path: root/tcg/i386/tcg-target.c

/*
 * Tiny Code Generator for QEMU
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2008 Fabrice Bellard
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 * THE SOFTWARE.
 */

#ifndef NDEBUG
static const char * const tcg_target_reg_names[TCG_TARGET_NB_REGS] = {
#if TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS == 64
    "%rax", "%rcx", "%rdx", "%rbx", "%rsp", "%rbp", "%rsi", "%rdi",
    "%r8",  "%r9",  "%r10", "%r11", "%r12", "%r13", "%r14", "%r15",
#else
    "%eax", "%ecx", "%edx", "%ebx", "%esp", "%ebp", "%esi", "%edi",
#endif
};
#endif

static const int tcg_target_reg_alloc_order[] = {
#if TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS == 64
    TCG_REG_RBP,
    TCG_REG_RBX,
    TCG_REG_R12,
    TCG_REG_R13,
    TCG_REG_R14,
    TCG_REG_R15,
    TCG_REG_R10,
    TCG_REG_R11,
    TCG_REG_R9,
    TCG_REG_R8,
    TCG_REG_RCX,
    TCG_REG_RDX,
    TCG_REG_RSI,
    TCG_REG_RDI,
    TCG_REG_RAX,
#else
    TCG_REG_EBX,
    TCG_REG_ESI,
    TCG_REG_EDI,
    TCG_REG_EBP,
    TCG_REG_ECX,
    TCG_REG_EDX,
    TCG_REG_EAX,
#endif
};

static const int tcg_target_call_iarg_regs[] = {
#if TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS == 64
#if defined(_WIN64)
    TCG_REG_RCX,
    TCG_REG_RDX,
#else
    TCG_REG_RDI,
    TCG_REG_RSI,
    TCG_REG_RDX,
    TCG_REG_RCX,
#endif
    TCG_REG_R8,
    TCG_REG_R9,
#else
    TCG_REG_EAX,
    TCG_REG_EDX,
    TCG_REG_ECX
#endif
};

static const int tcg_target_call_oarg_regs[] = {
    TCG_REG_EAX,
#if TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS == 32
    TCG_REG_EDX
#endif
};

static uint8_t *tb_ret_addr;

static void patch_reloc(uint8_t *code_ptr, int type,
                        tcg_target_long value, tcg_target_long addend)
{
    value += addend;
    switch(type) {
    case R_386_PC32:
        value -= (uintptr_t)code_ptr;
        if (value != (int32_t)value) {
            tcg_abort();
        }
        *(uint32_t *)code_ptr = value;
        break;
    case R_386_PC8:
        value -= (uintptr_t)code_ptr;
        if (value != (int8_t)value) {
            tcg_abort();
        }
        *(uint8_t *)code_ptr = value;
        break;
    default:
        tcg_abort();
    }
}

/* maximum number of register used for input function arguments */
static inline int tcg_target_get_call_iarg_regs_count(int flags)
{
    if (TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS == 64) {
        return 6;
    }

    return 0;
}

/* parse target specific constraints */
static int target_parse_constraint(TCGArgConstraint *ct, const char **pct_str)
{
    const char *ct_str;

