/exchange/taler-exchange-httpd_common_kyc.c
index ef917a559..b6585ed58 100644
--- a/src/exchange/taler-exchange-httpd_common_kyc.c
+++ b/src/exchange/taler-exchange-httpd_common_kyc.c
@@ -147,6 +147,10 @@ kyc_aml_finished (void *cls,
     ea,
     0 != code);
   GNUNET_free (ea);
+  GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_INFO,
+              "Stored encrypted KYC process #%llu attributes: %d\n",
+              (unsigned long long) kat->process_row,
+              qs);
   if (GNUNET_DB_STATUS_HARD_ERROR == qs)
   {
     GNUNET_break (0);
diff --git a/src/exchange/taler-exchange-httpd_kyc-check.c b/src/exchange/taler-exchange-httpd_kyc-check.c
index 0372573bb..4b78c071a 100644
--- a/src/exchange/taler-exchange-httpd_kyc-check.c
+++ b/src/exchange/taler-exchange-httpd_kyc-check.c
@@ -601,11 +601,12 @@ TEH_handler_kyc_check (
   {
     GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_INFO,
                 "Suspending HTTP request on timeout (%s) now...\n",
-                GNUNET_TIME_relative2s (GNUNET_TIME_absolute_get_duration (
+                GNUNET_TIME_relative2s (GNUNET_TIME_absolute_get_remaining (
                                           kyp->timeout),
                                         true));
     GNUNET_assert (NULL != kyp->eh);
     kyp->suspended = true;
+    kyp->section_name = NULL;
     GNUNET_CONTAINER_DLL_insert (kyp_head,
                                  kyp_tail,
                                  kyp);
diff --git a/src/exchange/taler-exchange-httpd_kyc-proof.c b/src/exchange/taler-exchange-httpd_kyc-proof.c
index b3175bd28..a3eb5cb55 100644
--- a/src/exchange/taler-exchange-httpd_kyc-proof.c
+++ b/src/exchange/taler-exchange-httpd_kyc-proof.c
@@ -221,6 +221,9 @@ proof_cb (
                             &old_scope);
   if (TALER_KYCLOGIC_STATUS_SUCCESS == status)
   {
+    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_INFO,
+                "KYC process #%llu succeeded with KYC provider\n",
+                (unsigned long long) kpc->process_row);
     kpc->kat = TEH_kyc_finished (&rc->async_scope_id,
                                  kpc->process_row,
                                  &kpc->h_payto,
diff --git a/src/exchangedb/exchange_do_batch_reserves_update.sql b/src/exchangedb/exchange_do_batch_reserves_update.sql
index 82b6b84c1..39920629b 100644
--- a/src/exchangedb/exchange_do_batch_reserves_update.sql
+++ b/src/exchangedb/exchange_do_batch_reserves_update.sql
@@ -65,7 +65,9 @@ BEGIN
              ,expiration_date=GREATEST(expiration_date,in_expiration_date)
              ,gc_date=GREATEST(gc_date,in_expiration_date)
    	        WHERE reserve_pub=in_reserve_pub;
-    PERFORM pg_notify(in_notify, NULL);
+    EXECUTE FORMAT (
+      'NOTIFY %s'
+      ,in_notify);
   ELSE
     out_duplicate = TRUE;
   END IF;
diff --git a/src/exchangedb/exchange_do_insert_kyc_attributes.sql b/src/exchangedb/exchange_do_insert_kyc_attributes.sql
index 949181399..ae6a65759 100644
--- a/src/exchangedb/exchange_do_insert_kyc_attributes.sql
+++ b/src/exchangedb/exchange_do_insert_kyc_attributes.sql
@@ -75,8 +75,10 @@ THEN
     UPDATE SET status=EXCLUDED.status | 1;
 END IF;
 
--- Wake up everyone who might care...
-PERFORM pg_notify (in_kyc_completed_notify_s, NULL);
+EXECUTE FORMAT (
+ 'NOTIFY %s'
+ ,in_kyc_completed_notify_s);
+
 
 INSERT INTO kyc_alerts
  (h_payto
diff --git a/src/exchangedb/pg_insert_aml_decision.c b/src/exchangedb/pg_insert_aml_decision.c
index 62645c2a2..fcf67ee46 100644
--- a/src/exchangedb/pg_insert_aml_decision.c
+++ b/src/exchangedb/pg_insert_aml_decision.c
@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@ TEH_PG_insert_aml_decision (
                                                  params,
                                                  rs);
   GNUNET_free (notify_s);
+  GNUNET_PQ_event_do_poll (pg->conn);
   if (NULL != kyc_s)
     free (kyc_s);
   return qs;
diff --git a/src/exchangedb/pg_insert_kyc_attributes.c b/src/exchangedb/pg_insert_kyc_attributes.c
index 361f491e8..e3c246e5c 100644
--- a/src/exchangedb/pg_insert_kyc_attributes.c
+++ b/src/exchangedb/pg_insert_kyc_attributes.c
@@ -25,6 +25,9 @@
 #include "pg_insert_kyc_attributes.h"
 #include "pg_helper.h"
 
+void
+event_do_poll (struct GNUNET_PQ_Context *db);
+
 
 enum GNUNET_DB_QueryStatus
 TEH_PG_insert_kyc_attributes (
@@ -81,6 +84,9 @@ TEH_PG_insert_kyc_attributes (
   };
   enum GNUNET_DB_QueryStatus qs;
 
+  GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_INFO,
+              "Inserting KYC attributes, wake up on %s\n",
+              kyc_completed_notify_s);
   PREPARE (pg,
            "insert_kyc_attributes",
            "SELECT "
@@ -92,6 +98,8 @@ TEH_PG_insert_kyc_attributes (
                                                  params,
                                                  rs);
   GNUNET_free (kyc_completed_notify_s);
+  GNUNET_PQ_event_do_poll (pg->conn);
+
   if (qs < 0)
     return qs;
   if (! ok)
diff --git a/src/exchangedb/pg_reserves_in_insert.c b/src/exchangedb/pg_reserves_in_insert.c
index 72fde7499..7f59826c7 100644
--- a/src/exchangedb/pg_reserves_in_insert.c
+++ b/src/exchangedb/pg_reserves_in_insert.c
@@ -611,6 +611,7 @@ TEH_PG_reserves_in_insert (
                  reserves_length,
                  batch_size,
                  results);
+  GNUNET_PQ_event_do_poll (pg->conn);
   for (unsigned int i = 0; i<reserves_length; i++)
     GNUNET_free (rrs[i].notify_s);
   return qs;
@@ -889,6 +890,7 @@ TEH_PG_reserves_in_insertN (
     }
   }
 finished:
+  GNUNET_PQ_event_do_poll (pg->conn);
   for (unsigned int i = 0; i<reserves_length; i++)
     GNUNET_free (rrs[i].notify_s);
   return qs;
diff --git a/src/exchangedb/test_idempotency.sh b/src/exchangedb/test_idempotency.sh
index 6ab5d1332..66f712c1c 100755
--- a/src/exchangedb/test_idempotency.sh
+++ b/src/exchangedb/test_idempotency.sh
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 # This file is in the public domain.
 set -eu
 echo "Initializing DB"
-taler-exchange-dbinit -r test-exchange-db-postgres.conf
+taler-exchange-dbinit -r -c test-exchange-db-postgres.conf
 echo "Re-initializing DB"
-taler-exchange-dbinit test-exchange-db-postgres.conf
+taler-exchange-dbinit -c test-exchange-db-postgres.conf
 echo "Re-loading procedures"
 psql talercheck < procedures.sql
 echo "Test PASSED"
diff --git a/src/include/taler_auditor_service.h b/src/include/taler_auditor_service.h
index 0beff983d..3d8ca9efb 100644
--- a/src/include/taler_auditor_service.h
+++ b/src/include/taler_auditor_service.h
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
   This file is part of TALER
-  Copyright (C) 2014-2021 Taler Systems SA
+  Copyright (C) 2014-2023 Taler Systems SA
 
   TALER is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
   terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software
@@ -28,12 +28,12 @@
 #include <gnunet/gnunet_curl_lib.h>
 
 
-/* *********************  /version *********************** */
+/* *********************  /config *********************** */
 
 /**
- * @brief Information we get from the auditor about auditors.
+ * @brief Information we get from the auditor about itself.
  */
-struct TALER_AUDITOR_VersionInformation
+struct TALER_AUDITOR_ConfigInformation
 {
   /**
    * Public key of the auditing institution.  Wallets and merchants
@@ -147,57 +147,90 @@ struct TALER_AUDITOR_HttpResponse
 
 
 /**
+ * Response to /config request.
+ */
+struct TALER_AUDITOR_ConfigResponse
+{
+  /**
+   * HTTP response.
+   */
+  struct TALER_AUDITOR_HttpResponse hr;
+
+  /**
+   * Details depending on HTTP status.
+   */
+  union
+  {
+
+    /**
+     * Details for #MHD_HTTP_OK.
+     */
+    struct
+    {
+
+      /**
+       * Protocol compatibility evaluation.
+       */
+      enum TALER_AUDITOR_VersionCompatibility compat;
+
+      /**
+       * Config data returned by /config.
+       */
+      struct TALER_AUDITOR_ConfigInformation vi;
+
+    } ok;
+
+  } details;
+
+};
+
+
+/**
  * Function called with information about the auditor.
  *
  * @param cls closure
- * @param hr HTTP response data
- * @param vi basic information about the auditor
- * @param compat protocol compatibility information
+ * @param vr response data
  */
-// FIXME: bad API!
 typedef void
-(*TALER_AUDITOR_VersionCallback) (
+(*TALER_AUDITOR_ConfigCallback) (
   void *cls,
-  const struct TALER_AUDITOR_HttpResponse *hr,
-  const struct TALER_AUDITOR_VersionInformation *vi,
-  enum TALER_AUDITOR_VersionCompatibility compat);
+  const struct TALER_AUDITOR_ConfigResponse *vr);
 
 
 /**
  * @brief Handle to the auditor.  This is where we interact with
  * a particular auditor and keep the per-auditor information.
  */
-struct TALER_AUDITOR_Handle;
+struct TALER_AUDITOR_GetConfigHandle;
 
 
 /**
- * Initialise a connection to the auditor. Will connect to the
+ * Obtain meta data about an auditor. Will connect to the
  * auditor and obtain information about the auditor's master public
  * key and the auditor's auditor.  The respective information will
- * be passed to the @a version_cb once available, and all future
- * interactions with the auditor will be checked to be signed
- * (where appropriate) by the respective master key.
+ * be passed to the @a config_cb once available.
  *
- * @param ctx the context
+ * @param ctx the context for CURL requests
  * @param url HTTP base URL for the auditor
- * @param version_cb function to call with the auditor's version information
- * @param version_cb_cls closure for @a version_cb
+ * @param config_cb function to call with the auditor's config information
+ * @param config_cb_cls closure for @a config_cb
  * @return the auditor handle; NULL upon error
  */
-struct TALER_AUDITOR_Handle *
-TALER_AUDITOR_connect (struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
-                       const char *url,
-                       TALER_AUDITOR_VersionCallback version_cb,
-                       void *version_cb_cls);
+struct TALER_AUDITOR_GetConfigHandle *
+TALER_AUDITOR_get_config (struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+                          const char *url,
+                          TALER_AUDITOR_ConfigCallback config_cb,
+                          void *config_cb_cls);
 
 
 /**
- * Disconnect from the auditor.
+ * Cancel auditor config request.
  *
  * @param auditor the auditor handle
  */
 void
-TALER_AUDITOR_disconnect (struct TALER_AUDITOR_Handle *auditor);
+TALER_AUDITOR_get_config_cancel (struct
+                                 TALER_AUDITOR_GetConfigHandle *auditor);
 
 
 /**
@@ -207,16 +240,28 @@ struct TALER_AUDITOR_DepositConfirmationHandle;
 
 
 /**
+ * Response to /deposit-confirmation request.
+ */
+struct TALER_AUDITOR_DepositConfirmationResponse
+{
+  /**
+   * HTTP response.
+   */
+  struct TALER_AUDITOR_HttpResponse hr;
+};
+
+
+/**
  * Signature of functions called with the result from our call to the
  * auditor's /deposit-confirmation handler.
  *
  * @param cls closure
- * @param hr HTTP response data
+ * @param dcr response data
  */
 typedef void
 (*TALER_AUDITOR_DepositConfirmationResultCallback)(
   void *cls,
-  const struct TALER_AUDITOR_HttpResponse *hr);
+  const struct TALER_AUDITOR_DepositConfirmationResponse *dcr);
 
 
 /**
@@ -226,13 +271,13 @@ typedef void
  * that the response is well-formed.  If the auditor's reply is not
  * well-formed, we return an HTTP status code of zero to @a cb.
  *
- * We also verify that the @a exchange_sig is valid for this deposit-confirmation
- * request, and that the @a master_sig is a valid signature for @a
- * exchange_pub.  Also, the @a auditor must be ready to operate (i.e.  have
- * finished processing the /version reply).  If either check fails, we do
- * NOT initiate the transaction with the auditor and instead return NULL.
+ * We also verify that the @a exchange_sig is valid for this
+ * deposit-confirmation request, and that the @a master_sig is a valid
+ * signature for @a exchange_pub.  If the check fails, we do NOT initiate the
+ * transaction with the auditor and instead return NULL.
  *
- * @param auditor the auditor handle; the auditor must be ready to operate
+ * @param ctx the context for CURL requests
+ * @param url HTTP base URL for the auditor
  * @param h_wire hash of merchant wire details
  * @param h_policy hash over the policy, if any
  * @param h_contract_terms hash of the contact of the merchant with the customer (further details are never disclosed to the auditor)
@@ -256,7 +301,8 @@ typedef void
  */
 struct TALER_AUDITOR_DepositConfirmationHandle *
 TALER_AUDITOR_deposit_confirmation (
-  struct TALER_AUDITOR_Handle *auditor,
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
   const struct TALER_MerchantWireHashP *h_wire,
   const struct TALER_ExtensionPolicyHashP *h_policy,
   const struct TALER_PrivateContractHashP *h_contract_terms,
@@ -314,33 +360,69 @@ struct TALER_AUDITOR_ExchangeInfo
 
 
 /**
+ * Response to GET /exchanges request.
+ */
+struct TALER_AUDITOR_ListExchangesResponse
+{
+  /**
+   * HTTP response.
+   */
+  struct TALER_AUDITOR_HttpResponse hr;
+
+  /**
+   * Details depending on HTTP status.
+   */
+  union
+  {
+
+    /**
+     * Details for #MHD_HTTP_OK.
+     */
+    struct
+    {
+
+      /**
+       * Length of the @e ei array.
+       */
+      unsigned int num_exchanges;
+
+      /**
+       * Array with information about exchanges
+       * audited by this auditor.
+       */
+      const struct TALER_AUDITOR_ExchangeInfo *ei;
+    } ok;
+  } details;
+};
+
+
+/**
  * Function called with the result from /exchanges.
  *
  * @param cls closure
- * @param hr HTTP response data
- * @param num_exchanges length of array at @a ei
- * @param ei information about exchanges returned by the auditor
+ * @param ler response data
  */
 typedef void
 (*TALER_AUDITOR_ListExchangesResultCallback)(
   void *cls,
-  const struct TALER_AUDITOR_HttpResponse *hr,
-  unsigned int num_exchanges,
-  const struct TALER_AUDITOR_ExchangeInfo *ei);
+  const struct TALER_AUDITOR_ListExchangesResponse *ler);
+
 
 /**
  * Submit an /exchanges request to the auditor and get the
  * auditor's response.  If the auditor's reply is not
  * well-formed, we return an HTTP status code of zero to @a cb.
  *
- * @param auditor the auditor handle; the auditor must be ready to operate
+ * @param ctx the context for CURL requests
+ * @param url HTTP base URL for the auditor
  * @param cb the callback to call when a reply for this request is available
  * @param cb_cls closure for the above callback
  * @return a handle for this request; NULL if the inputs are invalid (i.e.
  *         signatures fail to verify).  In this case, the callback is not called.
  */
 struct TALER_AUDITOR_ListExchangesHandle *
-TALER_AUDITOR_list_exchanges (struct TALER_AUDITOR_Handle *auditor,
+TALER_AUDITOR_list_exchanges (struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+                              const char *url,
                               TALER_AUDITOR_ListExchangesResultCallback cb,
                               void *cb_cls);
 
diff --git a/src/include/taler_exchange_service.h b/src/include/taler_exchange_service.h
index 3e0206eb7..bc6a230b6 100644
--- a/src/include/taler_exchange_service.h
+++ b/src/include/taler_exchange_service.h
@@ -573,19 +573,40 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_disconnect (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange);
  * @param exchange the exchange handle
  * @return the exchange's key set
  */
-const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *
+struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *
 TALER_EXCHANGE_get_keys (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange);
 
 
 /**
+ * Increment reference counter for @a keys
+ *
+ * @param[in,out] keys object to increment reference counter for
+ * @return keys, with incremented reference counter
+ */
+struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *
+TALER_EXCHANGE_keys_incref (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys);
+
+
+/**
+ * Deccrement reference counter for @a keys.
+ * Frees @a keys if reference counter becomes zero.
+ *
+ * @param[in,out] keys object to decrement reference counter for
+ */
+void
+TALER_EXCHANGE_keys_decref (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys);
+
+
+/**
  * Let the user set the last valid denomination time manually.
  *
  * @param exchange the exchange handle.
  * @param last_denom_new new last denomination time.
  */
 void
-TALER_EXCHANGE_set_last_denom (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
-                               struct GNUNET_TIME_Timestamp last_denom_new);
+TALER_EXCHANGE_set_last_denom (
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
+  struct GNUNET_TIME_Timestamp last_denom_new);
 
 
 /**
@@ -633,10 +654,11 @@ enum TALER_EXCHANGE_CheckKeysFlags
  * @return until when the existing response is current, 0 if we are re-downloading now
  */
 struct GNUNET_TIME_Timestamp
-TALER_EXCHANGE_check_keys_current (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
-                                   enum TALER_EXCHANGE_CheckKeysFlags flags,
-                                   TALER_EXCHANGE_CertificationCallback cb,
-                                   void *cb_cls);
+TALER_EXCHANGE_check_keys_current (
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
+  enum TALER_EXCHANGE_CheckKeysFlags flags,
+  TALER_EXCHANGE_CertificationCallback cb,
+  void *cb_cls);
 
 
 /**
@@ -650,6 +672,16 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_get_keys_raw (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange);
 
 
 /**
+ * Obtain the keys from the exchange in the raw JSON format.
+ *
+ * @param keys the keys structure
+ * @return the keys in raw JSON
+ */
+json_t *
+TALER_EXCHANGE_keys_to_json (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys);
+
+
+/**
  * Test if the given @a pub is a the current signing key from the exchange
  * according to @a keys.
  *
@@ -1035,9 +1067,10 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_WireHandle;
  * @return a handle for this request
  */
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_WireHandle *
-TALER_EXCHANGE_wire (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
-                     TALER_EXCHANGE_WireCallback wire_cb,
-                     void *wire_cb_cls);
+TALER_EXCHANGE_wire (
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
+  TALER_EXCHANGE_WireCallback wire_cb,
+  void *wire_cb_cls);
 
 
 /**
@@ -1152,135 +1185,6 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_DepositContractDetail
 
 
 /**
- * @brief A Deposit Handle
- */
-struct TALER_EXCHANGE_DepositHandle;
-
-
-/**
- * Structure with information about a deposit
- * operation's result.
- */
-struct TALER_EXCHANGE_DepositResult
-{
-  /**
-   * HTTP response data
-   */
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_HttpResponse hr;
-
-  union
-  {
-
-    /**
-     * Information returned if the HTTP status is
-     * #MHD_HTTP_OK.
-     */
-    struct
-    {
-      /**
-       * Time when the exchange generated the deposit confirmation
-       */
-      struct GNUNET_TIME_Timestamp deposit_timestamp;
-
-      /**
-       * signature provided by the exchange
-       */
-      const struct TALER_ExchangeSignatureP *exchange_sig;
-
-      /**
-       * exchange key used to sign @a exchange_sig.
-       */
-      const struct TALER_ExchangePublicKeyP *exchange_pub;
-
-      /**
-       * Base URL for looking up wire transfers, or
-       * NULL to use the default base URL.
-       */
-      const char *transaction_base_url;
-
-    } ok;
-
-    /**
-     * Information returned if the HTTP status is
-     * #MHD_HTTP_CONFLICT.
-     */
-    struct
-    {
-      /* TODO: returning full details is not implemented */
-    } conflict;
-
-  } details;
-};
-
-
-/**
- * Callbacks of this type are used to serve the result of submitting a
- * deposit permission request to a exchange.
- *
- * @param cls closure
- * @param dr deposit response details
- */
-typedef void
-(*TALER_EXCHANGE_DepositResultCallback) (
-  void *cls,
-  const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_DepositResult *dr);
-
-
-/**
- * Submit a deposit permission to the exchange and get the exchange's
- * response.  This API is typically used by a merchant.  Note that
- * while we return the response verbatim to the caller for further
- * processing, we do already verify that the response is well-formed
- * (i.e. that signatures included in the response are all valid).  If
- * the exchange's reply is not well-formed, we return an HTTP status code
- * of zero to @a cb.
- *
- * We also verify that the @a cdd.coin_sig is valid for this deposit
- * request, and that the @a cdd.ub_sig is a valid signature for @a
- * coin_pub.  Also, the @a exchange must be ready to operate (i.e.  have
- * finished processing the /keys reply).  If either check fails, we do
- * NOT initiate the transaction with the exchange and instead return NULL.
- *
- * @param exchange the exchange handle; the exchange must be ready to operate
- * @param dcd details about the contract the deposit is for
- * @param cdd details about the coin to be deposited
- * @param cb the callback to call when a reply for this request is available
- * @param cb_cls closure for the above callback
- * @param[out] ec if NULL is returned, set to the error code explaining why the operation failed
- * @return a handle for this request; NULL if the inputs are invalid (i.e.
- *         signatures fail to verify).  In this case, the callback is not called.
- */
-struct TALER_EXCHANGE_DepositHandle *
-TALER_EXCHANGE_deposit (
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
-  const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_DepositContractDetail *dcd,
-  const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_CoinDepositDetail *cdd,
-  TALER_EXCHANGE_DepositResultCallback cb,
-  void *cb_cls,
-  enum TALER_ErrorCode *ec);
-
-
-/**
- * Change the chance that our deposit confirmation will be given to the
- * auditor to 100%.
- *
- * @param deposit the deposit permission request handle
- */
-void
-TALER_EXCHANGE_deposit_force_dc (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_DepositHandle *deposit);
-
-
-/**
- * Cancel a deposit permission request.  This function cannot be used
- * on a request handle if a response is already served for it.
- *
- * @param deposit the deposit permission request handle
- */
-void
-TALER_EXCHANGE_deposit_cancel (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_DepositHandle *deposit);
-
-
-/**
  * @brief A Batch Deposit Handle
  */
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_BatchDepositHandle;
@@ -1374,7 +1278,9 @@ typedef void
  * finished processing the /keys reply).  If either check fails, we do
  * NOT initiate the transaction with the exchange and instead return NULL.
  *
- * @param exchange the exchange handle; the exchange must be ready to operate
+ * @param ctx curl context
+ * @param url exchange base URL
+ * @param keys exchange keys
  * @param dcd details about the contract the deposit is for
  * @param num_cdds length of the @a cdds array
  * @param cdds array with details about the coins to be deposited
@@ -1386,7 +1292,9 @@ typedef void
  */
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_BatchDepositHandle *
 TALER_EXCHANGE_batch_deposit (
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys,
   const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_DepositContractDetail *dcd,
   unsigned int num_cdds,
   const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_CoinDepositDetail *cdds,
@@ -1482,7 +1390,9 @@ typedef void
  * finished processing the /keys reply).  If this check fails, we do
  * NOT initiate the transaction with the exchange and instead return NULL.
  *
- * @param exchange the exchange handle; the exchange must be ready to operate
+ * @param ctx curl context
+ * @param url exchange base URL
+ * @param keys exchange keys
  * @param amount the amount to be refunded; must be larger than the refund fee
  *        (as that fee is still being subtracted), and smaller than the amount
  *        (with deposit fee) of the original deposit contribution of this coin
@@ -1500,7 +1410,9 @@ typedef void
  */
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_RefundHandle *
 TALER_EXCHANGE_refund (
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys,
   const struct TALER_Amount *amount,
   const struct TALER_PrivateContractHashP *h_contract_terms,
   const struct TALER_CoinSpendPublicKeyP *coin_pub,
@@ -1609,7 +1521,8 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_NonceKey
 /**
  * Get a set of CS R values using a /csr-melt request.
  *
- * @param exchange the exchange handle; the exchange must be ready to operate
+ * @param ctx curl context
+ * @param url exchange base URL
  * @param rms master key used for the derivation of the CS values
  * @param nks_len length of the @a nks array
  * @param nks array of denominations and nonces
@@ -1620,12 +1533,14 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_NonceKey
  *         In this case, the callback is not called.
  */
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_CsRMeltHandle *
-TALER_EXCHANGE_csr_melt (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
-                         const struct TALER_RefreshMasterSecretP *rms,
-                         unsigned int nks_len,
-                         struct TALER_EXCHANGE_NonceKey *nks,
-                         TALER_EXCHANGE_CsRMeltCallback res_cb,
-                         void *res_cb_cls);
+TALER_EXCHANGE_csr_melt (
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
+  const struct TALER_RefreshMasterSecretP *rms,
+  unsigned int nks_len,
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_NonceKey *nks,
+  TALER_EXCHANGE_CsRMeltCallback res_cb,
+  void *res_cb_cls);
 
 
 /**
@@ -1713,11 +1628,12 @@ typedef void
  *         In this case, the callback is not called.
  */
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_CsRWithdrawHandle *
-TALER_EXCHANGE_csr_withdraw (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
-                             const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_DenomPublicKey *pk,
-                             const struct TALER_CsNonce *nonce,
-                             TALER_EXCHANGE_CsRWithdrawCallback res_cb,
-                             void *res_cb_cls);
+TALER_EXCHANGE_csr_withdraw (
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
+  const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_DenomPublicKey *pk,
+  const struct TALER_CsNonce *nonce,
+  TALER_EXCHANGE_CsRWithdrawCallback res_cb,
+  void *res_cb_cls);
 
 
 /**
@@ -2127,7 +2043,8 @@ typedef void
  * reply is not well-formed, we return an HTTP status code of zero to
  * @a cb.
  *
- * @param exchange the exchange handle; the exchange must be ready to operate
+ * @param ctx curl context
+ * @param url exchange base URL
  * @param reserve_pub public key of the reserve to inspect
  * @param timeout how long to wait for an affirmative reply
  *        (enables long polling if the reserve does not yet exist)
@@ -2138,7 +2055,8 @@ typedef void
  */
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesGetHandle *
 TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_get (
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
   const struct TALER_ReservePublicKeyP *reserve_pub,
   struct GNUNET_TIME_Relative timeout,
   TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesGetCallback cb,
@@ -2235,7 +2153,9 @@ typedef void
 /**
  * Submit a request to obtain the reserve status.
  *
- * @param exchange the exchange handle; the exchange must be ready to operate
+ * @param ctx curl context
+ * @param url exchange base URL
+ * @param keys exchange keys
  * @param reserve_priv private key of the reserve to inspect
  * @param cb the callback to call when a reply for this request is available
  * @param cb_cls closure for the above callback
@@ -2244,7 +2164,9 @@ typedef void
  */
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesStatusHandle *
 TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_status (
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys,
   const struct TALER_ReservePrivateKeyP *reserve_priv,
   TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesStatusCallback cb,
   void *cb_cls);
@@ -2353,7 +2275,9 @@ typedef void
 /**
  * Submit a request to obtain the reserve history.
  *
- * @param exchange the exchange handle; the exchange must be ready to operate
+ * @param ctx curl context
+ * @param url exchange base URL
+ * @param keys exchange keys
  * @param reserve_priv private key of the reserve to inspect
  * @param cb the callback to call when a reply for this request is available
  * @param cb_cls closure for the above callback
@@ -2362,7 +2286,9 @@ typedef void
  */
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesHistoryHandle *
 TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_history (
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys,
   const struct TALER_ReservePrivateKeyP *reserve_priv,
   TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesHistoryCallback cb,
   void *cb_cls);
@@ -2752,11 +2678,12 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Withdraw2Handle;
  *         In this case, the callback is not called.
  */
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Withdraw2Handle *
-TALER_EXCHANGE_withdraw2 (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
-                          const struct TALER_PlanchetDetail *pd,
-                          const struct TALER_ReservePrivateKeyP *reserve_priv,
-                          TALER_EXCHANGE_Withdraw2Callback res_cb,
-                          void *res_cb_cls);
+TALER_EXCHANGE_withdraw2 (
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
+  const struct TALER_PlanchetDetail *pd,
+  const struct TALER_ReservePrivateKeyP *reserve_priv,
+  TALER_EXCHANGE_Withdraw2Callback res_cb,
+  void *res_cb_cls);
 
 
 /**
@@ -3014,7 +2941,9 @@ typedef void
  * argument @a rd should be committed to persistent storage
  * prior to calling this function.
  *
- * @param exchange the exchange handle; the exchange must be ready to operate
+ * @param ctx curl context
+ * @param url exchange base URL
+ * @param keys exchange keys
  * @param rms the fresh secret that defines the refresh operation
  * @param rd the refresh data specifying the characteristics of the operation
  * @param melt_cb the callback to call with the result
@@ -3023,11 +2952,14 @@ typedef void
  *         In this case, neither callback will be called.
  */
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_MeltHandle *
-TALER_EXCHANGE_melt (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
-                     const struct TALER_RefreshMasterSecretP *rms,
-                     const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_RefreshData *rd,
-                     TALER_EXCHANGE_MeltCallback melt_cb,
-                     void *melt_cb_cls);
+TALER_EXCHANGE_melt (
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys,
+  const struct TALER_RefreshMasterSecretP *rms,
+  const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_RefreshData *rd,
+  TALER_EXCHANGE_MeltCallback melt_cb,
+  void *melt_cb_cls);
 
 
 /**
@@ -3147,7 +3079,9 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_RefreshesRevealHandle;
  * arguments should have been committed to persistent storage
  * prior to calling this function.
  *
- * @param exchange the exchange handle; the exchange must be ready to operate
+ * @param ctx curl context
+ * @param url exchange base URL
+ * @param keys exchange keys
  * @param rms the fresh secret that defines the refresh operation
  * @param rd the refresh data that characterizes the refresh operation
  * @param num_coins number of fresh coins to be created, length of the @a exchange_vals array, must match value in @a rd
@@ -3162,7 +3096,8 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_RefreshesRevealHandle;
  */
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_RefreshesRevealHandle *
 TALER_EXCHANGE_refreshes_reveal (
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
   const struct TALER_RefreshMasterSecretP *rms,
   const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_RefreshData *rd,
   unsigned int num_coins,
@@ -3284,7 +3219,8 @@ typedef void
  * This API is typically not used by anyone, it is more a threat against those
  * trying to receive a funds transfer by abusing the refresh protocol.
  *
- * @param exchange the exchange handle; the exchange must be ready to operate
+ * @param ctx CURL context
+ * @param url exchange base URL
  * @param coin_priv private key to request link data for
  * @param age_commitment_proof age commitment to the corresponding coin, might be NULL
  * @param link_cb the callback to call with the useful result of the
@@ -3294,7 +3230,8 @@ typedef void
  */
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_LinkHandle *
 TALER_EXCHANGE_link (
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
   const struct TALER_CoinSpendPrivateKeyP *coin_priv,
   const struct TALER_AgeCommitmentProof *age_commitment_proof,
   TALER_EXCHANGE_LinkCallback link_cb,
@@ -3412,7 +3349,9 @@ typedef void
  * Query the exchange about which transactions were combined
  * to create a wire transfer.
  *
- * @param exchange exchange to query
+ * @param ctx curl context
+ * @param url exchange base URL
+ * @param keys exchange keys
  * @param wtid raw wire transfer identifier to get information about
  * @param cb callback to call
  * @param cb_cls closure for @a cb
@@ -3420,7 +3359,9 @@ typedef void
  */
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_TransfersGetHandle *
 TALER_EXCHANGE_transfers_get (
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys,
   const struct TALER_WireTransferIdentifierRawP *wtid,
   TALER_EXCHANGE_TransfersGetCallback cb,
   void *cb_cls);
@@ -3550,7 +3491,9 @@ typedef void
  * which aggregate wire transfer the deposit operation identified by @a coin_pub,
  * @a merchant_priv and @a h_contract_terms contributed to.
  *
- * @param exchange the exchange to query
+ * @param ctx curl context
+ * @param url exchange base URL
+ * @param keys exchange keys
  * @param merchant_priv the merchant's private key
  * @param h_wire hash of merchant's wire transfer details
  * @param h_contract_terms hash of the proposal data
@@ -3562,7 +3505,9 @@ typedef void
  */
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_DepositGetHandle *
 TALER_EXCHANGE_deposits_get (
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys,
   const struct TALER_MerchantPrivateKeyP *merchant_priv,
   const struct TALER_MerchantWireHashP *h_wire,
   const struct TALER_PrivateContractHashP *h_contract_terms,
@@ -3605,7 +3550,7 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_verify_coin_history (
  * Parse history given in JSON format and return it in binary
  * format.
  *
- * @param exchange connection to the exchange we can use
+ * @param keys exchange keys
  * @param history JSON array with the history
  * @param reserve_pub public key of the reserve to inspect
  * @param currency currency we expect the balance to be in
@@ -3620,7 +3565,7 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_verify_coin_history (
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 TALER_EXCHANGE_parse_reserve_history (
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys,
   const json_t *history,
   const struct TALER_ReservePublicKeyP *reserve_pub,
   const char *currency,
@@ -3702,7 +3647,9 @@ typedef void
  * the emergency recoup protocol for a given denomination.  The value
  * of the coin will be refunded to the original customer (without fees).
  *
- * @param exchange the exchange handle; the exchange must be ready to operate
+ * @param ctx curl context
+ * @param url exchange base URL
+ * @param keys exchange keys
  * @param pk kind of coin to pay back
  * @param denom_sig signature over the coin by the exchange using @a pk
  * @param exchange_vals contribution from the exchange on the withdraw
@@ -3714,13 +3661,16 @@ typedef void
  *         In this case, the callback is not called.
  */
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_RecoupHandle *
-TALER_EXCHANGE_recoup (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
-                       const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_DenomPublicKey *pk,
-                       const struct TALER_DenominationSignature *denom_sig,
-                       const struct TALER_ExchangeWithdrawValues *exchange_vals,
-                       const struct TALER_PlanchetMasterSecretP *ps,
-                       TALER_EXCHANGE_RecoupResultCallback recoup_cb,
-                       void *recoup_cb_cls);
+TALER_EXCHANGE_recoup (
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys,
+  const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_DenomPublicKey *pk,
+  const struct TALER_DenominationSignature *denom_sig,
+  const struct TALER_ExchangeWithdrawValues *exchange_vals,
+  const struct TALER_PlanchetMasterSecretP *ps,
+  TALER_EXCHANGE_RecoupResultCallback recoup_cb,
+  void *recoup_cb_cls);
 
 
 /**
@@ -3793,7 +3743,9 @@ typedef void
  * revoked coin was refreshed from. The original coin is then
  * considered a zombie.
  *
- * @param exchange the exchange handle; the exchange must be ready to operate
+ * @param ctx curl context
+ * @param url exchange base URL
+ * @param keys exchange keys
  * @param pk kind of coin to pay back
  * @param denom_sig signature over the coin by the exchange using @a pk
  * @param exchange_vals contribution from the exchange on the withdraw
@@ -3808,7 +3760,9 @@ typedef void
  */
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_RecoupRefreshHandle *
 TALER_EXCHANGE_recoup_refresh (
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys,
   const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_DenomPublicKey *pk,
   const struct TALER_DenominationSignature *denom_sig,
   const struct TALER_ExchangeWithdrawValues *exchange_vals,
@@ -4023,7 +3977,8 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_KycProofHandle;
 /**
  * Run interaction with exchange to provide proof of KYC status.
  *
- * @param eh exchange handle to use
+ * @param ctx CURL context
+ * @param url exchange base URL
  * @param h_payto hash of payto URI identifying the target account
  * @param logic name of the KYC logic to run
  * @param args additional args to pass, can be NULL
@@ -4033,12 +3988,14 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_KycProofHandle;
  * @return NULL on error
  */
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_KycProofHandle *
-TALER_EXCHANGE_kyc_proof (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *eh,
-                          const struct TALER_PaytoHashP *h_payto,
-                          const char *logic,
-                          const char *args,
-                          TALER_EXCHANGE_KycProofCallback cb,
-                          void *cb_cls);
+TALER_EXCHANGE_kyc_proof (
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
+  const struct TALER_PaytoHashP *h_payto,
+  const char *logic,
+  const char *args,
+  TALER_EXCHANGE_KycProofCallback cb,
+  void *cb_cls);
 
 
 /**
@@ -4116,7 +4073,8 @@ typedef void
  * Run interaction with exchange to find out the wallet's KYC
  * identifier.
  *
- * @param eh exchange handle to use
+ * @param ctx CURL context
+ * @param url exchange base URL
  * @param reserve_priv wallet private key to check
  * @param balance balance (or balance threshold) crossed by the wallet
  * @param cb function to call with the result
@@ -4124,11 +4082,13 @@ typedef void
  * @return NULL on error
  */
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_KycWalletHandle *
-TALER_EXCHANGE_kyc_wallet (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *eh,
-                           const struct TALER_ReservePrivateKeyP *reserve_priv,
-                           const struct TALER_Amount *balance,
-                           TALER_EXCHANGE_KycWalletCallback cb,
-                           void *cb_cls);
+TALER_EXCHANGE_kyc_wallet (
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
+  const struct TALER_ReservePrivateKeyP *reserve_priv,
+  const struct TALER_Amount *balance,
+  TALER_EXCHANGE_KycWalletCallback cb,
+  void *cb_cls);
 
 
 /**
@@ -4353,10 +4313,11 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ManagementGetKeysHandle;
  * @return the request handle; NULL upon error
  */
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ManagementGetKeysHandle *
-TALER_EXCHANGE_get_management_keys (struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
-                                    const char *url,
-                                    TALER_EXCHANGE_ManagementGetKeysCallback cb,
-                                    void *cb_cls);
+TALER_EXCHANGE_get_management_keys (
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
+  TALER_EXCHANGE_ManagementGetKeysCallback cb,
+  void *cb_cls);
 