    ct_str = *pct_str;
    switch(ct_str[0]) {
    case 'a':
        ct->ct |= TCG_CT_REG;
        tcg_regset_set_reg(ct->u.regs, TCG_REG_EAX);
        break;
    case 'b':
        ct->ct |= TCG_CT_REG;
        tcg_regset_set_reg(ct->u.regs, TCG_REG_EBX);
        break;
    case 'c':
        ct->ct |= TCG_CT_REG;
        tcg_regset_set_reg(ct->u.regs, TCG_REG_ECX);
        break;
    case 'd':
        ct->ct |= TCG_CT_REG;
        tcg_regset_set_reg(ct->u.regs, TCG_REG_EDX);
        break;
    case 'S':
        ct->ct |= TCG_CT_REG;
        tcg_regset_set_reg(ct->u.regs, TCG_REG_ESI);
        break;
    case 'D':
        ct->ct |= TCG_CT_REG;
        tcg_regset_set_reg(ct->u.regs, TCG_REG_EDI);
        break;
    case 'q':
        ct->ct |= TCG_CT_REG;
        if (TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS == 64) {
            tcg_regset_set32(ct->u.regs, 0, 0xffff);
        } else {
            tcg_regset_set32(ct->u.regs, 0, 0xf);
        }
        break;
    case 'Q':
        ct->ct |= TCG_CT_REG;
        tcg_regset_set32(ct->u.regs, 0, 0xf);
        break;
    case 'r':
        ct->ct |= TCG_CT_REG;
        if (TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS == 64) {
            tcg_regset_set32(ct->u.regs, 0, 0xffff);
        } else {
            tcg_regset_set32(ct->u.regs, 0, 0xff);
        }
        break;

        /* qemu_ld/st address constraint */
    case 'L':
        ct->ct |= TCG_CT_REG;
        if (TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS == 64) {
            tcg_regset_set32(ct->u.regs, 0, 0xffff);
            tcg_regset_reset_reg(ct->u.regs, tcg_target_call_iarg_regs[0]);
            tcg_regset_reset_reg(ct->u.regs, tcg_target_call_iarg_regs[1]);
            tcg_regset_reset_reg(ct->u.regs, tcg_target_call_iarg_regs[2]);
        } else {
            tcg_regset_set32(ct->u.regs, 0, 0xff);
            tcg_regset_reset_reg(ct->u.regs, TCG_REG_EAX);
            tcg_regset_reset_reg(ct->u.regs, TCG_REG_EDX);
        }
        break;

    case 'e':
        ct->ct |= TCG_CT_CONST_S32;
        break;
    case 'Z':
        ct->ct |= TCG_CT_CONST_U32;
        break;

    default:
        return -1;
    }
    ct_str++;
    *pct_str = ct_str;
    return 0;
}

/* test if a constant matches the constraint */
static inline int tcg_target_const_match(tcg_target_long val,
                                         const TCGArgConstraint *arg_ct)
{
    int ct = arg_ct->ct;
    if (ct & TCG_CT_CONST) {
        return 1;
    }
    if ((ct & TCG_CT_CONST_S32) && val == (int32_t)val) {
        return 1;
    }
    if ((ct & TCG_CT_CONST_U32) && val == (uint32_t)val) {
        return 1;
    }
    return 0;
}

#if TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS == 64
# define LOWREGMASK(x)	((x) & 7)
#else
# define LOWREGMASK(x)	(x)
#endif

#define P_EXT		0x100		/* 0x0f opcode prefix */
#define P_DATA16	0x200		/* 0x66 opcode prefix */
#if TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS == 64
# define P_ADDR32	0x400		/* 0x67 opcode prefix */
# define P_REXW		0x800		/* Set REX.W = 1 */
# define P_REXB_R	0x1000		/* REG field as byte register */
# define P_REXB_RM	0x2000		/* R/M field as byte register */
#else
# define P_ADDR32	0
# define P_REXW		0
# define P_REXB_R	0
# define P_REXB_RM	0
#endif