 
 /**
@@ -5783,7 +5744,8 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ContractsGetHandle;
 /**
  * Request information about a contract from the exchange.
  *
- * @param exchange exchange handle
+ * @param ctx CURL context
+ * @param url exchange base URL
  * @param contract_priv private key of the contract
  * @param cb function to call with the exchange's result
  * @param cb_cls closure for @a cb
@@ -5791,7 +5753,8 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ContractsGetHandle;
  */
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ContractsGetHandle *
 TALER_EXCHANGE_contract_get (
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
   const struct TALER_ContractDiffiePrivateP *contract_priv,
   TALER_EXCHANGE_ContractGetCallback cb,
   void *cb_cls);
@@ -5880,7 +5843,9 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_PurseGetHandle;
 /**
  * Request information about a purse from the exchange.
  *
- * @param exchange exchange handle
+ * @param ctx curl context
+ * @param url exchange base URL
+ * @param keys exchange keys
  * @param purse_pub public key of the purse
  * @param timeout how long to wait for a change to happen
  * @param wait_for_merge true to wait for a merge event, otherwise wait for a deposit event
@@ -5890,7 +5855,9 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_PurseGetHandle;
  */
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_PurseGetHandle *
 TALER_EXCHANGE_purse_get (
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys,
   const struct TALER_PurseContractPublicKeyP *purse_pub,
   struct GNUNET_TIME_Relative timeout,
   bool wait_for_merge,
@@ -6004,7 +5971,9 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_PurseDeposit
  * Inform the exchange that a purse should be created
  * and coins deposited into it.
  *
- * @param exchange the exchange to interact with
+ * @param ctx curl context
+ * @param url exchange base URL
+ * @param keys exchange keys
  * @param purse_priv private key of the purse
  * @param merge_priv the merge credential
  * @param contract_priv key needed to obtain and decrypt the contract
@@ -6020,7 +5989,9 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_PurseDeposit
  */
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_PurseCreateDepositHandle *
 TALER_EXCHANGE_purse_create_with_deposit (
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys,
   const struct TALER_PurseContractPrivateKeyP *purse_priv,
   const struct TALER_PurseMergePrivateKeyP *merge_priv,
   const struct TALER_ContractDiffiePrivateP *contract_priv,
@@ -6077,7 +6048,8 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_PurseDeleteHandle;
  * Asks the exchange to delete a purse. Will only succeed if
  * the purse was not yet merged and did not yet time out.
  *
- * @param exchange the exchange to interact with
+ * @param ctx CURL context
+ * @param url exchange base URL
  * @param purse_priv private key of the purse
  * @param cb function to call with the exchange's result
  * @param cb_cls closure for @a cb
@@ -6085,7 +6057,8 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_PurseDeleteHandle;
  */
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_PurseDeleteHandle *
 TALER_EXCHANGE_purse_delete (
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
   const struct TALER_PurseContractPrivateKeyP *purse_priv,
   TALER_EXCHANGE_PurseDeleteCallback cb,
   void *cb_cls);
@@ -6182,7 +6155,9 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_AccountMergeHandle;
  * Inform the exchange that a purse should be merged
  * with a reserve.
  *
- * @param exchange the exchange hosting the purse
+ * @param ctx curl context
+ * @param url exchange base URL
+ * @param keys exchange keys
  * @param reserve_exchange_url base URL of the exchange with the reserve
  * @param reserve_priv private key of the reserve to merge into
  * @param purse_pub public key of the purse to merge
@@ -6198,7 +6173,9 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_AccountMergeHandle;
  */
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_AccountMergeHandle *
 TALER_EXCHANGE_account_merge (
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys,
   const char *reserve_exchange_url,
   const struct TALER_ReservePrivateKeyP *reserve_priv,
   const struct TALER_PurseContractPublicKeyP *purse_pub,
@@ -6244,7 +6221,7 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_PurseCreateMergeResponse
   union
   {
     /**
-     * Detailed returned on #MHD_HTTP_OK.
+     * Details returned on #MHD_HTTP_OK.
      */
     struct
     {
@@ -6290,7 +6267,9 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_PurseCreateMergeHandle;
  * Inform the exchange that a purse should be created
  * and merged with a reserve.
  *
- * @param exchange the exchange hosting the reserve
+ * @param ctx curl context
+ * @param url exchange base URL
+ * @param keys exchange keys
  * @param reserve_priv private key of the reserve
  * @param purse_priv private key of the purse
  * @param merge_priv private key of the merge capability
@@ -6305,7 +6284,9 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_PurseCreateMergeHandle;
  */
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_PurseCreateMergeHandle *
 TALER_EXCHANGE_purse_create_with_merge (
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys,
   const struct TALER_ReservePrivateKeyP *reserve_priv,
   const struct TALER_PurseContractPrivateKeyP *purse_priv,
   const struct TALER_PurseMergePrivateKeyP *merge_priv,
@@ -6397,7 +6378,9 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_PurseDepositHandle;
  * Inform the exchange that a deposit should be made into
  * a purse.
  *
- * @param exchange the exchange that issued the coins
+ * @param ctx curl context
+ * @param url exchange base URL
+ * @param keys exchange keys
  * @param purse_exchange_url base URL of the exchange hosting the purse
  * @param purse_pub public key of the purse to merge
  * @param min_age minimum age we need to prove for the purse
@@ -6409,7 +6392,9 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_PurseDepositHandle;
  */
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_PurseDepositHandle *
 TALER_EXCHANGE_purse_deposit (
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys,
   const char *purse_exchange_url,
   const struct TALER_PurseContractPublicKeyP *purse_pub,
   uint8_t min_age,
@@ -6533,7 +6518,9 @@ typedef void
 /**
  * Submit a request to open a reserve.
  *
- * @param exchange the exchange handle; the exchange must be ready to operate
+ * @param ctx curl context
+ * @param url exchange base URL
+ * @param keys exchange keys
  * @param reserve_priv private key of the reserve to open
  * @param reserve_contribution amount to pay from the reserve's balance for the operation
  * @param coin_payments_length length of the @a coin_payments array
@@ -6547,7 +6534,9 @@ typedef void
  */
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesOpenHandle *
 TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_open (
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys,
   const struct TALER_ReservePrivateKeyP *reserve_priv,
   const struct TALER_Amount *reserve_contribution,
   unsigned int coin_payments_length,
@@ -6635,7 +6624,8 @@ typedef void
 /**
  * Submit a request to get the list of attestable attributes for a reserve.
  *
- * @param exchange the exchange handle; the exchange must be ready to operate
+ * @param ctx CURL context
+ * @param url exchange base URL
  * @param reserve_pub public key of the reserve to get available attributes for
  * @param cb the callback to call when a reply for this request is available
  * @param cb_cls closure for the above callback
@@ -6644,7 +6634,8 @@ typedef void
  */
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesGetAttestHandle *
 TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_get_attestable (
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
   const struct TALER_ReservePublicKeyP *reserve_pub,
   TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesGetAttestCallback cb,
   void *cb_cls);
@@ -6738,7 +6729,8 @@ typedef void
 /**
  * Submit a request to attest attributes about the owner of a reserve.
  *
- * @param exchange the exchange handle; the exchange must be ready to operate
+ * @param ctx CURL context
+ * @param url exchange base URL
  * @param reserve_priv private key of the reserve to attest
  * @param attributes_length length of the @a attributes array
  * @param attributes array of names of attributes to get attestations for
@@ -6749,7 +6741,8 @@ typedef void
  */
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesAttestHandle *
 TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_attest (
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
   const struct TALER_ReservePrivateKeyP *reserve_priv,
   unsigned int attributes_length,
   const char *const*attributes,
@@ -6847,7 +6840,8 @@ typedef void
 /**
  * Submit a request to close a reserve.
  *
- * @param exchange the exchange handle; the exchange must be ready to operate
+ * @param ctx curl context
+ * @param url exchange base URL
  * @param reserve_priv private key of the reserve to close
  * @param target_payto_uri where to send the payment, NULL to send to reserve origin
  * @param cb the callback to call when a reply for this request is available
@@ -6857,7 +6851,8 @@ typedef void
  */
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesCloseHandle *
 TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_close (
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
   const struct TALER_ReservePrivateKeyP *reserve_priv,
   const char *target_payto_uri,
   TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesCloseCallback cb,
diff --git a/src/include/taler_testing_lib.h b/src/include/taler_testing_lib.h
index 28213d1d7..2ef7ef602 100644
--- a/src/include/taler_testing_lib.h
+++ b/src/include/taler_testing_lib.h
@@ -514,7 +514,7 @@ typedef void
  * Iterates over all of the top-level commands of an
  * interpreter.
  *
- * @param[in] interpreter to iterate over
+ * @param[in] is interpreter to iterate over
  * @param asc true in execution order, false for reverse execution order
  * @param cb function to call on each command
  * @param cb_cls closure for cb
@@ -2692,9 +2692,9 @@ TALER_TESTING_get_trait (const struct TALER_TESTING_Trait *traits,
   op (fresh_coins, const struct TALER_TESTING_FreshCoinData *)     \
   op (claim_token, const struct TALER_ClaimTokenP)                 \
   op (relative_time, const struct GNUNET_TIME_Relative)            \
-  op (auditor, struct TALER_AUDITOR_Handle)                        \
   op (exchange, struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle)                      \
   op (fakebank, struct TALER_FAKEBANK_Handle)                      \
+  op (keys, struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys)                            \
   op (process, struct GNUNET_OS_Process *)
 
 
@@ -2741,4 +2741,26 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *
 TALER_TESTING_get_exchange (struct TALER_TESTING_Interpreter *is);
 
 
+/**
+ * Get exchange URL from interpreter. Convenience function.
+ *
+ * @param is interpreter state.
+ * @return the exchange URL, or NULL on error
+ */
+const char *
+TALER_TESTING_get_exchange_url (
+  struct TALER_TESTING_Interpreter *is);
+
+
+/**
+ * Get exchange keys from interpreter. Convenience function.
+ *
+ * @param is interpreter state.
+ * @return the exchange keys, or NULL on error
+ */
+struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *
+TALER_TESTING_get_keys (
+  struct TALER_TESTING_Interpreter *is);
+
+
 #endif
diff --git a/src/lib/Makefile.am b/src/lib/Makefile.am
index 529a2d019..53190bc5b 100644
--- a/src/lib/Makefile.am
+++ b/src/lib/Makefile.am
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ libtalerexchange_la_SOURCES = \
   exchange_api_csr_melt.c \
   exchange_api_csr_withdraw.c \
   exchange_api_handle.c exchange_api_handle.h \
-  exchange_api_deposit.c \
   exchange_api_deposits_get.c \
   exchange_api_kyc_check.c \
   exchange_api_kyc_proof.c \
@@ -96,7 +95,7 @@ libtalerauditor_la_LDFLAGS = \
   -no-undefined
 libtalerauditor_la_SOURCES = \
   auditor_api_curl_defaults.c auditor_api_curl_defaults.h \
-  auditor_api_handle.c auditor_api_handle.h \
+  auditor_api_get_config.c \
   auditor_api_deposit_confirmation.c \
   auditor_api_exchanges.c
 libtalerauditor_la_LIBADD = \
diff --git a/src/lib/auditor_api_deposit_confirmation.c b/src/lib/auditor_api_deposit_confirmation.c
index 55a05d962..0b0f4dd4d 100644
--- a/src/lib/auditor_api_deposit_confirmation.c
+++ b/src/lib/auditor_api_deposit_confirmation.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
   This file is part of TALER
-  Copyright (C) 2014-2021 Taler Systems SA
+  Copyright (C) 2014-2023 Taler Systems SA
 
   TALER is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
   terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
@@ -25,9 +25,10 @@
 #include <gnunet/gnunet_util_lib.h>
 #include <gnunet/gnunet_json_lib.h>
 #include <gnunet/gnunet_curl_lib.h>
+#include "taler_util.h"
+#include "taler_curl_lib.h"
 #include "taler_json_lib.h"
 #include "taler_auditor_service.h"
-#include "auditor_api_handle.h"
 #include "taler_signatures.h"
 #include "auditor_api_curl_defaults.h"
 
@@ -39,11 +40,6 @@ struct TALER_AUDITOR_DepositConfirmationHandle
 {
 
   /**
-   * The connection to auditor this request handle will use
-   */
-  struct TALER_AUDITOR_Handle *auditor;
-
-  /**
    * The url for this request.
    */
   char *url;
@@ -87,64 +83,64 @@ handle_deposit_confirmation_finished (void *cls,
 {
   const json_t *json = djson;
   struct TALER_AUDITOR_DepositConfirmationHandle *dh = cls;
-  struct TALER_AUDITOR_HttpResponse hr = {
-    .reply = json,
-    .http_status = (unsigned int) response_code
+  struct TALER_AUDITOR_DepositConfirmationResponse dcr = {
+    .hr.reply = json,
+    .hr.http_status = (unsigned int) response_code
   };
 
   dh->job = NULL;
   switch (response_code)
   {
   case 0:
-    hr.ec = TALER_EC_GENERIC_INVALID_RESPONSE;
+    dcr.hr.ec = TALER_EC_GENERIC_INVALID_RESPONSE;
     break;
   case MHD_HTTP_OK:
-    hr.ec = TALER_EC_NONE;
+    dcr.hr.ec = TALER_EC_NONE;
     break;
   case MHD_HTTP_BAD_REQUEST:
-    hr.ec = TALER_JSON_get_error_code (json);
-    hr.hint = TALER_JSON_get_error_hint (json);
+    dcr.hr.ec = TALER_JSON_get_error_code (json);
+    dcr.hr.hint = TALER_JSON_get_error_hint (json);
     /* This should never happen, either us or the auditor is buggy
        (or API version conflict); just pass JSON reply to the application */
     break;
   case MHD_HTTP_FORBIDDEN:
-    hr.ec = TALER_JSON_get_error_code (json);
-    hr.hint = TALER_JSON_get_error_hint (json);
+    dcr.hr.ec = TALER_JSON_get_error_code (json);
+    dcr.hr.hint = TALER_JSON_get_error_hint (json);
     /* Nothing really to verify, auditor says one of the signatures is
        invalid; as we checked them, this should never happen, we
        should pass the JSON reply to the application */
     break;
   case MHD_HTTP_NOT_FOUND:
-    hr.ec = TALER_JSON_get_error_code (json);
-    hr.hint = TALER_JSON_get_error_hint (json);
+    dcr.hr.ec = TALER_JSON_get_error_code (json);
+    dcr.hr.hint = TALER_JSON_get_error_hint (json);
     /* Nothing really to verify, this should never
        happen, we should pass the JSON reply to the application */
     break;
   case MHD_HTTP_GONE:
-    hr.ec = TALER_JSON_get_error_code (json);
-    hr.hint = TALER_JSON_get_error_hint (json);
+    dcr.hr.ec = TALER_JSON_get_error_code (json);
+    dcr.hr.hint = TALER_JSON_get_error_hint (json);
     /* Nothing really to verify, auditor says one of the signatures is
        invalid; as we checked them, this should never happen, we
        should pass the JSON reply to the application */
     break;
   case MHD_HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR:
-    hr.ec = TALER_JSON_get_error_code (json);
-    hr.hint = TALER_JSON_get_error_hint (json);
+    dcr.hr.ec = TALER_JSON_get_error_code (json);
+    dcr.hr.hint = TALER_JSON_get_error_hint (json);
     /* Server had an internal issue; we should retry, but this API
        leaves this to the application */
     break;
   default:
     /* unexpected response code */
-    hr.ec = TALER_JSON_get_error_code (json);
-    hr.hint = TALER_JSON_get_error_hint (json);
+    dcr.hr.ec = TALER_JSON_get_error_code (json);
+    dcr.hr.hint = TALER_JSON_get_error_hint (json);
     GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR,
                 "Unexpected response code %u/%d for auditor deposit confirmation\n",
                 (unsigned int) response_code,
-                hr.ec);
+                dcr.hr.ec);
     break;
   }
   dh->cb (dh->cb_cls,
-          &hr);
+          &dcr);
   TALER_AUDITOR_deposit_confirmation_cancel (dh);
 }
 
@@ -237,7 +233,8 @@ verify_signatures (const struct TALER_MerchantWireHashP *h_wire,
 
 struct TALER_AUDITOR_DepositConfirmationHandle *
 TALER_AUDITOR_deposit_confirmation (
-  struct TALER_AUDITOR_Handle *auditor,
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
   const struct TALER_MerchantWireHashP *h_wire,
   const struct TALER_ExtensionPolicyHashP *h_policy,
   const struct TALER_PrivateContractHashP *h_contract_terms,
@@ -258,12 +255,9 @@ TALER_AUDITOR_deposit_confirmation (
   void *cb_cls)
 {
   struct TALER_AUDITOR_DepositConfirmationHandle *dh;
-  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx;
   json_t *deposit_confirmation_obj;
   CURL *eh;
 
-  GNUNET_assert (GNUNET_YES ==
-                 TALER_AUDITOR_handle_is_ready_ (auditor));
   if (GNUNET_OK !=
       verify_signatures (h_wire,
                          h_policy,
@@ -322,18 +316,17 @@ TALER_AUDITOR_deposit_confirmation (
         GNUNET_JSON_pack_data_auto ("exchange_pub",
                                     exchange_pub));
   dh = GNUNET_new (struct TALER_AUDITOR_DepositConfirmationHandle);
-  dh->auditor = auditor;
   dh->cb = cb;
   dh->cb_cls = cb_cls;
-  dh->url = TALER_AUDITOR_path_to_url_ (auditor,
-                                        "/deposit-confirmation");
+  dh->url = TALER_url_join (url,
+                            "deposit-confirmation",
+                            NULL);
   if (NULL == dh->url)
   {
     GNUNET_free (dh);
     return NULL;
   }
   eh = TALER_AUDITOR_curl_easy_get_ (dh->url);
-
   if ( (NULL == eh) ||
        (CURLE_OK !=
         curl_easy_setopt (eh,
@@ -356,7 +349,6 @@ TALER_AUDITOR_deposit_confirmation (
   GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
               "URL for deposit-confirmation: `%s'\n",
               dh->url);
-  ctx = TALER_AUDITOR_handle_to_context_ (auditor);
   dh->job = GNUNET_CURL_job_add2 (ctx,
                                   eh,
                                   dh->ctx.headers,
diff --git a/src/lib/auditor_api_exchanges.c b/src/lib/auditor_api_exchanges.c
index 7327f11b2..897dfe60f 100644
--- a/src/lib/auditor_api_exchanges.c
+++ b/src/lib/auditor_api_exchanges.c
@@ -27,7 +27,8 @@
 #include <gnunet/gnunet_curl_lib.h>
 #include "taler_json_lib.h"
 #include "taler_auditor_service.h"
-#include "auditor_api_handle.h"
+#include "taler_util.h"
+#include "taler_curl_lib.h"
 #include "taler_signatures.h"
 #include "auditor_api_curl_defaults.h"
 
@@ -45,11 +46,6 @@ struct TALER_AUDITOR_ListExchangesHandle
 {
 
   /**
-   * The connection to auditor this request handle will use
-   */
-  struct TALER_AUDITOR_Handle *auditor;
-
-  /**
    * The url for this request.
    */
   char *url;
@@ -89,16 +85,16 @@ handle_exchanges_finished (void *cls,
   const json_t *ja;
   unsigned int ja_len;
   struct TALER_AUDITOR_ListExchangesHandle *leh = cls;
-  struct TALER_AUDITOR_HttpResponse hr = {
-    .reply = json,
-    .http_status = (unsigned int) response_code
+  struct TALER_AUDITOR_ListExchangesResponse ler = {
+    .hr.reply = json,
+    .hr.http_status = (unsigned int) response_code
   };
 
   leh->job = NULL;
   switch (response_code)
   {
   case 0:
-    hr.ec = TALER_EC_GENERIC_INVALID_RESPONSE;
+    ler.hr.ec = TALER_EC_GENERIC_INVALID_RESPONSE;
     break;
   case MHD_HTTP_OK:
     ja = json_object_get (json,
@@ -107,8 +103,8 @@ handle_exchanges_finished (void *cls,
          (! json_is_array (ja)) )
     {
       GNUNET_break (0);
-      hr.ec = TALER_EC_GENERIC_REPLY_MALFORMED;
-      hr.http_status = 0;
+      ler.hr.ec = TALER_EC_GENERIC_REPLY_MALFORMED;
+      ler.hr.http_status = 0;
       break;
     }
 
@@ -116,20 +112,21 @@ handle_exchanges_finished (void *cls,
     if (ja_len > MAX_EXCHANGES)
     {
       GNUNET_break (0);
-      hr.ec = TALER_EC_GENERIC_REPLY_MALFORMED;
-      hr.http_status = 0;
+      ler.hr.ec = TALER_EC_GENERIC_REPLY_MALFORMED;
+      ler.hr.http_status = 0;
       break;
     }
     {
-      struct TALER_AUDITOR_ExchangeInfo ei[ja_len];
-      bool ok;
+      struct TALER_AUDITOR_ExchangeInfo ei[GNUNET_NZL (ja_len)];
+      bool ok = true;
 
-      ok = true;
       for (unsigned int i = 0; i<ja_len; i++)
       {
         struct GNUNET_JSON_Specification spec[] = {
-          GNUNET_JSON_spec_fixed_auto ("master_pub", &ei[i].master_pub),
-          GNUNET_JSON_spec_string ("exchange_url", &ei[i].exchange_url),
+          GNUNET_JSON_spec_fixed_auto ("master_pub",
+                                       &ei[i].master_pub),
+          GNUNET_JSON_spec_string ("exchange_url",
+                                   &ei[i].exchange_url),
           GNUNET_JSON_spec_end ()
         };
 
@@ -141,76 +138,71 @@ handle_exchanges_finished (void *cls,
         {
           GNUNET_break_op (0);
           ok = false;
-          hr.ec = TALER_EC_GENERIC_REPLY_MALFORMED;
-          hr.http_status = 0;
+          ler.hr.ec = TALER_EC_GENERIC_REPLY_MALFORMED;
+          ler.hr.http_status = 0;
           break;
         }
       }
       if (! ok)
         break;
+      ler.details.ok.ei = ei;
+      ler.details.ok.num_exchanges = ja_len;
       leh->cb (leh->cb_cls,
-               &hr,
-               ja_len,
-               ei);
+               &ler);
       TALER_AUDITOR_list_exchanges_cancel (leh);
       return;
     }
   case MHD_HTTP_BAD_REQUEST:
     /* This should never happen, either us or the auditor is buggy
        (or API version conflict); just pass JSON reply to the application */
-    hr.ec = TALER_JSON_get_error_code (json);
-    hr.hint = TALER_JSON_get_error_hint (json);
+    ler.hr.ec = TALER_JSON_get_error_code (json);
+    ler.hr.hint = TALER_JSON_get_error_hint (json);
     break;
   case MHD_HTTP_NOT_FOUND:
     /* Nothing really to verify, this should never
        happen, we should pass the JSON reply to the application */
-    hr.ec = TALER_JSON_get_error_code (json);
-    hr.hint = TALER_JSON_get_error_hint (json);
+    ler.hr.ec = TALER_JSON_get_error_code (json);
+    ler.hr.hint = TALER_JSON_get_error_hint (json);
     break;
   case MHD_HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR:
     /* Server had an internal issue; we should retry, but this API
        leaves this to the application */
-    hr.ec = TALER_JSON_get_error_code (json);
-    hr.hint = TALER_JSON_get_error_hint (json);
+    ler.hr.ec = TALER_JSON_get_error_code (json);
+    ler.hr.hint = TALER_JSON_get_error_hint (json);
     break;
   default:
     /* unexpected response code */
-    hr.ec = TALER_JSON_get_error_code (json);
-    hr.hint = TALER_JSON_get_error_hint (json);
+    ler.hr.ec = TALER_JSON_get_error_code (json);
+    ler.hr.hint = TALER_JSON_get_error_hint (json);
     GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR,
                 "Unexpected response code %u/%d for auditor list-exchanges request\n",
                 (unsigned int) response_code,
-                (int) hr.ec);
+                (int) ler.hr.ec);
     GNUNET_break_op (0);
     break;
   }
   if (NULL != leh->cb)
     leh->cb (leh->cb_cls,
-             &hr,
-             0,
-             NULL);
+             &ler);
   TALER_AUDITOR_list_exchanges_cancel (leh);
 }
 
 
 struct TALER_AUDITOR_ListExchangesHandle *
-TALER_AUDITOR_list_exchanges (struct TALER_AUDITOR_Handle *auditor,
+TALER_AUDITOR_list_exchanges (struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+                              const char *url,
                               TALER_AUDITOR_ListExchangesResultCallback cb,
                               void *cb_cls)
 {
   struct TALER_AUDITOR_ListExchangesHandle *leh;
-  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx;
   CURL *eh;
 
-  GNUNET_assert (GNUNET_YES ==
-                 TALER_AUDITOR_handle_is_ready_ (auditor));
-
   leh = GNUNET_new (struct TALER_AUDITOR_ListExchangesHandle);
-  leh->auditor = auditor;
   leh->cb = cb;
   leh->cb_cls = cb_cls;
-  leh->url = TALER_AUDITOR_path_to_url_ (auditor,
-                                         "/exchanges");
+  leh->url = TALER_url_join (url,
+                             "exchanges",
+                             NULL);
   if (NULL == leh->url)
   {
     GNUNET_free (leh);
@@ -227,7 +219,6 @@ TALER_AUDITOR_list_exchanges (struct TALER_AUDITOR_Handle *auditor,
     GNUNET_free (leh);
     return NULL;
   }
-  ctx = TALER_AUDITOR_handle_to_context_ (auditor);
   leh->job = GNUNET_CURL_job_add (ctx,
                                   eh,
                                   &handle_exchanges_finished,
diff --git a/src/lib/auditor_api_get_config.c b/src/lib/auditor_api_get_config.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ede702a0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/auditor_api_get_config.c
@@ -0,0 +1,288 @@
+/*
+  This file is part of TALER
+  Copyright (C) 2014-2023 Taler Systems SA
+
+  TALER is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+  terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
+  Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+  TALER is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+  WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
+  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
+  TALER; see the file COPYING.  If not, see
+  <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>
+*/
+/**
+ * @file lib/auditor_api_get_config.c
+ * @brief Implementation of /config for the auditor's HTTP API
+ * @author Sree Harsha Totakura <sreeharsha@totakura.in>
+ * @author Christian Grothoff
+ */
+#include "platform.h"
+#include <microhttpd.h>
+#include <gnunet/gnunet_curl_lib.h>
+#include "taler_json_lib.h"
+#include "taler_auditor_service.h"
+#include "taler_signatures.h"
+#include "auditor_api_curl_defaults.h"
+
+
+/**
+ * Which revision of the Taler auditor protocol is implemented
+ * by this library?  Used to determine compatibility.
+ */
+#define TALER_PROTOCOL_CURRENT 0
+
+/**
+ * How many revisions back are we compatible to?
+ */
+#define TALER_PROTOCOL_AGE 0
+
+
+/**
+ * Log error related to CURL operations.
+ *
+ * @param type log level
+ * @param function which function failed to run
+ * @param code what was the curl error code
+ */
+#define CURL_STRERROR(type, function, code)      \
+  GNUNET_log (type, "Curl function `%s' has failed at `%s:%d' with error: %s", \
+              function, __FILE__, __LINE__, curl_easy_strerror (code));
+
+
+/**
+ * Handle for the get config request.
+ */
+struct TALER_AUDITOR_GetConfigHandle
+{
+  /**
+   * The context of this handle
+   */
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx;
+
+  /**
+   * Function to call with the auditor's certification data,
+   * NULL if this has already been done.
+   */
+  TALER_AUDITOR_ConfigCallback config_cb;
+
+  /**
+   * Closure to pass to @e config_cb.
+   */
+  void *config_cb_cls;
+
+  /**
+   * Data for the request to get the /config of a auditor,
+   * NULL once we are past stage #MHS_INIT.
+   */
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Job *vr;
+
+  /**
+   * The url for the @e vr job.
+   */
+  char *vr_url;
+
+};
+
+
+/* ***************** Internal /config fetching ************* */
+
+/**
+ * Decode the JSON in @a resp_obj from the /config response and store the data
+ * in the @a key_data.
+ *
+ * @param[in] resp_obj JSON object to parse
+ * @param[in,out] auditor where to store the results we decoded
+ * @param[out] vc where to store config compatibility data
+ * @return #TALER_EC_NONE on success
+ */
+static enum TALER_ErrorCode
+decode_config_json (const json_t *resp_obj,
+                    struct TALER_AUDITOR_ConfigInformation *vi,
+                    enum TALER_AUDITOR_VersionCompatibility *vc)
+{
+  unsigned int age;
+  unsigned int revision;
+  unsigned int current;
+  char dummy;
+  const char *ver;
+  struct GNUNET_JSON_Specification spec[] = {
+    GNUNET_JSON_spec_string ("version",
+                             &ver),
+    GNUNET_JSON_spec_fixed_auto ("auditor_public_key",
+                                 &vi->auditor_pub),
+    GNUNET_JSON_spec_end ()
+  };
+
+  if (JSON_OBJECT != json_typeof (resp_obj))
+  {
+    GNUNET_break_op (0);
+    return TALER_EC_GENERIC_JSON_INVALID;
+  }
+  /* check the config */
+  if (GNUNET_OK !=
+      GNUNET_JSON_parse (resp_obj,
+                         spec,
+                         NULL, NULL))
+  {
+    GNUNET_break_op (0);
+    return TALER_EC_GENERIC_JSON_INVALID;
+  }
+  if (3 != sscanf (ver,
+                   "%u:%u:%u%c",
+                   &current,
+                   &revision,
+                   &age,
+                   &dummy))
+  {
+    GNUNET_break_op (0);
+    return TALER_EC_GENERIC_VERSION_MALFORMED;
+  }
+  vi->version = ver;
+  *vc = TALER_AUDITOR_VC_MATCH;
+  if (TALER_PROTOCOL_CURRENT < current)
+  {
+    *vc |= TALER_AUDITOR_VC_NEWER;
+    if (TALER_PROTOCOL_CURRENT < current - age)
+      *vc |= TALER_AUDITOR_VC_INCOMPATIBLE;
+  }
+  if (TALER_PROTOCOL_CURRENT > current)
+  {
+    *vc |= TALER_AUDITOR_VC_OLDER;
+    if (TALER_PROTOCOL_CURRENT - TALER_PROTOCOL_AGE > current)
+      *vc |= TALER_AUDITOR_VC_INCOMPATIBLE;
+  }
+  return TALER_EC_NONE;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Callback used when downloading the reply to a /config request
+ * is complete.
+ *
+ * @param cls the `struct TALER_AUDITOR_GetConfigHandle`
+ * @param response_code HTTP response code, 0 on error
+ * @param gresp_obj parsed JSON result, NULL on error, must be a `const json_t *`
+ */
+static void
+config_completed_cb (void *cls,
+                     long response_code,
+                     const void *gresp_obj)
+{
+  struct TALER_AUDITOR_GetConfigHandle *auditor = cls;
+  const json_t *resp_obj = gresp_obj;
+  struct TALER_AUDITOR_ConfigResponse vr = {
+    .hr.reply = resp_obj,
+    .hr.http_status = (unsigned int) response_code
+  };
+
+  auditor->vr = NULL;
+  GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
+              "Received config from URL `%s' with status %ld.\n",
+              auditor->vr_url,
+              response_code);
+  switch (response_code)
+  {
+  case 0:
+    GNUNET_break_op (0);
+    vr.hr.ec = TALER_EC_INVALID;
+    break;
+  case MHD_HTTP_OK:
+    if (NULL == resp_obj)
+    {
+      GNUNET_break_op (0);
+      vr.hr.http_status = 0;
+      vr.hr.ec = TALER_EC_GENERIC_INVALID_RESPONSE;
+      break;
+    }
+    vr.hr.ec = decode_config_json (resp_obj,
+                                   &vr.details.ok.vi,
+                                   &vr.details.ok.compat);
+    if (TALER_EC_NONE != vr.hr.ec)
+    {
+      GNUNET_break_op (0);
+      vr.hr.http_status = 0;
+      break;
+    }
+    break;
+  case MHD_HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR:
+    vr.hr.ec = TALER_JSON_get_error_code (resp_obj);
+    vr.hr.hint = TALER_JSON_get_error_hint (resp_obj);
+    break;
+  default:
+    vr.hr.ec = TALER_JSON_get_error_code (resp_obj);
+    vr.hr.hint = TALER_JSON_get_error_hint (resp_obj);
+    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR,
+                "Unexpected response code %u/%d\n",
+                (unsigned int) response_code,
+                (int) vr.hr.ec);
+    break;
+  }
+  auditor->config_cb (auditor->config_cb_cls,
+                      &vr);
+  TALER_AUDITOR_get_config_cancel (auditor);
+}
+
+
+struct TALER_AUDITOR_GetConfigHandle *
+TALER_AUDITOR_get_config (struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+                          const char *url,
+                          TALER_AUDITOR_ConfigCallback config_cb,
+                          void *config_cb_cls)
+{
+  struct TALER_AUDITOR_GetConfigHandle *auditor;
+  CURL *eh;
+
+  auditor = GNUNET_new (struct TALER_AUDITOR_GetConfigHandle);
+  auditor->config_cb = config_cb;
+  auditor->config_cb_cls = config_cb_cls;
+  auditor->ctx = ctx;
+  auditor->vr_url = TALER_url_join (url,
+                                    "config",
+                                    NULL);
+  if (NULL == auditor->vr_url)
+  {
+    GNUNET_break (0);
+    GNUNET_free (auditor->vr_url);
+    GNUNET_free (auditor);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_INFO,
+              "Requesting auditor config with URL `%s'.\n",
+              auditor->vr_url);
+  eh = TALER_AUDITOR_curl_easy_get_ (auditor->vr_url);
+  if (NULL == eh)
+  {
+    GNUNET_break (0);
+    TALER_AUDITOR_get_config_cancel (auditor);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  GNUNET_break (CURLE_OK ==
+                curl_easy_setopt (eh,
+                                  CURLOPT_TIMEOUT,
+                                  (long) 300));
+  auditor->vr = GNUNET_CURL_job_add (auditor->ctx,
+                                     eh,
+                                     &config_completed_cb,
+                                     auditor);
+  return auditor;
+}
+
+
+void
+TALER_AUDITOR_get_config_cancel (struct TALER_AUDITOR_GetConfigHandle *auditor)
+{
+  if (NULL != auditor->vr)
+  {
+    GNUNET_CURL_job_cancel (auditor->vr);
+    auditor->vr = NULL;
+  }
+  GNUNET_free (auditor->vr_url);
+  GNUNET_free (auditor);
+}
+
+
+/* end of auditor_api_get_config.c */
diff --git a/src/lib/auditor_api_handle.c b/src/lib/auditor_api_handle.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 14869de43..000000000
--- a/src/lib/auditor_api_handle.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,449 +0,0 @@
-/*
-  This file is part of TALER
-  Copyright (C) 2014-2022 Taler Systems SA
-
-  TALER is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
-  terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
-  Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later version.
-
-  TALER is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
-  WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
-  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.
-
-  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
-  TALER; see the file COPYING.  If not, see
-  <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>
-*/
-/**
- * @file lib/auditor_api_handle.c
- * @brief Implementation of the "handle" component of the auditor's HTTP API
- * @author Sree Harsha Totakura <sreeharsha@totakura.in>
- * @author Christian Grothoff
- */
-#include "platform.h"
-#include <microhttpd.h>
-#include <gnunet/gnunet_curl_lib.h>
-#include "taler_json_lib.h"
-#include "taler_auditor_service.h"
-#include "taler_signatures.h"
-#include "auditor_api_handle.h"
-#include "auditor_api_curl_defaults.h"
-#include "backoff.h"
-
-/**
- * Which revision of the Taler auditor protocol is implemented
- * by this library?  Used to determine compatibility.
- */
-#define TALER_PROTOCOL_CURRENT 0
-
-/**
- * How many revisions back are we compatible to?
- */
-#define TALER_PROTOCOL_AGE 0
-
-
-/**
- * Log error related to CURL operations.
- *
- * @param type log level
- * @param function which function failed to run
- * @param code what was the curl error code
- */
-#define CURL_STRERROR(type, function, code)      \
-  GNUNET_log (type, "Curl function `%s' has failed at `%s:%d' with error: %s", \
-              function, __FILE__, __LINE__, curl_easy_strerror (code));
-
-/**
- * Stages of initialization for the `struct TALER_AUDITOR_Handle`
- */
-enum AuditorHandleState
-{
-  /**
-   * Just allocated.
-   */
-  MHS_INIT = 0,
-
-  /**
-   * Obtained the auditor's versioning data and version.
-   */
-  MHS_VERSION = 1,
-
-  /**
-   * Failed to initialize (fatal).
-   */
-  MHS_FAILED = 2
-};
-
-
-/**
- * Handle to the auditor
- */
-struct TALER_AUDITOR_Handle
-{
-  /**
-   * The context of this handle
-   */
-  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx;
-
-  /**
-   * The URL of the auditor (i.e. "http://auditor.taler.net/")
-   */
-  char *url;
-
-  /**
-   * Function to call with the auditor's certification data,
-   * NULL if this has already been done.
-   */
-  TALER_AUDITOR_VersionCallback version_cb;
-
-  /**
-   * Closure to pass to @e version_cb.
-   */
-  void *version_cb_cls;
-
-  /**
-   * Data for the request to get the /config of a auditor,
-   * NULL once we are past stage #MHS_INIT.
-   */
-  struct GNUNET_CURL_Job *vr;
-
-  /**
-   * The url for the @e vr job.
-   */
-  char *vr_url;
-
-  /**
-   * Task for retrying /config request.
-   */
-  struct GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Task *retry_task;
-
-  /**
-   * /config data of the auditor, only valid if
-   * @e handshake_complete is past stage #MHS_VERSION.
-   */
-  char *version;
-
-  /**
-   * Version information for the callback.
-   */
-  struct TALER_AUDITOR_VersionInformation vi;
-
-  /**
-   * Retry /config frequency.
-   */
-  struct GNUNET_TIME_Relative retry_delay;
-
-  /**
-   * Stage of the auditor's initialization routines.
-   */
-  enum AuditorHandleState state;
-
-};
-
-
-/* ***************** Internal /config fetching ************* */
-
-/**
- * Decode the JSON in @a resp_obj from the /config response and store the data
- * in the @a key_data.
- *
- * @param[in] resp_obj JSON object to parse
- * @param[in,out] auditor where to store the results we decoded
- * @param[out] vc where to store version compatibility data
- * @return #TALER_EC_NONE on success
- */
-static enum TALER_ErrorCode
-decode_version_json (const json_t *resp_obj,
-                     struct TALER_AUDITOR_Handle *auditor,
-                     enum TALER_AUDITOR_VersionCompatibility *vc)
-{
-  struct TALER_AUDITOR_VersionInformation *vi = &auditor->vi;
-  unsigned int age;
-  unsigned int revision;
-  unsigned int current;
-  char dummy;
-  const char *ver;
-  struct GNUNET_JSON_Specification spec[] = {
-    GNUNET_JSON_spec_string ("version",
-                             &ver),
-    GNUNET_JSON_spec_fixed_auto ("auditor_public_key",
-                                 &vi->auditor_pub),
-    GNUNET_JSON_spec_end ()
-  };
-
-  if (JSON_OBJECT != json_typeof (resp_obj))
-  {
-    GNUNET_break_op (0);
-    return TALER_EC_GENERIC_JSON_INVALID;
-  }
-  /* check the version */
-  if (GNUNET_OK !=
-      GNUNET_JSON_parse (resp_obj,
-                         spec,
-                         NULL, NULL))
-  {
-    GNUNET_break_op (0);
-    return TALER_EC_GENERIC_JSON_INVALID;
-  }
-  if (3 != sscanf (ver,
-                   "%u:%u:%u%c",
-                   &current,
-                   &revision,
-                   &age,
-                   &dummy))
-  {
-    GNUNET_break_op (0);
-    return TALER_EC_GENERIC_VERSION_MALFORMED;
-  }
-  GNUNET_free (auditor->version);
-  auditor->version = GNUNET_strdup (ver);
-  vi->version = auditor->version;
-  *vc = TALER_AUDITOR_VC_MATCH;
-  if (TALER_PROTOCOL_CURRENT < current)
-  {
-    *vc |= TALER_AUDITOR_VC_NEWER;
-    if (TALER_PROTOCOL_CURRENT < current - age)
-      *vc |= TALER_AUDITOR_VC_INCOMPATIBLE;
-  }
-  if (TALER_PROTOCOL_CURRENT > current)
-  {
-    *vc |= TALER_AUDITOR_VC_OLDER;
-    if (TALER_PROTOCOL_CURRENT - TALER_PROTOCOL_AGE > current)
-      *vc |= TALER_AUDITOR_VC_INCOMPATIBLE;
-  }
-  return TALER_EC_NONE;
-}
-
-
-/**
- * Initiate download of /config from the auditor.
- *
- * @param cls auditor where to download /config from
- */
-static void
-request_version (void *cls);
-
-
-/**
- * Callback used when downloading the reply to a /config request
- * is complete.
- *
- * @param cls the `struct TALER_AUDITOR_Handle`
- * @param response_code HTTP response code, 0 on error
- * @param gresp_obj parsed JSON result, NULL on error, must be a `const json_t *`
- */
-static void
-version_completed_cb (void *cls,
-                      long response_code,
-                      const void *gresp_obj)
-{
-  struct TALER_AUDITOR_Handle *auditor = cls;
-  const json_t *resp_obj = gresp_obj;
-  enum TALER_AUDITOR_VersionCompatibility vc;
-  struct TALER_AUDITOR_HttpResponse hr = {
-    .reply = resp_obj,
-    .http_status = (unsigned int) response_code
-  };
-
-  auditor->vr = NULL;
-  GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_INFO,
-              "Received version from URL `%s' with status %ld.\n",
-              auditor->url,
-              response_code);
-  vc = TALER_AUDITOR_VC_PROTOCOL_ERROR;
-  switch (response_code)
-  {
-  case 0:
-  case MHD_HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR:
-    /* NOTE: this design is debatable. We MAY want to throw this error at the
-       client. We may then still additionally internally re-try. */
-    GNUNET_assert (NULL == auditor->retry_task);
-    auditor->retry_delay = EXCHANGE_LIB_BACKOFF (auditor->retry_delay);
-    auditor->retry_task = GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_delayed (auditor->retry_delay,
-                                                        &request_version,
-                                                        auditor);
-    return;
-  case MHD_HTTP_OK:
-    if (NULL == resp_obj)
-    {
-      GNUNET_break_op (0);
-      TALER_LOG_WARNING ("NULL body for a 200-OK /config\n");
-      hr.http_status = 0;
-      hr.ec = TALER_EC_GENERIC_INVALID_RESPONSE;
-      break;
-    }
-    hr.ec = decode_version_json (resp_obj,
-                                 auditor,
-                                 &vc);
-    if (TALER_EC_NONE != hr.ec)
-    {
-      GNUNET_break_op (0);
-      hr.http_status = 0;
-      break;
-    }
-    auditor->retry_delay = GNUNET_TIME_UNIT_ZERO; /* restart quickly */
-    break;
-  default:
-    hr.ec = TALER_JSON_get_error_code (resp_obj);
-    hr.hint = TALER_JSON_get_error_hint (resp_obj);
-    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR,
-                "Unexpected response code %u/%d\n",
-                (unsigned int) response_code,
-                (int) hr.ec);
-    break;
-  }
-  if (MHD_HTTP_OK != response_code)
-  {
-    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR,
-                "/config failed for auditor %s: %u!\n",
-                auditor->url,
-                (unsigned int) response_code);
-    auditor->state = MHS_FAILED;
-    /* notify application that we failed */
-    auditor->version_cb (auditor->version_cb_cls,
-                         &hr,
-                         NULL,
-                         vc);
-    return;
-  }
-  TALER_LOG_DEBUG ("Switching auditor state to 'version'\n");
-  auditor->state = MHS_VERSION;
-  GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_INFO,
-              "Auditor %s is ready!\n",
-              auditor->url);
-  /* notify application about the key information */
-  auditor->version_cb (auditor->version_cb_cls,
-                       &hr,
-                       &auditor->vi,
-                       vc);
-}
-
-
-/**
- * Initiate download of /config from the auditor.
- *
- * @param cls auditor where to download /config from
- */
-static void
-request_version (void *cls)
-{
-  struct TALER_AUDITOR_Handle *auditor = cls;
-  CURL *eh;
-
-  auditor->retry_task = NULL;
-  GNUNET_assert (NULL == auditor->vr);
-  GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_INFO,
-              "Requesting auditor version with URL `%s'.\n",
-              auditor->vr_url);
-  eh = TALER_AUDITOR_curl_easy_get_ (auditor->vr_url);
-  if (NULL == eh)
-  {
-    GNUNET_break (0);
-    auditor->retry_delay = EXCHANGE_LIB_BACKOFF (auditor->retry_delay);
-    auditor->retry_task = GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_delayed (auditor->retry_delay,
-                                                        &request_version,
-                                                        auditor);
-    return;
-  }
-  GNUNET_break (CURLE_OK ==
-                curl_easy_setopt (eh,
-                                  CURLOPT_TIMEOUT,
-                                  (long) 300));
-  auditor->vr = GNUNET_CURL_job_add (auditor->ctx,
-                                     eh,
-                                     &version_completed_cb,
-                                     auditor);
-}
-
-
-/* ********************* library internal API ********* */
-
-
-struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *
-TALER_AUDITOR_handle_to_context_ (struct TALER_AUDITOR_Handle *h)
-{
-  return h->ctx;
-}
-
-
-enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
-TALER_AUDITOR_handle_is_ready_ (struct TALER_AUDITOR_Handle *h)
-{
-  GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_INFO,
-              "Checking if auditor at `%s` is now ready: %s\n",
-              h->url,
-              (MHD_VERSION == h->state) ? "yes" : "no");
-  return (MHS_VERSION == h->state) ? GNUNET_YES : GNUNET_NO;
-}
-
-
-char *
-TALER_AUDITOR_path_to_url_ (struct TALER_AUDITOR_Handle *h,
-                            const char *path)
-{
-  GNUNET_assert ('/' == path[0]);
-  return TALER_url_join (h->url,
-                         path + 1,
-                         NULL);
-}
-
-
-/* ********************* public API ******************* */
-
-
-struct TALER_AUDITOR_Handle *
-TALER_AUDITOR_connect (struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
-                       const char *url,
-                       TALER_AUDITOR_VersionCallback version_cb,
-                       void *version_cb_cls)
-{
-  struct TALER_AUDITOR_Handle *auditor;
-
-  auditor = GNUNET_new (struct TALER_AUDITOR_Handle);
-  auditor->version_cb = version_cb;
-  auditor->version_cb_cls = version_cb_cls;
-  auditor->retry_delay = GNUNET_TIME_UNIT_SECONDS; /* start slowly */
-  auditor->ctx = ctx;
-  auditor->url = GNUNET_strdup (url);
-  auditor->vr_url = TALER_AUDITOR_path_to_url_ (auditor,
-                                                "/config");
-  if (NULL == auditor->vr_url)
-  {
-    GNUNET_break (0);
-    GNUNET_free (auditor->url);
-    GNUNET_free (auditor);
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  auditor->retry_task = GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_now (&request_version,
-                                                  auditor);
-  GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_INFO,
-              "Connecting to auditor at URL `%s'.\n",
-              url);
-  return auditor;
-}
-
-
-void
-TALER_AUDITOR_disconnect (struct TALER_AUDITOR_Handle *auditor)
-{
-  GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_INFO,
-              "Disconnecting from auditor at URL `%s'.\n",
-              auditor->url);
-  if (NULL != auditor->vr)
-  {
-    GNUNET_CURL_job_cancel (auditor->vr);
-    auditor->vr = NULL;
-  }
-  if (NULL != auditor->retry_task)
-  {
-    GNUNET_SCHEDULER_cancel (auditor->retry_task);
-    auditor->retry_task = NULL;
-  }
-  GNUNET_free (auditor->version);
-  GNUNET_free (auditor->vr_url);
-  GNUNET_free (auditor->url);
-  GNUNET_free (auditor);
-}
-
-
-/* end of auditor_api_handle.c */
diff --git a/src/lib/auditor_api_handle.h b/src/lib/auditor_api_handle.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 7ff5bfcdb..000000000
--- a/src/lib/auditor_api_handle.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
-/*
-  This file is part of TALER
-  Copyright (C) 2014, 2015 Taler Systems SA
-
-  TALER is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
-  terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
-  Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later version.
-
-  TALER is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
-  WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
-  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.
-
-  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
-  TALER; see the file COPYING.  If not, see
-  <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>
-*/
-/**
- * @file lib/auditor_api_handle.h
- * @brief Internal interface to the handle part of the auditor's HTTP API
- * @author Christian Grothoff
- */
-#include "platform.h"
-#include <gnunet/gnunet_curl_lib.h>
-#include "taler_auditor_service.h"
-#include "taler_curl_lib.h"
-
-/**
- * Get the context of a auditor.
- *
- * @param h the auditor handle to query
- * @return ctx context to execute jobs in
- */
-struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *
-TALER_AUDITOR_handle_to_context_ (struct TALER_AUDITOR_Handle *h);
-
-
-/**
- * Check if the handle is ready to process requests.
- *
- * @param h the auditor handle to query
- * @return #GNUNET_YES if we are ready, #GNUNET_NO if not
- */
-int
-TALER_AUDITOR_handle_is_ready_ (struct TALER_AUDITOR_Handle *h);
-
-
-/**
- * Obtain the URL to use for an API request.
- *
- * @param h the auditor handle to query
- * @param path Taler API path (i.e. "/deposit-confirmation")
- * @return the full URL to use with cURL
- */
-char *
-TALER_AUDITOR_path_to_url_ (struct TALER_AUDITOR_Handle *h,
-                            const char *path);
-
-
-/* end of auditor_api_handle.h */
diff --git a/src/lib/exchange_api_batch_deposit.c b/src/lib/exchange_api_batch_deposit.c
index 544407a38..22ae2d58d 100644
--- a/src/lib/exchange_api_batch_deposit.c
+++ b/src/lib/exchange_api_batch_deposit.c
@@ -44,6 +44,39 @@
  */
 #define AUDITOR_CHANCE 20
 