#define OPC_ARITH_EvIz	(0x81)
#define OPC_ARITH_EvIb	(0x83)
#define OPC_ARITH_GvEv	(0x03)		/* ... plus (ARITH_FOO << 3) */
#define OPC_ADD_GvEv	(OPC_ARITH_GvEv | (ARITH_ADD << 3))
#define OPC_BSWAP	(0xc8 | P_EXT)
#define OPC_CALL_Jz	(0xe8)
#define OPC_CMP_GvEv	(OPC_ARITH_GvEv | (ARITH_CMP << 3))
#define OPC_DEC_r32	(0x48)
#define OPC_IMUL_GvEv	(0xaf | P_EXT)
#define OPC_IMUL_GvEvIb	(0x6b)
#define OPC_IMUL_GvEvIz	(0x69)
#define OPC_INC_r32	(0x40)
#define OPC_JCC_long	(0x80 | P_EXT)	/* ... plus condition code */
#define OPC_JCC_short	(0x70)		/* ... plus condition code */
#define OPC_JMP_long	(0xe9)
#define OPC_JMP_short	(0xeb)
#define OPC_LEA         (0x8d)
#define OPC_MOVB_EvGv	(0x88)		/* stores, more or less */
#define OPC_MOVL_EvGv	(0x89)		/* stores, more or less */
#define OPC_MOVL_GvEv	(0x8b)		/* loads, more or less */
#define OPC_MOVL_EvIz	(0xc7)
#define OPC_MOVL_Iv     (0xb8)
#define OPC_MOVSBL	(0xbe | P_EXT)
#define OPC_MOVSWL	(0xbf | P_EXT)
#define OPC_MOVSLQ	(0x63 | P_REXW)
#define OPC_MOVZBL	(0xb6 | P_EXT)
#define OPC_MOVZWL	(0xb7 | P_EXT)
#define OPC_POP_r32	(0x58)
#define OPC_PUSH_r32	(0x50)
#define OPC_PUSH_Iv	(0x68)
#define OPC_PUSH_Ib	(0x6a)
#define OPC_RET		(0xc3)
#define OPC_SETCC	(0x90 | P_EXT | P_REXB_RM) /* ... plus cc */
#define OPC_SHIFT_1	(0xd1)
#define OPC_SHIFT_Ib	(0xc1)
#define OPC_SHIFT_cl	(0xd3)
#define OPC_TESTL	(0x85)
#define OPC_XCHG_ax_r32	(0x90)

#define OPC_GRP3_Ev	(0xf7)
#define OPC_GRP5	(0xff)

/* Group 1 opcode extensions for 0x80-0x83.
   These are also used as modifiers for OPC_ARITH.  */
#define ARITH_ADD 0
#define ARITH_OR  1
#define ARITH_ADC 2
#define ARITH_SBB 3
#define ARITH_AND 4
#define ARITH_SUB 5
#define ARITH_XOR 6
#define ARITH_CMP 7

/* Group 2 opcode extensions for 0xc0, 0xc1, 0xd0-0xd3.  */
#define SHIFT_ROL 0
#define SHIFT_ROR 1
#define SHIFT_SHL 4
#define SHIFT_SHR 5
#define SHIFT_SAR 7

/* Group 3 opcode extensions for 0xf6, 0xf7.  To be used with OPC_GRP3.  */
#define EXT3_NOT   2
#define EXT3_NEG   3
#define EXT3_MUL   4
#define EXT3_IMUL  5
#define EXT3_DIV   6
#define EXT3_IDIV  7

/* Group 5 opcode extensions for 0xff.  To be used with OPC_GRP5.  */
#define EXT5_INC_Ev	0
#define EXT5_DEC_Ev	1
#define EXT5_CALLN_Ev	2
#define EXT5_JMPN_Ev	4

/* Condition codes to be added to OPC_JCC_{long,short}.  */
#define JCC_JMP (-1)
#define JCC_JO  0x0
#define JCC_JNO 0x1
#define JCC_JB  0x2
#define JCC_JAE 0x3
#define JCC_JE  0x4
#define JCC_JNE 0x5
#define JCC_JBE 0x6
#define JCC_JA  0x7
#define JCC_JS  0x8
#define JCC_JNS 0x9
#define JCC_JP  0xa
#define JCC_JNP 0xb
#define JCC_JL  0xc
#define JCC_JGE 0xd
#define JCC_JLE 0xe
#define JCC_JG  0xf

static const uint8_t tcg_cond_to_jcc[10] = {
    [TCG_COND_EQ] = JCC_JE,
    [TCG_COND_NE] = JCC_JNE,
    [TCG_COND_LT] = JCC_JL,
    [TCG_COND_GE] = JCC_JGE,
    [TCG_COND_LE] = JCC_JLE,
    [TCG_COND_GT] = JCC_JG,
    [TCG_COND_LTU] = JCC_JB,
    [TCG_COND_GEU] = JCC_JAE,
    [TCG_COND_LEU] = JCC_JBE,
    [TCG_COND_GTU] = JCC_JA,
};