+
+/**
+ * Entry in list of ongoing interactions with an auditor.
+ */
+struct TEAH_AuditorInteractionEntry
+{
+  /**
+   * DLL entry.
+   */
+  struct TEAH_AuditorInteractionEntry *next;
+
+  /**
+   * DLL entry.
+   */
+  struct TEAH_AuditorInteractionEntry *prev;
+
+  /**
+   * URL of our auditor. For logging.
+   */
+  const char *auditor_url;
+
+  /**
+   * Interaction state.
+   */
+  struct TALER_AUDITOR_DepositConfirmationHandle *dch;
+
+  /**
+   * Batch deposit this is for.
+   */
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_BatchDepositHandle *dh;
+};
+
+
 /**
  * @brief A Deposit Handle
  */
@@ -51,9 +84,14 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_BatchDepositHandle
 {
 
   /**
-   * The connection to exchange this request handle will use
+   * The keys of the exchange.
    */
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange;
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys;
+
+  /**
+   * Context for our curl request(s).
+   */
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx;
 
   /**
    * The url for this request.
@@ -64,7 +102,7 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_BatchDepositHandle
    * Context for #TEH_curl_easy_post(). Keeps the data that must
    * persist for Curl to make the upload.
    */
-  struct TALER_CURL_PostContext ctx;
+  struct TALER_CURL_PostContext post_ctx;
 
   /**
    * Handle for the request.
@@ -113,11 +151,31 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_BatchDepositHandle
   struct TALER_ExchangeSignatureP *exchange_sigs;
 
   /**
+   * Head of DLL of interactions with this auditor.
+   */
+  struct TEAH_AuditorInteractionEntry *ai_head;
+
+  /**
+   * Tail of DLL of interactions with this auditor.
+   */
+  struct TEAH_AuditorInteractionEntry *ai_tail;
+
+  /**
+   * Result to return to the application once @e ai_head is empty.
+   */
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_BatchDepositResult dr;
+
+  /**
    * Exchange signing public key, set for #auditor_cb.
    */
   struct TALER_ExchangePublicKeyP exchange_pub;
 
   /**
+   * Response object to free at the end.
+   */
+  json_t *response;
+
+  /**
    * Chance that we will inform the auditor about the deposit
    * is 1:n, where the value of this field is "n".
    */
@@ -132,21 +190,65 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_BatchDepositHandle
 
 
 /**
+ * Finish batch deposit operation by calling the callback.
+ *
+ * @param[in] dh handle to finished batch deposit operation
+ */
+static void
+finish_dh (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_BatchDepositHandle *dh)
+{
+  dh->cb (dh->cb_cls,
+          &dh->dr);
+  TALER_EXCHANGE_batch_deposit_cancel (dh);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Function called with the result from our call to the
+ * auditor's /deposit-confirmation handler.
+ *
+ * @param cls closure of type `struct TEAH_AuditorInteractionEntry *`
+ * @param dcr response
+ */
+static void
+acc_confirmation_cb (
+  void *cls,
+  const struct TALER_AUDITOR_DepositConfirmationResponse *dcr)
+{
+  struct TEAH_AuditorInteractionEntry *aie = cls;
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_BatchDepositHandle *dh = aie->dh;
+
+  if (MHD_HTTP_OK != dcr->hr.http_status)
+  {
+    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
+                "Failed to submit deposit confirmation to auditor `%s' with HTTP status %d (EC: %d). This is acceptable if it does not happen often.\n",
+                aie->auditor_url,
+                dcr->hr.http_status,
+                dcr->hr.ec);
+  }
+  GNUNET_CONTAINER_DLL_remove (dh->ai_head,
+                               dh->ai_tail,
+                               aie);
+  GNUNET_free (aie);
+  if (NULL == dh->ai_head)
+    finish_dh (dh);
+}
+
+
+/**
  * Function called for each auditor to give us a chance to possibly
  * launch a deposit confirmation interaction.
  *
  * @param cls closure
- * @param ah handle to the auditor
+ * @param auditor_url base URL of the auditor
  * @param auditor_pub public key of the auditor
- * @return NULL if no deposit confirmation interaction was launched
  */
-static struct TEAH_AuditorInteractionEntry *
+static void
 auditor_cb (void *cls,
-            struct TALER_AUDITOR_Handle *ah,
+            const char *auditor_url,
             const struct TALER_AuditorPublicKeyP *auditor_pub)
 {
   struct TALER_EXCHANGE_BatchDepositHandle *dh = cls;
-  const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *key_state;
   const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_SigningPublicKey *spk;
   struct TEAH_AuditorInteractionEntry *aie;
   struct TALER_Amount amount_without_fee;
@@ -159,31 +261,33 @@ auditor_cb (void *cls,
   {
     GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_INFO,
                 "Not providing deposit confirmation to auditor\n");
-    return NULL;
+    return;
   }
   coin = GNUNET_CRYPTO_random_u32 (GNUNET_CRYPTO_QUALITY_WEAK,
                                    dh->num_cdds);
   GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_INFO,
               "Will provide deposit confirmation to auditor `%s'\n",
               TALER_B2S (auditor_pub));
-  key_state = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_keys (dh->exchange);
-  dki = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_denomination_key_by_hash (key_state,
+  dki = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_denomination_key_by_hash (dh->keys,
                                                      &dh->cdds[coin].h_denom_pub);
   GNUNET_assert (NULL != dki);
-  spk = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_signing_key_info (key_state,
+  spk = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_signing_key_info (dh->keys,
                                              &dh->exchange_pub);
   if (NULL == spk)
   {
     GNUNET_break_op (0);
-    return NULL;
+    return;
   }
   GNUNET_assert (0 <=
                  TALER_amount_subtract (&amount_without_fee,
                                         &dh->cdds[coin].amount,
                                         &dki->fees.deposit));
   aie = GNUNET_new (struct TEAH_AuditorInteractionEntry);
+  aie->dh = dh;
+  aie->auditor_url = auditor_url;
   aie->dch = TALER_AUDITOR_deposit_confirmation (
-    ah,
+    dh->ctx,
+    auditor_url,
     &dh->h_wire,
     &dh->h_policy,
     &dh->dcd.h_contract_terms,
@@ -195,14 +299,16 @@ auditor_cb (void *cls,
     &dh->dcd.merchant_pub,
     &dh->exchange_pub,
     &dh->exchange_sigs[coin],
-    &key_state->master_pub,
+    &dh->keys->master_pub,
     spk->valid_from,
     spk->valid_until,
     spk->valid_legal,
     &spk->master_sig,
-    &TEAH_acc_confirmation_cb,
+    &acc_confirmation_cb,
     aie);
-  return aie;
+  GNUNET_CONTAINER_DLL_insert (dh->ai_head,
+                               dh->ai_tail,
+                               aie);
 }
 
 
@@ -221,22 +327,19 @@ handle_deposit_finished (void *cls,
 {
   struct TALER_EXCHANGE_BatchDepositHandle *dh = cls;
   const json_t *j = response;
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_BatchDepositResult dr = {
-    .hr.reply = j,
-    .hr.http_status = (unsigned int) response_code
-  };
-  const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys;
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_BatchDepositResult *dr = &dh->dr;
 
   dh->job = NULL;
-  keys = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_keys (dh->exchange);
+  dh->response = json_incref ((json_t*) j);
+  dr->hr.reply = dh->response;
+  dr->hr.http_status = (unsigned int) response_code;
   switch (response_code)
   {
   case 0:
-    dr.hr.ec = TALER_EC_GENERIC_INVALID_RESPONSE;
+    dr->hr.ec = TALER_EC_GENERIC_INVALID_RESPONSE;
     break;
   case MHD_HTTP_OK:
     {
-      const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *key_state;
       const json_t *sigs;
       json_t *sig;
       unsigned int idx;
@@ -247,7 +350,7 @@ handle_deposit_finished (void *cls,
                                      &dh->exchange_pub),
         GNUNET_JSON_spec_mark_optional (
           GNUNET_JSON_spec_string ("transaction_base_url",
-                                   &dr.details.ok.transaction_base_url),
+                                   &dr->details.ok.transaction_base_url),
           NULL),
         GNUNET_JSON_spec_timestamp ("exchange_timestamp",
                                     &dh->exchange_timestamp),
@@ -260,27 +363,26 @@ handle_deposit_finished (void *cls,
                              NULL, NULL))
       {
         GNUNET_break_op (0);
-        dr.hr.http_status = 0;
-        dr.hr.ec = TALER_EC_GENERIC_REPLY_MALFORMED;
+        dr->hr.http_status = 0;
+        dr->hr.ec = TALER_EC_GENERIC_REPLY_MALFORMED;
         break;
       }
       if (json_array_size (sigs) != dh->num_cdds)
       {
         GNUNET_break_op (0);
-        dr.hr.http_status = 0;
-        dr.hr.ec = TALER_EC_GENERIC_REPLY_MALFORMED;
+        dr->hr.http_status = 0;
+        dr->hr.ec = TALER_EC_GENERIC_REPLY_MALFORMED;
         break;
       }
       dh->exchange_sigs = GNUNET_new_array (dh->num_cdds,
                                             struct TALER_ExchangeSignatureP);
-      key_state = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_keys (dh->exchange);
       if (GNUNET_OK !=
-          TALER_EXCHANGE_test_signing_key (key_state,
+          TALER_EXCHANGE_test_signing_key (dh->keys,
                                            &dh->exchange_pub))
       {
         GNUNET_break_op (0);
-        dr.hr.http_status = 0;
-        dr.hr.ec = TALER_EC_EXCHANGE_DEPOSIT_INVALID_SIGNATURE_BY_EXCHANGE;
+        dr->hr.http_status = 0;
+        dr->hr.ec = TALER_EC_EXCHANGE_DEPOSIT_INVALID_SIGNATURE_BY_EXCHANGE;
         break;
       }
       json_array_foreach (sigs, idx, sig)
@@ -299,11 +401,11 @@ handle_deposit_finished (void *cls,
                                NULL, NULL))
         {
           GNUNET_break_op (0);
-          dr.hr.http_status = 0;
-          dr.hr.ec = TALER_EC_GENERIC_REPLY_MALFORMED;
+          dr->hr.http_status = 0;
+          dr->hr.ec = TALER_EC_GENERIC_REPLY_MALFORMED;
           break;
         }
-        dki = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_denomination_key_by_hash (key_state,
+        dki = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_denomination_key_by_hash (dh->keys,
                                                            &dh->cdds[idx].
                                                            h_denom_pub);
         GNUNET_assert (NULL != dki);
@@ -327,42 +429,41 @@ handle_deposit_finished (void *cls,
               &dh->exchange_sigs[idx]))
         {
           GNUNET_break_op (0);
-          dr.hr.http_status = 0;
-          dr.hr.ec = TALER_EC_EXCHANGE_DEPOSIT_INVALID_SIGNATURE_BY_EXCHANGE;
+          dr->hr.http_status = 0;
+          dr->hr.ec = TALER_EC_EXCHANGE_DEPOSIT_INVALID_SIGNATURE_BY_EXCHANGE;
           break;
         }
       }
-      TEAH_get_auditors_for_dc (dh->exchange,
+      TEAH_get_auditors_for_dc (dh->keys,
                                 &auditor_cb,
                                 dh);
     }
-    dr.details.ok.exchange_sigs = dh->exchange_sigs;
-    dr.details.ok.exchange_pub = &dh->exchange_pub;
-    dr.details.ok.deposit_timestamp = dh->exchange_timestamp;
-    dr.details.ok.num_signatures = dh->num_cdds;
+    dr->details.ok.exchange_sigs = dh->exchange_sigs;
+    dr->details.ok.exchange_pub = &dh->exchange_pub;
+    dr->details.ok.deposit_timestamp = dh->exchange_timestamp;
+    dr->details.ok.num_signatures = dh->num_cdds;
     break;
   case MHD_HTTP_BAD_REQUEST:
     /* This should never happen, either us or the exchange is buggy
        (or API version conflict); just pass JSON reply to the application */
-    dr.hr.ec = TALER_JSON_get_error_code (j);
-    dr.hr.hint = TALER_JSON_get_error_hint (j);
+    dr->hr.ec = TALER_JSON_get_error_code (j);
+    dr->hr.hint = TALER_JSON_get_error_hint (j);
     break;
   case MHD_HTTP_FORBIDDEN:
-    dr.hr.ec = TALER_JSON_get_error_code (j);
-    dr.hr.hint = TALER_JSON_get_error_hint (j);
+    dr->hr.ec = TALER_JSON_get_error_code (j);
+    dr->hr.hint = TALER_JSON_get_error_hint (j);
     /* Nothing really to verify, exchange says one of the signatures is
        invalid; as we checked them, this should never happen, we
        should pass the JSON reply to the application */
     break;
   case MHD_HTTP_NOT_FOUND:
-    dr.hr.ec = TALER_JSON_get_error_code (j);
-    dr.hr.hint = TALER_JSON_get_error_hint (j);
+    dr->hr.ec = TALER_JSON_get_error_code (j);
+    dr->hr.hint = TALER_JSON_get_error_hint (j);
     /* Nothing really to verify, this should never
        happen, we should pass the JSON reply to the application */
     break;
   case MHD_HTTP_CONFLICT:
     {
-      const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *key_state;
       struct TALER_CoinSpendPublicKeyP coin_pub;
       struct GNUNET_JSON_Specification spec[] = {
         GNUNET_JSON_spec_fixed_auto ("coin_pub",
@@ -378,8 +479,8 @@ handle_deposit_finished (void *cls,
                              NULL, NULL))
       {
         GNUNET_break_op (0);
-        dr.hr.http_status = 0;
-        dr.hr.ec = TALER_EC_GENERIC_REPLY_MALFORMED;
+        dr->hr.http_status = 0;
+        dr->hr.ec = TALER_EC_GENERIC_REPLY_MALFORMED;
         break;
       }
       for (unsigned int i = 0; i<dh->num_cdds; i++)
@@ -388,14 +489,13 @@ handle_deposit_finished (void *cls,
             GNUNET_memcmp (&coin_pub,
                            &dh->cdds[i].coin_pub))
           continue;
-        key_state = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_keys (dh->exchange);
-        dki = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_denomination_key_by_hash (key_state,
+        dki = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_denomination_key_by_hash (dh->keys,
                                                            &dh->cdds[i].
                                                            h_denom_pub);
         GNUNET_assert (NULL != dki);
         if (GNUNET_OK !=
             TALER_EXCHANGE_check_coin_conflict_ (
-              keys,
+              dh->keys,
               j,
               dki,
               &dh->cdds[i].coin_pub,
@@ -403,8 +503,8 @@ handle_deposit_finished (void *cls,
               &dh->cdds[i].amount))
         {
           GNUNET_break_op (0);
-          dr.hr.http_status = 0;
-          dr.hr.ec = TALER_EC_GENERIC_REPLY_MALFORMED;
+          dr->hr.http_status = 0;
+          dr->hr.ec = TALER_EC_GENERIC_REPLY_MALFORMED;
           break;
         }
         found = true;
@@ -413,12 +513,12 @@ handle_deposit_finished (void *cls,
       if (! found)
       {
         GNUNET_break_op (0);
-        dr.hr.http_status = 0;
-        dr.hr.ec = TALER_EC_GENERIC_REPLY_MALFORMED;
+        dr->hr.http_status = 0;
+        dr->hr.ec = TALER_EC_GENERIC_REPLY_MALFORMED;
         break;
       }
-      dr.hr.ec = TALER_JSON_get_error_code (j);
-      dr.hr.hint = TALER_JSON_get_error_hint (j);
+      dr->hr.ec = TALER_JSON_get_error_code (j);
+      dr->hr.hint = TALER_JSON_get_error_hint (j);
     }
     break;
   case MHD_HTTP_GONE:
@@ -426,35 +526,37 @@ handle_deposit_finished (void *cls,
     /* Note: one might want to check /keys for revocation
        signature here, alas tricky in case our /keys
        is outdated => left to clients */
-    dr.hr.ec = TALER_JSON_get_error_code (j);
-    dr.hr.hint = TALER_JSON_get_error_hint (j);
+    dr->hr.ec = TALER_JSON_get_error_code (j);
+    dr->hr.hint = TALER_JSON_get_error_hint (j);
     break;
   case MHD_HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR:
-    dr.hr.ec = TALER_JSON_get_error_code (j);
-    dr.hr.hint = TALER_JSON_get_error_hint (j);
+    dr->hr.ec = TALER_JSON_get_error_code (j);
+    dr->hr.hint = TALER_JSON_get_error_hint (j);
     /* Server had an internal issue; we should retry, but this API
        leaves this to the application */
     break;
   default:
     /* unexpected response code */
-    dr.hr.ec = TALER_JSON_get_error_code (j);
-    dr.hr.hint = TALER_JSON_get_error_hint (j);
+    dr->hr.ec = TALER_JSON_get_error_code (j);
+    dr->hr.hint = TALER_JSON_get_error_hint (j);
     GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR,
                 "Unexpected response code %u/%d for exchange deposit\n",
                 (unsigned int) response_code,
-                dr.hr.ec);
+                dr->hr.ec);
     GNUNET_break_op (0);
     break;
   }
-  dh->cb (dh->cb_cls,
-          &dr);
-  TALER_EXCHANGE_batch_deposit_cancel (dh);
+  if (NULL != dh->ai_head)
+    return;
+  finish_dh (dh);
 }
 
 
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_BatchDepositHandle *
 TALER_EXCHANGE_batch_deposit (
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys,
   const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_DepositContractDetail *dcd,
   unsigned int num_cdds,
   const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_CoinDepositDetail *cdds,
@@ -462,16 +564,12 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_batch_deposit (
   void *cb_cls,
   enum TALER_ErrorCode *ec)
 {
-  const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *key_state;
   struct TALER_EXCHANGE_BatchDepositHandle *dh;
-  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx;
   json_t *deposit_obj;
   json_t *deposits;
   CURL *eh;
   struct TALER_Amount amount_without_fee;
 
-  GNUNET_assert (GNUNET_YES ==
-                 TEAH_handle_is_ready (exchange));
   if (GNUNET_TIME_timestamp_cmp (dcd->refund_deadline,
                                  >,
                                  dcd->wire_deadline))
@@ -480,10 +578,8 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_batch_deposit (
     *ec = TALER_EC_EXCHANGE_DEPOSIT_REFUND_DEADLINE_AFTER_WIRE_DEADLINE;
     return NULL;
   }
-  key_state = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_keys (exchange);
   dh = GNUNET_new (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_BatchDepositHandle);
   dh->auditor_chance = AUDITOR_CHANCE;
-  dh->exchange = exchange;
   dh->cb = cb;
   dh->cb_cls = cb_cls;
   dh->cdds = GNUNET_memdup (cdds,
@@ -504,7 +600,7 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_batch_deposit (
     const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_CoinDepositDetail *cdd = &cdds[i];
     const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_DenomPublicKey *dki;
 
-    dki = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_denomination_key_by_hash (key_state,
+    dki = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_denomination_key_by_hash (keys,
                                                        &cdd->h_denom_pub);
     if (NULL == dki)
     {
@@ -563,8 +659,9 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_batch_deposit (
                                       &cdd->coin_sig)
           )));
   }
-  dh->url = TEAH_path_to_url (exchange,
-                              "/batch-deposit");
+  dh->url = TALER_url_join (url,
+                            "batch-deposit",
+                            NULL);
   if (NULL == dh->url)
   {
     GNUNET_break (0);
@@ -600,7 +697,7 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_batch_deposit (
   eh = TALER_EXCHANGE_curl_easy_get_ (dh->url);
   if ( (NULL == eh) ||
        (GNUNET_OK !=
-        TALER_curl_easy_post (&dh->ctx,
+        TALER_curl_easy_post (&dh->post_ctx,
                               eh,
                               deposit_obj)) )
   {
@@ -618,10 +715,11 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_batch_deposit (
   GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
               "URL for deposit: `%s'\n",
               dh->url);
-  ctx = TEAH_handle_to_context (exchange);
+  dh->ctx = ctx;
+  dh->keys = TALER_EXCHANGE_keys_incref (keys);
   dh->job = GNUNET_CURL_job_add2 (ctx,
                                   eh,
-                                  dh->ctx.headers,
+                                  dh->post_ctx.headers,
                                   &handle_deposit_finished,
                                   dh);
   return dh;
@@ -640,15 +738,31 @@ void
 TALER_EXCHANGE_batch_deposit_cancel (
   struct TALER_EXCHANGE_BatchDepositHandle *deposit)
 {
+  struct TEAH_AuditorInteractionEntry *aie;
+
+  while (NULL != (aie = deposit->ai_head))
+  {
+    GNUNET_assert (aie->dh == deposit);
+    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_INFO,
+                "Not sending deposit confirmation to auditor `%s' due to cancellation\n",
+                aie->auditor_url);
+    TALER_AUDITOR_deposit_confirmation_cancel (aie->dch);
+    GNUNET_CONTAINER_DLL_remove (deposit->ai_head,
+                                 deposit->ai_tail,
+                                 aie);
+    GNUNET_free (aie);
+  }
   if (NULL != deposit->job)
   {
     GNUNET_CURL_job_cancel (deposit->job);
     deposit->job = NULL;
   }
+  TALER_EXCHANGE_keys_decref (deposit->keys);
   GNUNET_free (deposit->url);
   GNUNET_free (deposit->cdds);
   GNUNET_free (deposit->exchange_sigs);
-  TALER_curl_easy_post_finished (&deposit->ctx);
+  TALER_curl_easy_post_finished (&deposit->post_ctx);
+  json_decref (deposit->response);
   GNUNET_free (deposit);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/lib/exchange_api_batch_withdraw2.c b/src/lib/exchange_api_batch_withdraw2.c
index 04c2c0100..6dd421cea 100644
--- a/src/lib/exchange_api_batch_withdraw2.c
+++ b/src/lib/exchange_api_batch_withdraw2.c
@@ -218,14 +218,15 @@ reserve_batch_withdraw_payment_required (
     }
 
     if (GNUNET_OK !=
-        TALER_EXCHANGE_parse_reserve_history (wh->exchange,
-                                              history,
-                                              &wh->reserve_pub,
-                                              balance.currency,
-                                              &total_in_from_history,
-                                              &total_out_from_history,
-                                              len,
-                                              rhistory))
+        TALER_EXCHANGE_parse_reserve_history (
+          TALER_EXCHANGE_get_keys (wh->exchange),
+          history,
+          &wh->reserve_pub,
+          balance.currency,
+          &total_in_from_history,
+          &total_out_from_history,
+          len,
+          rhistory))
     {
       GNUNET_break_op (0);
       TALER_EXCHANGE_free_reserve_history (rhistory,
diff --git a/src/lib/exchange_api_common.c b/src/lib/exchange_api_common.c
index 8bbc6c472..f43673d76 100644
--- a/src/lib/exchange_api_common.c
+++ b/src/lib/exchange_api_common.c
@@ -34,9 +34,9 @@ struct HistoryParseContext
 {
 
   /**
-   * Exchange we use.
+   * Keys of the exchange we use.
    */
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange;
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys;
 
   /**
    * Our reserve public key.
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ parse_withdraw (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReserveHistoryEntry *rh,
     const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *key_state;
     const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_DenomPublicKey *dki;
 
-    key_state = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_keys (uc->exchange);
+    key_state = uc->keys;
     dki = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_denomination_key_by_hash (key_state,
                                                        &h_denom_pub);
     if ( (GNUNET_YES !=
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ parse_recoup (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReserveHistoryEntry *rh,
     GNUNET_break_op (0);
     return GNUNET_SYSERR;
   }
-  key_state = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_keys (uc->exchange);
+  key_state = uc->keys;
   if (GNUNET_OK !=
       TALER_EXCHANGE_test_signing_key (key_state,
                                        &rh->details.
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ parse_closing (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReserveHistoryEntry *rh,
     GNUNET_break_op (0);
     return GNUNET_SYSERR;
   }
-  key_state = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_keys (uc->exchange);
+  key_state = uc->keys;
   if (GNUNET_OK !=
       TALER_EXCHANGE_test_signing_key (
         key_state,
@@ -647,7 +647,7 @@ parse_close (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReserveHistoryEntry *rh,
 
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 TALER_EXCHANGE_parse_reserve_history (
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys,
   const json_t *history,
   const struct TALER_ReservePublicKeyP *reserve_pub,
   const char *currency,
@@ -673,7 +673,7 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_parse_reserve_history (
   };
   struct GNUNET_HashCode uuid[history_length];
   struct HistoryParseContext uc = {
-    .exchange = exchange,
+    .keys = keys,
     .reserve_pub = reserve_pub,
     .uuids = uuid,
     .total_in = total_in,
diff --git a/src/lib/exchange_api_contracts_get.c b/src/lib/exchange_api_contracts_get.c
index 8fd4ba1e7..aece7733a 100644
--- a/src/lib/exchange_api_contracts_get.c
+++ b/src/lib/exchange_api_contracts_get.c
@@ -39,11 +39,6 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ContractsGetHandle
 {
 
   /**
-   * The connection to exchange this request handle will use
-   */
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange;
-
-  /**
    * The url for this request.
    */
   char *url;
@@ -194,7 +189,8 @@ handle_contract_get_finished (void *cls,
 
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ContractsGetHandle *
 TALER_EXCHANGE_contract_get (
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
   const struct TALER_ContractDiffiePrivateP *contract_priv,
   TALER_EXCHANGE_ContractGetCallback cb,
   void *cb_cls)
@@ -203,14 +199,7 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_contract_get (
   CURL *eh;
   char arg_str[sizeof (cgh->cpub) * 2 + 48];
 
-  if (GNUNET_YES !=
-      TEAH_handle_is_ready (exchange))
-  {
-    GNUNET_break (0);
-    return NULL;
-  }
   cgh = GNUNET_new (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ContractsGetHandle);
-  cgh->exchange = exchange;
   cgh->cb = cb;
   cgh->cb_cls = cb_cls;
   GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecdhe_key_get_public (&contract_priv->ecdhe_priv,
@@ -226,12 +215,13 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_contract_get (
     *end = '\0';
     GNUNET_snprintf (arg_str,
                      sizeof (arg_str),
-                     "/contracts/%s",
+                     "contracts/%s",
                      cpub_str);
   }
 
-  cgh->url = TEAH_path_to_url (exchange,
-                               arg_str);
+  cgh->url = TALER_url_join (url,
+                             arg_str,
+                             NULL);
   if (NULL == cgh->url)
   {
     GNUNET_free (cgh);
@@ -247,7 +237,7 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_contract_get (
     GNUNET_free (cgh);
     return NULL;
   }
-  cgh->job = GNUNET_CURL_job_add (TEAH_handle_to_context (exchange),
+  cgh->job = GNUNET_CURL_job_add (ctx,
                                   eh,
                                   &handle_contract_get_finished,
                                   cgh);
diff --git a/src/lib/exchange_api_csr_melt.c b/src/lib/exchange_api_csr_melt.c
index 67b1a9b7e..da6c392aa 100644
--- a/src/lib/exchange_api_csr_melt.c
+++ b/src/lib/exchange_api_csr_melt.c
@@ -38,10 +38,6 @@
  */
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_CsRMeltHandle
 {
-  /**
-   * The connection to exchange this request handle will use
-   */
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange;
 
   /**
    * Function to call with the result.
@@ -220,12 +216,14 @@ handle_csr_finished (void *cls,
 
 
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_CsRMeltHandle *
-TALER_EXCHANGE_csr_melt (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
-                         const struct TALER_RefreshMasterSecretP *rms,
-                         unsigned int nks_len,
-                         struct TALER_EXCHANGE_NonceKey *nks,
-                         TALER_EXCHANGE_CsRMeltCallback res_cb,
-                         void *res_cb_cls)
+TALER_EXCHANGE_csr_melt (
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
+  const struct TALER_RefreshMasterSecretP *rms,
+  unsigned int nks_len,
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_NonceKey *nks,
+  TALER_EXCHANGE_CsRMeltCallback res_cb,
+  void *res_cb_cls)
 {
   struct TALER_EXCHANGE_CsRMeltHandle *csrh;
   json_t *csr_arr;
@@ -242,7 +240,6 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_csr_melt (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
       return NULL;
     }
   csrh = GNUNET_new (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_CsRMeltHandle);
-  csrh->exchange = exchange;
   csrh->cb = res_cb;
   csrh->cb_cls = res_cb_cls;
   csr_arr = json_array ();
@@ -262,8 +259,9 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_csr_melt (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
                    json_array_append_new (csr_arr,
                                           csr_obj));
   }
-  csrh->url = TEAH_path_to_url (exchange,
-                                "/csr-melt");
+  csrh->url = TALER_url_join (url,
+                              "csr-melt",
+                              NULL);
   if (NULL == csrh->url)
   {
     json_decref (csr_arr);
@@ -272,7 +270,6 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_csr_melt (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
   }
   {
     CURL *eh;
-    struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx;
     json_t *req;
 
     req = GNUNET_JSON_PACK (
@@ -280,7 +277,6 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_csr_melt (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
                                   rms),
       GNUNET_JSON_pack_array_steal ("nks",
                                     csr_arr));
-    ctx = TEAH_handle_to_context (exchange);
     eh = TALER_EXCHANGE_curl_easy_get_ (csrh->url);
     if ( (NULL == eh) ||
          (GNUNET_OK !=
diff --git a/src/lib/exchange_api_deposit.c b/src/lib/exchange_api_deposit.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 5a0073f3f..000000000
--- a/src/lib/exchange_api_deposit.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,557 +0,0 @@
-/*
-   This file is part of TALER
-   Copyright (C) 2014-2021 Taler Systems SA
-
-   TALER is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
-   terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
-   Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later version.
-
-   TALER is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
-   WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
-   A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.
-
-   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
-   TALER; see the file COPYING.  If not, see
-   <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>
- */
-/**
- * @file lib/exchange_api_deposit.c
- * @brief Implementation of the /deposit request of the exchange's HTTP API
- * @author Sree Harsha Totakura <sreeharsha@totakura.in>
- * @author Christian Grothoff
- */
-#include "platform.h"
-#include <jansson.h>
-#include <microhttpd.h> /* just for HTTP status codes */
-#include <gnunet/gnunet_util_lib.h>
-#include <gnunet/gnunet_json_lib.h>
-#include <gnunet/gnunet_curl_lib.h>
-#include "taler_json_lib.h"
-#include "taler_auditor_service.h"
-#include "taler_exchange_service.h"
-#include "exchange_api_common.h"
-#include "exchange_api_handle.h"
-#include "taler_signatures.h"
-#include "exchange_api_curl_defaults.h"
-
-
-/**
- * 1:#AUDITOR_CHANCE is the probability that we report deposits
- * to the auditor.
- *
- * 20==5% of going to auditor. This is possibly still too high, but set
- * deliberately this high for testing
- */
-#define AUDITOR_CHANCE 20
-
-/**
- * @brief A Deposit Handle
- */
-struct TALER_EXCHANGE_DepositHandle
-{
-
-  /**
-   * The connection to exchange this request handle will use
-   */
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange;
-
-  /**
-   * The url for this request.
-   */
-  char *url;
-
-  /**
-   * Context for #TEH_curl_easy_post(). Keeps the data that must
-   * persist for Curl to make the upload.
-   */
-  struct TALER_CURL_PostContext ctx;
-
-  /**
-   * Handle for the request.
-   */
-  struct GNUNET_CURL_Job *job;
-
-  /**
-   * Function to call with the result.
-   */
-  TALER_EXCHANGE_DepositResultCallback cb;
-
-  /**
-   * Closure for @a cb.
-   */
-  void *cb_cls;
-
-  /**
-   * Details about the contract.
-   */
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_DepositContractDetail dcd;
-
-  /**
-   * Details about the coin.
-   */
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_CoinDepositDetail cdd;
-
-  /**
-   * Hash of the merchant's wire details.
-   */
-  struct TALER_MerchantWireHashP h_wire;
-
-  /**
-   * Hash over the policy extension, or all zero.
-   */
-  struct TALER_ExtensionPolicyHashP h_policy;
-
-  /**
-   * Time when this confirmation was generated / when the exchange received
-   * the deposit request.
-   */
-  struct GNUNET_TIME_Timestamp exchange_timestamp;
-
-  /**
-   * Exchange signature, set for #auditor_cb.
-   */
-  struct TALER_ExchangeSignatureP exchange_sig;
-
-  /**
-   * Exchange signing public key, set for #auditor_cb.
-   */
-  struct TALER_ExchangePublicKeyP exchange_pub;
-
-  /**
-   * Chance that we will inform the auditor about the deposit
-   * is 1:n, where the value of this field is "n".
-   */
-  unsigned int auditor_chance;
-
-};
-
-
-/**
- * Function called for each auditor to give us a chance to possibly
- * launch a deposit confirmation interaction.
- *
- * @param cls closure
- * @param ah handle to the auditor
- * @param auditor_pub public key of the auditor
- * @return NULL if no deposit confirmation interaction was launched
- */
-static struct TEAH_AuditorInteractionEntry *
-auditor_cb (void *cls,
-            struct TALER_AUDITOR_Handle *ah,
-            const struct TALER_AuditorPublicKeyP *auditor_pub)
-{
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_DepositHandle *dh = cls;
-  const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *key_state;
-  const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_SigningPublicKey *spk;
-  struct TEAH_AuditorInteractionEntry *aie;
-  struct TALER_Amount amount_without_fee;
-  const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_DenomPublicKey *dki;
-
-  if (0 !=
-      GNUNET_CRYPTO_random_u32 (GNUNET_CRYPTO_QUALITY_WEAK,
-                                dh->auditor_chance))
-  {
-    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_INFO,
-                "Not providing deposit confirmation to auditor\n");
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_INFO,
-              "Will provide deposit confirmation to auditor `%s'\n",
-              TALER_B2S (auditor_pub));
-  key_state = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_keys (dh->exchange);
-  dki = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_denomination_key_by_hash (key_state,
-                                                     &dh->cdd.h_denom_pub);
-  GNUNET_assert (NULL != dki);
-  spk = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_signing_key_info (key_state,
-                                             &dh->exchange_pub);
-  if (NULL == spk)
-  {
-    GNUNET_break_op (0);
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  GNUNET_assert (0 <=
-                 TALER_amount_subtract (&amount_without_fee,
-                                        &dh->cdd.amount,
-                                        &dki->fees.deposit));
-  aie = GNUNET_new (struct TEAH_AuditorInteractionEntry);
-  aie->dch = TALER_AUDITOR_deposit_confirmation (
-    ah,
-    &dh->h_wire,
-    &dh->h_policy,
-    &dh->dcd.h_contract_terms,
-    dh->exchange_timestamp,
-    dh->dcd.wire_deadline,
-    dh->dcd.refund_deadline,
-    &amount_without_fee,
-    &dh->cdd.coin_pub,
-    &dh->dcd.merchant_pub,
-    &dh->exchange_pub,
-    &dh->exchange_sig,
-    &key_state->master_pub,
-    spk->valid_from,
-    spk->valid_until,
-    spk->valid_legal,
-    &spk->master_sig,
-    &TEAH_acc_confirmation_cb,
-    aie);
-  return aie;
-}
-
-
-/**
- * Function called when we're done processing the
- * HTTP /deposit request.
- *
- * @param cls the `struct TALER_EXCHANGE_DepositHandle`
- * @param response_code HTTP response code, 0 on error
- * @param response parsed JSON result, NULL on error
- */
-static void
-handle_deposit_finished (void *cls,
-                         long response_code,
-                         const void *response)
-{
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_DepositHandle *dh = cls;
-  const json_t *j = response;
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_DepositResult dr = {
-    .hr.reply = j,
-    .hr.http_status = (unsigned int) response_code
-  };
-  const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys;
-
-  dh->job = NULL;
-  keys = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_keys (dh->exchange);
-  switch (response_code)
-  {
-  case 0:
-    dr.hr.ec = TALER_EC_GENERIC_INVALID_RESPONSE;
-    break;
-  case MHD_HTTP_OK:
-    {
-      const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *key_state;
-      struct GNUNET_JSON_Specification spec[] = {
-        GNUNET_JSON_spec_fixed_auto ("exchange_sig",
-                                     &dh->exchange_sig),
-        GNUNET_JSON_spec_fixed_auto ("exchange_pub",
-                                     &dh->exchange_pub),
-        GNUNET_JSON_spec_mark_optional (
-          GNUNET_JSON_spec_string ("transaction_base_url",
-                                   &dr.details.ok.transaction_base_url),
-          NULL),
-        GNUNET_JSON_spec_timestamp ("exchange_timestamp",
-                                    &dh->exchange_timestamp),
-        GNUNET_JSON_spec_end ()
-      };
-      struct TALER_Amount amount_without_fee;
-      const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_DenomPublicKey *dki;
-
-      if (GNUNET_OK !=
-          GNUNET_JSON_parse (j,
-                             spec,
-                             NULL, NULL))
-      {
-        GNUNET_break_op (0);
-        dr.hr.http_status = 0;
-        dr.hr.ec = TALER_EC_GENERIC_REPLY_MALFORMED;
-        break;
-      }
-      key_state = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_keys (dh->exchange);
-      dki = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_denomination_key_by_hash (key_state,
-                                                         &dh->cdd.h_denom_pub);
-      GNUNET_assert (NULL != dki);
-      if (GNUNET_OK !=
-          TALER_EXCHANGE_test_signing_key (key_state,
-                                           &dh->exchange_pub))
-      {
-        GNUNET_break_op (0);
-        dr.hr.http_status = 0;
-        dr.hr.ec = TALER_EC_EXCHANGE_DEPOSIT_INVALID_SIGNATURE_BY_EXCHANGE;
-        break;
-      }
-      GNUNET_assert (0 <=
-                     TALER_amount_subtract (&amount_without_fee,
-                                            &dh->cdd.amount,
-                                            &dki->fees.deposit));
-
-      if (GNUNET_OK !=
-          TALER_exchange_online_deposit_confirmation_verify (
-            &dh->dcd.h_contract_terms,
-            &dh->h_wire,
-            &dh->h_policy,
-            dh->exchange_timestamp,
-            dh->dcd.wire_deadline,
-            dh->dcd.refund_deadline,
-            &amount_without_fee,
-            &dh->cdd.coin_pub,
-            &dh->dcd.merchant_pub,
-            &dh->exchange_pub,
-            &dh->exchange_sig))
-      {
-        GNUNET_break_op (0);
-        dr.hr.http_status = 0;
-        dr.hr.ec = TALER_EC_EXCHANGE_DEPOSIT_INVALID_SIGNATURE_BY_EXCHANGE;
-        break;
-      }
-
-      TEAH_get_auditors_for_dc (dh->exchange,
-                                &auditor_cb,
-                                dh);
-    }
-    dr.details.ok.exchange_sig = &dh->exchange_sig;
-    dr.details.ok.exchange_pub = &dh->exchange_pub;
-    dr.details.ok.deposit_timestamp = dh->exchange_timestamp;
-    break;
-  case MHD_HTTP_BAD_REQUEST:
-    /* This should never happen, either us or the exchange is buggy
-       (or API version conflict); just pass JSON reply to the application */
-    dr.hr.ec = TALER_JSON_get_error_code (j);
-    dr.hr.hint = TALER_JSON_get_error_hint (j);
-    break;
-  case MHD_HTTP_FORBIDDEN:
-    dr.hr.ec = TALER_JSON_get_error_code (j);
-    dr.hr.hint = TALER_JSON_get_error_hint (j);
-    /* Nothing really to verify, exchange says one of the signatures is
-       invalid; as we checked them, this should never happen, we
-       should pass the JSON reply to the application */
-    break;
-  case MHD_HTTP_NOT_FOUND:
-    dr.hr.ec = TALER_JSON_get_error_code (j);
-    dr.hr.hint = TALER_JSON_get_error_hint (j);
-    /* Nothing really to verify, this should never
-       happen, we should pass the JSON reply to the application */
-    break;
-  case MHD_HTTP_CONFLICT:
-    {
-      const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *key_state;
-      const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_DenomPublicKey *dki;
-
-      key_state = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_keys (dh->exchange);
-      dki = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_denomination_key_by_hash (key_state,
-                                                         &dh->cdd.h_denom_pub);
-      GNUNET_assert (NULL != dki);
-      dr.hr.ec = TALER_JSON_get_error_code (j);
-      dr.hr.hint = TALER_JSON_get_error_hint (j);
-      if (GNUNET_OK !=
-          TALER_EXCHANGE_check_coin_conflict_ (
-            keys,
-            j,
-            dki,
-            &dh->cdd.coin_pub,
-            &dh->cdd.coin_sig,
-            &dh->cdd.amount))
-      {
-        GNUNET_break_op (0);
-        dr.hr.http_status = 0;
-        dr.hr.ec = TALER_EC_GENERIC_REPLY_MALFORMED;
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-    break;
-  case MHD_HTTP_GONE:
-    /* could happen if denomination was revoked */
-    /* Note: one might want to check /keys for revocation
-       signature here, alas tricky in case our /keys
-       is outdated => left to clients */
-    dr.hr.ec = TALER_JSON_get_error_code (j);
-    dr.hr.hint = TALER_JSON_get_error_hint (j);
-    break;
-  case MHD_HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR:
-    dr.hr.ec = TALER_JSON_get_error_code (j);
-    dr.hr.hint = TALER_JSON_get_error_hint (j);
-    /* Server had an internal issue; we should retry, but this API
-       leaves this to the application */
-    break;
-  default:
-    /* unexpected response code */
-    dr.hr.ec = TALER_JSON_get_error_code (j);
-    dr.hr.hint = TALER_JSON_get_error_hint (j);
-    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR,
-                "Unexpected response code %u/%d for exchange deposit\n",
-                (unsigned int) response_code,
-                dr.hr.ec);
-    GNUNET_break_op (0);
-    break;
-  }
-  dh->cb (dh->cb_cls,
-          &dr);
-  TALER_EXCHANGE_deposit_cancel (dh);
-}
-
-
-struct TALER_EXCHANGE_DepositHandle *
-TALER_EXCHANGE_deposit (
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
-  const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_DepositContractDetail *dcd,
-  const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_CoinDepositDetail *cdd,
-  TALER_EXCHANGE_DepositResultCallback cb,
-  void *cb_cls,
-  enum TALER_ErrorCode *ec)
-{
-  const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *key_state;
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_DepositHandle *dh;
-  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx;
-  json_t *deposit_obj;
-  CURL *eh;
-  const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_DenomPublicKey *dki;
-  struct TALER_Amount amount_without_fee;
-  char arg_str[sizeof (struct TALER_CoinSpendPublicKeyP) * 2 + 32];
-
-  GNUNET_assert (GNUNET_YES ==
-                 TEAH_handle_is_ready (exchange));
-  if (GNUNET_TIME_timestamp_cmp (dcd->refund_deadline,
-                                 >,
-                                 dcd->wire_deadline))
-  {
-    GNUNET_break_op (0);
-    *ec = TALER_EC_EXCHANGE_DEPOSIT_REFUND_DEADLINE_AFTER_WIRE_DEADLINE;
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  {
-    char pub_str[sizeof (struct TALER_CoinSpendPublicKeyP) * 2];
-    char *end;
-
-    end = GNUNET_STRINGS_data_to_string (
-      &cdd->coin_pub,
-      sizeof (struct TALER_CoinSpendPublicKeyP),
-      pub_str,
-      sizeof (pub_str));
-    *end = '\0';
-    GNUNET_snprintf (arg_str,
-                     sizeof (arg_str),
-                     "/coins/%s/deposit",
-                     pub_str);
-  }
-  key_state = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_keys (exchange);
-  dki = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_denomination_key_by_hash (key_state,
-                                                     &cdd->h_denom_pub);
-  if (NULL == dki)
-  {
-    *ec = TALER_EC_EXCHANGE_GENERIC_DENOMINATION_KEY_UNKNOWN;
-    GNUNET_break_op (0);
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  if (0 >
-      TALER_amount_subtract (&amount_without_fee,
-                             &cdd->amount,
-                             &dki->fees.deposit))
-  {
-    *ec = TALER_EC_EXCHANGE_DEPOSIT_FEE_ABOVE_AMOUNT;
-    GNUNET_break_op (0);
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  dh = GNUNET_new (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_DepositHandle);
-  dh->auditor_chance = AUDITOR_CHANCE;
-  dh->exchange = exchange;
-  dh->cb = cb;
-  dh->cb_cls = cb_cls;
-  dh->cdd = *cdd;
-  dh->dcd = *dcd;
-  if (NULL != dcd->policy_details)
-    TALER_deposit_policy_hash (dcd->policy_details,
-                               &dh->h_policy);
-  TALER_merchant_wire_signature_hash (dcd->merchant_payto_uri,
-                                      &dcd->wire_salt,
-                                      &dh->h_wire);
-  if (GNUNET_OK !=
-      TALER_EXCHANGE_verify_deposit_signature_ (dcd,
-                                                &dh->h_policy,
-                                                &dh->h_wire,
-                                                cdd,
-                                                dki))
-  {
-    *ec = TALER_EC_EXCHANGE_DEPOSIT_COIN_SIGNATURE_INVALID;
-    GNUNET_break_op (0);
-    GNUNET_free (dh);
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  dh->url = TEAH_path_to_url (exchange,
-                              arg_str);
-  if (NULL == dh->url)
-  {
-    GNUNET_break (0);
-    *ec = TALER_EC_GENERIC_ALLOCATION_FAILURE;
-    GNUNET_free (dh->url);
-    GNUNET_free (dh);
-    return NULL;
-  }
-
-  deposit_obj = GNUNET_JSON_PACK (
-    TALER_JSON_pack_amount ("contribution",
-                            &cdd->amount),
-    GNUNET_JSON_pack_string ("merchant_payto_uri",
-                             dcd->merchant_payto_uri),
-    GNUNET_JSON_pack_data_auto ("wire_salt",
-                                &dcd->wire_salt),
-    GNUNET_JSON_pack_data_auto ("h_contract_terms",
-                                &dcd->h_contract_terms),
-    GNUNET_JSON_pack_allow_null (
-      GNUNET_JSON_pack_data_auto ("h_age_commitment",
-                                  &cdd->h_age_commitment)),
-    GNUNET_JSON_pack_data_auto ("denom_pub_hash",
-                                &cdd->h_denom_pub),
-    TALER_JSON_pack_denom_sig ("ub_sig",
-                               &cdd->denom_sig),
-    GNUNET_JSON_pack_timestamp ("timestamp",
-                                dcd->timestamp),
-    GNUNET_JSON_pack_data_auto ("merchant_pub",
-                                &dcd->merchant_pub),
-    GNUNET_JSON_pack_allow_null (
-      GNUNET_JSON_pack_timestamp ("refund_deadline",
-                                  dcd->refund_deadline)),
-    GNUNET_JSON_pack_timestamp ("wire_transfer_deadline",
-                                dcd->wire_deadline),
-    GNUNET_JSON_pack_data_auto ("coin_sig",
-                                &cdd->coin_sig));
-  GNUNET_assert (NULL != deposit_obj);
-  eh = TALER_EXCHANGE_curl_easy_get_ (dh->url);
-  if ( (NULL == eh) ||
-       (GNUNET_OK !=
-        TALER_curl_easy_post (&dh->ctx,
-                              eh,
-                              deposit_obj)) )
-  {
-    *ec = TALER_EC_GENERIC_CURL_ALLOCATION_FAILURE;
-    GNUNET_break (0);
-    if (NULL != eh)
-      curl_easy_cleanup (eh);
-    json_decref (deposit_obj);
-    GNUNET_free (dh->url);
-    GNUNET_free (dh);
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  json_decref (deposit_obj);
-  GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
-              "URL for deposit: `%s'\n",
-              dh->url);
-  ctx = TEAH_handle_to_context (exchange);
-  dh->job = GNUNET_CURL_job_add2 (ctx,
-                                  eh,
-                                  dh->ctx.headers,
-                                  &handle_deposit_finished,
-                                  dh);
-  return dh;
-}
-
-
-void
-TALER_EXCHANGE_deposit_force_dc (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_DepositHandle *deposit)
-{
-  deposit->auditor_chance = 1;
-}
-
-
-void
-TALER_EXCHANGE_deposit_cancel (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_DepositHandle *deposit)
-{
-  if (NULL != deposit->job)
-  {
-    GNUNET_CURL_job_cancel (deposit->job);
-    deposit->job = NULL;
-  }
-  GNUNET_free (deposit->url);
-  TALER_curl_easy_post_finished (&deposit->ctx);
-  GNUNET_free (deposit);
-}
-
-
-/* end of exchange_api_deposit.c */
diff --git a/src/lib/exchange_api_deposits_get.c b/src/lib/exchange_api_deposits_get.c
index 9ec25e45a..8b145dabd 100644
--- a/src/lib/exchange_api_deposits_get.c
+++ b/src/lib/exchange_api_deposits_get.c
@@ -39,9 +39,9 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_DepositGetHandle
 {
 
   /**
-   * The connection to exchange this request handle will use
+   * The keys of the this request handle will use
    */
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange;
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys;
 
   /**
    * The url for this request.
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ handle_deposit_wtid_finished (void *cls,
       };
       const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *key_state;
 
-      key_state = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_keys (dwh->exchange);
+      key_state = dwh->keys;
       GNUNET_assert (NULL != key_state);
       if (GNUNET_OK !=
           GNUNET_JSON_parse (j,
@@ -255,7 +255,9 @@ handle_deposit_wtid_finished (void *cls,
 
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_DepositGetHandle *
 TALER_EXCHANGE_deposits_get (
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys,
   const struct TALER_MerchantPrivateKeyP *merchant_priv,
   const struct TALER_MerchantWireHashP *h_wire,
   const struct TALER_PrivateContractHashP *h_contract_terms,
@@ -267,7 +269,6 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_deposits_get (
   struct TALER_MerchantPublicKeyP merchant;
   struct TALER_MerchantSignatureP merchant_sig;
   struct TALER_EXCHANGE_DepositGetHandle *dwh;
-  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx;
   CURL *eh;
   char arg_str[(sizeof (struct TALER_CoinSpendPublicKeyP)
                 + sizeof (struct TALER_MerchantWireHashP)
@@ -275,12 +276,6 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_deposits_get (
                 + sizeof (struct TALER_PrivateContractHashP)
                 + sizeof (struct TALER_MerchantSignatureP)) * 2 + 48];
 
-  if (GNUNET_YES !=
-      TEAH_handle_is_ready (exchange))
-  {
-    GNUNET_break (0);
-    return NULL;
-  }
   GNUNET_CRYPTO_eddsa_key_get_public (&merchant_priv->eddsa_priv,
                                       &merchant.eddsa_pub);
   TALER_merchant_deposit_sign (h_contract_terms,
@@ -339,7 +334,7 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_deposits_get (
 
     GNUNET_snprintf (arg_str,
                      sizeof (arg_str),
-                     "/deposits/%s/%s/%s/%s?merchant_sig=%s%s%s",
+                     "deposits/%s/%s/%s/%s?merchant_sig=%s%s%s",
                      whash_str,
                      mpub_str,
                      chash_str,
@@ -352,11 +347,11 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_deposits_get (
   }
 
   dwh = GNUNET_new (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_DepositGetHandle);
-  dwh->exchange = exchange;
   dwh->cb = cb;
   dwh->cb_cls = cb_cls;
-  dwh->url = TEAH_path_to_url (exchange,
-                               arg_str);
+  dwh->url = TALER_url_join (url,
+                             arg_str,
+                             NULL);
   if (NULL == dwh->url)
   {
     GNUNET_free (dwh);
@@ -365,7 +360,6 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_deposits_get (
   dwh->h_wire = *h_wire;
   dwh->h_contract_terms = *h_contract_terms;
   dwh->coin_pub = *coin_pub;
-
   eh = TALER_EXCHANGE_curl_easy_get_ (dwh->url);
   if (NULL == eh)
   {
@@ -374,11 +368,11 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_deposits_get (
     GNUNET_free (dwh);
     return NULL;
   }
-  ctx = TEAH_handle_to_context (exchange);
   dwh->job = GNUNET_CURL_job_add (ctx,
                                   eh,
                                   &handle_deposit_wtid_finished,
                                   dwh);
+  dwh->keys = TALER_EXCHANGE_keys_incref (keys);
   return dwh;
 }
 
@@ -393,6 +387,7 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_deposits_get_cancel (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_DepositGetHandle *dwh)
   }
   GNUNET_free (dwh->url);
   TALER_curl_easy_post_finished (&dwh->ctx);
+  TALER_EXCHANGE_keys_decref (dwh->keys);
   GNUNET_free (dwh);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/lib/exchange_api_handle.c b/src/lib/exchange_api_handle.c
index 20bac43a0..fe73f0504 100644
--- a/src/lib/exchange_api_handle.c
+++ b/src/lib/exchange_api_handle.c
@@ -110,17 +110,7 @@ struct TEAH_AuditorListEntry
   /**
    * Handle to the auditor.
    */
-  struct TALER_AUDITOR_Handle *ah;
-
-  /**
-   * Head of DLL of interactions with this auditor.
-   */
-  struct TEAH_AuditorInteractionEntry *ai_head;
-
-  /**
-   * Tail of DLL of interactions with this auditor.
-   */
-  struct TEAH_AuditorInteractionEntry *ai_tail;
+  struct TALER_AUDITOR_GetConfigHandle *ah;
 
   /**
    * Public key of the auditor.
@@ -168,57 +158,24 @@ struct KeysRequest
 
 
 void
-TEAH_acc_confirmation_cb (void *cls,
-                          const struct TALER_AUDITOR_HttpResponse *hr)
-{
-  struct TEAH_AuditorInteractionEntry *aie = cls;
-  struct TEAH_AuditorListEntry *ale = aie->ale;
-
-  if (MHD_HTTP_OK != hr->http_status)
-  {
-    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
-                "Failed to submit deposit confirmation to auditor `%s' with HTTP status %d (EC: %d). This is acceptable if it does not happen often.\n",
-                ale->auditor_url,
-                hr->http_status,
-                hr->ec);
-  }
-  GNUNET_CONTAINER_DLL_remove (ale->ai_head,
-                               ale->ai_tail,
-                               aie);
-  GNUNET_free (aie);
-}
-
-
-void
-TEAH_get_auditors_for_dc (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *h,
+TEAH_get_auditors_for_dc (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys,
                           TEAH_AuditorCallback ac,
                           void *ac_cls)
 {
-  if (NULL == h->auditors_head)
+  if (0 == keys->num_auditors)
   {
     GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_INFO,
-                "No auditor available for exchange `%s'. Not submitting deposit confirmations.\n",
-                h->url);
+                "No auditor available. Not submitting deposit confirmations.\n");
     return;
   }
-  for (struct TEAH_AuditorListEntry *ale = h->auditors_head;
-       NULL != ale;
-       ale = ale->next)
+  for (unsigned int i = 0; i<keys->num_auditors; i++)
   {
-    struct TEAH_AuditorInteractionEntry *aie;
+    const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_AuditorInformation *auditor
+      = &keys->auditors[i];
 
-    if (! ale->is_up)
-      continue;
-    aie = ac (ac_cls,
-              ale->ah,
-              &ale->auditor_pub);
-    if (NULL != aie)
-    {
-      aie->ale = ale;
-      GNUNET_CONTAINER_DLL_insert (ale->ai_head,
-                                   ale->ai_tail,
-                                   aie);
-    }
+    ac (ac_cls,
+        auditor->auditor_url,
+        &auditor->auditor_pub);
   }
 }
 
@@ -579,21 +536,18 @@ parse_global_fee (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_GlobalFee *gf,
  * auditor as 'up'.
  *
  * @param cls closure, a `struct TEAH_AuditorListEntry *`
- * @param hr http response from the auditor
- * @param vi basic information about the auditor
- * @param compat protocol compatibility information
+ * @param vr response from the auditor
  */
 static void
-auditor_version_cb (
+auditor_config_cb (
   void *cls,
-  const struct TALER_AUDITOR_HttpResponse *hr,
-  const struct TALER_AUDITOR_VersionInformation *vi,
-  enum TALER_AUDITOR_VersionCompatibility compat)
+  const struct TALER_AUDITOR_ConfigResponse *vr)
 {
   struct TEAH_AuditorListEntry *ale = cls;
+  enum TALER_AUDITOR_VersionCompatibility compat;
 
-  (void) hr;
-  if (NULL == vi)
+  ale->ah = NULL;
+  if (MHD_HTTP_OK != vr->hr.http_status)
   {
     /* In this case, we don't mark the auditor as 'up' */
     GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
@@ -601,7 +555,7 @@ auditor_version_cb (
                 ale->auditor_url);
     return;
   }
-
+  compat = vr->details.ok.compat;
   if (0 != (TALER_AUDITOR_VC_INCOMPATIBLE & compat))
   {
     GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
@@ -667,10 +621,10 @@ update_auditors (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange)
     GNUNET_CONTAINER_DLL_insert (exchange->auditors_head,
                                  exchange->auditors_tail,
                                  ale);
-    ale->ah = TALER_AUDITOR_connect (exchange->ctx,
-                                     ale->auditor_url,
-                                     &auditor_version_cb,
-                                     ale);
+    ale->ah = TALER_AUDITOR_get_config (exchange->ctx,
+                                        ale->auditor_url,
+                                        &auditor_config_cb,
+                                        ale);
   }
 }
 
@@ -2123,26 +2077,14 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_disconnect (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange)
 
   while (NULL != (ale = exchange->auditors_head))
   {
-    struct TEAH_AuditorInteractionEntry *aie;
-
-    while (NULL != (aie = ale->ai_head))
-    {
-      GNUNET_assert (aie->ale == ale);
-      GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_INFO,
-                  "Not sending deposit confirmation to auditor `%s' due to exchange disconnect\n",
-                  ale->auditor_url);
-      TALER_AUDITOR_deposit_confirmation_cancel (aie->dch);
-      GNUNET_CONTAINER_DLL_remove (ale->ai_head,
-                                   ale->ai_tail,
-                                   aie);
-      GNUNET_free (aie);
-    }
     GNUNET_CONTAINER_DLL_remove (exchange->auditors_head,
                                  exchange->auditors_tail,
                                  ale);
-    TALER_LOG_DEBUG ("Disconnecting the auditor `%s'\n",
-                     ale->auditor_url);
-    TALER_AUDITOR_disconnect (ale->ah);
+    if (NULL != ale->ah)
+    {
+      TALER_AUDITOR_get_config_cancel (ale->ah);
+      ale->ah = NULL;
+    }
     GNUNET_free (ale->auditor_url);
     GNUNET_free (ale);
   }
@@ -2275,7 +2217,7 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_get_denomination_key_by_hash (
 }
 
 
-const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *
+struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *
 TALER_EXCHANGE_get_keys (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange)
 {
   (void) TALER_EXCHANGE_check_keys_current (exchange,
@@ -2297,4 +2239,33 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_get_keys_raw (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange)
 }
 
 
+/**
+ * Obtain the keys from the exchange in the raw JSON format.
+ *
+ * @param keys the keys structure
+ * @return the keys in raw JSON
+ */
+json_t *
+TALER_EXCHANGE_keys_to_json (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys)
+{
+  // FIXME!
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+
+struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *
+TALER_EXCHANGE_keys_incref (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys)
+{
+  // FIXME
+  return keys;
+}
+
+
+void
+TALER_EXCHANGE_keys_decref (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys)
+{
+  // FIXME
+}
+
+
 /* end of exchange_api_handle.c */
diff --git a/src/lib/exchange_api_handle.h b/src/lib/exchange_api_handle.h
index 3b1d875fb..6b96e21eb 100644
--- a/src/lib/exchange_api_handle.h
+++ b/src/lib/exchange_api_handle.h
@@ -35,32 +35,6 @@ struct TEAH_AuditorListEntry;
 
 
 /**
- * Entry in list of ongoing interactions with an auditor.
- */
-struct TEAH_AuditorInteractionEntry
-{
-  /**
-   * DLL entry.
-   */
-  struct TEAH_AuditorInteractionEntry *next;
-
-  /**
-   * DLL entry.
-   */
-  struct TEAH_AuditorInteractionEntry *prev;
-
-  /**
-   * Which auditor is this action associated with?
-   */
-  struct TEAH_AuditorListEntry *ale;
-
-  /**
-   * Interaction state.
-   */
-  struct TALER_AUDITOR_DepositConfirmationHandle *dch;
-};
-
-/**
  * Stages of initialization for the `struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle`
  */
 enum ExchangeHandleState
@@ -178,39 +152,26 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle
  * launch a deposit confirmation interaction.
  *
  * @param cls closure
- * @param ah handle to the auditor
+ * @param auditor_url base URL of the auditor
  * @param auditor_pub public key of the auditor
- * @return NULL if no deposit confirmation interaction was launched
  */
-typedef struct TEAH_AuditorInteractionEntry *
+typedef void
 (*TEAH_AuditorCallback)(void *cls,
-                        struct TALER_AUDITOR_Handle *ah,
+                        const char *auditor_url,
                         const struct TALER_AuditorPublicKeyP *auditor_pub);
 
 
 /**
- * Signature of functions called with the result from our call to the
- * auditor's /deposit-confirmation handler.
- *
- * @param cls closure of type `struct TEAH_AuditorInteractionEntry *`
- * @param hr HTTP response
- */
-void
-TEAH_acc_confirmation_cb (void *cls,
-                          const struct TALER_AUDITOR_HttpResponse *hr);
-
-
-/**
  * Iterate over all available auditors for @a h, calling
  * @a ac and giving it a chance to start a deposit
  * confirmation interaction.
  *
- * @param h exchange to go over auditors for
+ * @param keys the keys to go over auditors for
  * @param ac function to call per auditor
  * @param ac_cls closure for @a ac
  */
 void
-TEAH_get_auditors_for_dc (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *h,
+TEAH_get_auditors_for_dc (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys,
                           TEAH_AuditorCallback ac,
                           void *ac_cls);
 
diff --git a/src/lib/exchange_api_kyc_proof.c b/src/lib/exchange_api_kyc_proof.c
index 1298df4fd..e7cc9c4cf 100644
--- a/src/lib/exchange_api_kyc_proof.c
+++ b/src/lib/exchange_api_kyc_proof.c
@@ -37,11 +37,6 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_KycProofHandle
 {
 
   /**
-   * The connection to exchange this request handle will use
-   */
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange;
-
-  /**
    * The url for this request.
    */
   char *url;
@@ -140,27 +135,22 @@ handle_kyc_proof_finished (void *cls,
 
 
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_KycProofHandle *
-TALER_EXCHANGE_kyc_proof (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
-                          const struct TALER_PaytoHashP *h_payto,
-                          const char *logic,
-                          const char *args,
-                          TALER_EXCHANGE_KycProofCallback cb,
-                          void *cb_cls)
+TALER_EXCHANGE_kyc_proof (
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
+  const struct TALER_PaytoHashP *h_payto,
+  const char *logic,
+  const char *args,
+  TALER_EXCHANGE_KycProofCallback cb,
+  void *cb_cls)
 {
   struct TALER_EXCHANGE_KycProofHandle *kph;
-  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx;
   char *arg_str;
 
   if (NULL == args)
     args = "";
   else
     GNUNET_assert (args[0] == '&');
-  if (GNUNET_YES !=
-      TEAH_handle_is_ready (exchange))
-  {
-    GNUNET_break (0);
-    return NULL;
-  }
   {
     char hstr[sizeof (struct TALER_PaytoHashP) * 2];
     char *end;
@@ -171,17 +161,17 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_kyc_proof (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
                                          sizeof (hstr));
     *end = '\0';
     GNUNET_asprintf (&arg_str,
-                     "/kyc-proof/%s?state=%s%s",
+                     "kyc-proof/%s?state=%s%s",
                      logic,
                      hstr,
                      args);
   }
   kph = GNUNET_new (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_KycProofHandle);
-  kph->exchange = exchange;
   kph->cb = cb;
   kph->cb_cls = cb_cls;
-  kph->url = TEAH_path_to_url (exchange,
-                               arg_str);
+  kph->url = TALER_url_join (url,
+                             arg_str,
+                             NULL);
   GNUNET_free (arg_str);
   if (NULL == kph->url)
   {
@@ -202,7 +192,6 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_kyc_proof (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
                  curl_easy_setopt (kph->eh,
                                    CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION,
                                    0L));
-  ctx = TEAH_handle_to_context (exchange);
   kph->job = GNUNET_CURL_job_add_raw (ctx,
                                       kph->eh,
                                       NULL,
diff --git a/src/lib/exchange_api_kyc_wallet.c b/src/lib/exchange_api_kyc_wallet.c
index 56794b94e..7197694ae 100644
--- a/src/lib/exchange_api_kyc_wallet.c
+++ b/src/lib/exchange_api_kyc_wallet.c
@@ -43,11 +43,6 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_KycWalletHandle
   struct TALER_CURL_PostContext ctx;
 
   /**
-   * The connection to exchange this request handle will use
-   */
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange;
-
-  /**
    * The url for this request.
    */
   char *url;
@@ -154,16 +149,17 @@ handle_kyc_wallet_finished (void *cls,
 
 
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_KycWalletHandle *
-TALER_EXCHANGE_kyc_wallet (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
-                           const struct TALER_ReservePrivateKeyP *reserve_priv,
-                           const struct TALER_Amount *balance,
-                           TALER_EXCHANGE_KycWalletCallback cb,
-                           void *cb_cls)
+TALER_EXCHANGE_kyc_wallet (
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
+  const struct TALER_ReservePrivateKeyP *reserve_priv,
+  const struct TALER_Amount *balance,
+  TALER_EXCHANGE_KycWalletCallback cb,
+  void *cb_cls)
 {
   struct TALER_EXCHANGE_KycWalletHandle *kwh;
   CURL *eh;
   json_t *req;
-  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx;
   struct TALER_ReservePublicKeyP reserve_pub;
   struct TALER_ReserveSignatureP reserve_sig;
 
@@ -181,18 +177,17 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_kyc_wallet (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
                                 &reserve_sig));
   GNUNET_assert (NULL != req);
   kwh = GNUNET_new (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_KycWalletHandle);
-  kwh->exchange = exchange;
   kwh->cb = cb;
   kwh->cb_cls = cb_cls;
-  kwh->url = TEAH_path_to_url (exchange,
-                               "/kyc-wallet");
+  kwh->url = TALER_url_join (url,
+                             "kyc-wallet",
+                             NULL);
   if (NULL == kwh->url)
   {
     json_decref (req);
     GNUNET_free (kwh);
     return NULL;
   }
-  ctx = TEAH_handle_to_context (exchange);
   eh = TALER_EXCHANGE_curl_easy_get_ (kwh->url);
   if ( (NULL == eh) ||
        (GNUNET_OK !=
diff --git a/src/lib/exchange_api_link.c b/src/lib/exchange_api_link.c
index c2b7ac0b4..04beeb296 100644
--- a/src/lib/exchange_api_link.c
+++ b/src/lib/exchange_api_link.c
@@ -37,11 +37,6 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_LinkHandle
 {
 
   /**
-   * The connection to exchange this request handle will use
-   */
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange;
-
-  /**
    * The url for this request.
    */
   char *url;
@@ -451,26 +446,19 @@ handle_link_finished (void *cls,
 
 
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_LinkHandle *
-TALER_EXCHANGE_link (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
-                     const struct TALER_CoinSpendPrivateKeyP *coin_priv,
-                     const struct
-                     TALER_AgeCommitmentProof *age_commitment_proof,
-                     TALER_EXCHANGE_LinkCallback link_cb,
-                     void *link_cb_cls)
+TALER_EXCHANGE_link (
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
+  const struct TALER_CoinSpendPrivateKeyP *coin_priv,
+  const struct TALER_AgeCommitmentProof *age_commitment_proof,
+  TALER_EXCHANGE_LinkCallback link_cb,
+  void *link_cb_cls)
 {
   struct TALER_EXCHANGE_LinkHandle *lh;
   CURL *eh;
-  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx;
   struct TALER_CoinSpendPublicKeyP coin_pub;
   char arg_str[sizeof (struct TALER_CoinSpendPublicKeyP) * 2 + 32];
 