#if TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS == 64
static void tcg_out_opc(TCGContext *s, int opc, int r, int rm, int x)
{
    int rex;

    if (opc & P_DATA16) {
        /* We should never be asking for both 16 and 64-bit operation.  */
        assert((opc & P_REXW) == 0);
        tcg_out8(s, 0x66);
    }
    if (opc & P_ADDR32) {
        tcg_out8(s, 0x67);
    }

    rex = 0;
    rex |= (opc & P_REXW) >> 8;		/* REX.W */
    rex |= (r & 8) >> 1;		/* REX.R */
    rex |= (x & 8) >> 2;		/* REX.X */
    rex |= (rm & 8) >> 3;		/* REX.B */

    /* P_REXB_{R,RM} indicates that the given register is the low byte.
       For %[abcd]l we need no REX prefix, but for %{si,di,bp,sp}l we do,
       as otherwise the encoding indicates %[abcd]h.  Note that the values
       that are ORed in merely indicate that the REX byte must be present;
       those bits get discarded in output.  */
    rex |= opc & (r >= 4 ? P_REXB_R : 0);
    rex |= opc & (rm >= 4 ? P_REXB_RM : 0);

    if (rex) {
        tcg_out8(s, (uint8_t)(rex | 0x40));
    }

    if (opc & P_EXT) {
        tcg_out8(s, 0x0f);
    }
    tcg_out8(s, opc);
}
#else
static void tcg_out_opc(TCGContext *s, int opc)
{
    if (opc & P_DATA16) {
        tcg_out8(s, 0x66);
    }
    if (opc & P_EXT) {
        tcg_out8(s, 0x0f);
    }
    tcg_out8(s, opc);
}
/* Discard the register arguments to tcg_out_opc early, so as not to penalize
   the 32-bit compilation paths.  This method works with all versions of gcc,
   whereas relying on optimization may not be able to exclude them.  */
#define tcg_out_opc(s, opc, r, rm, x)  (tcg_out_opc)(s, opc)
#endif

static void tcg_out_modrm(TCGContext *s, int opc, int r, int rm)
{
    tcg_out_opc(s, opc, r, rm, 0);
    tcg_out8(s, 0xc0 | (LOWREGMASK(r) << 3) | LOWREGMASK(rm));
}

/* Output an opcode with a full "rm + (index<<shift) + offset" address mode.
   We handle either RM and INDEX missing with a negative value.  In 64-bit
   mode for absolute addresses, ~RM is the size of the immediate operand
   that will follow the instruction.  */

static void tcg_out_modrm_sib_offset(TCGContext *s, int opc, int r, int rm,
                                     int index, int shift,
                                     tcg_target_long offset)
{
    int mod, len;

    if (index < 0 && rm < 0) {
        if (TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS == 64) {
            /* Try for a rip-relative addressing mode.  This has replaced
               the 32-bit-mode absolute addressing encoding.  */
            tcg_target_long pc = (tcg_target_long)s->code_ptr + 5 + ~rm;
            tcg_target_long disp = offset - pc;
            if (disp == (int32_t)disp) {
                tcg_out_opc(s, opc, r, 0, 0);
                tcg_out8(s, (LOWREGMASK(r) << 3) | 5);
                tcg_out32(s, disp);
                return;
            }

            /* Try for an absolute address encoding.  This requires the
               use of the MODRM+SIB encoding and is therefore larger than
               rip-relative addressing.  */
            if (offset == (int32_t)offset) {
                tcg_out_opc(s, opc, r, 0, 0);
                tcg_out8(s, (LOWREGMASK(r) << 3) | 4);
                tcg_out8(s, (4 << 3) | 5);
                tcg_out32(s, offset);
                return;
            }