-  if (GNUNET_YES !=
-      TEAH_handle_is_ready (exchange))
-  {
-    GNUNET_break (0);
-    return NULL;
-  }
-
   GNUNET_CRYPTO_eddsa_key_get_public (&coin_priv->eddsa_priv,
                                       &coin_pub.eddsa_pub);
   {
@@ -485,17 +473,17 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_link (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
     *end = '\0';
     GNUNET_snprintf (arg_str,
                      sizeof (arg_str),
-                     "/coins/%s/link",
+                     "coins/%s/link",
                      pub_str);
   }
   lh = GNUNET_new (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_LinkHandle);
-  lh->exchange = exchange;
   lh->link_cb = link_cb;
   lh->link_cb_cls = link_cb_cls;
   lh->coin_priv = *coin_priv;
   lh->age_commitment_proof = age_commitment_proof;
-  lh->url = TEAH_path_to_url (exchange,
-                              arg_str);
+  lh->url = TALER_url_join (url,
+                            arg_str,
+                            NULL);
   if (NULL == lh->url)
   {
     GNUNET_free (lh);
@@ -509,7 +497,6 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_link (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
     GNUNET_free (lh);
     return NULL;
   }
-  ctx = TEAH_handle_to_context (exchange);
   lh->job = GNUNET_CURL_job_add_with_ct_json (ctx,
                                               eh,
                                               &handle_link_finished,
diff --git a/src/lib/exchange_api_melt.c b/src/lib/exchange_api_melt.c
index 3a8144a3c..1da4184d2 100644
--- a/src/lib/exchange_api_melt.c
+++ b/src/lib/exchange_api_melt.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
   This file is part of TALER
-  Copyright (C) 2015-2022 Taler Systems SA
+  Copyright (C) 2015-2023 Taler Systems SA
 
   TALER is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
   terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
@@ -41,9 +41,9 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_MeltHandle
 {
 
   /**
-   * The connection to exchange this request handle will use
+   * The keys of the this request handle will use
    */
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange;
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys;
 
   /**
    * The url for this request.
@@ -51,6 +51,16 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_MeltHandle
   char *url;
 
   /**
+   * The exchange base url.
+   */
+  char *exchange_url;
+
+  /**
+   * Curl context.
+   */
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *cctx;
+
+  /**
    * Context for #TEH_curl_easy_post(). Keeps the data that must
    * persist for Curl to make the upload.
    */
@@ -159,7 +169,7 @@ verify_melt_signature_ok (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_MeltHandle *mh,
     return GNUNET_SYSERR;
   }
   /* check that exchange signing key is permitted */
-  key_state = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_keys (mh->exchange);
+  key_state = mh->keys;
   if (GNUNET_OK !=
       TALER_EXCHANGE_test_signing_key (key_state,
                                        exchange_pub))
@@ -211,7 +221,7 @@ handle_melt_finished (void *cls,
   const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys;
 
   mh->job = NULL;
-  keys = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_keys (mh->exchange);
+  keys = mh->keys;
   switch (response_code)
   {
   case 0:
@@ -309,7 +319,6 @@ start_melt (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_MeltHandle *mh)
   const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *key_state;
   json_t *melt_obj;
   CURL *eh;
-  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx;
   char arg_str[sizeof (struct TALER_CoinSpendPublicKeyP) * 2 + 32];
   struct TALER_DenominationHashP h_denom_pub;
   struct TALER_ExchangeWithdrawValues alg_values[mh->rd->fresh_pks_len];
@@ -371,19 +380,19 @@ start_melt (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_MeltHandle *mh)
     *end = '\0';
     GNUNET_snprintf (arg_str,
                      sizeof (arg_str),
-                     "/coins/%s/melt",
+                     "coins/%s/melt",
                      pub_str);
   }
 
-  ctx = TEAH_handle_to_context (mh->exchange);
-  key_state = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_keys (mh->exchange);
+  key_state = mh->keys;
   mh->dki = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_denomination_key (key_state,
                                                  &mh->md.melted_coin.pub_key);
 
   /* and now we can at last begin the actual request handling */
 
-  mh->url = TEAH_path_to_url (mh->exchange,
-                              arg_str);
+  mh->url = TALER_url_join (mh->exchange_url,
+                            arg_str,
+                            NULL);
   if (NULL == mh->url)
   {
     json_decref (melt_obj);
@@ -403,7 +412,7 @@ start_melt (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_MeltHandle *mh)
     return GNUNET_SYSERR;
   }
   json_decref (melt_obj);
-  mh->job = GNUNET_CURL_job_add2 (ctx,
+  mh->job = GNUNET_CURL_job_add2 (mh->cctx,
                                   eh,
                                   mh->ctx.headers,
                                   &handle_melt_finished,
@@ -496,11 +505,14 @@ csr_cb (void *cls,
 
 
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_MeltHandle *
-TALER_EXCHANGE_melt (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
-                     const struct TALER_RefreshMasterSecretP *rms,
-                     const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_RefreshData *rd,
-                     TALER_EXCHANGE_MeltCallback melt_cb,
-                     void *melt_cb_cls)
+TALER_EXCHANGE_melt (
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys,
+  const struct TALER_RefreshMasterSecretP *rms,
+  const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_RefreshData *rd,
+  TALER_EXCHANGE_MeltCallback melt_cb,
+  void *melt_cb_cls)
 {
   struct TALER_EXCHANGE_NonceKey nks[GNUNET_NZL (rd->fresh_pks_len)];
   unsigned int nks_off = 0;
@@ -511,11 +523,10 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_melt (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
     GNUNET_break (0);
     return NULL;
   }
-  GNUNET_assert (GNUNET_YES ==
-                 TEAH_handle_is_ready (exchange));
   mh = GNUNET_new (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_MeltHandle);
   mh->noreveal_index = TALER_CNC_KAPPA; /* invalid value */
-  mh->exchange = exchange;
+  mh->cctx = ctx;
+  mh->exchange_url = GNUNET_strdup (url);
   mh->rd = rd;
   mh->rms = *rms;
   mh->melt_cb = melt_cb;
@@ -545,9 +556,11 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_melt (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
       break;
     }
   }
+  mh->keys = TALER_EXCHANGE_keys_incref (keys);
   if (0 != nks_off)
   {
-    mh->csr = TALER_EXCHANGE_csr_melt (exchange,
+    mh->csr = TALER_EXCHANGE_csr_melt (ctx,
+                                       url,
                                        rms,
                                        nks_off,
                                        nks,
@@ -588,7 +601,9 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_melt_cancel (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_MeltHandle *mh)
   TALER_EXCHANGE_free_melt_data_ (&mh->md); /* does not free 'md' itself */
   GNUNET_free (mh->mbds);
   GNUNET_free (mh->url);
+  GNUNET_free (mh->exchange_url);
   TALER_curl_easy_post_finished (&mh->ctx);
+  TALER_EXCHANGE_keys_decref (mh->keys);
   GNUNET_free (mh);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/lib/exchange_api_purse_create_with_deposit.c b/src/lib/exchange_api_purse_create_with_deposit.c
index a2618d639..af05bf923 100644
--- a/src/lib/exchange_api_purse_create_with_deposit.c
+++ b/src/lib/exchange_api_purse_create_with_deposit.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
    This file is part of TALER
-   Copyright (C) 2022 Taler Systems SA
+   Copyright (C) 2022-2023 Taler Systems SA
 
    TALER is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
    terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
@@ -73,9 +73,9 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_PurseCreateDepositHandle
 {
 
   /**
-   * The connection to exchange this request handle will use
+   * The keys of the exchange this request handle will use
    */
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange;
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys;
 
   /**
    * The url for this request.
@@ -83,6 +83,11 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_PurseCreateDepositHandle
   char *url;
 
   /**
+   * The base URL of the exchange.
+   */
+  char *exchange_url;
+
+  /**
    * Context for #TEH_curl_easy_post(). Keeps the data that must
    * persist for Curl to make the upload.
    */
@@ -170,10 +175,9 @@ handle_purse_create_deposit_finished (void *cls,
     .hr.reply = j,
     .hr.http_status = (unsigned int) response_code
   };
-  const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys;
+  const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys = pch->keys;
 
   pch->job = NULL;
-  keys = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_keys (pch->exchange);
   switch (response_code)
   {
   case 0:
@@ -181,7 +185,6 @@ handle_purse_create_deposit_finished (void *cls,
     break;
   case MHD_HTTP_OK:
     {
-      const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *key_state;
       struct GNUNET_TIME_Timestamp etime;
       struct TALER_Amount total_deposited;
       struct TALER_ExchangeSignatureP exchange_sig;
@@ -209,9 +212,8 @@ handle_purse_create_deposit_finished (void *cls,
         dr.hr.ec = TALER_EC_GENERIC_REPLY_MALFORMED;
         break;
       }
-      key_state = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_keys (pch->exchange);
       if (GNUNET_OK !=
-          TALER_EXCHANGE_test_signing_key (key_state,
+          TALER_EXCHANGE_test_signing_key (keys,
                                            &exchange_pub))
       {
         GNUNET_break_op (0);
@@ -387,7 +389,7 @@ handle_purse_create_deposit_finished (void *cls,
           if (GNUNET_OK !=
               TALER_EXCHANGE_check_purse_coin_conflict_ (
                 &pch->purse_pub,
-                pch->exchange->url,
+                pch->exchange_url,
                 j,
                 &h_denom_pub,
                 &phac,
@@ -496,7 +498,9 @@ handle_purse_create_deposit_finished (void *cls,
 
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_PurseCreateDepositHandle *
 TALER_EXCHANGE_purse_create_with_deposit (
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys,
   const struct TALER_PurseContractPrivateKeyP *purse_priv,
   const struct TALER_PurseMergePrivateKeyP *merge_priv,
   const struct TALER_ContractDiffiePrivateP *contract_priv,
@@ -508,16 +512,13 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_purse_create_with_deposit (
   void *cb_cls)
 {
   struct TALER_EXCHANGE_PurseCreateDepositHandle *pch;
-  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx;
   json_t *create_obj;
   json_t *deposit_arr;
   CURL *eh;
   char arg_str[sizeof (pch->purse_pub) * 2 + 32];
-  char *url;
   uint32_t min_age = 0;
 
   pch = GNUNET_new (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_PurseCreateDepositHandle);
-  pch->exchange = exchange;
   pch->cb = cb;
   pch->cb_cls = cb_cls;
   {
@@ -542,8 +543,6 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_purse_create_with_deposit (
       return NULL;
     }
   }
-  GNUNET_assert (GNUNET_YES ==
-                 TEAH_handle_is_ready (exchange));
   if (GNUNET_OK !=
       TALER_JSON_contract_hash (contract_terms,
                                 &pch->h_contract_terms))
@@ -565,13 +564,14 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_purse_create_with_deposit (
     *end = '\0';
     GNUNET_snprintf (arg_str,
                      sizeof (arg_str),
-                     "/purses/%s/create",
+                     "purses/%s/create",
                      pub_str);
   }
   GNUNET_CRYPTO_eddsa_key_get_public (&merge_priv->eddsa_priv,
                                       &pch->merge_pub.eddsa_pub);
-  pch->url = TEAH_path_to_url (exchange,
-                               arg_str);
+  pch->url = TALER_url_join (url,
+                             arg_str,
+                             NULL);
   if (NULL == pch->url)
   {
     GNUNET_break (0);
@@ -583,8 +583,6 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_purse_create_with_deposit (
                                     struct Deposit);
   deposit_arr = json_array ();
   GNUNET_assert (NULL != deposit_arr);
-  url = TEAH_path_to_url (exchange,
-                          "/");
   GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_INFO,
               "Signing with URL `%s'\n",
               url);
@@ -610,7 +608,6 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_purse_create_with_deposit (
       {
         GNUNET_break (0);
         json_decref (deposit_arr);
-        GNUNET_free (url);
         GNUNET_free (pch);
         return NULL;
       }
@@ -648,7 +645,6 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_purse_create_with_deposit (
                    json_array_append_new (deposit_arr,
                                           jdeposit));
   }
-  GNUNET_free (url);
   TALER_wallet_purse_create_sign (pch->purse_expiration,
                                   &pch->h_contract_terms,
                                   &pch->merge_pub,
@@ -714,7 +710,8 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_purse_create_with_deposit (
   GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
               "URL for purse create with deposit: `%s'\n",
               pch->url);
-  ctx = TEAH_handle_to_context (exchange);
+  pch->keys = TALER_EXCHANGE_keys_incref (keys);
+  pch->exchange_url = GNUNET_strdup (url);
   pch->job = GNUNET_CURL_job_add2 (ctx,
                                    eh,
                                    pch->ctx.headers,
@@ -734,8 +731,10 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_purse_create_with_deposit_cancel (
     pch->job = NULL;
   }
   GNUNET_free (pch->econtract.econtract);
+  GNUNET_free (pch->exchange_url);
   GNUNET_free (pch->url);
   GNUNET_free (pch->deposits);
+  TALER_EXCHANGE_keys_decref (pch->keys);
   TALER_curl_easy_post_finished (&pch->ctx);
   GNUNET_free (pch);
 }
diff --git a/src/lib/exchange_api_purse_create_with_merge.c b/src/lib/exchange_api_purse_create_with_merge.c
index 460239fc8..0c8878342 100644
--- a/src/lib/exchange_api_purse_create_with_merge.c
+++ b/src/lib/exchange_api_purse_create_with_merge.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
    This file is part of TALER
-   Copyright (C) 2022 Taler Systems SA
+   Copyright (C) 2022-2023 Taler Systems SA
 
    TALER is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
    terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
@@ -41,9 +41,9 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_PurseCreateMergeHandle
 {
 
   /**
-   * The connection to exchange this request handle will use
+   * The keys of the exchange this request handle will use
    */
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange;
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys;
 
   /**
    * The url for this request.
@@ -51,6 +51,11 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_PurseCreateMergeHandle
   char *url;
 
   /**
+   * The exchange base URL.
+   */
+  char *exchange_url;
+
+  /**
    * Context for #TEH_curl_easy_post(). Keeps the data that must
    * persist for Curl to make the upload.
    */
@@ -157,7 +162,6 @@ handle_purse_create_with_merge_finished (void *cls,
     break;
   case MHD_HTTP_OK:
     {
-      const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *key_state;
       struct GNUNET_TIME_Timestamp etime;
       struct TALER_Amount total_deposited;
       struct TALER_ExchangeSignatureP exchange_sig;
@@ -184,9 +188,8 @@ handle_purse_create_with_merge_finished (void *cls,
         dr.hr.ec = TALER_EC_GENERIC_REPLY_MALFORMED;
         break;
       }
-      key_state = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_keys (pcm->exchange);
       if (GNUNET_OK !=
-          TALER_EXCHANGE_test_signing_key (key_state,
+          TALER_EXCHANGE_test_signing_key (pcm->keys,
                                            &exchange_pub))
       {
         GNUNET_break_op (0);
@@ -253,7 +256,7 @@ handle_purse_create_with_merge_finished (void *cls,
             &pcm->merge_sig,
             &pcm->merge_pub,
             &pcm->purse_pub,
-            pcm->exchange->url,
+            pcm->exchange_url,
             j))
       {
         GNUNET_break_op (0);
@@ -340,7 +343,9 @@ handle_purse_create_with_merge_finished (void *cls,
 
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_PurseCreateMergeHandle *
 TALER_EXCHANGE_purse_create_with_merge (
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys,
   const struct TALER_ReservePrivateKeyP *reserve_priv,
   const struct TALER_PurseContractPrivateKeyP *purse_priv,
   const struct TALER_PurseMergePrivateKeyP *merge_priv,
@@ -353,7 +358,6 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_purse_create_with_merge (
   void *cb_cls)
 {
   struct TALER_EXCHANGE_PurseCreateMergeHandle *pcm;
-  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx;
   json_t *create_with_merge_obj;
   CURL *eh;
   char arg_str[sizeof (pcm->reserve_pub) * 2 + 32];
@@ -362,7 +366,6 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_purse_create_with_merge (
   enum TALER_WalletAccountMergeFlags flags;
 
   pcm = GNUNET_new (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_PurseCreateMergeHandle);
-  pcm->exchange = exchange;
   pcm->cb = cb;
   pcm->cb_cls = cb_cls;
   if (GNUNET_OK !=
@@ -409,7 +412,7 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_purse_create_with_merge (
     const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_GlobalFee *gf;
 
     gf = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_global_fee (
-      TALER_EXCHANGE_get_keys (exchange),
+      keys,
       GNUNET_TIME_timestamp_get ());
     purse_fee = gf->fees.purse;
     flags = TALER_WAMF_MODE_CREATE_WITH_PURSE_FEE;
@@ -422,8 +425,6 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_purse_create_with_merge (
     flags = TALER_WAMF_MODE_CREATE_FROM_PURSE_QUOTA;
   }
 
-  GNUNET_assert (GNUNET_YES ==
-                 TEAH_handle_is_ready (exchange));
   {
     char pub_str[sizeof (pcm->reserve_pub) * 2];
     char *end;
@@ -436,11 +437,12 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_purse_create_with_merge (
     *end = '\0';
     GNUNET_snprintf (arg_str,
                      sizeof (arg_str),
-                     "/reserves/%s/purse",
+                     "reserves/%s/purse",
                      pub_str);
   }
-  pcm->url = TEAH_path_to_url (exchange,
-                               arg_str);
+  pcm->url = TALER_url_join (url,
+                             arg_str,
+                             NULL);
   if (NULL == pcm->url)
   {
     GNUNET_break (0);
@@ -457,7 +459,7 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_purse_create_with_merge (
   {
     char *payto_uri;
 
-    payto_uri = TALER_reserve_make_payto (exchange->url,
+    payto_uri = TALER_reserve_make_payto (url,
                                           &pcm->reserve_pub);
     TALER_wallet_purse_merge_sign (payto_uri,
                                    merge_timestamp,
@@ -546,7 +548,8 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_purse_create_with_merge (
   GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
               "URL for purse create_with_merge: `%s'\n",
               pcm->url);
-  ctx = TEAH_handle_to_context (exchange);
+  pcm->keys = TALER_EXCHANGE_keys_incref (keys);
+  pcm->exchange_url = GNUNET_strdup (url);
   pcm->job = GNUNET_CURL_job_add2 (ctx,
                                    eh,
                                    pcm->ctx.headers,
@@ -566,7 +569,9 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_purse_create_with_merge_cancel (
     pcm->job = NULL;
   }
   GNUNET_free (pcm->url);
+  GNUNET_free (pcm->exchange_url);
   TALER_curl_easy_post_finished (&pcm->ctx);
+  TALER_EXCHANGE_keys_decref (pcm->keys);
   GNUNET_free (pcm->econtract.econtract);
   GNUNET_free (pcm);
 }
diff --git a/src/lib/exchange_api_purse_delete.c b/src/lib/exchange_api_purse_delete.c
index 624838105..6f8ecc381 100644
--- a/src/lib/exchange_api_purse_delete.c
+++ b/src/lib/exchange_api_purse_delete.c
@@ -41,11 +41,6 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_PurseDeleteHandle
 {
 
   /**
-   * The connection to exchange this request handle will use
-   */
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange;
-
-  /**
    * The url for this request.
    */
   char *url;
@@ -148,26 +143,23 @@ handle_purse_delete_finished (void *cls,
 
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_PurseDeleteHandle *
 TALER_EXCHANGE_purse_delete (
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
   const struct TALER_PurseContractPrivateKeyP *purse_priv,
   TALER_EXCHANGE_PurseDeleteCallback cb,
   void *cb_cls)
 {
   struct TALER_EXCHANGE_PurseDeleteHandle *pdh;
-  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx;
   CURL *eh;
   struct TALER_PurseContractPublicKeyP purse_pub;
   struct TALER_PurseContractSignatureP purse_sig;
   char arg_str[sizeof (purse_pub) * 2 + 32];
 
   pdh = GNUNET_new (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_PurseDeleteHandle);
-  pdh->exchange = exchange;
   pdh->cb = cb;
   pdh->cb_cls = cb_cls;
   GNUNET_CRYPTO_eddsa_key_get_public (&purse_priv->eddsa_priv,
                                       &purse_pub.eddsa_pub);
-  GNUNET_assert (GNUNET_YES ==
-                 TEAH_handle_is_ready (exchange));
   {
     char pub_str[sizeof (purse_pub) * 2];
     char *end;
@@ -179,11 +171,12 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_purse_delete (
     *end = '\0';
     GNUNET_snprintf (arg_str,
                      sizeof (arg_str),
-                     "/purses/%s",
+                     "purses/%s",
                      pub_str);
   }
-  pdh->url = TEAH_path_to_url (exchange,
-                               arg_str);
+  pdh->url = TALER_url_join (url,
+                             arg_str,
+                             NULL);
   if (NULL == pdh->url)
   {
     GNUNET_break (0);
@@ -223,7 +216,6 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_purse_delete (
   GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
               "URL for purse delete: `%s'\n",
               pdh->url);
-  ctx = TEAH_handle_to_context (exchange);
   pdh->job = GNUNET_CURL_job_add2 (ctx,
                                    eh,
                                    pdh->xhdr,
diff --git a/src/lib/exchange_api_purse_deposit.c b/src/lib/exchange_api_purse_deposit.c
index f88d23299..e1d38d16e 100644
--- a/src/lib/exchange_api_purse_deposit.c
+++ b/src/lib/exchange_api_purse_deposit.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
    This file is part of TALER
-   Copyright (C) 2022 Taler Systems SA
+   Copyright (C) 2022-2023 Taler Systems SA
 
    TALER is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
    terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
@@ -73,9 +73,9 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_PurseDepositHandle
 {
 
   /**
-   * The connection to exchange this request handle will use
+   * The keys of the exchange this request handle will use
    */
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange;
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys;
 
   /**
    * The url for this request.
@@ -144,10 +144,9 @@ handle_purse_deposit_finished (void *cls,
     .hr.reply = j,
     .hr.http_status = (unsigned int) response_code
   };
-  const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys;
+  const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys = pch->keys;
 
   pch->job = NULL;
-  keys = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_keys (pch->exchange);
   switch (response_code)
   {
   case 0:
@@ -447,7 +446,9 @@ handle_purse_deposit_finished (void *cls,
 
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_PurseDepositHandle *
 TALER_EXCHANGE_purse_deposit (
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys,
   const char *purse_exchange_url,
   const struct TALER_PurseContractPublicKeyP *purse_pub,
   uint8_t min_age,
@@ -457,7 +458,6 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_purse_deposit (
   void *cb_cls)
 {
   struct TALER_EXCHANGE_PurseDepositHandle *pch;
-  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx;
   json_t *create_obj;
   json_t *deposit_arr;
   CURL *eh;
@@ -470,11 +470,8 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_purse_deposit (
     GNUNET_break (0);
     return NULL;
   }
-  GNUNET_assert (GNUNET_YES ==
-                 TEAH_handle_is_ready (exchange));
   pch = GNUNET_new (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_PurseDepositHandle);
   pch->purse_pub = *purse_pub;
-  pch->exchange = exchange;
   pch->cb = cb;
   pch->cb_cls = cb_cls;
   {
@@ -489,11 +486,12 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_purse_deposit (
     *end = '\0';
     GNUNET_snprintf (arg_str,
                      sizeof (arg_str),
-                     "/purses/%s/deposit",
+                     "purses/%s/deposit",
                      pub_str);
   }
-  pch->url = TEAH_path_to_url (exchange,
-                               arg_str);
+  pch->url = TALER_url_join (url,
+                             arg_str,
+                             NULL);
   if (NULL == pch->url)
   {
     GNUNET_break (0);
@@ -502,8 +500,7 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_purse_deposit (
   }
   deposit_arr = json_array ();
   GNUNET_assert (NULL != deposit_arr);
-  pch->base_url = TEAH_path_to_url (exchange,
-                                    "/");
+  pch->base_url = GNUNET_strdup (url);
   pch->num_deposits = num_deposits;
   pch->coins = GNUNET_new_array (num_deposits,
                                  struct Coin);
@@ -594,7 +591,7 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_purse_deposit (
   GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
               "URL for purse deposit: `%s'\n",
               pch->url);
-  ctx = TEAH_handle_to_context (exchange);
+  pch->keys = TALER_EXCHANGE_keys_incref (keys);
   pch->job = GNUNET_CURL_job_add2 (ctx,
                                    eh,
                                    pch->ctx.headers,
@@ -616,6 +613,7 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_purse_deposit_cancel (
   GNUNET_free (pch->base_url);
   GNUNET_free (pch->url);
   GNUNET_free (pch->coins);
+  TALER_EXCHANGE_keys_decref (pch->keys);
   TALER_curl_easy_post_finished (&pch->ctx);
   GNUNET_free (pch);
 }
diff --git a/src/lib/exchange_api_purse_merge.c b/src/lib/exchange_api_purse_merge.c
index 6e1995e0d..8fd952515 100644
--- a/src/lib/exchange_api_purse_merge.c
+++ b/src/lib/exchange_api_purse_merge.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
    This file is part of TALER
-   Copyright (C) 2022 Taler Systems SA
+   Copyright (C) 2022-2023 Taler Systems SA
 
    TALER is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
    terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
@@ -41,9 +41,9 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_AccountMergeHandle
 {
 
   /**
-   * The connection to exchange this request handle will use
+   * The keys of the exchange this request handle will use
    */
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange;
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys;
 
   /**
    * The url for this request.
@@ -148,7 +148,6 @@ handle_purse_merge_finished (void *cls,
     break;
   case MHD_HTTP_OK:
     {
-      const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *key_state;
       struct TALER_Amount total_deposited;
       struct GNUNET_JSON_Specification spec[] = {
         GNUNET_JSON_spec_fixed_auto ("exchange_sig",
@@ -173,9 +172,8 @@ handle_purse_merge_finished (void *cls,
         dr.hr.ec = TALER_EC_GENERIC_REPLY_MALFORMED;
         break;
       }
-      key_state = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_keys (pch->exchange);
       if (GNUNET_OK !=
-          TALER_EXCHANGE_test_signing_key (key_state,
+          TALER_EXCHANGE_test_signing_key (pch->keys,
                                            &dr.details.ok.exchange_pub))
       {
         GNUNET_break_op (0);
@@ -302,7 +300,9 @@ handle_purse_merge_finished (void *cls,
 
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_AccountMergeHandle *
 TALER_EXCHANGE_account_merge (
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys,
   const char *reserve_exchange_url,
   const struct TALER_ReservePrivateKeyP *reserve_priv,
   const struct TALER_PurseContractPublicKeyP *purse_pub,
@@ -316,14 +316,12 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_account_merge (
   void *cb_cls)
 {
   struct TALER_EXCHANGE_AccountMergeHandle *pch;
-  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx;
   json_t *merge_obj;
   CURL *eh;
   char arg_str[sizeof (pch->purse_pub) * 2 + 32];
   char *reserve_url;
 
   pch = GNUNET_new (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_AccountMergeHandle);
-  pch->exchange = exchange;
   pch->merge_priv = *merge_priv;
   pch->cb = cb;
   pch->cb_cls = cb_cls;
@@ -332,14 +330,12 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_account_merge (
   pch->purse_expiration = purse_expiration;
   pch->purse_value_after_fees = *purse_value_after_fees;
   if (NULL == reserve_exchange_url)
-    pch->provider_url = GNUNET_strdup (exchange->url);
+    pch->provider_url = GNUNET_strdup (url);
   else
     pch->provider_url = GNUNET_strdup (reserve_exchange_url);
   GNUNET_CRYPTO_eddsa_key_get_public (&reserve_priv->eddsa_priv,
                                       &pch->reserve_pub.eddsa_pub);
 
-  GNUNET_assert (GNUNET_YES ==
-                 TEAH_handle_is_ready (exchange));
   {
     char pub_str[sizeof (*purse_pub) * 2];
     char *end;
@@ -352,7 +348,7 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_account_merge (
     *end = '\0';
     GNUNET_snprintf (arg_str,
                      sizeof (arg_str),
-                     "/purses/%s/merge",
+                     "purses/%s/merge",
                      pub_str);
   }
   reserve_url = TALER_reserve_make_payto (pch->provider_url,
@@ -364,8 +360,9 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_account_merge (
     GNUNET_free (pch);
     return NULL;
   }
-  pch->url = TEAH_path_to_url (exchange,
-                               arg_str);
+  pch->url = TALER_url_join (url,
+                             arg_str,
+                             NULL);
   if (NULL == pch->url)
   {
     GNUNET_break (0);
@@ -426,7 +423,7 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_account_merge (
   GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
               "URL for purse merge: `%s'\n",
               pch->url);
-  ctx = TEAH_handle_to_context (exchange);
+  pch->keys = TALER_EXCHANGE_keys_incref (keys);
   pch->job = GNUNET_CURL_job_add2 (ctx,
                                    eh,
                                    pch->ctx.headers,
@@ -448,6 +445,7 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_account_merge_cancel (
   GNUNET_free (pch->url);
   GNUNET_free (pch->provider_url);
   TALER_curl_easy_post_finished (&pch->ctx);
+  TALER_EXCHANGE_keys_decref (pch->keys);
   GNUNET_free (pch);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/lib/exchange_api_purses_get.c b/src/lib/exchange_api_purses_get.c
index 4c2fdd79c..7a6b2707f 100644
--- a/src/lib/exchange_api_purses_get.c
+++ b/src/lib/exchange_api_purses_get.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
   This file is part of TALER
-  Copyright (C) 2022 Taler Systems SA
+  Copyright (C) 2022-2023 Taler Systems SA
 
   TALER is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
   terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
@@ -39,9 +39,9 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_PurseGetHandle
 {
 
   /**
-   * The connection to exchange this request handle will use
+   * The keys of the exchange this request handle will use
    */
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange;
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys;
 
   /**
    * The url for this request.
@@ -117,7 +117,6 @@ handle_purse_get_finished (void *cls,
                                      &exchange_sig),
         GNUNET_JSON_spec_end ()
       };
-      const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *key_state;
 
       if (GNUNET_OK !=
           GNUNET_JSON_parse (j,
@@ -130,9 +129,8 @@ handle_purse_get_finished (void *cls,
         break;
       }
 
-      key_state = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_keys (pgh->exchange);
       if (GNUNET_OK !=
-          TALER_EXCHANGE_test_signing_key (key_state,
+          TALER_EXCHANGE_test_signing_key (pgh->keys,
                                            &exchange_pub))
       {
         GNUNET_break_op (0);
@@ -207,7 +205,9 @@ handle_purse_get_finished (void *cls,
 
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_PurseGetHandle *
 TALER_EXCHANGE_purse_get (
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys,
   const struct TALER_PurseContractPublicKeyP *purse_pub,
   struct GNUNET_TIME_Relative timeout,
   bool wait_for_merge,
@@ -218,14 +218,7 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_purse_get (
   CURL *eh;
   char arg_str[sizeof (*purse_pub) * 2 + 64];
 
-  if (GNUNET_YES !=
-      TEAH_handle_is_ready (exchange))
-  {
-    GNUNET_break (0);
-    return NULL;
-  }
   pgh = GNUNET_new (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_PurseGetHandle);
-  pgh->exchange = exchange;
   pgh->cb = cb;
   pgh->cb_cls = cb_cls;
   {
@@ -247,19 +240,20 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_purse_get (
     if (GNUNET_TIME_relative_is_zero (timeout))
       GNUNET_snprintf (arg_str,
                        sizeof (arg_str),
-                       "/purses/%s/%s",
+                       "purses/%s/%s",
                        cpub_str,
                        wait_for_merge ? "merge" : "deposit");
     else
       GNUNET_snprintf (arg_str,
                        sizeof (arg_str),
-                       "/purses/%s/%s?timeout_ms=%s",
+                       "purses/%s/%s?timeout_ms=%s",
                        cpub_str,
                        wait_for_merge ? "merge" : "deposit",
                        timeout_str);
   }
-  pgh->url = TEAH_path_to_url (exchange,
-                               arg_str);
+  pgh->url = TALER_url_join (url,
+                             arg_str,
+                             NULL);
   if (NULL == pgh->url)
   {
     GNUNET_free (pgh);
@@ -273,10 +267,11 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_purse_get (
     GNUNET_free (pgh);
     return NULL;
   }
-  pgh->job = GNUNET_CURL_job_add (TEAH_handle_to_context (exchange),
+  pgh->job = GNUNET_CURL_job_add (ctx,
                                   eh,
                                   &handle_purse_get_finished,
                                   pgh);
+  pgh->keys = TALER_EXCHANGE_keys_incref (keys);
   return pgh;
 }
 
@@ -291,6 +286,7 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_purse_get_cancel (
     pgh->job = NULL;
   }
   GNUNET_free (pgh->url);
+  TALER_EXCHANGE_keys_decref (pgh->keys);
   GNUNET_free (pgh);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/lib/exchange_api_recoup.c b/src/lib/exchange_api_recoup.c
index b89bda8b3..e7daff165 100644
--- a/src/lib/exchange_api_recoup.c
+++ b/src/lib/exchange_api_recoup.c
@@ -40,9 +40,9 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_RecoupHandle
 {
 
   /**
-   * The connection to exchange this request handle will use
+   * The keys of the exchange this request handle will use
    */
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange;
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys;
 
   /**
    * The url for this request.
@@ -143,10 +143,8 @@ handle_recoup_finished (void *cls,
     .hr.reply = j,
     .hr.http_status = (unsigned int) response_code
   };
-  const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys;
 
   ph->job = NULL;
-  keys = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_keys (ph->exchange);
   switch (response_code)
   {
   case 0:
@@ -177,7 +175,7 @@ handle_recoup_finished (void *cls,
       rr.hr.ec = TALER_JSON_get_error_code (j);
       rr.hr.hint = TALER_JSON_get_error_hint (j);
       if (GNUNET_OK !=
-          TALER_EXCHANGE_get_min_denomination_ (keys,
+          TALER_EXCHANGE_get_min_denomination_ (ph->keys,
                                                 &min_key))
       {
         GNUNET_break (0);
@@ -187,7 +185,7 @@ handle_recoup_finished (void *cls,
       }
       if (GNUNET_OK !=
           TALER_EXCHANGE_check_coin_conflict_ (
-            keys,
+            ph->keys,
             j,
             &ph->pk,
             &ph->coin_pub,
@@ -244,16 +242,18 @@ handle_recoup_finished (void *cls,
 
 
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_RecoupHandle *
-TALER_EXCHANGE_recoup (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
-                       const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_DenomPublicKey *pk,
-                       const struct TALER_DenominationSignature *denom_sig,
-                       const struct TALER_ExchangeWithdrawValues *exchange_vals,
-                       const struct TALER_PlanchetMasterSecretP *ps,
-                       TALER_EXCHANGE_RecoupResultCallback recoup_cb,
-                       void *recoup_cb_cls)
+TALER_EXCHANGE_recoup (
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys,
+  const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_DenomPublicKey *pk,
+  const struct TALER_DenominationSignature *denom_sig,
+  const struct TALER_ExchangeWithdrawValues *exchange_vals,
+  const struct TALER_PlanchetMasterSecretP *ps,
+  TALER_EXCHANGE_RecoupResultCallback recoup_cb,
+  void *recoup_cb_cls)
 {
   struct TALER_EXCHANGE_RecoupHandle *ph;
-  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx;
   struct TALER_DenominationHashP h_denom_pub;
   json_t *recoup_obj;
   CURL *eh;
@@ -261,8 +261,6 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_recoup (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
   struct TALER_CoinSpendPrivateKeyP coin_priv;
   union TALER_DenominationBlindingKeyP bks;
 
-  GNUNET_assert (GNUNET_YES ==
-                 TEAH_handle_is_ready (exchange));
   ph = GNUNET_new (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_RecoupHandle);
   TALER_planchet_setup_coin_priv (ps,
                                   exchange_vals,
@@ -319,19 +317,19 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_recoup (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
     *end = '\0';
     GNUNET_snprintf (arg_str,
                      sizeof (arg_str),
-                     "/coins/%s/recoup",
+                     "coins/%s/recoup",
                      pub_str);
   }
 
-  ph->exchange = exchange;
   ph->pk = *pk;
   memset (&ph->pk.key,
           0,
           sizeof (ph->pk.key)); /* zero out, as lifetime cannot be warranted */
   ph->cb = recoup_cb;
   ph->cb_cls = recoup_cb_cls;
-  ph->url = TEAH_path_to_url (exchange,
-                              arg_str);
+  ph->url = TALER_url_join (url,
+                            arg_str,
+                            NULL);
   if (NULL == ph->url)
   {
     json_decref (recoup_obj);
@@ -357,7 +355,7 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_recoup (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
   GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
               "URL for recoup: `%s'\n",
               ph->url);
-  ctx = TEAH_handle_to_context (exchange);
+  ph->keys = TALER_EXCHANGE_keys_incref (keys);
   ph->job = GNUNET_CURL_job_add2 (ctx,
                                   eh,
                                   ph->ctx.headers,
@@ -377,6 +375,7 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_recoup_cancel (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_RecoupHandle *ph)
   }
   GNUNET_free (ph->url);
   TALER_curl_easy_post_finished (&ph->ctx);
+  TALER_EXCHANGE_keys_decref (ph->keys);
   GNUNET_free (ph);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/lib/exchange_api_recoup_refresh.c b/src/lib/exchange_api_recoup_refresh.c
index 7b42aa7eb..f5745deb0 100644
--- a/src/lib/exchange_api_recoup_refresh.c
+++ b/src/lib/exchange_api_recoup_refresh.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
   This file is part of TALER
-  Copyright (C) 2017-2022 Taler Systems SA
+  Copyright (C) 2017-2023 Taler Systems SA
 
   TALER is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
   terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
@@ -40,9 +40,9 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_RecoupRefreshHandle
 {
 
   /**
-   * The connection to exchange this request handle will use
+   * The keys of the exchange this request handle will use
    */
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange;
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys;
 
   /**
    * The url for this request.
@@ -144,10 +144,8 @@ handle_recoup_refresh_finished (void *cls,
     .hr.reply = j,
     .hr.http_status = (unsigned int) response_code
   };
-  const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys;
 
   ph->job = NULL;
-  keys = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_keys (ph->exchange);
   switch (response_code)
   {
   case 0:
@@ -191,7 +189,7 @@ handle_recoup_refresh_finished (void *cls,
       rrr.hr.ec = TALER_JSON_get_error_code (j);
       rrr.hr.hint = TALER_JSON_get_error_hint (j);
       if (GNUNET_OK !=
-          TALER_EXCHANGE_get_min_denomination_ (keys,
+          TALER_EXCHANGE_get_min_denomination_ (ph->keys,
                                                 &min_key))
       {
         GNUNET_break (0);
@@ -201,7 +199,7 @@ handle_recoup_refresh_finished (void *cls,
       }
       if (GNUNET_OK !=
           TALER_EXCHANGE_check_coin_conflict_ (
-            keys,
+            ph->keys,
             j,
             &ph->pk,
             &ph->coin_pub,
@@ -246,7 +244,9 @@ handle_recoup_refresh_finished (void *cls,
 
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_RecoupRefreshHandle *
 TALER_EXCHANGE_recoup_refresh (
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys,
   const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_DenomPublicKey *pk,
   const struct TALER_DenominationSignature *denom_sig,
   const struct TALER_ExchangeWithdrawValues *exchange_vals,
@@ -257,7 +257,6 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_recoup_refresh (
   void *recoup_cb_cls)
 {
   struct TALER_EXCHANGE_RecoupRefreshHandle *ph;
-  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx;
   struct TALER_DenominationHashP h_denom_pub;
   json_t *recoup_obj;
   CURL *eh;
@@ -266,10 +265,7 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_recoup_refresh (
   union TALER_DenominationBlindingKeyP bks;
 
   GNUNET_assert (NULL != recoup_cb);
-  GNUNET_assert (GNUNET_YES ==
-                 TEAH_handle_is_ready (exchange));
   ph = GNUNET_new (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_RecoupRefreshHandle);
-  ph->exchange = exchange;
   ph->pk = *pk;
   memset (&ph->pk.key,
           0,
@@ -333,12 +329,13 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_recoup_refresh (
     *end = '\0';
     GNUNET_snprintf (arg_str,
                      sizeof (arg_str),
-                     "/coins/%s/recoup-refresh",
+                     "coins/%s/recoup-refresh",
                      pub_str);
   }
 
-  ph->url = TEAH_path_to_url (exchange,
-                              arg_str);
+  ph->url = TALER_url_join (url,
+                            arg_str,
+                            NULL);
   if (NULL == ph->url)
   {
     json_decref (recoup_obj);
@@ -364,7 +361,7 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_recoup_refresh (
   GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
               "URL for recoup-refresh: `%s'\n",
               ph->url);
-  ctx = TEAH_handle_to_context (exchange);
+  ph->keys = TALER_EXCHANGE_keys_incref (keys);
   ph->job = GNUNET_CURL_job_add2 (ctx,
                                   eh,
                                   ph->ctx.headers,
@@ -385,6 +382,7 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_recoup_refresh_cancel (
   }
   GNUNET_free (ph->url);
   TALER_curl_easy_post_finished (&ph->ctx);
+  TALER_EXCHANGE_keys_decref (ph->keys);
   GNUNET_free (ph);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/lib/exchange_api_refreshes_reveal.c b/src/lib/exchange_api_refreshes_reveal.c
index 50de76810..9b6f9b19c 100644
--- a/src/lib/exchange_api_refreshes_reveal.c
+++ b/src/lib/exchange_api_refreshes_reveal.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
   This file is part of TALER
-  Copyright (C) 2015-2022 Taler Systems SA
+  Copyright (C) 2015-2023 Taler Systems SA
 
   TALER is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
   terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
@@ -40,11 +40,6 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_RefreshesRevealHandle
 {
 
   /**
-   * The connection to exchange this request handle will use
-   */
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange;
-
-  /**
    * The url for this request.
    */
   char *url;
@@ -310,7 +305,8 @@ handle_refresh_reveal_finished (void *cls,
 
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_RefreshesRevealHandle *
 TALER_EXCHANGE_refreshes_reveal (
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
   const struct TALER_RefreshMasterSecretP *rms,
   const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_RefreshData *rd,
   unsigned int num_coins,
@@ -327,7 +323,6 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_refreshes_reveal (
   json_t *link_sigs;
   json_t *old_age_commitment = NULL;
   CURL *eh;
-  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx;
   struct MeltData md;
   char arg_str[sizeof (struct TALER_RefreshCommitmentP) * 2 + 32];
   bool send_rms = false;
@@ -342,12 +337,6 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_refreshes_reveal (
     GNUNET_break (0);
     return NULL;
   }
-  if (GNUNET_YES !=
-      TEAH_handle_is_ready (exchange))
-  {
-    GNUNET_break (0);
-    return NULL;
-  }
   if (GNUNET_OK !=
       TALER_EXCHANGE_get_melt_data_ (rms,
                                      rd,
@@ -467,22 +456,22 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_refreshes_reveal (
     *end = '\0';
     GNUNET_snprintf (arg_str,
                      sizeof (arg_str),
-                     "/refreshes/%s/reveal",
+                     "refreshes/%s/reveal",
                      pub_str);
   }
   /* finally, we can actually issue the request */
   rrh = GNUNET_new (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_RefreshesRevealHandle);
-  rrh->exchange = exchange;
   rrh->noreveal_index = noreveal_index;
   rrh->reveal_cb = reveal_cb;
   rrh->reveal_cb_cls = reveal_cb_cls;
   rrh->md = md;
-  rrh->alg_values = GNUNET_memdup (alg_values,
-                                   md.num_fresh_coins
-                                   * sizeof (struct
-                                             TALER_ExchangeWithdrawValues));
-  rrh->url = TEAH_path_to_url (rrh->exchange,
-                               arg_str);
+  rrh->alg_values
+    = GNUNET_memdup (alg_values,
+                     md.num_fresh_coins
+                     * sizeof (struct TALER_ExchangeWithdrawValues));
+  rrh->url = TALER_url_join (url,
+                             arg_str,
+                             NULL);
   if (NULL == rrh->url)
   {
     json_decref (reveal_obj);
@@ -510,7 +499,6 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_refreshes_reveal (
     return NULL;
   }
   json_decref (reveal_obj);
-  ctx = TEAH_handle_to_context (rrh->exchange);
   rrh->job = GNUNET_CURL_job_add2 (ctx,
                                    eh,
                                    rrh->ctx.headers,
diff --git a/src/lib/exchange_api_refund.c b/src/lib/exchange_api_refund.c
index 35524ca4b..83f9612df 100644
--- a/src/lib/exchange_api_refund.c
+++ b/src/lib/exchange_api_refund.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
   This file is part of TALER
-  Copyright (C) 2014-2022 Taler Systems SA
+  Copyright (C) 2014-2023 Taler Systems SA
 
   TALER is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
   terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
@@ -39,9 +39,9 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_RefundHandle
 {
 
   /**
-   * The connection to exchange this request handle will use
+   * The keys of the exchange this request handle will use
    */
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange;
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys;
 
   /**
    * The url for this request.
@@ -117,7 +117,6 @@ verify_refund_signature_ok (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_RefundHandle *rh,
                             struct TALER_ExchangePublicKeyP *exchange_pub,
                             struct TALER_ExchangeSignatureP *exchange_sig)
 {
-  const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *key_state;
   struct GNUNET_JSON_Specification spec[] = {
     GNUNET_JSON_spec_fixed_auto ("exchange_sig",
                                  exchange_sig),
@@ -134,9 +133,8 @@ verify_refund_signature_ok (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_RefundHandle *rh,
     GNUNET_break_op (0);
     return GNUNET_SYSERR;
   }
-  key_state = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_keys (rh->exchange);
   if (GNUNET_OK !=
-      TALER_EXCHANGE_test_signing_key (key_state,
+      TALER_EXCHANGE_test_signing_key (rh->keys,
                                        exchange_pub))
   {
     GNUNET_break_op (0);
@@ -672,7 +670,9 @@ handle_refund_finished (void *cls,
 
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_RefundHandle *
 TALER_EXCHANGE_refund (
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys,
   const struct TALER_Amount *amount,
   const struct TALER_PrivateContractHashP *h_contract_terms,
   const struct TALER_CoinSpendPublicKeyP *coin_pub,
@@ -684,13 +684,10 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_refund (
   struct TALER_MerchantPublicKeyP merchant_pub;
   struct TALER_MerchantSignatureP merchant_sig;
   struct TALER_EXCHANGE_RefundHandle *rh;
-  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx;
   json_t *refund_obj;
   CURL *eh;
   char arg_str[sizeof (struct TALER_CoinSpendPublicKeyP) * 2 + 32];
 
-  GNUNET_assert (GNUNET_YES ==
-                 TEAH_handle_is_ready (exchange));
   GNUNET_CRYPTO_eddsa_key_get_public (&merchant_priv->eddsa_priv,
                                       &merchant_pub.eddsa_pub);
   TALER_merchant_refund_sign (coin_pub,
@@ -711,7 +708,7 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_refund (
     *end = '\0';
     GNUNET_snprintf (arg_str,
                      sizeof (arg_str),
-                     "/coins/%s/refund",
+                     "coins/%s/refund",
                      pub_str);
   }
   refund_obj = GNUNET_JSON_PACK (
@@ -726,11 +723,11 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_refund (
     GNUNET_JSON_pack_data_auto ("merchant_sig",
                                 &merchant_sig));
   rh = GNUNET_new (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_RefundHandle);
-  rh->exchange = exchange;
   rh->cb = cb;
   rh->cb_cls = cb_cls;
-  rh->url = TEAH_path_to_url (exchange,
-                              arg_str);
+  rh->url = TALER_url_join (url,
+                            arg_str,
+                            NULL);
   if (NULL == rh->url)
   {
     json_decref (refund_obj);
@@ -761,7 +758,7 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_refund (
   GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
               "URL for refund: `%s'\n",
               rh->url);
-  ctx = TEAH_handle_to_context (exchange);
+  rh->keys = TALER_EXCHANGE_keys_incref (keys);
   rh->job = GNUNET_CURL_job_add2 (ctx,
                                   eh,
                                   rh->ctx.headers,
@@ -781,6 +778,7 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_refund_cancel (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_RefundHandle *refund)
   }
   GNUNET_free (refund->url);
   TALER_curl_easy_post_finished (&refund->ctx);
+  TALER_EXCHANGE_keys_decref (refund->keys);
   GNUNET_free (refund);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/lib/exchange_api_reserves_attest.c b/src/lib/exchange_api_reserves_attest.c
index 82d5785b7..ea9ec8426 100644
--- a/src/lib/exchange_api_reserves_attest.c
+++ b/src/lib/exchange_api_reserves_attest.c
@@ -39,11 +39,6 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesAttestHandle
 {
 
   /**
-   * The connection to exchange this request handle will use
-   */
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange;
-
-  /**
    * The url for this request.
    */
   char *url;
@@ -131,6 +126,8 @@ handle_reserves_attest_ok (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesAttestHandle *rsh,
     GNUNET_JSON_parse_free (spec);
     return GNUNET_SYSERR;
   }
+  /* FIXME: validate exchange_pub is actually
+     a good exchange signing key */
   rsh->cb (rsh->cb_cls,
            &rs);
   rsh->cb = NULL;
@@ -228,7 +225,8 @@ handle_reserves_attest_finished (void *cls,
 
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesAttestHandle *
 TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_attest (
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
   const struct TALER_ReservePrivateKeyP *reserve_priv,
   unsigned int attributes_length,
   const char *const*attributes,
@@ -236,7 +234,6 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_attest (
   void *cb_cls)
 {
   struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesAttestHandle *rsh;
-  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx;
   CURL *eh;
   char arg_str[sizeof (struct TALER_ReservePublicKeyP) * 2 + 32];
   struct TALER_ReserveSignatureP reserve_sig;
@@ -248,12 +245,6 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_attest (
     GNUNET_break (0);
     return NULL;
   }
-  if (GNUNET_YES !=
-      TEAH_handle_is_ready (exchange))
-  {
-    GNUNET_break (0);
-    return NULL;
-  }
   details = json_array ();
   GNUNET_assert (NULL != details);
   for (unsigned int i = 0; i<attributes_length; i++)
@@ -263,7 +254,6 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_attest (
                                           json_string (attributes[i])));
   }
   rsh = GNUNET_new (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesAttestHandle);
-  rsh->exchange = exchange;
   rsh->cb = cb;
   rsh->cb_cls = cb_cls;
   GNUNET_CRYPTO_eddsa_key_get_public (&reserve_priv->eddsa_priv,
@@ -280,11 +270,12 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_attest (
     *end = '\0';
     GNUNET_snprintf (arg_str,
                      sizeof (arg_str),
-                     "/reserves-attest/%s",
+                     "reserves-attest/%s",
                      pub_str);
   }
-  rsh->url = TEAH_path_to_url (exchange,
-                               arg_str);
+  rsh->url = TALER_url_join (url,
+                             arg_str,
+                             NULL);
   if (NULL == rsh->url)
   {
     json_decref (details);
@@ -328,7 +319,6 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_attest (
     }
     json_decref (attest_obj);
   }
-  ctx = TEAH_handle_to_context (exchange);
   rsh->job = GNUNET_CURL_job_add2 (ctx,
                                    eh,
                                    rsh->post_ctx.headers,
diff --git a/src/lib/exchange_api_reserves_close.c b/src/lib/exchange_api_reserves_close.c
index 278d13101..a3769a22f 100644
--- a/src/lib/exchange_api_reserves_close.c
+++ b/src/lib/exchange_api_reserves_close.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
   This file is part of TALER
-  Copyright (C) 2014-2022 Taler Systems SA
+  Copyright (C) 2014-2023 Taler Systems SA
 
   TALER is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
   terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
@@ -39,11 +39,6 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesCloseHandle
 {
 
   /**
-   * The connection to exchange this request handle will use
-   */
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange;
-
-  /**
    * The url for this request.
    */
   char *url;
@@ -269,26 +264,19 @@ handle_reserves_close_finished (void *cls,
 
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesCloseHandle *
 TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_close (
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
   const struct TALER_ReservePrivateKeyP *reserve_priv,
   const char *target_payto_uri,
   TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesCloseCallback cb,
   void *cb_cls)
 {
   struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesCloseHandle *rch;
-  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx;
   CURL *eh;
   char arg_str[sizeof (struct TALER_ReservePublicKeyP) * 2 + 32];
   struct TALER_PaytoHashP h_payto;
 
-  if (GNUNET_YES !=
-      TEAH_handle_is_ready (exchange))
-  {
-    GNUNET_break (0);
-    return NULL;
-  }
   rch = GNUNET_new (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesCloseHandle);
-  rch->exchange = exchange;
   rch->cb = cb;
   rch->cb_cls = cb_cls;
   rch->ts = GNUNET_TIME_timestamp_get ();
@@ -306,11 +294,12 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_close (
     *end = '\0';
     GNUNET_snprintf (arg_str,
                      sizeof (arg_str),
-                     "/reserves/%s/close",
+                     "reserves/%s/close",
                      pub_str);
   }
-  rch->url = TEAH_path_to_url (exchange,
-                               arg_str);
+  rch->url = TALER_url_join (url,
+                             arg_str,
+                             NULL);
   if (NULL == rch->url)
   {
     GNUNET_free (rch);
@@ -357,7 +346,6 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_close (
     }
     json_decref (close_obj);
   }
-  ctx = TEAH_handle_to_context (exchange);
   rch->job = GNUNET_CURL_job_add2 (ctx,
                                    eh,
                                    rch->post_ctx.headers,
diff --git a/src/lib/exchange_api_reserves_get.c b/src/lib/exchange_api_reserves_get.c
index 1c2c2b027..7b59ba9a4 100644
--- a/src/lib/exchange_api_reserves_get.c
+++ b/src/lib/exchange_api_reserves_get.c
@@ -39,11 +39,6 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesGetHandle
 {
 
   /**
-   * The connection to exchange this request handle will use
-   */
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange;
-
-  /**
    * The url for this request.
    */
   char *url;
@@ -186,23 +181,17 @@ handle_reserves_get_finished (void *cls,
 
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesGetHandle *
 TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_get (
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
   const struct TALER_ReservePublicKeyP *reserve_pub,
   struct GNUNET_TIME_Relative timeout,
   TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesGetCallback cb,
   void *cb_cls)
 {
   struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesGetHandle *rgh;
-  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx;
   CURL *eh;
   char arg_str[sizeof (struct TALER_ReservePublicKeyP) * 2 + 16 + 32];
 
-  if (GNUNET_YES !=
-      TEAH_handle_is_ready (exchange))
-  {
-    GNUNET_break (0);
-    return NULL;
-  }
   {
     char pub_str[sizeof (struct TALER_ReservePublicKeyP) * 2];
     char *end;
@@ -223,22 +212,22 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_get (
     if (GNUNET_TIME_relative_is_zero (timeout))
       GNUNET_snprintf (arg_str,
                        sizeof (arg_str),
-                       "/reserves/%s",
+                       "reserves/%s",
                        pub_str);
     else
       GNUNET_snprintf (arg_str,
                        sizeof (arg_str),
-                       "/reserves/%s?timeout_ms=%s",
+                       "reserves/%s?timeout_ms=%s",
                        pub_str,
                        timeout_str);
   }
   rgh = GNUNET_new (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesGetHandle);
-  rgh->exchange = exchange;
   rgh->cb = cb;
   rgh->cb_cls = cb_cls;
   rgh->reserve_pub = *reserve_pub;
-  rgh->url = TEAH_path_to_url (exchange,
-                               arg_str);
+  rgh->url = TALER_url_join (url,
+                             arg_str,
+                             NULL);
   if (NULL == rgh->url)
   {
     GNUNET_free (rgh);
@@ -252,7 +241,6 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_get (
     GNUNET_free (rgh);
     return NULL;
   }
-  ctx = TEAH_handle_to_context (exchange);
   rgh->job = GNUNET_CURL_job_add (ctx,
                                   eh,
                                   &handle_reserves_get_finished,
diff --git a/src/lib/exchange_api_reserves_get_attestable.c b/src/lib/exchange_api_reserves_get_attestable.c
index b272d478a..f58e0592e 100644
--- a/src/lib/exchange_api_reserves_get_attestable.c
+++ b/src/lib/exchange_api_reserves_get_attestable.c
@@ -39,11 +39,6 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesGetAttestHandle
 {
 
   /**
-   * The connection to exchange this request handle will use
-   */
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange;
-
-  /**
    * The url for this request.
    */
   char *url;
@@ -211,22 +206,16 @@ handle_reserves_get_attestable_finished (void *cls,
 
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesGetAttestHandle *
 TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_get_attestable (
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
   const struct TALER_ReservePublicKeyP *reserve_pub,
   TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesGetAttestCallback cb,
   void *cb_cls)
 {
   struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesGetAttestHandle *rgah;
-  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx;
   CURL *eh;
   char arg_str[sizeof (struct TALER_ReservePublicKeyP) * 2 + 32];
 
-  if (GNUNET_YES !=
-      TEAH_handle_is_ready (exchange))
-  {
-    GNUNET_break (0);
-    return NULL;
-  }
   {
     char pub_str[sizeof (struct TALER_ReservePublicKeyP) * 2];
     char *end;
@@ -239,16 +228,16 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_get_attestable (
     *end = '\0';
     GNUNET_snprintf (arg_str,
                      sizeof (arg_str),
-                     "/reserves-attest/%s",
+                     "reserves-attest/%s",
                      pub_str);
   }
   rgah = GNUNET_new (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesGetAttestHandle);
-  rgah->exchange = exchange;
   rgah->cb = cb;
   rgah->cb_cls = cb_cls;
   rgah->reserve_pub = *reserve_pub;
-  rgah->url = TEAH_path_to_url (exchange,
-                                arg_str);
+  rgah->url = TALER_url_join (url,
+                              arg_str,
+                              NULL);
   if (NULL == rgah->url)
   {
     GNUNET_free (rgah);
@@ -262,7 +251,6 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_get_attestable (
     GNUNET_free (rgah);
     return NULL;
   }
-  ctx = TEAH_handle_to_context (exchange);
   rgah->job = GNUNET_CURL_job_add (ctx,
                                    eh,
                                    &handle_reserves_get_attestable_finished,
diff --git a/src/lib/exchange_api_reserves_history.c b/src/lib/exchange_api_reserves_history.c
index ccc11a270..a48e0c087 100644
--- a/src/lib/exchange_api_reserves_history.c
+++ b/src/lib/exchange_api_reserves_history.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
   This file is part of TALER
-  Copyright (C) 2014-2022 Taler Systems SA
+  Copyright (C) 2014-2023 Taler Systems SA
 
   TALER is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
   terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
@@ -39,9 +39,9 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesHistoryHandle
 {
 
   /**
-   * The connection to exchange this request handle will use
+   * The keys of the exchange this request handle will use
    */
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange;
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys;
 
   /**
    * The url for this request.
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ handle_reserves_history_ok (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesHistoryHandle *rsh,
     rhistory = GNUNET_new_array (len,
                                  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReserveHistoryEntry);
     if (GNUNET_OK !=
-        TALER_EXCHANGE_parse_reserve_history (rsh->exchange,
+        TALER_EXCHANGE_parse_reserve_history (rsh->keys,
                                               history,
                                               &rsh->reserve_pub,
                                               rs.details.ok.balance.currency,
@@ -250,26 +250,19 @@ handle_reserves_history_finished (void *cls,
 
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesHistoryHandle *
 TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_history (
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys,
   const struct TALER_ReservePrivateKeyP *reserve_priv,
   TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesHistoryCallback cb,
   void *cb_cls)
 {
   struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesHistoryHandle *rsh;
-  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx;
   CURL *eh;
   char arg_str[sizeof (struct TALER_ReservePublicKeyP) * 2 + 32];
-  const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys;
   const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_GlobalFee *gf;
 
-  if (GNUNET_YES !=
-      TEAH_handle_is_ready (exchange))
-  {
-    GNUNET_break (0);
-    return NULL;
-  }
   rsh = GNUNET_new (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesHistoryHandle);
-  rsh->exchange = exchange;
   rsh->cb = cb;
   rsh->cb_cls = cb_cls;
   rsh->ts = GNUNET_TIME_timestamp_get ();
@@ -287,11 +280,12 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_history (
     *end = '\0';
     GNUNET_snprintf (arg_str,
                      sizeof (arg_str),
-                     "/reserves/%s/history",
+                     "reserves/%s/history",
                      pub_str);
   }
-  rsh->url = TEAH_path_to_url (exchange,
-                               arg_str);
+  rsh->url = TALER_url_join (url,
+                             arg_str,
+                             NULL);
   if (NULL == rsh->url)
   {
     GNUNET_free (rsh);
@@ -305,15 +299,6 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_history (
     GNUNET_free (rsh);
     return NULL;
   }
-  keys = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_keys (exchange);
-  if (NULL == keys)
-  {
-    GNUNET_break (0);
-    curl_easy_cleanup (eh);
-    GNUNET_free (rsh->url);
-    GNUNET_free (rsh);
-    return NULL;
-  }
   gf = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_global_fee (keys,
                                       rsh->ts);
   if (NULL == gf)
@@ -349,7 +334,7 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_history (
     }
     json_decref (history_obj);
   }
-  ctx = TEAH_handle_to_context (exchange);
+  rsh->keys = TALER_EXCHANGE_keys_incref (keys);
   rsh->job = GNUNET_CURL_job_add2 (ctx,
                                    eh,
                                    rsh->post_ctx.headers,
@@ -370,6 +355,7 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_history_cancel (
   }
   TALER_curl_easy_post_finished (&rsh->post_ctx);
   GNUNET_free (rsh->url);
+  TALER_EXCHANGE_keys_decref (rsh->keys);
   GNUNET_free (rsh);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/lib/exchange_api_reserves_open.c b/src/lib/exchange_api_reserves_open.c
index 2b7ef0d90..b28333d51 100644
--- a/src/lib/exchange_api_reserves_open.c
+++ b/src/lib/exchange_api_reserves_open.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
   This file is part of TALER
-  Copyright (C) 2014-2022 Taler Systems SA
+  Copyright (C) 2014-2023 Taler Systems SA
 
   TALER is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
   terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
@@ -67,9 +67,9 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesOpenHandle
 {
 
   /**
-   * The connection to exchange this request handle will use
+   * The keys of the exchange this request handle will use
    */
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange;
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys;
 
   /**
    * The url for this request.
@@ -321,7 +321,6 @@ handle_reserves_open_finished (void *cls,
     break;
   case MHD_HTTP_CONFLICT:
     {
-      const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys;
       const struct CoinData *cd = NULL;
       struct TALER_CoinSpendPublicKeyP coin_pub;
       const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_DenomPublicKey *dk;
@@ -331,8 +330,6 @@ handle_reserves_open_finished (void *cls,
         GNUNET_JSON_spec_end ()
       };
 
-      keys = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_keys (roh->exchange);
-      GNUNET_assert (NULL != keys);
       if (GNUNET_OK !=
           GNUNET_JSON_parse (j,
                              spec,
@@ -362,7 +359,7 @@ handle_reserves_open_finished (void *cls,
         rs.hr.ec = TALER_EC_GENERIC_REPLY_MALFORMED;
         break;
       }
-      dk = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_denomination_key_by_hash (keys,
+      dk = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_denomination_key_by_hash (roh->keys,
                                                         &cd->h_denom_pub);
       if (NULL == dk)
       {
@@ -372,7 +369,7 @@ handle_reserves_open_finished (void *cls,
         break;
       }
       if (GNUNET_OK !=
-          TALER_EXCHANGE_check_coin_conflict_ (keys,
+          TALER_EXCHANGE_check_coin_conflict_ (roh->keys,
                                                j,
                                                dk,
                                                &coin_pub,
@@ -427,7 +424,9 @@ handle_reserves_open_finished (void *cls,
 
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesOpenHandle *
 TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_open (
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys,
   const struct TALER_ReservePrivateKeyP *reserve_priv,
   const struct TALER_Amount *reserve_contribution,
   unsigned int coin_payments_length,
@@ -438,20 +437,11 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_open (
   void *cb_cls)
 {
   struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesOpenHandle *roh;
-  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx;
   CURL *eh;
   char arg_str[sizeof (struct TALER_ReservePublicKeyP) * 2 + 32];
-  const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys;
   json_t *cpa;
 
-  if (GNUNET_YES !=
-      TEAH_handle_is_ready (exchange))
-  {
-    GNUNET_break (0);
-    return NULL;
-  }
   roh = GNUNET_new (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesOpenHandle);
-  roh->exchange = exchange;
   roh->cb = cb;
   roh->cb_cls = cb_cls;
   roh->ts = GNUNET_TIME_timestamp_get ();
@@ -469,11 +459,12 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_open (
     *end = '\0';
     GNUNET_snprintf (arg_str,
                      sizeof (arg_str),
-                     "/reserves/%s/open",
+                     "reserves/%s/open",
                      pub_str);
   }
-  roh->url = TEAH_path_to_url (exchange,
-                               arg_str);
+  roh->url = TALER_url_join (url,
+                             arg_str,
+                             NULL);
   if (NULL == roh->url)
   {
     GNUNET_free (roh);
@@ -487,15 +478,6 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_open (
     GNUNET_free (roh);
     return NULL;
   }
-  keys = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_keys (exchange);
-  if (NULL == keys)
-  {
-    GNUNET_break (0);
-    curl_easy_cleanup (eh);
-    GNUNET_free (roh->url);
-    GNUNET_free (roh);
-    return NULL;
-  }
   TALER_wallet_reserve_open_sign (reserve_contribution,
                                   roh->ts,
                                   expiration_time,
@@ -578,7 +560,7 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_open (
     }
     json_decref (open_obj);
   }
-  ctx = TEAH_handle_to_context (exchange);
+  roh->keys = TALER_EXCHANGE_keys_incref (keys);
   roh->job = GNUNET_CURL_job_add2 (ctx,
                                    eh,
                                    roh->post_ctx.headers,
@@ -600,6 +582,7 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_open_cancel (
   TALER_curl_easy_post_finished (&roh->post_ctx);
   GNUNET_free (roh->coins);
   GNUNET_free (roh->url);
+  TALER_EXCHANGE_keys_decref (roh->keys);
   GNUNET_free (roh);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/lib/exchange_api_reserves_status.c b/src/lib/exchange_api_reserves_status.c
index 57fb04276..9f98b7f8c 100644
--- a/src/lib/exchange_api_reserves_status.c
+++ b/src/lib/exchange_api_reserves_status.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
   This file is part of TALER
-  Copyright (C) 2014-2022 Taler Systems SA
+  Copyright (C) 2014-2023 Taler Systems SA
 
   TALER is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
   terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
@@ -39,9 +39,9 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesStatusHandle
 {
 
   /**
-   * The connection to exchange this request handle will use
+   * The keys of the exchange this request handle will use
    */
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange;
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys;
 
   /**
    * The url for this request.
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ handle_reserves_status_ok (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesStatusHandle *rsh,
     rhistory = GNUNET_new_array (len,
                                  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReserveHistoryEntry);
     if (GNUNET_OK !=
-        TALER_EXCHANGE_parse_reserve_history (rsh->exchange,
+        TALER_EXCHANGE_parse_reserve_history (rsh->keys,
                                               history,
                                               &rsh->reserve_pub,
                                               rs.details.ok.balance.currency,
@@ -233,27 +233,21 @@ handle_reserves_status_finished (void *cls,
 
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesStatusHandle *
 TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_status (
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys,
   const struct TALER_ReservePrivateKeyP *reserve_priv,
   TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesStatusCallback cb,
   void *cb_cls)
 {
   struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesStatusHandle *rsh;
-  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx;
   CURL *eh;
   char arg_str[sizeof (struct TALER_ReservePublicKeyP) * 2 + 32];
   struct TALER_ReserveSignatureP reserve_sig;
   struct GNUNET_TIME_Timestamp ts
     = GNUNET_TIME_timestamp_get ();
 
-  if (GNUNET_YES !=
-      TEAH_handle_is_ready (exchange))
-  {
-    GNUNET_break (0);
-    return NULL;
-  }
   rsh = GNUNET_new (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesStatusHandle);
-  rsh->exchange = exchange;
   rsh->cb = cb;
   rsh->cb_cls = cb_cls;
   GNUNET_CRYPTO_eddsa_key_get_public (&reserve_priv->eddsa_priv,
@@ -270,11 +264,12 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_status (
     *end = '\0';
     GNUNET_snprintf (arg_str,
                      sizeof (arg_str),
-                     "/reserves/%s/status",
+                     "reserves/%s/status",
                      pub_str);
   }
-  rsh->url = TEAH_path_to_url (exchange,
-                               arg_str);
+  rsh->url = TALER_url_join (url,
+                             arg_str,
+                             NULL);
   if (NULL == rsh->url)
   {
     GNUNET_free (rsh);
@@ -312,7 +307,7 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_status (
     }
     json_decref (status_obj);
   }
-  ctx = TEAH_handle_to_context (exchange);
+  rsh->keys = TALER_EXCHANGE_keys_incref (keys);
   rsh->job = GNUNET_CURL_job_add2 (ctx,
                                    eh,
                                    rsh->post_ctx.headers,
@@ -333,6 +328,7 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_status_cancel (
   }
   TALER_curl_easy_post_finished (&rsh->post_ctx);
   GNUNET_free (rsh->url);
+  TALER_EXCHANGE_keys_decref (rsh->keys);
   GNUNET_free (rsh);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/lib/exchange_api_transfers_get.c b/src/lib/exchange_api_transfers_get.c
index 3a5a64fd5..14cf51ff9 100644
--- a/src/lib/exchange_api_transfers_get.c
+++ b/src/lib/exchange_api_transfers_get.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
   This file is part of TALER
-  Copyright (C) 2014-2021 Taler Systems SA
+  Copyright (C) 2014-2023 Taler Systems SA
 
   TALER is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
   terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
@@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ struct TALER_EXCHANGE_TransfersGetHandle
 {
 
   /**
-   * The connection to exchange this request handle will use
+   * The keys of the exchange this request handle will use
    */
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange;
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys;
 
   /**
    * The url for this request.
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ check_transfers_get_response_ok (
   }
   if (GNUNET_OK !=
       TALER_EXCHANGE_test_signing_key (
-        TALER_EXCHANGE_get_keys (wdh->exchange),
+        wdh->keys,
         &td->exchange_pub))
   {
     GNUNET_break_op (0);
@@ -320,25 +320,18 @@ handle_transfers_get_finished (void *cls,
 
 struct TALER_EXCHANGE_TransfersGetHandle *
 TALER_EXCHANGE_transfers_get (
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange,
+  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx,
+  const char *url,
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys,
   const struct TALER_WireTransferIdentifierRawP *wtid,
   TALER_EXCHANGE_TransfersGetCallback cb,
   void *cb_cls)
 {
   struct TALER_EXCHANGE_TransfersGetHandle *wdh;
-  struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx;
   CURL *eh;
   char arg_str[sizeof (struct TALER_WireTransferIdentifierRawP) * 2 + 32];
 
-  if (GNUNET_YES !=
-      TEAH_handle_is_ready (exchange))
-  {
-    GNUNET_break (0);
-    return NULL;
-  }
-
   wdh = GNUNET_new (struct TALER_EXCHANGE_TransfersGetHandle);
-  wdh->exchange = exchange;
   wdh->cb = cb;
   wdh->cb_cls = cb_cls;
 
@@ -354,11 +347,12 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_transfers_get (
     *end = '\0';
     GNUNET_snprintf (arg_str,
                      sizeof (arg_str),
-                     "/transfers/%s",
+                     "transfers/%s",
                      wtid_str);
   }
-  wdh->url = TEAH_path_to_url (wdh->exchange,
-                               arg_str);
+  wdh->url = TALER_url_join (url,
+                             arg_str,
+                             NULL);
   if (NULL == wdh->url)
   {
     GNUNET_free (wdh);
@@ -372,7 +366,7 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_transfers_get (
     GNUNET_free (wdh);
     return NULL;
   }
-  ctx = TEAH_handle_to_context (exchange);
+  wdh->keys = TALER_EXCHANGE_keys_incref (keys);
   wdh->job = GNUNET_CURL_job_add_with_ct_json (ctx,
                                                eh,
                                                &handle_transfers_get_finished,
@@ -397,6 +391,7 @@ TALER_EXCHANGE_transfers_get_cancel (
     wdh->job = NULL;
   }
   GNUNET_free (wdh->url);
+  TALER_EXCHANGE_keys_decref (wdh->keys);
   GNUNET_free (wdh);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/lib/exchange_api_withdraw2.c b/src/lib/exchange_api_withdraw2.c
index bf2bd0237..daac429c7 100644
--- a/src/lib/exchange_api_withdraw2.c
+++ b/src/lib/exchange_api_withdraw2.c
@@ -192,7 +192,8 @@ reserve_withdraw_payment_required (
     }
 
     if (GNUNET_OK !=
-        TALER_EXCHANGE_parse_reserve_history (wh->exchange,
+        TALER_EXCHANGE_parse_reserve_history (TALER_EXCHANGE_get_keys (
+                                                wh->exchange),
                                               history,
                                               &wh->reserve_pub,
                                               balance.currency,
diff --git a/src/testing/taler-unified-setup.sh b/src/testing/taler-unified-setup.sh
index a52aebff1..1ddc3316e 100755
--- a/src/testing/taler-unified-setup.sh
+++ b/src/testing/taler-unified-setup.sh
@@ -29,19 +29,21 @@ set -eu
 
 # Exit, with status code "skip" (no 'real' failure)
 function exit_skip() {
-    echo " SKIP: " "$@"
+    echo " SKIP: " "$@" >&2
     exit 77
 }
 
 # Exit, with error message (hard failure)
 function exit_fail() {
-    echo " FAIL: " "$@"
+    echo " FAIL: " "$@" >&2
     exit 1
 }
 
 # Cleanup to run whenever we exit
 function cleanup()
 {
+    echo "Taler unified setup terminating!" >&2
+
     for n in $(jobs -p)
     do
         kill $n 2> /dev/null || true
@@ -53,6 +55,7 @@ function cleanup()
 # Install cleanup handler (except for kill -9)
 trap cleanup EXIT
 
+WAIT_FOR_SIGNAL=0
 START_AUDITOR=0
 START_BACKUP=0
 START_EXCHANGE=0
@@ -71,7 +74,7 @@ LOGLEVEL="DEBUG"
 DEFAULT_SLEEP="0.2"
 
 # Parse command-line options
-while getopts ':abc:d:efghl:mnr:stu:vw' OPTION; do
+while getopts ':abc:d:efghl:mnr:stu:vwW' OPTION; do
     case "$OPTION" in
         a)
             START_AUDITOR="1"
@@ -82,7 +85,7 @@ while getopts ':abc:d:efghl:mnr:stu:vw' OPTION; do
         c)
             CONF_ORIG="$OPTARG"
             ;;
-        c)
+        d)
             WIRE_DOMAIN="$OPTARG"
             ;;
         e)
@@ -142,6 +145,9 @@ while getopts ':abc:d:efghl:mnr:stu:vw' OPTION; do
         w)
             START_WIREWATCH="1"
             ;;
+        W)
+            WAIT_FOR_SIGNAL="1"
+            ;;
         ?)
         exit_fail "Unrecognized command line option"
         ;;
@@ -201,22 +207,40 @@ register_sandbox_account() {
       demobank \
       delete \
       --bank-account "$1" &> /dev/null || true
-    libeufin-cli sandbox \
-      demobank \
-      register --name "$3"
+
+    MAYBE_IBAN="${4:-}"
+    if test -n "$MAYBE_IBAN"; then
+      libeufin-cli sandbox \
+        demobank \
+        register --name "$3" --iban "$MAYBE_IBAN"
+    else
+      libeufin-cli sandbox \
+        demobank \
+        register --name "$3"
+    fi
+
     unset LIBEUFIN_SANDBOX_USERNAME
     unset LIBEUFIN_SANDBOX_PASSWORD
 }
 
 
-BANK_PORT=$(taler-config -c "$CONF" -s "BANK" -o "HTTP_PORT")
-if [ "1" = "$START_NEXUS" ]
+if [[ "1" = "$START_NEXUS" || "1" = "$START_FAKEBANK" ]]
 then
-    NEXUS_PORT="$BANK_PORT"
-    SANDBOX_PORT="1$BANK_PORT"
+    BANK_PORT=$(taler-config -c "$CONF" -s "BANK" -o "HTTP_PORT")
+    if [ "1" = "$START_NEXUS" ]
+    then
+        NEXUS_PORT="$BANK_PORT"
+        SANDBOX_PORT="1$BANK_PORT"
+    else
+        NEXUS_PORT="0"
+        SANDBOX_PORT="1$BANK_PORT"
+    fi
 else
-    NEXUS_PORT="0"
-    SANDBOX_PORT="1$BANK_PORT"
+    if [ "1" = "$START_SANDBOX" ]
+    then
+        BANK_PORT=$(taler-config -c "$CONF" -s "BANK" -o "HTTP_PORT")
+        SANDBOX_PORT="$BANK_PORT"
+    fi
 fi
 
 if [ "1" = "$START_SANDBOX" ]
@@ -256,7 +280,11 @@ then
     fi
     echo "OK"
     echo -n "Register Sandbox users ..."
-    register_sandbox_account fortytwo x "Forty Two"
+    # The specified IBAN and name must match the ones hard-coded into
+    # the C helper for the add-incoming call.  Without this value,
+    # Sandbox  won't find the target account to debit along a /add-incoming
+    # call.
+    register_sandbox_account fortytwo x "User42" FR7630006000011234567890189
     register_sandbox_account fortythree x "Forty Three"
     register_sandbox_account exchange x "Exchange Company"
     register_sandbox_account tor x "Tor Project"
@@ -610,7 +638,7 @@ then
     if [ "1" != "$OK" ]
     then
         cat "$LAST_RESPONSE"
-        exit_skip "Failed to setup exchange keys, check secmod logs"
+        exit_fail "Failed to setup exchange keys, check secmod logs"
     fi
     rm "$LAST_RESPONSE"
     echo " OK"
@@ -662,7 +690,7 @@ then
     if [ "1" != "$OK" ]
     then
         cat "$LAST_RESPONSE"
-        exit_skip " Failed to setup keys"
+        exit_fail " Failed to setup keys"
     fi
     rm "$LAST_RESPONSE"
     echo " OK"
@@ -681,7 +709,17 @@ fi
 # Signal caller that we are ready.
 echo "<<READY>>"
 