            /* ??? The memory isn't directly addressable.  */
            tcg_abort();
        } else {
            /* Absolute address.  */
            tcg_out_opc(s, opc, r, 0, 0);
            tcg_out8(s, (r << 3) | 5);
            tcg_out32(s, offset);
            return;
        }
    }

    /* Find the length of the immediate addend.  Note that the encoding
       that would be used for (%ebp) indicates absolute addressing.  */
    if (rm < 0) {
        mod = 0, len = 4, rm = 5;
    } else if (offset == 0 && LOWREGMASK(rm) != TCG_REG_EBP) {
        mod = 0, len = 0;
    } else if (offset == (int8_t)offset) {
        mod = 0x40, len = 1;
    } else {
        mod = 0x80, len = 4;
    }

    /* Use a single byte MODRM format if possible.  Note that the encoding
       that would be used for %esp is the escape to the two byte form.  */
    if (index < 0 && LOWREGMASK(rm) != TCG_REG_ESP) {
        /* Single byte MODRM format.  */
        tcg_out_opc(s, opc, r, rm, 0);
        tcg_out8(s, mod | (LOWREGMASK(r) << 3) | LOWREGMASK(rm));
    } else {
        /* Two byte MODRM+SIB format.  */

        /* Note that the encoding that would place %esp into the index
           field indicates no index register.  In 64-bit mode, the REX.X
           bit counts, so %r12 can be used as the index.  */
        if (index < 0) {
            index = 4;
        } else {
            assert(index != TCG_REG_ESP);
        }

        tcg_out_opc(s, opc, r, rm, index);
        tcg_out8(s, mod | (LOWREGMASK(r) << 3) | 4);
        tcg_out8(s, (shift << 6) | (LOWREGMASK(index) << 3) | LOWREGMASK(rm));
    }

    if (len == 1) {
        tcg_out8(s, offset);
    } else if (len == 4) {
        tcg_out32(s, offset);
    }
}

/* A simplification of the above with no index or shift.  */
static inline void tcg_out_modrm_offset(TCGContext *s, int opc, int r,
                                        int rm, tcg_target_long offset)
{
    tcg_out_modrm_sib_offset(s, opc, r, rm, -1, 0, offset);
}

/* Generate dest op= src.  Uses the same ARITH_* codes as tgen_arithi.  */
static inline void tgen_arithr(TCGContext *s, int subop, int dest, int src)
{
    /* Propagate an opcode prefix, such as P_REXW.  */
    int ext = subop & ~0x7;
    subop &= 0x7;

    tcg_out_modrm(s, OPC_ARITH_GvEv + (subop << 3) + ext, dest, src);
}

static inline void tcg_out_mov(TCGContext *s, TCGType type,
                               TCGReg ret, TCGReg arg)
{
    if (arg != ret) {
        int opc = OPC_MOVL_GvEv + (type == TCG_TYPE_I64 ? P_REXW : 0);
        tcg_out_modrm(s, opc, ret, arg);
    }
}

static void tcg_out_movi(TCGContext *s, TCGType type,
                         TCGReg ret, tcg_target_long arg)
{
    if (arg == 0) {
        tgen_arithr(s, ARITH_XOR, ret, ret);
        return;
    } else if (arg == (uint32_t)arg || type == TCG_TYPE_I32) {
        tcg_out_opc(s, OPC_MOVL_Iv + LOWREGMASK(ret), 0, ret, 0);
        tcg_out32(s, arg);
    } else if (arg == (int32_t)arg) {
        tcg_out_modrm(s, OPC_MOVL_EvIz + P_REXW, 0, ret);
        tcg_out32(s, arg);
    } else {
        tcg_out_opc(s, OPC_MOVL_Iv + P_REXW + LOWREGMASK(ret), 0, ret, 0);
        tcg_out32(s, arg);
        tcg_out32(s, arg >> 31 >> 1);
    }
}