-# Wait until caller stops us.
-read
+if [ "1" = "$WAIT_FOR_SIGNAL" ]
+then
+    while true
+    do
+        sleep 0.1
+    done
+else
+    # Wait until caller stops us.
+    read
+fi
+
+echo "Taler unified setup terminating!" >&2
 
 exit 0
diff --git a/src/testing/test_auditor_api_version.c b/src/testing/test_auditor_api_version.c
index 252369fa7..dcd542ad8 100644
--- a/src/testing/test_auditor_api_version.c
+++ b/src/testing/test_auditor_api_version.c
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
  */
 #define CONFIG_FILE "test_auditor_api-rsa.conf"
 
-static struct TALER_AUDITOR_Handle *ah;
+static struct TALER_AUDITOR_GetConfigHandle *ah;
 
 static struct GNUNET_CURL_Context *ctx;
 
@@ -62,7 +62,11 @@ do_shutdown (void *cls)
     GNUNET_SCHEDULER_cancel (tt);
     tt = NULL;
   }
-  TALER_AUDITOR_disconnect (ah);
+  if (NULL != ah)
+  {
+    TALER_AUDITOR_get_config_cancel (ah);
+    ah = NULL;
+  }
   GNUNET_CURL_fini (ctx);
   GNUNET_CURL_gnunet_rc_destroy (rc);
 }
@@ -82,20 +86,16 @@ do_timeout (void *cls)
  * Function called with information about the auditor.
  *
  * @param cls closure
- * @param hr http response details
- * @param vi basic information about the auditor
- * @param compat protocol compatibility information
+ * @param vr response details
  */
 static void
 version_cb (void *cls,
-            const struct TALER_AUDITOR_HttpResponse *hr,
-            const struct TALER_AUDITOR_VersionInformation *vi,
-            enum TALER_AUDITOR_VersionCompatibility compat)
+            const struct TALER_AUDITOR_ConfigResponse *vr)
 {
   (void) cls;
-  (void) hr;
-  if ( (NULL != vi) &&
-       (TALER_AUDITOR_VC_MATCH == compat) )
+  ah = NULL;
+  if ( (MHD_HTTP_OK == vr->hr.http_status) &&
+       (TALER_AUDITOR_VC_MATCH == vr->details.ok.compat) )
     global_ret = 0;
   else
     global_ret = 2;
@@ -118,10 +118,10 @@ run (void *cls)
   ctx = GNUNET_CURL_init (&GNUNET_CURL_gnunet_scheduler_reschedule,
                           &rc);
   rc = GNUNET_CURL_gnunet_rc_create (ctx);
-  ah = TALER_AUDITOR_connect (ctx,
-                              auditor_url,
-                              &version_cb,
-                              NULL);
+  ah = TALER_AUDITOR_get_config (ctx,
+                                 auditor_url,
+                                 &version_cb,
+                                 NULL);
   GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_shutdown (&do_shutdown,
                                  NULL);
   tt = GNUNET_SCHEDULER_add_delayed (GNUNET_TIME_UNIT_SECONDS,
diff --git a/src/testing/test_bank_api.c b/src/testing/test_bank_api.c
index a2afdf06e..e197b152c 100644
--- a/src/testing/test_bank_api.c
+++ b/src/testing/test_bank_api.c
@@ -142,8 +142,8 @@ run (void *cls,
         "fetch-transactions-at-nexus",
         "exchange", /* from taler-nexus-prepare */
         "x", /* from taler-nexus-prepare */
-        "http://localhost:5001",
-        "my-bank-account") /* from taler-nexus-prepare */
+        "http://localhost:8082",
+        "exchange-nexus") /* from taler-nexus-prepare */
       : TALER_TESTING_cmd_sleep ("nop",
                                  0),
       TALER_TESTING_cmd_bank_debits ("history-2b",
diff --git a/src/testing/test_exchange_api.conf b/src/testing/test_exchange_api.conf
index 9ed12412e..b7f8c5c60 100644
--- a/src/testing/test_exchange_api.conf
+++ b/src/testing/test_exchange_api.conf
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ CURRENCY_ROUND_UNIT = EUR:0.01
 [auditor]
 BASE_URL = "http://localhost:8083/"
 PORT = 8083
-PUBLIC_KEY = SA7JVMCW3MMN7SYAWJ9AB0BGJDX6MP3PNN2JWQ3T8233MDSQC7Z0
+PUBLIC_KEY = T0XJ9QZ59YDN7QG3RE40SB2HY7W0ASR1EKF4WZDGZ1G159RSQC80
 TINY_AMOUNT = EUR:0.01
 
 [auditordb-postgres]
diff --git a/src/testing/test_exchange_api_home/taler/auditor/offline-keys/auditor.priv b/src/testing/test_exchange_api_home/taler/auditor/offline-keys/auditor.priv
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7e712e483
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/testing/test_exchange_api_home/taler/auditor/offline-keys/auditor.priv
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+�G,U���{�~#r�-��H���������
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_auditor_deposit_confirmation.c b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_auditor_deposit_confirmation.c
index c6a1516e7..5c7b76a31 100644
--- a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_auditor_deposit_confirmation.c
+++ b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_auditor_deposit_confirmation.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
   This file is part of TALER
-  Copyright (C) 2018, 2021 Taler Systems SA
+  Copyright (C) 2018-2023 Taler Systems SA
 
   TALER is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -132,13 +132,15 @@ do_retry (void *cls)
  * to check if the response code is acceptable.
  *
  * @param cls closure.
- * @param hr HTTP response details
+ * @param dcr response details
  */
 static void
-deposit_confirmation_cb (void *cls,
-                         const struct TALER_AUDITOR_HttpResponse *hr)
+deposit_confirmation_cb (
+  void *cls,
+  const struct TALER_AUDITOR_DepositConfirmationResponse *dcr)
 {
   struct DepositConfirmationState *dcs = cls;
+  const struct TALER_AUDITOR_HttpResponse *hr = &dcr->hr;
 
   dcs->dc = NULL;
   if (dcs->expected_response_code != hr->http_status)
@@ -208,7 +210,7 @@ deposit_confirmation_run (void *cls,
   const struct TALER_CoinSpendPrivateKeyP *coin_priv;
   const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys;
   const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_SigningPublicKey *spk;
-  struct TALER_AUDITOR_Handle *auditor;
+  const char *auditor_url;
   struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange
     = TALER_TESTING_get_exchange (is);
 
@@ -229,9 +231,14 @@ deposit_confirmation_run (void *cls,
       TALER_TESTING_interpreter_fail (is);
       return;
     }
-    GNUNET_assert (GNUNET_OK ==
-                   TALER_TESTING_get_trait_auditor (auditor_cmd,
-                                                    &auditor));
+    if (GNUNET_OK !=
+        TALER_TESTING_get_trait_auditor_url (auditor_cmd,
+                                             &auditor_url))
+    {
+      GNUNET_break (0);
+      TALER_TESTING_interpreter_fail (is);
+      return;
+    }
   }
   deposit_cmd
     = TALER_TESTING_interpreter_lookup_command (is,
@@ -317,25 +324,27 @@ deposit_confirmation_run (void *cls,
     if (GNUNET_TIME_absolute_is_zero (refund_deadline.abs_time))
       refund_deadline = timestamp;
   }
-  dcs->dc = TALER_AUDITOR_deposit_confirmation (auditor,
-                                                &h_wire,
-                                                &no_h_policy,
-                                                &h_contract_terms,
-                                                *exchange_timestamp,
-                                                *wire_deadline,
-                                                refund_deadline,
-                                                &amount_without_fee,
-                                                &coin_pub,
-                                                &merchant_pub,
-                                                exchange_pub,
-                                                exchange_sig,
-                                                &keys->master_pub,
-                                                spk->valid_from,
-                                                spk->valid_until,
-                                                spk->valid_legal,
-                                                &spk->master_sig,
-                                                &deposit_confirmation_cb,
-                                                dcs);
+  dcs->dc = TALER_AUDITOR_deposit_confirmation (
+    TALER_TESTING_interpreter_get_context (is),
+    auditor_url,
+    &h_wire,
+    &no_h_policy,
+    &h_contract_terms,
+    *exchange_timestamp,
+    *wire_deadline,
+    refund_deadline,
+    &amount_without_fee,
+    &coin_pub,
+    &merchant_pub,
+    exchange_pub,
+    exchange_sig,
+    &keys->master_pub,
+    spk->valid_from,
+    spk->valid_until,
+    spk->valid_legal,
+    &spk->master_sig,
+    &deposit_confirmation_cb,
+    dcs);
 
   if (NULL == dcs->dc)
   {
diff --git a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_auditor_exchanges.c b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_auditor_exchanges.c
index 070b6409d..aa9a1bfb7 100644
--- a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_auditor_exchanges.c
+++ b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_auditor_exchanges.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
   This file is part of TALER
-  Copyright (C) 2018 Taler Systems SA
+  Copyright (C) 2018-2023 Taler Systems SA
 
   TALER is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -127,11 +127,10 @@ do_retry (void *cls)
  */
 static void
 exchanges_cb (void *cls,
-              const struct TALER_AUDITOR_HttpResponse *hr,
-              unsigned int num_exchanges,
-              const struct TALER_AUDITOR_ExchangeInfo *ei)
+              const struct TALER_AUDITOR_ListExchangesResponse *ler)
 {
   struct ExchangesState *es = cls;
+  const struct TALER_AUDITOR_HttpResponse *hr = &ler->hr;
 
   es->leh = NULL;
   if (es->expected_response_code != hr->http_status)
@@ -164,24 +163,30 @@ exchanges_cb (void *cls,
                                      hr->http_status);
     return;
   }
+  if (MHD_HTTP_OK != hr->http_status)
+  {
+    TALER_TESTING_interpreter_next (es->is);
+    return;
+  }
   if (NULL != es->exchange_url)
   {
-    unsigned int found = GNUNET_NO;
+    bool found = false;
+    unsigned int num_exchanges = ler->details.ok.num_exchanges;
+    const struct TALER_AUDITOR_ExchangeInfo *ei = ler->details.ok.ei;
 
     for (unsigned int i = 0;
          i<num_exchanges;
          i++)
       if (0 == strcmp (es->exchange_url,
                        ei[i].exchange_url))
-        found = GNUNET_YES;
-    if (GNUNET_NO == found)
+        found = true;
+    if (! found)
     {
       TALER_LOG_ERROR ("Exchange '%s' doesn't exist at this auditor\n",
                        es->exchange_url);
       TALER_TESTING_interpreter_fail (es->is);
       return;
     }
-
     TALER_LOG_DEBUG ("Exchange '%s' exists at this auditor!\n",
                      es->exchange_url);
   }
@@ -203,7 +208,7 @@ exchanges_run (void *cls,
 {
   struct ExchangesState *es = cls;
   const struct TALER_TESTING_Command *auditor_cmd;
-  struct TALER_AUDITOR_Handle *auditor;
+  const char *auditor_url;
 
   (void) cmd;
   auditor_cmd = TALER_TESTING_interpreter_get_command (is,
@@ -214,15 +219,20 @@ exchanges_run (void *cls,
     TALER_TESTING_interpreter_fail (is);
     return;
   }
-  GNUNET_assert (GNUNET_OK ==
-                 TALER_TESTING_get_trait_auditor (auditor_cmd,
-                                                  &auditor));
-
+  if (GNUNET_OK !=
+      TALER_TESTING_get_trait_auditor_url (auditor_cmd,
+                                           &auditor_url))
+  {
+    GNUNET_break (0);
+    TALER_TESTING_interpreter_fail (is);
+    return;
+  }
   es->is = is;
-  es->leh = TALER_AUDITOR_list_exchanges (auditor,
-                                          &exchanges_cb,
-                                          es);
-
+  es->leh = TALER_AUDITOR_list_exchanges (
+    TALER_TESTING_interpreter_get_context (is),
+    auditor_url,
+    &exchanges_cb,
+    es);
   if (NULL == es->leh)
   {
     GNUNET_break (0);
@@ -287,14 +297,6 @@ exchanges_traits (void *cls,
 }
 
 
-/**
- * Create a "list exchanges" command.
- *
- * @param label command label.
- * @param auditor auditor connection.
- * @param expected_response_code expected HTTP response code.
- * @return the command.
- */
 struct TALER_TESTING_Command
 TALER_TESTING_cmd_exchanges (const char *label,
                              unsigned int expected_response_code)
@@ -318,16 +320,6 @@ TALER_TESTING_cmd_exchanges (const char *label,
 }
 
 
-/**
- * Create a "list exchanges" command and check whether
- * a particular exchange belongs to the returned bundle.
- *
- * @param label command label.
- * @param expected_response_code expected HTTP response code.
- * @param exchange_url URL of the exchange supposed to
- *  be included in the response.
- * @return the command.
- */
 struct TALER_TESTING_Command
 TALER_TESTING_cmd_exchanges_with_url (const char *label,
                                       unsigned int expected_response_code,
diff --git a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_bank_history_credit.c b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_bank_history_credit.c
index 286d06314..f2fb70e0a 100644
--- a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_bank_history_credit.c
+++ b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_bank_history_credit.c
@@ -288,8 +288,7 @@ command_cb (void *cls,
  * to be allocated, and the second to actually populate every
  * element.
  *
- * @param is interpreter state (supposedly having the
- *        current CMD pointing at a "history" CMD).
+ * @param hs history state
  * @param[out] rh history array to initialize.
  * @return number of entries in @a rh.
  */
diff --git a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_batch_deposit.c b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_batch_deposit.c
index 6a05071af..0a4fbd251 100644
--- a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_batch_deposit.c
+++ b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_batch_deposit.c
@@ -251,12 +251,15 @@ batch_deposit_run (void *cls,
                                  &wire_salt),
     GNUNET_JSON_spec_end ()
   };
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange
-    = TALER_TESTING_get_exchange (is);
+  const char *exchange_url
+    = TALER_TESTING_get_exchange_url (is);
 
   (void) cmd;
-  if (NULL == exchange)
+  if (NULL == exchange_url)
+  {
+    GNUNET_break (0);
     return;
+  }
   memset (cdds,
           0,
           sizeof (cdds));
@@ -383,13 +386,16 @@ batch_deposit_run (void *cls,
       .refund_deadline = ds->refund_deadline
     };
 
-    ds->dh = TALER_EXCHANGE_batch_deposit (exchange,
-                                           &dcd,
-                                           ds->num_coins,
-                                           cdds,
-                                           &batch_deposit_cb,
-                                           ds,
-                                           &ec);
+    ds->dh = TALER_EXCHANGE_batch_deposit (
+      TALER_TESTING_interpreter_get_context (is),
+      exchange_url,
+      TALER_TESTING_get_keys (is),
+      &dcd,
+      ds->num_coins,
+      cdds,
+      &batch_deposit_cb,
+      ds,
+      &ec);
   }
   if (NULL == ds->dh)
   {
diff --git a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_contract_get.c b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_contract_get.c
index adde3ed22..902ec4a4a 100644
--- a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_contract_get.c
+++ b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_contract_get.c
@@ -190,13 +190,16 @@ get_run (void *cls,
   struct ContractGetState *ds = cls;
   const struct TALER_ContractDiffiePrivateP *contract_priv;
   const struct TALER_TESTING_Command *ref;
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange
-    = TALER_TESTING_get_exchange (is);
+  const char *exchange_url;
 
   (void) cmd;
-  if (NULL == exchange)
-    return;
   ds->is = is;
+  exchange_url = TALER_TESTING_get_exchange_url (is);
+  if (NULL == exchange_url)
+  {
+    GNUNET_break (0);
+    return;
+  }
   ref = TALER_TESTING_interpreter_lookup_command (ds->is,
                                                   ds->contract_ref);
   GNUNET_assert (NULL != ref);
@@ -210,7 +213,8 @@ get_run (void *cls,
   }
   ds->contract_priv = *contract_priv;
   ds->dh = TALER_EXCHANGE_contract_get (
-    exchange,
+    TALER_TESTING_interpreter_get_context (is),
+    exchange_url,
     contract_priv,
     &get_cb,
     ds);
diff --git a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_deposit.c b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_deposit.c
index 3d5c00abd..f2a3a2698 100644
--- a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_deposit.c
+++ b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_deposit.c
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ struct DepositState
   /**
    * Deposit handle while operation is running.
    */
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_DepositHandle *dh;
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_BatchDepositHandle *dh;
 
   /**
    * Timestamp of the /deposit operation in the wallet (contract signing time).
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ do_retry (void *cls)
  */
 static void
 deposit_cb (void *cls,
-            const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_DepositResult *dr)
+            const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_BatchDepositResult *dr)
 {
   struct DepositState *ds = cls;
 
@@ -254,10 +254,11 @@ deposit_cb (void *cls,
   }
   if (MHD_HTTP_OK == dr->hr.http_status)
   {
+    GNUNET_assert (1 == dr->details.ok.num_signatures);
     ds->deposit_succeeded = GNUNET_YES;
     ds->exchange_timestamp = dr->details.ok.deposit_timestamp;
     ds->exchange_pub = *dr->details.ok.exchange_pub;
-    ds->exchange_sig = *dr->details.ok.exchange_sig;
+    ds->exchange_sig = dr->details.ok.exchange_sigs[0];
   }
   TALER_TESTING_interpreter_next (ds->is);
 }
@@ -296,12 +297,15 @@ deposit_run (void *cls,
                                  &wire_salt),
     GNUNET_JSON_spec_end ()
   };
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange
-    = TALER_TESTING_get_exchange (is);
+  const char *exchange_url
+    = TALER_TESTING_get_exchange_url (is);
 
   (void) cmd;
-  if (NULL == exchange)
+  if (NULL == exchange_url)
+  {
+    GNUNET_break (0);
     return;
+  }
   ds->is = is;
   if (NULL != ds->deposit_reference)
   {
@@ -469,12 +473,16 @@ deposit_run (void *cls,
       .refund_deadline = ds->refund_deadline
     };
 
-    ds->dh = TALER_EXCHANGE_deposit (exchange,
-                                     &dcd,
-                                     &cdd,
-                                     &deposit_cb,
-                                     ds,
-                                     &ec);
+    ds->dh = TALER_EXCHANGE_batch_deposit (
+      TALER_TESTING_interpreter_get_context (is),
+      exchange_url,
+      TALER_TESTING_get_keys (is),
+      &dcd,
+      1,
+      &cdd,
+      &deposit_cb,
+      ds,
+      &ec);
   }
   if (NULL == ds->dh)
   {
@@ -505,7 +513,7 @@ deposit_cleanup (void *cls,
   {
     TALER_TESTING_command_incomplete (ds->is,
                                       cmd->label);
-    TALER_EXCHANGE_deposit_cancel (ds->dh);
+    TALER_EXCHANGE_batch_deposit_cancel (ds->dh);
     ds->dh = NULL;
   }
   if (NULL != ds->retry_task)
diff --git a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_deposits_get.c b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_deposits_get.c
index 972a85b7c..165af9b18 100644
--- a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_deposits_get.c
+++ b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_deposits_get.c
@@ -198,12 +198,8 @@ track_transaction_run (void *cls,
   struct TALER_MerchantWireHashP h_wire_details;
   struct TALER_PrivateContractHashP h_contract_terms;
   const struct TALER_MerchantPrivateKeyP *merchant_priv;
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange
-    = TALER_TESTING_get_exchange (is);
 
   tts->cmd = cmd;
-  if (NULL == exchange)
-    return;
   tts->is = is;
   transaction_cmd
     = TALER_TESTING_interpreter_lookup_command (tts->is,
@@ -275,14 +271,17 @@ track_transaction_run (void *cls,
     return;
   }
 
-  tts->tth = TALER_EXCHANGE_deposits_get (exchange,
-                                          merchant_priv,
-                                          &h_wire_details,
-                                          &h_contract_terms,
-                                          &coin_pub,
-                                          GNUNET_TIME_UNIT_ZERO,
-                                          &deposit_wtid_cb,
-                                          tts);
+  tts->tth = TALER_EXCHANGE_deposits_get (
+    TALER_TESTING_interpreter_get_context (is),
+    TALER_TESTING_get_exchange_url (is),
+    TALER_TESTING_get_keys (is),
+    merchant_priv,
+    &h_wire_details,
+    &h_contract_terms,
+    &coin_pub,
+    GNUNET_TIME_UNIT_ZERO,
+    &deposit_wtid_cb,
+    tts);
   GNUNET_assert (NULL != tts->tth);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_get_auditor.c b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_get_auditor.c
index 42c887da9..e1ae8ba54 100644
--- a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_get_auditor.c
+++ b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_get_auditor.c
@@ -49,9 +49,9 @@ struct GetAuditorState
   struct TALER_TESTING_Interpreter *is;
 
   /**
-   * Auditor handle we produced.
+   * Auditor handle used to get the configuration.
    */
-  struct TALER_AUDITOR_Handle *auditor;
+  struct TALER_AUDITOR_GetConfigHandle *auditor;
 
   /**
    * URL of the auditor.
@@ -70,23 +70,28 @@ struct GetAuditorState
  * Function called with information about the auditor.
  *
  * @param cls closure
- * @param hr HTTP response data
- * @param vi basic information about the auditor
- * @param compat protocol compatibility information
+ * @param vr response data
  */
 static void
 version_cb (
   void *cls,
-  const struct TALER_AUDITOR_HttpResponse *hr,
-  const struct TALER_AUDITOR_VersionInformation *vi,
-  enum TALER_AUDITOR_VersionCompatibility compat)
+  const struct TALER_AUDITOR_ConfigResponse *vr)
 {
   struct GetAuditorState *gas = cls;
 
-  if (MHD_HTTP_OK != hr->http_status)
+  gas->auditor = NULL;
+  if (MHD_HTTP_OK != vr->hr.http_status)
   {
     TALER_TESTING_unexpected_status (gas->is,
-                                     hr->http_status);
+                                     vr->hr.http_status);
+    return;
+  }
+  if ( (NULL != gas->priv_file) &&
+       (0 != GNUNET_memcmp (&gas->auditor_pub,
+                            &vr->details.ok.vi.auditor_pub)) )
+  {
+    GNUNET_break (0);
+    TALER_TESTING_interpreter_fail (gas->is);
     return;
   }
   TALER_TESTING_interpreter_next (gas->is);
@@ -130,10 +135,10 @@ get_auditor_run (void *cls,
   }
   gas->is = is;
   gas->auditor
-    = TALER_AUDITOR_connect (TALER_TESTING_interpreter_get_context (is),
-                             gas->auditor_url,
-                             &version_cb,
-                             gas);
+    = TALER_AUDITOR_get_config (TALER_TESTING_interpreter_get_context (is),
+                                gas->auditor_url,
+                                &version_cb,
+                                gas);
   if (NULL == gas->auditor)
   {
     GNUNET_break (0);
@@ -157,7 +162,8 @@ get_auditor_cleanup (void *cls,
 
   if (NULL != gas->auditor)
   {
-    TALER_AUDITOR_disconnect (gas->auditor);
+    GNUNET_break (0);
+    TALER_AUDITOR_get_config_cancel (gas->auditor);
     gas->auditor = NULL;
   }
   GNUNET_free (gas->priv_file);
@@ -186,7 +192,6 @@ get_auditor_traits (void *cls,
   struct TALER_TESTING_Trait traits[] = {
     TALER_TESTING_make_trait_auditor_priv (&gas->auditor_priv),
     TALER_TESTING_make_trait_auditor_pub (&gas->auditor_pub),
-    TALER_TESTING_make_trait_auditor (gas->auditor),
     TALER_TESTING_make_trait_auditor_url (gas->auditor_url),
     TALER_TESTING_trait_end ()
   };
diff --git a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_get_exchange.c b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_get_exchange.c
index 2fc8ba77e..2822616c0 100644
--- a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_get_exchange.c
+++ b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_get_exchange.c
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ get_exchange_traits (void *cls,
 {
   struct GetExchangeState *ges = cls;
   unsigned int off = (NULL == ges->master_priv_file) ? 1 : 0;
-  const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys
     = TALER_EXCHANGE_get_keys (ges->exchange);
 
   if (NULL != keys)
@@ -198,6 +198,7 @@ get_exchange_traits (void *cls,
       TALER_TESTING_make_trait_master_priv (&ges->master_priv),
       TALER_TESTING_make_trait_master_pub (&keys->master_pub),
       TALER_TESTING_make_trait_exchange (ges->exchange),
+      TALER_TESTING_make_trait_keys (keys),
       TALER_TESTING_make_trait_exchange_url (ges->exchange_url),
       TALER_TESTING_trait_end ()
     };
diff --git a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_kyc_proof.c b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_kyc_proof.c
index 291378d97..c0fe7495a 100644
--- a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_kyc_proof.c
+++ b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_kyc_proof.c
@@ -127,13 +127,16 @@ proof_kyc_run (void *cls,
   const struct TALER_TESTING_Command *res_cmd;
   const struct TALER_PaytoHashP *h_payto;
   char *uargs;
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange
-    = TALER_TESTING_get_exchange (is);
+  const char *exchange_url;
 
   (void) cmd;
-  if (NULL == exchange)
-    return;
   kps->is = is;
+  exchange_url = TALER_TESTING_get_exchange_url (is);
+  if (NULL == exchange_url)
+  {
+    GNUNET_break (0);
+    return;
+  }
   res_cmd = TALER_TESTING_interpreter_lookup_command (
     kps->is,
     kps->payment_target_reference);
@@ -157,12 +160,14 @@ proof_kyc_run (void *cls,
     GNUNET_asprintf (&uargs,
                      "&code=%s",
                      kps->code);
-  kps->kph = TALER_EXCHANGE_kyc_proof (exchange,
-                                       h_payto,
-                                       kps->logic,
-                                       uargs,
-                                       &proof_kyc_cb,
-                                       kps);
+  kps->kph = TALER_EXCHANGE_kyc_proof (
+    TALER_TESTING_interpreter_get_context (is),
+    exchange_url,
+    h_payto,
+    kps->logic,
+    uargs,
+    &proof_kyc_cb,
+    kps);
   GNUNET_free (uargs);
   GNUNET_assert (NULL != kps->kph);
 }
diff --git a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_kyc_wallet_get.c b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_kyc_wallet_get.c
index 5f6eaeb4c..fa6edab20 100644
--- a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_kyc_wallet_get.c
+++ b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_kyc_wallet_get.c
@@ -147,13 +147,16 @@ wallet_kyc_run (void *cls,
                 struct TALER_TESTING_Interpreter *is)
 {
   struct KycWalletGetState *kwg = cls;
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange
-    = TALER_TESTING_get_exchange (is);
+  const char *exchange_url;
 
   kwg->cmd = cmd;
-  if (NULL == exchange)
-    return;
   kwg->is = is;
+  exchange_url = TALER_TESTING_get_exchange_url (is);
+  if (NULL == exchange_url)
+  {
+    GNUNET_break (0);
+    return;
+  }
   if (NULL != kwg->reserve_reference)
   {
     const struct TALER_TESTING_Command *res_cmd;
@@ -185,13 +188,15 @@ wallet_kyc_run (void *cls,
   GNUNET_CRYPTO_eddsa_key_get_public (&kwg->reserve_priv.eddsa_priv,
                                       &kwg->reserve_pub.eddsa_pub);
   kwg->reserve_payto_uri
-    = TALER_reserve_make_payto (TALER_EXCHANGE_get_base_url (exchange),
+    = TALER_reserve_make_payto (exchange_url,
                                 &kwg->reserve_pub);
-  kwg->kwh = TALER_EXCHANGE_kyc_wallet (exchange,
-                                        &kwg->reserve_priv,
-                                        &kwg->balance,
-                                        &wallet_kyc_cb,
-                                        kwg);
+  kwg->kwh = TALER_EXCHANGE_kyc_wallet (
+    TALER_TESTING_interpreter_get_context (is),
+    exchange_url,
+    &kwg->reserve_priv,
+    &kwg->balance,
+    &wallet_kyc_cb,
+    kwg);
   GNUNET_assert (NULL != kwg->kwh);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_purse_create_deposit.c b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_purse_create_deposit.c
index 2f13849d2..36dbfbff1 100644
--- a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_purse_create_deposit.c
+++ b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_purse_create_deposit.c
@@ -189,12 +189,8 @@ deposit_run (void *cls,
 {
   struct PurseCreateDepositState *ds = cls;
   struct TALER_EXCHANGE_PurseDeposit deposits[ds->num_coin_references];
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange
-    = TALER_TESTING_get_exchange (is);
 
   (void) cmd;
-  if (NULL == exchange)
-    return;
   ds->is = is;
   for (unsigned int i = 0; i<ds->num_coin_references; i++)
   {
@@ -259,7 +255,9 @@ deposit_run (void *cls,
                    "pay_deadline",
                    GNUNET_JSON_from_timestamp (ds->purse_expiration)));
   ds->dh = TALER_EXCHANGE_purse_create_with_deposit (
-    exchange,
+    TALER_TESTING_interpreter_get_context (is),
+    TALER_TESTING_get_exchange_url (is),
+    TALER_TESTING_get_keys (is),
     &ds->purse_priv,
     &ds->merge_priv,
     &ds->contract_priv,
diff --git a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_purse_delete.c b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_purse_delete.c
index 758524ae2..f6b7d5735 100644
--- a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_purse_delete.c
+++ b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_purse_delete.c
@@ -97,12 +97,15 @@ purse_delete_run (void *cls,
   struct PurseDeleteState *pds = cls;
   const struct TALER_PurseContractPrivateKeyP *purse_priv;
   const struct TALER_TESTING_Command *ref;
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange
-    = TALER_TESTING_get_exchange (is);
+  const char *exchange_url;
 
   (void) cmd;
-  if (NULL == exchange)
+  exchange_url = TALER_TESTING_get_exchange_url (is);
+  if (NULL == exchange_url)
+  {
+    GNUNET_break (0);
     return;
+  }
   ref = TALER_TESTING_interpreter_lookup_command (is,
                                                   pds->purse_cmd);
   if (NULL == ref)
@@ -121,7 +124,8 @@ purse_delete_run (void *cls,
   }
   pds->is = is;
   pds->pdh = TALER_EXCHANGE_purse_delete (
-    exchange,
+    TALER_TESTING_interpreter_get_context (is),
+    exchange_url,
     purse_priv,
     &purse_delete_cb,
     pds);
diff --git a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_purse_deposit.c b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_purse_deposit.c
index fb1d51551..8bddc53a6 100644
--- a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_purse_deposit.c
+++ b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_purse_deposit.c
@@ -259,11 +259,7 @@ deposit_run (void *cls,
   struct TALER_EXCHANGE_PurseDeposit deposits[ds->num_coin_references];
   const struct TALER_PurseContractPublicKeyP *purse_pub;
   const struct TALER_TESTING_Command *purse_cmd;
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange
-    = TALER_TESTING_get_exchange (is);
 
-  if (NULL == exchange)
-    return;
   (void) cmd;
   ds->is = is;
   purse_cmd = TALER_TESTING_interpreter_lookup_command (is,
@@ -321,7 +317,9 @@ deposit_run (void *cls,
   }
 
   ds->dh = TALER_EXCHANGE_purse_deposit (
-    exchange,
+    TALER_TESTING_interpreter_get_context (is),
+    TALER_TESTING_get_exchange_url (is),
+    TALER_TESTING_get_keys (is),
     NULL, /* FIXME #7271: WADs support: purse exchange URL */
     &ds->purse_pub,
     ds->min_age,
diff --git a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_purse_get.c b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_purse_get.c
index 235ae63cd..d5246660b 100644
--- a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_purse_get.c
+++ b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_purse_get.c
@@ -183,11 +183,7 @@ status_run (void *cls,
 {
   struct StatusState *ss = cls;
   const struct TALER_TESTING_Command *create_purse;
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange
-    = TALER_TESTING_get_exchange (is);
 
-  if (NULL == exchange)
-    return;
   ss->is = is;
   create_purse
     = TALER_TESTING_interpreter_lookup_command (is,
@@ -202,12 +198,15 @@ status_run (void *cls,
     TALER_TESTING_interpreter_fail (is);
     return;
   }
-  ss->pgh = TALER_EXCHANGE_purse_get (exchange,
-                                      ss->purse_pub,
-                                      ss->timeout,
-                                      ss->wait_for_merge,
-                                      &purse_status_cb,
-                                      ss);
+  ss->pgh = TALER_EXCHANGE_purse_get (
+    TALER_TESTING_interpreter_get_context (is),
+    TALER_TESTING_get_exchange_url (is),
+    TALER_TESTING_get_keys (is),
+    ss->purse_pub,
+    ss->timeout,
+    ss->wait_for_merge,
+    &purse_status_cb,
+    ss);
   if (! GNUNET_TIME_relative_is_zero (ss->timeout))
   {
     TALER_TESTING_interpreter_next (is);
diff --git a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_purse_merge.c b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_purse_merge.c
index 8f4f6b3c7..503ef162d 100644
--- a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_purse_merge.c
+++ b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_purse_merge.c
@@ -201,12 +201,8 @@ merge_run (void *cls,
   const struct TALER_PurseMergePrivateKeyP *merge_priv;
   const json_t *ct;
   const struct TALER_TESTING_Command *ref;
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange
-    = TALER_TESTING_get_exchange (is);
 
   (void) cmd;
-  if (NULL == exchange)
-    return;
   ds->is = is;
   ref = TALER_TESTING_interpreter_lookup_command (ds->is,
                                                   ds->merge_ref);
@@ -322,7 +318,9 @@ merge_run (void *cls,
                                       &ds->merge_pub.eddsa_pub);
   ds->merge_timestamp = GNUNET_TIME_timestamp_get ();
   ds->dh = TALER_EXCHANGE_account_merge (
-    exchange,
+    TALER_TESTING_interpreter_get_context (is),
+    TALER_TESTING_get_exchange_url (is),
+    TALER_TESTING_get_keys (is),
     NULL, /* no wad */
     &ds->reserve_priv,
     &ds->purse_pub,
diff --git a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_recoup.c b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_recoup.c
index 9483b1582..263a33034 100644
--- a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_recoup.c
+++ b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_recoup.c
@@ -182,11 +182,7 @@ recoup_run (void *cls,
   char *cref;
   unsigned int idx;
   const struct TALER_ExchangeWithdrawValues *ewv;
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange
-    = TALER_TESTING_get_exchange (is);
 
-  if (NULL == exchange)
-    return;
   ps->is = is;
   if (GNUNET_OK !=
       TALER_TESTING_parse_coin_reference (
@@ -259,13 +255,16 @@ recoup_run (void *cls,
   GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_INFO,
               "Trying to recoup denomination '%s'\n",
               TALER_B2S (&denom_pub->h_key));
-  ps->ph = TALER_EXCHANGE_recoup (exchange,
-                                  denom_pub,
-                                  coin_sig,
-                                  ewv,
-                                  planchet,
-                                  &recoup_cb,
-                                  ps);
+  ps->ph = TALER_EXCHANGE_recoup (
+    TALER_TESTING_interpreter_get_context (is),
+    TALER_TESTING_get_exchange_url (is),
+    TALER_TESTING_get_keys (is),
+    denom_pub,
+    coin_sig,
+    ewv,
+    planchet,
+    &recoup_cb,
+    ps);
   GNUNET_assert (NULL != ps->ph);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_recoup_refresh.c b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_recoup_refresh.c
index 1c7456c73..7de5b96df 100644
--- a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_recoup_refresh.c
+++ b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_recoup_refresh.c
@@ -184,11 +184,7 @@ recoup_refresh_run (void *cls,
   const struct TALER_ExchangeWithdrawValues *ewv;
   char *cref;
   unsigned int idx;
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange
-    = TALER_TESTING_get_exchange (is);
 
-  if (NULL == exchange)
-    return;
   rrs->is = is;
   if (GNUNET_OK !=
       TALER_TESTING_parse_coin_reference (
@@ -273,15 +269,18 @@ recoup_refresh_run (void *cls,
   GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_INFO,
               "Trying to recoup_refresh denomination '%s'\n",
               TALER_B2S (&denom_pub->h_key));
-  rrs->ph = TALER_EXCHANGE_recoup_refresh (exchange,
-                                           denom_pub,
-                                           coin_sig,
-                                           ewv,
-                                           rplanchet,
-                                           planchet,
-                                           idx,
-                                           &recoup_refresh_cb,
-                                           rrs);
+  rrs->ph = TALER_EXCHANGE_recoup_refresh (
+    TALER_TESTING_interpreter_get_context (is),
+    TALER_TESTING_get_exchange_url (is),
+    TALER_TESTING_get_keys (is),
+    denom_pub,
+    coin_sig,
+    ewv,
+    rplanchet,
+    planchet,
+    idx,
+    &recoup_refresh_cb,
+    rrs);
   GNUNET_assert (NULL != rrs->ph);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_refresh.c b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_refresh.c
index a15e8dbc6..dfaf31fd4 100644
--- a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_refresh.c
+++ b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_refresh.c
@@ -496,12 +496,8 @@ refresh_reveal_run (void *cls,
   struct RefreshRevealState *rrs = cls;
   struct RefreshMeltState *rms;
   const struct TALER_TESTING_Command *melt_cmd;
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange
-    = TALER_TESTING_get_exchange (is);
 
   rrs->cmd = cmd;
-  if (NULL == exchange)
-    return;
   rrs->is = is;
   melt_cmd = TALER_TESTING_interpreter_lookup_command (is,
                                                        rrs->melt_reference);
@@ -518,14 +514,16 @@ refresh_reveal_run (void *cls,
 
     for (unsigned int i = 0; i<rms->num_fresh_coins; i++)
       alg_values[i] = rms->mbds[i].alg_value;
-    rrs->rrh = TALER_EXCHANGE_refreshes_reveal (exchange,
-                                                &rms->rms,
-                                                &rms->refresh_data,
-                                                rms->num_fresh_coins,
-                                                alg_values,
-                                                rms->noreveal_index,
-                                                &reveal_cb,
-                                                rrs);
+    rrs->rrh = TALER_EXCHANGE_refreshes_reveal (
+      TALER_TESTING_interpreter_get_context (is),
+      TALER_TESTING_get_exchange_url (is),
+      &rms->rms,
+      &rms->refresh_data,
+      rms->num_fresh_coins,
+      alg_values,
+      rms->noreveal_index,
+      &reveal_cb,
+      rrs);
   }
   if (NULL == rrs->rrh)
   {
@@ -783,13 +781,16 @@ refresh_link_run (void *cls,
   const struct TALER_TESTING_Command *reveal_cmd;
   const struct TALER_TESTING_Command *melt_cmd;
   const struct TALER_TESTING_Command *coin_cmd;
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange
-    = TALER_TESTING_get_exchange (is);
+  const char *exchange_url;
 
   rls->cmd = cmd;
-  if (NULL == exchange)
-    return;
   rls->is = is;
+  exchange_url = TALER_TESTING_get_exchange_url (is);
+  if (NULL == exchange_url)
+  {
+    GNUNET_break (0);
+    return;
+  }
   reveal_cmd = TALER_TESTING_interpreter_lookup_command (rls->is,
                                                          rls->reveal_reference);
   if (NULL == reveal_cmd)
@@ -832,11 +833,13 @@ refresh_link_run (void *cls,
   }
 