static inline void tcg_out_pushi(TCGContext *s, tcg_target_long val)
{
    if (val == (int8_t)val) {
        tcg_out_opc(s, OPC_PUSH_Ib, 0, 0, 0);
        tcg_out8(s, val);
    } else if (val == (int32_t)val) {
        tcg_out_opc(s, OPC_PUSH_Iv, 0, 0, 0);
        tcg_out32(s, val);
    } else {
        tcg_abort();
    }
}

static inline void tcg_out_push(TCGContext *s, int reg)
{
    tcg_out_opc(s, OPC_PUSH_r32 + LOWREGMASK(reg), 0, reg, 0);
}

static inline void tcg_out_pop(TCGContext *s, int reg)
{
    tcg_out_opc(s, OPC_POP_r32 + LOWREGMASK(reg), 0, reg, 0);
}

static inline void tcg_out_ld(TCGContext *s, TCGType type, TCGReg ret,
                              TCGReg arg1, tcg_target_long arg2)
{
    int opc = OPC_MOVL_GvEv + (type == TCG_TYPE_I64 ? P_REXW : 0);
    tcg_out_modrm_offset(s, opc, ret, arg1, arg2);
}

static inline void tcg_out_st(TCGContext *s, TCGType type, TCGReg arg,
                              TCGReg arg1, tcg_target_long arg2)
{
    int opc = OPC_MOVL_EvGv + (type == TCG_TYPE_I64 ? P_REXW : 0);
    tcg_out_modrm_offset(s, opc, arg, arg1, arg2);
}

static void tcg_out_shifti(TCGContext *s, int subopc, int reg, int count)
{
    /* Propagate an opcode prefix, such as P_DATA16.  */
    int ext = subopc & ~0x7;
    subopc &= 0x7;

    if (count == 1) {
        tcg_out_modrm(s, OPC_SHIFT_1 + ext, subopc, reg);
    } else {
        tcg_out_modrm(s, OPC_SHIFT_Ib + ext, subopc, reg);
        tcg_out8(s, count);
    }
}

static inline void tcg_out_bswap32(TCGContext *s, int reg)
{
    tcg_out_opc(s, OPC_BSWAP + LOWREGMASK(reg), 0, reg, 0);
}

static inline void tcg_out_rolw_8(TCGContext *s, int reg)
{
    tcg_out_shifti(s, SHIFT_ROL + P_DATA16, reg, 8);
}

static inline void tcg_out_ext8u(TCGContext *s, int dest, int src)
{
    /* movzbl */
    assert(src < 4 || TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS == 64);
    tcg_out_modrm(s, OPC_MOVZBL + P_REXB_RM, dest, src);
}

static void tcg_out_ext8s(TCGContext *s, int dest, int src, int rexw)
{
    /* movsbl */
    assert(src < 4 || TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS == 64);
    tcg_out_modrm(s, OPC_MOVSBL + P_REXB_RM + rexw, dest, src);
}

static inline void tcg_out_ext16u(TCGContext *s, int dest, int src)
{
    /* movzwl */
    tcg_out_modrm(s, OPC_MOVZWL, dest, src);
}

static inline void tcg_out_ext16s(TCGContext *s, int dest, int src, int rexw)
{
    /* movsw[lq] */
    tcg_out_modrm(s, OPC_MOVSWL + rexw, dest, src);
}

static inline void tcg_out_ext32u(TCGContext *s, int dest, int src)
{
    /* 32-bit mov zero extends.  */
    tcg_out_modrm(s, OPC_MOVL_GvEv, dest, src);
}

static inline void tcg_out_ext32s(TCGContext *s, int dest, int src)
{
    tcg_out_modrm(s, OPC_MOVSLQ, dest, src);
}

static inline void tcg_out_bswap64(TCGContext *s, int reg)
{
    tcg_out_opc(s, OPC_BSWAP + P_REXW + LOWREGMASK(reg), 0, reg, 0);
}

static void tgen_arithi(TCGContext *s, int c, int r0,
                        tcg_target_long val, int cf)
{
    int rexw = 0;

    if (TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS == 64) {
        rexw = c & -8;
        c &= 7;
    }

    /* ??? While INC is 2 bytes shorter than ADDL $1, they also induce
       partial flags update stalls on Pentium4 and are not recommended
       by current Intel optimization manuals.  */
    if (!cf && (c == ARITH_ADD || c == ARITH_SUB) && (val == 1 || val == -1)) {
        int is_inc = (c == ARITH_ADD) ^ (val < 0);
        if (TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS == 64) {
            /* The single-byte increment encodings are re-tasked as the
               REX prefixes.  Use the MODRM encoding.  */
            tcg_out_modrm(s, OPC_GRP5 + rexw,
                          (is_inc ? EXT5_INC_Ev : EXT5_DEC_Ev), r0);
        } else {
            tcg_out8(s, (is_inc ? OPC_INC_r32 : OPC_DEC_r32) + r0);
        }
        return;
    }

    if (c == ARITH_AND) {
        if (TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS == 64) {
            if (val == 0xffffffffu) {
                tcg_out_ext32u(s, r0, r0);
                return;
            }
            if (val == (uint32_t)val) {
                /* AND with no high bits set can use a 32-bit operation.  */
                rexw = 0;
            }
        }
        if (val == 0xffu && (r0 < 4 || TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS == 64)) {
            tcg_out_ext8u(s, r0, r0);
            return;
        }
        if (val == 0xffffu) {
            tcg_out_ext16u(s, r0, r0);
            return;
        }
    }

    if (val == (int8_t)val) {
        tcg_out_modrm(s, OPC_ARITH_EvIb + rexw, c, r0);
        tcg_out8(s, val);
        return;
    }
    if (rexw == 0 || val == (int32_t)val) {
        tcg_out_modrm(s, OPC_ARITH_EvIz + rexw, c, r0);
        tcg_out32(s, val);
        return;
    }

    tcg_abort();
}

static void tcg_out_addi(TCGContext *s, int reg, tcg_target_long val)
{
    if (val != 0) {
        tgen_arithi(s, ARITH_ADD + P_REXW, reg, val, 0);
    }
}

/* Use SMALL != 0 to force a short forward branch.  */
static void tcg_out_jxx(TCGContext *s, int opc, int label_index, int small)
{
    int32_t val, val1;
    TCGLabel *l = &s->labels[label_index];

    if (l->has_value) {
        val = l->u.value - (tcg_target_long)s->code_ptr;
        val1 = val - 2;
        if ((int8_t)val1 == val1) {
            if (opc == -1) {
                tcg_out8(s, OPC_JMP_short);
            } else {
                tcg_out8(s, OPC_JCC_short + opc);
            }
            tcg_out8(s, val1);
        } else {
            if (small) {
                tcg_abort();
            }
            if (opc == -1) {
                tcg_out8(s, OPC_JMP_long);
                tcg_out32(s, val - 5);
            } else {
                tcg_out_opc(s, OPC_JCC_long + opc, 0, 0, 0);
                tcg_out32(s, val - 6);
            }
        }
    } else if (small) {
        if (opc == -1) {
            tcg_out8(s, OPC_JMP_short);
        } else {
            tcg_out8(s, OPC_JCC_short + opc);
        }
        tcg_out_reloc(s, s->code_ptr, R_386_PC8, label_index, -1);
        s->code_ptr += 1;
    } else {
        if (opc == -1) {
            tcg_out8(s, OPC_JMP_long);
        } else {
            tcg_out_opc(s, OPC_JCC_long + opc, 0, 0, 0);
        }
        tcg_out_reloc(s, s->code_ptr, R_386_PC32, label_index, -4);
        s->code_ptr += 4;
    }
}

static void tcg_out_cmp(TCGContext *s, TCGArg arg1, TCGArg arg2,
                        int const_arg2, int rexw)
{
    if (const_arg2) {
        if (arg2 == 0) {
            /* test r, r */
            tcg_out_modrm(s, OPC_TESTL + rexw, arg1, arg1);
        } else {
            tgen_arithi(s, ARITH_CMP + rexw, arg1, arg2, 0);
        }
    } else {
        tgen_arithr(s, ARITH_CMP + rexw, arg1, arg2);
    }
}

static void tcg_out_brcond32(TCGContext *s, TCGCond cond,
                             TCGArg arg1, TCGArg arg2, int const_arg2,
                             int label_index, int small)
{
    tcg_out_cmp(s, arg1, arg2, const_arg2, 0);
    tcg_out_jxx(s, tcg_cond_to_jcc[cond], label_index, small);
}