   /* finally, use private key from withdraw sign command */
-  rls->rlh = TALER_EXCHANGE_link (exchange,
-                                  coin_priv,
-                                  rms->refresh_data.melt_age_commitment_proof,
-                                  &link_cb,
-                                  rls);
+  rls->rlh = TALER_EXCHANGE_link (
+    TALER_TESTING_interpreter_get_context (is),
+    exchange_url,
+    coin_priv,
+    rms->refresh_data.melt_age_commitment_proof,
+    &link_cb,
+    rls);
 
   if (NULL == rls->rlh)
   {
@@ -908,12 +911,8 @@ melt_cb (void *cls,
 {
   struct RefreshMeltState *rms = cls;
   const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_HttpResponse *hr = &mr->hr;
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange
-    = TALER_TESTING_get_exchange (rms->is);
 
   rms->rmh = NULL;
-  if (NULL == exchange)
-    return;
   if (rms->expected_response_code != hr->http_status)
   {
     if (0 != rms->do_retry)
@@ -973,11 +972,14 @@ melt_cb (void *cls,
   {
     TALER_LOG_DEBUG ("Doubling the melt (%s)\n",
                      rms->cmd->label);
-    rms->rmh = TALER_EXCHANGE_melt (exchange,
-                                    &rms->rms,
-                                    &rms->refresh_data,
-                                    &melt_cb,
-                                    rms);
+    rms->rmh = TALER_EXCHANGE_melt (
+      TALER_TESTING_interpreter_get_context (rms->is),
+      TALER_TESTING_get_exchange_url (rms->is),
+      TALER_TESTING_get_keys (rms->is),
+      &rms->rms,
+      &rms->refresh_data,
+      &melt_cb,
+      rms);
     rms->double_melt = false;
     return;
   }
@@ -1149,11 +1151,14 @@ melt_run (void *cls,
     GNUNET_assert (age_restricted ==
                    (NULL != age_commitment_proof));
 
-    rms->rmh = TALER_EXCHANGE_melt (exchange,
-                                    &rms->rms,
-                                    &rms->refresh_data,
-                                    &melt_cb,
-                                    rms);
+    rms->rmh = TALER_EXCHANGE_melt (
+      TALER_TESTING_interpreter_get_context (is),
+      TALER_TESTING_get_exchange_url (is),
+      TALER_TESTING_get_keys (is),
+      &rms->rms,
+      &rms->refresh_data,
+      &melt_cb,
+      rms);
 
     if (NULL == rms->rmh)
     {
diff --git a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_refund.c b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_refund.c
index a3ebd2e85..b8ce85f96 100644
--- a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_refund.c
+++ b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_refund.c
@@ -54,11 +54,6 @@ struct RefundState
   uint64_t refund_transaction_id;
 
   /**
-   * Connection to the exchange.
-   */
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange;
-
-  /**
    * Handle to the refund operation.
    */
   struct TALER_EXCHANGE_RefundHandle *rh;
@@ -116,9 +111,6 @@ refund_run (void *cls,
   const struct TALER_MerchantPrivateKeyP *merchant_priv;
   const struct TALER_TESTING_Command *coin_cmd;
 
-  rs->exchange = TALER_TESTING_get_exchange (is);
-  if (NULL == rs->exchange)
-    return;
   rs->is = is;
   if (GNUNET_OK !=
       TALER_string_to_amount (rs->refund_amount,
@@ -172,14 +164,17 @@ refund_run (void *cls,
     TALER_TESTING_interpreter_fail (is);
     return;
   }
-  rs->rh = TALER_EXCHANGE_refund (rs->exchange,
-                                  &refund_amount,
-                                  &h_contract_terms,
-                                  &coin,
-                                  rs->refund_transaction_id,
-                                  merchant_priv,
-                                  &refund_cb,
-                                  rs);
+  rs->rh = TALER_EXCHANGE_refund (
+    TALER_TESTING_interpreter_get_context (is),
+    TALER_TESTING_get_exchange_url (is),
+    TALER_TESTING_get_keys (is),
+    &refund_amount,
+    &h_contract_terms,
+    &coin,
+    rs->refund_transaction_id,
+    merchant_priv,
+    &refund_cb,
+    rs);
   GNUNET_assert (NULL != rs->rh);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_reserve_attest.c b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_reserve_attest.c
index 77166d2b5..64b15a10d 100644
--- a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_reserve_attest.c
+++ b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_reserve_attest.c
@@ -152,12 +152,15 @@ attest_run (void *cls,
 {
   struct AttestState *ss = cls;
   const struct TALER_TESTING_Command *create_reserve;
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange
-    = TALER_TESTING_get_exchange (is);
+  const char *exchange_url;
 
-  if (NULL == exchange)
-    return;
   ss->is = is;
+  exchange_url = TALER_TESTING_get_exchange_url (is);
+  if (NULL == exchange_url)
+  {
+    GNUNET_break (0);
+    return;
+  }
   create_reserve
     = TALER_TESTING_interpreter_lookup_command (is,
                                                 ss->reserve_reference);
@@ -179,12 +182,14 @@ attest_run (void *cls,
   }
   GNUNET_CRYPTO_eddsa_key_get_public (&ss->reserve_priv->eddsa_priv,
                                       &ss->reserve_pub.eddsa_pub);
-  ss->rsh = TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_attest (exchange,
-                                            ss->reserve_priv,
-                                            ss->attrs_len,
-                                            ss->attrs,
-                                            &reserve_attest_cb,
-                                            ss);
+  ss->rsh = TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_attest (
+    TALER_TESTING_interpreter_get_context (is),
+    exchange_url,
+    ss->reserve_priv,
+    ss->attrs_len,
+    ss->attrs,
+    &reserve_attest_cb,
+    ss);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_reserve_close.c b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_reserve_close.c
index b2929f164..8e272f547 100644
--- a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_reserve_close.c
+++ b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_reserve_close.c
@@ -142,11 +142,7 @@ close_run (void *cls,
 {
   struct CloseState *ss = cls;
   const struct TALER_TESTING_Command *create_reserve;
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange
-    = TALER_TESTING_get_exchange (is);
 
-  if (NULL == exchange)
-    return;
   ss->is = is;
   create_reserve
     = TALER_TESTING_interpreter_lookup_command (is,
@@ -169,11 +165,13 @@ close_run (void *cls,
   }
   GNUNET_CRYPTO_eddsa_key_get_public (&ss->reserve_priv->eddsa_priv,
                                       &ss->reserve_pub.eddsa_pub);
-  ss->rsh = TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_close (exchange,
-                                           ss->reserve_priv,
-                                           ss->target_account,
-                                           &reserve_close_cb,
-                                           ss);
+  ss->rsh = TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_close (
+    TALER_TESTING_interpreter_get_context (is),
+    TALER_TESTING_get_exchange_url (is),
+    ss->reserve_priv,
+    ss->target_account,
+    &reserve_close_cb,
+    ss);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_reserve_get.c b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_reserve_get.c
index a43459401..9a938cf82 100644
--- a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_reserve_get.c
+++ b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_reserve_get.c
@@ -178,12 +178,15 @@ status_run (void *cls,
 {
   struct StatusState *ss = cls;
   const struct TALER_TESTING_Command *create_reserve;
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange
-    = TALER_TESTING_get_exchange (is);
+  const char *exchange_url;
 
-  if (NULL == exchange)
-    return;
   ss->is = is;
+  exchange_url = TALER_TESTING_get_exchange_url (is);
+  if (NULL == exchange_url)
+  {
+    GNUNET_break (0);
+    return;
+  }
   create_reserve
     = TALER_TESTING_interpreter_lookup_command (is,
                                                 ss->reserve_reference);
@@ -197,11 +200,13 @@ status_run (void *cls,
     TALER_TESTING_interpreter_fail (is);
     return;
   }
-  ss->rsh = TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_get (exchange,
-                                         ss->reserve_pubp,
-                                         ss->timeout,
-                                         &reserve_status_cb,
-                                         ss);
+  ss->rsh = TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_get (
+    TALER_TESTING_interpreter_get_context (is),
+    exchange_url,
+    ss->reserve_pubp,
+    ss->timeout,
+    &reserve_status_cb,
+    ss);
   if (! GNUNET_TIME_relative_is_zero (ss->timeout))
   {
     TALER_TESTING_interpreter_next (is);
diff --git a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_reserve_get_attestable.c b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_reserve_get_attestable.c
index 75783e041..ed1eb1355 100644
--- a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_reserve_get_attestable.c
+++ b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_reserve_get_attestable.c
@@ -125,12 +125,15 @@ get_attestable_run (void *cls,
   const struct TALER_TESTING_Command *ref_reserve;
   const struct TALER_ReservePrivateKeyP *reserve_priv;
   const struct TALER_ReservePublicKeyP *reserve_pub;
-  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Handle *exchange
-    = TALER_TESTING_get_exchange (is);
+  const char *exchange_url;
 
-  if (NULL == exchange)
-    return;
   ss->is = is;
+  exchange_url = TALER_TESTING_get_exchange_url (is);
+  if (NULL == exchange_url)
+  {
+    GNUNET_break (0);
+    return;
+  }
   ref_reserve
     = TALER_TESTING_interpreter_lookup_command (is,
                                                 ss->reserve_reference);
@@ -162,10 +165,12 @@ get_attestable_run (void *cls,
     }
     ss->reserve_pub = *reserve_pub;
   }
-  ss->rgah = TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_get_attestable (exchange,
-                                                     &ss->reserve_pub,
-                                                     &reserve_get_attestable_cb,
-                                                     ss);
+  ss->rgah = TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_get_attestable (
+    TALER_TESTING_interpreter_get_context (is),
+    exchange_url,
+    &ss->reserve_pub,
+    &reserve_get_attestable_cb,
+    ss);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_reserve_history.c b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_reserve_history.c
index e9cc11a6d..6e68bbe26 100644
--- a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_reserve_history.c
+++ b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_reserve_history.c
@@ -369,10 +369,13 @@ history_run (void *cls,
   }
   GNUNET_CRYPTO_eddsa_key_get_public (&ss->reserve_priv->eddsa_priv,
                                       &ss->reserve_pub.eddsa_pub);
-  ss->rsh = TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_history (exchange,
-                                             ss->reserve_priv,
-                                             &reserve_history_cb,
-                                             ss);
+  ss->rsh = TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_history (
+    TALER_TESTING_interpreter_get_context (is),
+    TALER_TESTING_get_exchange_url (is),
+    TALER_TESTING_get_keys (is),
+    ss->reserve_priv,
+    &reserve_history_cb,
+    ss);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_reserve_open.c b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_reserve_open.c
index 6a6247b8d..a78662c33 100644
--- a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_reserve_open.c
+++ b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_reserve_open.c
@@ -256,7 +256,9 @@ open_run (void *cls,
     cpi->h_denom_pub = denom_pub->h_key;
   }
   ss->rsh = TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_open (
-    exchange,
+    TALER_TESTING_interpreter_get_context (is),
+    TALER_TESTING_get_exchange_url (is),
+    TALER_TESTING_get_keys (is),
     ss->reserve_priv,
     &ss->reserve_pay,
     ss->cpl,
diff --git a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_reserve_purse.c b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_reserve_purse.c
index 79530803a..7a356c231 100644
--- a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_reserve_purse.c
+++ b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_reserve_purse.c
@@ -245,7 +245,9 @@ purse_run (void *cls,
                    GNUNET_JSON_from_timestamp (ds->purse_expiration)));
   ds->merge_timestamp = GNUNET_TIME_timestamp_get ();
   ds->dh = TALER_EXCHANGE_purse_create_with_merge (
-    exchange,
+    TALER_TESTING_interpreter_get_context (is),
+    TALER_TESTING_get_exchange_url (is),
+    TALER_TESTING_get_keys (is),
     &ds->reserve_priv,
     &ds->purse_priv,
     &ds->merge_priv,
diff --git a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_reserve_status.c b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_reserve_status.c
index 7e7b45cd7..2da1bf740 100644
--- a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_reserve_status.c
+++ b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_reserve_status.c
@@ -341,10 +341,13 @@ status_run (void *cls,
   }
   GNUNET_CRYPTO_eddsa_key_get_public (&ss->reserve_priv->eddsa_priv,
                                       &ss->reserve_pub.eddsa_pub);
-  ss->rsh = TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_status (exchange,
-                                            ss->reserve_priv,
-                                            &reserve_status_cb,
-                                            ss);
+  ss->rsh = TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_status (
+    TALER_TESTING_interpreter_get_context (is),
+    TALER_TESTING_get_exchange_url (is),
+    TALER_TESTING_get_keys (is),
+    ss->reserve_priv,
+    &reserve_status_cb,
+    ss);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_transfer_get.c b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_transfer_get.c
index 10fe48c2c..37fe736ba 100644
--- a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_transfer_get.c
+++ b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_transfer_get.c
@@ -345,10 +345,13 @@ track_transfer_run (void *cls,
     }
     GNUNET_assert (NULL != wtid_ptr);
   }
-  tts->tth = TALER_EXCHANGE_transfers_get (exchange,
-                                           wtid_ptr,
-                                           &track_transfer_cb,
-                                           tts);
+  tts->tth = TALER_EXCHANGE_transfers_get (
+    TALER_TESTING_interpreter_get_context (is),
+    TALER_TESTING_get_exchange_url (is),
+    TALER_TESTING_get_keys (is),
+    wtid_ptr,
+    &track_transfer_cb,
+    tts);
   GNUNET_assert (NULL != tts->tth);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/testing/testing_api_helpers_exchange.c b/src/testing/testing_api_helpers_exchange.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 1444f1545..000000000
--- a/src/testing/testing_api_helpers_exchange.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,796 +0,0 @@
-/*
-  This file is part of TALER
-  Copyright (C) 2018-2020 Taler Systems SA
-
-  TALER is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
-  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
-  published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or
-  (at your option) any later version.
-
-  TALER is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
-  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-  GNU General Public License for more details.
-
-  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
-  License along with TALER; see the file COPYING.  If not, see
-  <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>
-*/
-
-/**
- * @file testing/testing_api_helpers_exchange.c
- * @brief helper functions
- * @author Christian Grothoff
- * @author Marcello Stanisci
- */
-#include "platform.h"
-#include "taler_json_lib.h"
-#include <gnunet/gnunet_curl_lib.h>
-#include "taler_signatures.h"
-#include "taler_extensions.h"
-#include "taler_testing_lib.h"
-
-/**
- * Run multiple taler-exchange-httpd processes in
- * parallel using GNU parallel?
- */
-#define GNU_PARALLEL 0
-
-
-void
-TALER_TESTING_cleanup_files (const char *config_name)
-{
-  if (GNUNET_OK !=
-      GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_parse_and_run (config_name,
-                                          &TALER_TESTING_cleanup_files_cfg,
-                                          NULL))
-    exit (77);
-}
-
-
-enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
-TALER_TESTING_run_auditor_exchange (const char *config_filename,
-                                    const char *exchange_master_pub,
-                                    const char *exchange_base_url,
-                                    int do_remove)
-{
-  struct GNUNET_OS_Process *proc;
-  enum GNUNET_OS_ProcessStatusType type;
-  unsigned long code;
-
-  TALER_LOG_DEBUG ("Add exchange (%s,%s) to the auditor\n",
-                   exchange_base_url,
-                   exchange_master_pub);
-
-  proc = GNUNET_OS_start_process (GNUNET_OS_INHERIT_STD_ALL,
-                                  NULL, NULL, NULL,
-                                  "taler-auditor-exchange",
-                                  "taler-auditor-exchange",
-                                  "-c", config_filename,
-                                  "-u", exchange_base_url,
-                                  "-m", exchange_master_pub,
-                                  (GNUNET_YES == do_remove)
-                                  ? "-r"
-                                  : NULL,
-                                  NULL);
-  if (NULL == proc)
-  {
-    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR,
-                "Failed to run `taler-auditor-exchange`, is your PATH correct?\n");
-    return GNUNET_SYSERR;
-  }
-  GNUNET_assert (GNUNET_OK ==
-                 GNUNET_OS_process_wait_status (proc,
-                                                &type,
-                                                &code));
-  GNUNET_OS_process_destroy (proc);
-  if ( (0 != code) ||
-       (GNUNET_OS_PROCESS_EXITED != type) )
-  {
-    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR,
-                "taler-auditor-exchange terminated with error (%d/%d)\n",
-                (int) type,
-                (int) code);
-    return GNUNET_SYSERR;
-  }
-  return GNUNET_OK;
-}
-
-
-enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
-TALER_TESTING_exchange_db_reset (const char *config_filename)
-{
-  struct GNUNET_OS_Process *proc;
-  enum GNUNET_OS_ProcessStatusType type;
-  unsigned long code;
-
-  proc = GNUNET_OS_start_process (GNUNET_OS_INHERIT_STD_ALL,
-                                  NULL, NULL, NULL,
-                                  "taler-exchange-dbinit",
-                                  "taler-exchange-dbinit",
-                                  "-c", config_filename,
-                                  "-L", "WARNING",
-                                  "-r",
-                                  NULL);
-  if (NULL == proc)
-  {
-    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR,
-                "Failed to run `taler-exchange-dbinit`, is your PATH correct?\n");
-    return GNUNET_NO;
-  }
-  if (GNUNET_SYSERR ==
-      GNUNET_OS_process_wait_status (proc,
-                                     &type,
-                                     &code))
-  {
-    GNUNET_break (0);
-    GNUNET_OS_process_destroy (proc);
-    return GNUNET_SYSERR;
-  }
-  GNUNET_OS_process_destroy (proc);
-  if ( (type == GNUNET_OS_PROCESS_EXITED) &&
-       (0 != code) )
-  {
-    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR,
-                "Failed to setup (exchange) database, exit code %d\n",
-                (int) code);
-    return GNUNET_NO;
-  }
-  if ( (type != GNUNET_OS_PROCESS_EXITED) ||
-       (0 != code) )
-  {
-    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR,
-                "Unexpected error (%d/%d) running `taler-exchange-dbinit'!\n",
-                (int) type,
-                (int) code);
-    return GNUNET_SYSERR;
-  }
-  return GNUNET_OK;
-}
-
-
-enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
-TALER_TESTING_auditor_db_reset (const char *config_filename)
-{
-  struct GNUNET_OS_Process *proc;
-  enum GNUNET_OS_ProcessStatusType type;
-  unsigned long code;
-
-  proc = GNUNET_OS_start_process (GNUNET_OS_INHERIT_STD_ALL,
-                                  NULL, NULL, NULL,
-                                  "taler-auditor-dbinit",
-                                  "taler-auditor-dbinit",
-                                  "-c", config_filename,
-                                  "-R",
-                                  NULL);
-  if (NULL == proc)
-  {
-    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR,
-                "Failed to run `taler-auditor-dbinit`, is your PATH correct?\n");
-    return GNUNET_NO;
-  }
-  if (GNUNET_SYSERR ==
-      GNUNET_OS_process_wait_status (proc,
-                                     &type,
-                                     &code))
-  {
-    GNUNET_break (0);
-    GNUNET_OS_process_destroy (proc);
-    return GNUNET_SYSERR;
-  }
-  GNUNET_OS_process_destroy (proc);
-  if ( (type == GNUNET_OS_PROCESS_EXITED) &&
-       (0 != code) )
-  {
-    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR,
-                "Failed to setup (auditor) database, exit code %d\n",
-                (int) code);
-    return GNUNET_NO;
-  }
-  if ( (type != GNUNET_OS_PROCESS_EXITED) ||
-       (0 != code) )
-  {
-    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR,
-                "Unexpected error (%d/%d) running `taler-auditor-dbinit'!\n",
-                (int) type,
-                (int) code);
-    return GNUNET_SYSERR;
-  }
-  return GNUNET_OK;
-}
-
-
-/**
- * Type of closure for
- * #sign_keys_for_exchange.
- */
-struct SignInfo
-{
-  /**
-   * Members will be set to the exchange configuration.
-   */
-  struct TALER_TESTING_ExchangeConfiguration *ec;
-
-  /**
-   * Name of the configuration file to use.
-   */
-  const char *config_filename;
-
-  /**
-   * Did we reset the database?
-   */
-  int db_reset;
-};
-
-
-/**
- * Sign the keys for an exchange given configuration @a cfg.
- * The information to be signed must be in a file "auditor.in".
- *
- * @param[in,out] cls a `struct SignInfo` with further parameters
- * @param cfg configuration to use
- * @return #GNUNET_OK on success
- */
-static enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
-sign_keys_for_exchange (void *cls,
-                        const struct GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_Handle *cfg)
-{
-  struct SignInfo *si = cls;
-  char *exchange_master_pub;
-  int ret;
-
-  /* Load the extensions */
-  if (GNUNET_OK != TALER_extensions_init (cfg))
-  {
-    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR,
-                "couldn't load extensions");
-    return GNUNET_SYSERR;
-  }
-
-  if (GNUNET_OK !=
-      GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_get_value_string (cfg,
-                                             "exchange",
-                                             "BASE_URL",
-                                             &si->ec->exchange_url))
-  {
-    GNUNET_log_config_missing (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
-                               "exchange",
-                               "BASE_URL");
-    si->ec->exchange_url = NULL;
-    return GNUNET_NO;
-  }
-  if (GNUNET_OK !=
-      GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_get_value_string (cfg,
-                                             "auditor",
-                                             "BASE_URL",
-                                             &si->ec->auditor_url))
-  {
-    GNUNET_log_config_missing (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
-                               "auditor",
-                               "BASE_URL");
-    GNUNET_free (si->ec->exchange_url);
-    si->ec->exchange_url = NULL;
-    si->ec->auditor_url = NULL;
-    return GNUNET_SYSERR;
-  }
-  if (GNUNET_OK !=
-      GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_get_value_string (cfg,
-                                             "exchange",
-                                             "MASTER_PUBLIC_KEY",
-                                             &exchange_master_pub))
-  {
-    GNUNET_log_config_missing (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR,
-                               "exchange",
-                               "MASTER_PUBLIC_KEY");
-    ret = GNUNET_SYSERR;
-    goto fail;
-  }
-  if ( (GNUNET_OK !=
-        TALER_TESTING_run_auditor_exchange (si->config_filename,
-                                            exchange_master_pub,
-                                            si->ec->exchange_url,
-                                            GNUNET_NO)) &&
-       (GNUNET_YES == si->db_reset) )
-  {
-    ret = GNUNET_NO;
-    goto fail;
-  }
-  GNUNET_free (exchange_master_pub);
-  return GNUNET_OK;
-fail:
-  GNUNET_free (si->ec->exchange_url);
-  GNUNET_free (si->ec->auditor_url);
-  si->ec->exchange_url = NULL;
-  si->ec->auditor_url = NULL;
-  return ret;
-}
-
-
-enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
-TALER_TESTING_prepare_exchange (const char *config_filename,
-                                int reset_db,
-                                struct TALER_TESTING_ExchangeConfiguration *ec)
-{
-  struct SignInfo si = {
-    .config_filename = config_filename,
-    .ec = ec,
-    .db_reset = reset_db
-  };
-
-  if (GNUNET_YES == reset_db)
-  {
-    if (GNUNET_OK !=
-        TALER_TESTING_exchange_db_reset (config_filename))
-      return GNUNET_NO;
-    if (GNUNET_OK !=
-        TALER_TESTING_auditor_db_reset (config_filename))
-      return GNUNET_NO;
-  }
-  if (GNUNET_OK !=
-      GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_parse_and_run (config_filename,
-                                          &sign_keys_for_exchange,
-                                          &si))
-    return GNUNET_NO;
-  return GNUNET_OK;
-}
-
-
-int
-TALER_TESTING_wait_exchange_ready (const char *base_url)
-{
-  char *wget_cmd;
-  unsigned int iter;
-
-  GNUNET_asprintf (&wget_cmd,
-                   "wget -q -t 1 -T 1 %sseed -o /dev/null -O /dev/null",
-                   base_url); // make sure ends with '/'
-  /* give child time to start and bind against the socket */
-  GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
-              "Waiting for `taler-exchange-httpd` service to be ready (check with: %s)\n",
-              wget_cmd);
-  iter = 0;
-  do
-  {
-    if (10 == iter)
-    {
-      GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
-                  "Failed to launch `taler-exchange-httpd` service (or `wget')\n");
-      GNUNET_free (wget_cmd);
-      return 77;
-    }
-    sleep (1);
-    iter++;
-  }
-  while (0 != system (wget_cmd));
-  GNUNET_free (wget_cmd);
-  return 0;
-}
-
-
-/**
- * Wait for the auditor to have started. Waits for at
- * most 10s, after that returns 77 to indicate an error.
- *
- * @param base_url what URL should we expect the auditor
- *        to be running at
- * @return 0 on success
- */
-int
-TALER_TESTING_wait_auditor_ready (const char *base_url)
-{
-  char *wget_cmd;
-  unsigned int iter;
-
-  GNUNET_asprintf (&wget_cmd,
-                   "wget -q -t 1 -T 1 %sversion -o /dev/null -O /dev/null",
-                   base_url); // make sure ends with '/'
-  /* give child time to start and bind against the socket */
-  fprintf (stderr,
-           "Waiting for `taler-auditor-httpd' to be ready at %s\n",
-           base_url);
-  iter = 0;
-  do
-  {
-    if (10 == iter)
-    {
-      fprintf (stderr,
-               "Failed to launch `taler-auditor-httpd' (or `wget')\n");
-      GNUNET_free (wget_cmd);
-      return 77;
-    }
-    fprintf (stderr, ".\n");
-    sleep (1);
-    iter++;
-  }
-  while (0 != system (wget_cmd));
-  GNUNET_free (wget_cmd);
-  return 0;
-}
-
-
-enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
-TALER_TESTING_setup_with_exchange (TALER_TESTING_Main main_cb,
-                                   void *main_cb_cls,
-                                   const char *config_file)
-{
-  struct TALER_TESTING_SetupContext setup_ctx = {
-    .config_filename = config_file,
-    .main_cb = main_cb,
-    .main_cb_cls = main_cb_cls
-  };
-  enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue result;
-
-  result =
-    GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_parse_and_run (config_file,
-                                        &TALER_TESTING_setup_with_exchange_cfg,
-                                        &setup_ctx);
-  if (GNUNET_OK != result)
-    return result;
-  return GNUNET_OK;
-}
-
-
-/**
- * Stop taler-exchange-crypto helpers.
- *
- * @param[in] helpers the process handles.
- */
-static void
-stop_helpers (struct GNUNET_OS_Process *helpers[3])
-{
-  for (unsigned int i = 0; i<3; i++)
-  {
-    if (NULL == helpers[i])
-      continue;
-    GNUNET_break (0 ==
-                  GNUNET_OS_process_kill (helpers[i],
-                                          SIGTERM));
-    GNUNET_break (GNUNET_OK ==
-                  GNUNET_OS_process_wait (helpers[i]));
-    GNUNET_OS_process_destroy (helpers[i]);
-  }
-}
-
-
-/**
- * Start taler-exchange-crypto helpers.
- *
- * @param config_filename configuration file to use
- * @param[out] helpers where to store the process handles.
- */
-static enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
-start_helpers (const char *config_filename,
-               struct GNUNET_OS_Process *helpers[3])
-{
-  char *dir;
-  const struct GNUNET_OS_ProjectData *pd;
-
-  pd = GNUNET_OS_project_data_get ();
-  GNUNET_OS_init (TALER_project_data_default ());
-  dir = GNUNET_OS_installation_get_path (GNUNET_OS_IPK_BINDIR);
-  GNUNET_OS_init (pd);
-  if (NULL == dir)
-  {
-    GNUNET_break (0);
-    return GNUNET_SYSERR;
-  }
-  {
-    char *fn;
-
-    GNUNET_asprintf (&fn,
-                     "%s/%s",
-                     dir,
-                     "taler-exchange-secmod-eddsa");
-    helpers[0] = GNUNET_OS_start_process (GNUNET_OS_INHERIT_STD_ALL,
-                                          NULL, NULL, NULL,
-                                          fn,
-                                          "taler-exchange-secmod-eddsa",
-                                          "-c", config_filename,
-                                          "-L", "INFO",
-                                          NULL);
-    GNUNET_free (fn);
-  }
-  {
-    char *fn;
-
-    GNUNET_asprintf (&fn,
-                     "%s/%s",
-                     dir,
-                     "taler-exchange-secmod-rsa");
-    helpers[1] = GNUNET_OS_start_process (GNUNET_OS_INHERIT_STD_ALL,
-                                          NULL, NULL, NULL,
-                                          fn,
-                                          "taler-exchange-secmod-rsa",
-                                          "-c", config_filename,
-                                          "-L", "INFO",
-                                          NULL);
-    GNUNET_free (fn);
-  }
-  {
-    char *fn;
-
-    GNUNET_asprintf (&fn,
-                     "%s/%s",
-                     dir,
-                     "taler-exchange-secmod-cs");
-    helpers[2] = GNUNET_OS_start_process (GNUNET_OS_INHERIT_STD_ALL,
-                                          NULL, NULL, NULL,
-                                          fn,
-                                          "taler-exchange-secmod-cs",
-                                          "-c", config_filename,
-                                          "-L", "INFO",
-                                          NULL);
-    GNUNET_free (fn);
-  }
-  GNUNET_free (dir);
-  if ( (NULL == helpers[0]) ||
-       (NULL == helpers[1]) ||
-       (NULL == helpers[2]) )
-  {
-    stop_helpers (helpers);
-    return GNUNET_SYSERR;
-  }
-  return GNUNET_OK;
-}
-
-
-enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
-TALER_TESTING_setup_with_exchange_cfg (
-  void *cls,
-  const struct GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_Handle *cfg)
-{
-  const struct TALER_TESTING_SetupContext *setup_ctx = cls;
-  struct GNUNET_OS_Process *exchanged;
-  struct GNUNET_OS_Process *helpers[3];
-  unsigned long long port;
-  char *serve;
-  char *base_url;
-  int result;
-
-  if (GNUNET_OK !=
-      GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_get_value_string (cfg,
-                                             "exchange",
-                                             "SERVE",
-                                             &serve))
-  {
-    GNUNET_log_config_missing (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR,
-                               "exchange",
-                               "SERVE");
-    return GNUNET_NO;
-  }
-
-  if (0 == strcmp ("tcp",
-                   serve))
-  {
-    if (GNUNET_OK !=
-        GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_get_value_number (cfg,
-                                               "exchange",
-                                               "PORT",
-                                               &port))
-    {
-      GNUNET_log_config_missing (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR,
-                                 "exchange",
-                                 "PORT");
-      GNUNET_free (serve);
-      return GNUNET_NO;
-    }
-
-    if (GNUNET_OK !=
-        GNUNET_NETWORK_test_port_free (IPPROTO_TCP,
-                                       (uint16_t) port))
-    {
-      GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
-                  "Required port %llu not available, skipping.\n",
-                  port);
-      GNUNET_free (serve);
-      return GNUNET_NO;
-    }
-  }
-  GNUNET_free (serve);
-  if (GNUNET_OK !=
-      start_helpers (setup_ctx->config_filename,
-                     helpers))
-  {
-    GNUNET_break (0);
-    return 77;
-  }
-  exchanged = GNUNET_OS_start_process (GNUNET_OS_INHERIT_STD_ALL,
-                                       NULL, NULL, NULL,
-#if GNU_PARALLEL
-                                       "parallel",
-#endif
-                                       "taler-exchange-httpd",
-                                       "taler-exchange-httpd",
-                                       "-L", "INFO",
-                                       "-a", /* some tests may need timetravel */
-                                       "-c", setup_ctx->config_filename,
-#if GNU_PARALLEL
-                                       "-r",
-                                       ":::",
-                                       "-",
-                                       "-",
-                                       "-",
-                                       "-",
-#endif
-                                       NULL);
-  if (NULL == exchanged)
-  {
-    GNUNET_break (0);
-    stop_helpers (helpers);
-    return 77;
-  }
-  if (GNUNET_OK !=
-      GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_get_value_string (cfg,
-                                             "exchange",
-                                             "BASE_URL",
-                                             &base_url))
-  {
-    GNUNET_log_config_missing (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR,
-                               "exchange",
-                               "BASE_URL");
-    stop_helpers (helpers);
-    return GNUNET_NO;
-  }
-
-  if (0 != TALER_TESTING_wait_exchange_ready (base_url))
-  {
-    GNUNET_free (base_url);
-    stop_helpers (helpers);
-    GNUNET_break (0 ==
-                  GNUNET_OS_process_kill (exchanged,
-                                          SIGTERM));
-#if GNU_PARALLEL
-    /* GNU Parallel kills on 2nd SIGTERM, need to give it a
-       chance to process the 1st signal first... */
-    sleep (1);
-    GNUNET_break (0 ==
-                  GNUNET_OS_process_kill (exchanged,
-                                          SIGTERM));
-#endif
-    GNUNET_break (GNUNET_OK ==
-                  GNUNET_OS_process_wait (exchanged));
-    GNUNET_OS_process_destroy (exchanged);
-    return 77;
-  }
-  GNUNET_free (base_url);
-
-  /* NOTE: this call blocks.  */
-  result = TALER_TESTING_setup (setup_ctx->main_cb,
-                                setup_ctx->main_cb_cls,
-                                cfg,
-                                exchanged,
-                                GNUNET_YES);
-  GNUNET_break (0 ==
-                GNUNET_OS_process_kill (exchanged,
-                                        SIGTERM));
-#if GNU_PARALLEL
-  /* GNU Parallel kills on 2nd SIGTERM, need to give it a
-     chance to process the 1st signal first... */
-  sleep (1);
-  GNUNET_break (0 ==
-                GNUNET_OS_process_kill (exchanged,
-                                        SIGTERM));
-#endif
-  GNUNET_break (GNUNET_OK ==
-                GNUNET_OS_process_wait (exchanged));
-  GNUNET_OS_process_destroy (exchanged);
-  stop_helpers (helpers);
-  return result;
-}
-
-
-enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
-TALER_TESTING_setup_with_auditor_and_exchange_cfg (
-  void *cls,
-  const struct GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_Handle *cfg)
-{
-  const struct TALER_TESTING_SetupContext *setup_ctx = cls;
-  struct GNUNET_OS_Process *auditord;
-  unsigned long long port;
-  char *serve;
-  char *base_url;
-  int result;
-
-  if (GNUNET_OK !=
-      GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_get_value_string (cfg,
-                                             "auditor",
-                                             "SERVE",
-                                             &serve))
-  {
-    GNUNET_log_config_missing (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR,
-                               "auditor",
-                               "SERVE");
-    return GNUNET_NO;
-  }
-
-  if (0 == strcmp ("tcp", serve))
-  {
-    if (GNUNET_OK !=
-        GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_get_value_number (cfg,
-                                               "auditor",
-                                               "PORT",
-                                               &port))
-    {
-      GNUNET_log_config_missing (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR,
-                                 "auditor",
-                                 "PORT");
-      GNUNET_free (serve);
-      return GNUNET_NO;
-    }
-
-    if (GNUNET_OK !=
-        GNUNET_NETWORK_test_port_free (IPPROTO_TCP,
-                                       (uint16_t) port))
-    {
-      GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
-                  "Required port %llu not available, skipping.\n",
-                  port);
-      GNUNET_free (serve);
-      return GNUNET_NO;
-    }
-  }
-  GNUNET_free (serve);
-  auditord = GNUNET_OS_start_process (GNUNET_OS_INHERIT_STD_ALL,
-                                      NULL, NULL, NULL,
-                                      "taler-auditor-httpd",
-                                      "taler-auditor-httpd",
-                                      "-c", setup_ctx->config_filename,
-                                      NULL);
-
-  if (GNUNET_OK !=
-      GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_get_value_string (cfg,
-                                             "auditor",
-                                             "BASE_URL",
-                                             &base_url))
-  {
-    GNUNET_log_config_missing (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR,
-                               "auditor",
-                               "BASE_URL");
-    return GNUNET_NO;
-  }
-
-  if (0 != TALER_TESTING_wait_auditor_ready (base_url))
-  {
-    GNUNET_free (base_url);
-    GNUNET_break (0 ==
-                  GNUNET_OS_process_kill (auditord,
-                                          SIGTERM));
-    GNUNET_break (GNUNET_OK ==
-                  GNUNET_OS_process_wait (auditord));
-    GNUNET_OS_process_destroy (auditord);
-    return 77;
-  }
-  GNUNET_free (base_url);
-
-  /* NOTE: this call blocks.  */
-  result = TALER_TESTING_setup_with_exchange_cfg ((void *) setup_ctx,
-                                                  cfg);
-  GNUNET_break (0 ==
-                GNUNET_OS_process_kill (auditord,
-                                        SIGTERM));
-  GNUNET_break (GNUNET_OK ==
-                GNUNET_OS_process_wait (auditord));
-  GNUNET_OS_process_destroy (auditord);
-  return result;
-}
-
-
-enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
-TALER_TESTING_setup_with_auditor_and_exchange (TALER_TESTING_Main main_cb,
-                                               void *main_cb_cls,
-                                               const char *config_file)
-{
-  struct TALER_TESTING_SetupContext setup_ctx = {
-    .config_filename = config_file,
-    .main_cb = main_cb,
-    .main_cb_cls = main_cb_cls
-  };
-
-  return GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_parse_and_run (
-    config_file,
-    &TALER_TESTING_setup_with_auditor_and_exchange_cfg,
-    &setup_ctx);
-}
-
-
-/* end of testing_api_helpers_exchange.c */
diff --git a/src/testing/testing_api_loop.c b/src/testing/testing_api_loop.c
index ea6b805b0..411e47c45 100644
--- a/src/testing/testing_api_loop.c
+++ b/src/testing/testing_api_loop.c
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ do_timeout (void *cls)
  *
  * @param cls the `struct TALER_TESTING_Interpreter *`
  * @param type type of the process
- * @param exit_code status code of the process
+ * @param code status code of the process
  */
 static void
 maint_child_death (void *cls,
diff --git a/src/testing/testing_api_traits.c b/src/testing/testing_api_traits.c
index d84e2c37e..d00a8d8ca 100644
--- a/src/testing/testing_api_traits.c
+++ b/src/testing/testing_api_traits.c
@@ -102,4 +102,59 @@ TALER_TESTING_get_exchange (struct TALER_TESTING_Interpreter *is)
 }
 
 
+const char *
+TALER_TESTING_get_exchange_url (struct TALER_TESTING_Interpreter *is)
+{
+  const char *exchange_url;
+  const struct TALER_TESTING_Command *exchange_cmd;
+
+  exchange_cmd
+    = TALER_TESTING_interpreter_get_command (is,
+                                             "exchange");
+  if (NULL == exchange_cmd)
+  {
+    GNUNET_break (0);
+    TALER_TESTING_interpreter_fail (is);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  if (GNUNET_OK !=
+      TALER_TESTING_get_trait_exchange_url (exchange_cmd,
+                                            &exchange_url))
+  {
+    GNUNET_break (0);
+    TALER_TESTING_interpreter_fail (is);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  return exchange_url;
+}
+
+
+struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *
+TALER_TESTING_get_keys (
+  struct TALER_TESTING_Interpreter *is)
+{
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_Keys *keys;
+  const struct TALER_TESTING_Command *exchange_cmd;
+
+  exchange_cmd
+    = TALER_TESTING_interpreter_get_command (is,
+                                             "exchange");
+  if (NULL == exchange_cmd)
+  {
+    GNUNET_break (0);
+    TALER_TESTING_interpreter_fail (is);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  if (GNUNET_OK !=
+      TALER_TESTING_get_trait_keys (exchange_cmd,
+                                    &keys))
+  {
+    GNUNET_break (0);
+    TALER_TESTING_interpreter_fail (is);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  return keys;
+}
+
+
 /* end of testing_api_traits.c */