#if TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS == 64
static void tcg_out_brcond64(TCGContext *s, TCGCond cond,
                             TCGArg arg1, TCGArg arg2, int const_arg2,
                             int label_index, int small)
{
    tcg_out_cmp(s, arg1, arg2, const_arg2, P_REXW);
    tcg_out_jxx(s, tcg_cond_to_jcc[cond], label_index, small);
}
#else
/* XXX: we implement it at the target level to avoid having to
   handle cross basic blocks temporaries */
static void tcg_out_brcond2(TCGContext *s, const TCGArg *args,
                            const int *const_args, int small)
{
    int label_next;
    label_next = gen_new_label();
    switch(args[4]) {
    case TCG_COND_EQ:
        tcg_out_brcond32(s, TCG_COND_NE, args[0], args[2], const_args[2],
                         label_next, 1);
        tcg_out_brcond32(s, TCG_COND_EQ, args[1], args[3], const_args[3],
                         args[5], small);
        break;
    case TCG_COND_NE:
        tcg_out_brcond32(s, TCG_COND_NE, args[0], args[2], const_args[2],
                         args[5], small);
        tcg_out_brcond32(s, TCG_COND_NE, args[1], args[3], const_args[3],
                         args[5], small);
        break;
    case TCG_COND_LT:
        tcg_out_brcond32(s, TCG_COND_LT, args[1], args[3], const_args[3],
                         args[5], small);
        tcg_out_jxx(s, JCC_JNE, label_next, 1);
        tcg_out_brcond32(s, TCG_COND_LTU, args[0], args[2], const_args[2],
                         args[5], small);
        break;
    case TCG_COND_LE:
        tcg_out_brcond32(s, TCG_COND_LT, args[1], args[3], const_args[3],
                         args[5], small);
        tcg_out_jxx(s, JCC_JNE, label_next, 1);
        tcg_out_brcond32(s, TCG_COND_LEU, args[0], args[2], const_args[2],
                         args[5], small);
        break;
    case TCG_COND_GT:
        tcg_out_brcond32(s, TCG_COND_GT, args[1], args[3], const_args[3],
                         args[5], small);
        tcg_out_jxx(s, JCC_JNE, label_next, 1);
        tcg_out_brcond32(s, TCG_COND_GTU, args[0], args[2], const_args[2],
                         args[5], small);
        break;
    case TCG_COND_GE:
        tcg_out_brcond32(s, TCG_COND_GT, args[1], args[3], const_args[3],
                         args[5], small);
        tcg_out_jxx(s, JCC_JNE, label_next, 1);
        tcg_out_brcond32(s, TCG_COND_GEU, args[0], args[2], const_args[2],
                         args[5], small);
        break;
    case TCG_COND_LTU:
        tcg_out_brcond32(s, TCG_COND_LTU, args[1], args[3], const_args[3],
                         args[5], small);
        tcg_out_jxx(s, JCC_JNE, label_next, 1);
        tcg_out_brcond32(s, TCG_COND_LTU, args[0], args[2], const_args[2],
                         args[5], small);
        break;
    case TCG_COND_LEU:
        tcg_out_brcond32(s, TCG_COND_LTU, args[1], args[3], const_args[3],
                         args[5], small);
        tcg_out_jxx(s, JCC_JNE, label_next, 1);
        tcg_out_brcond32(s, TCG_COND_LEU, args[0], args[2], const_args[2],
                         args[5], small);
        break;
    case TCG_COND_GTU:
        tcg_out_brcond32(s, TCG_COND_GTU, args[1], args[3], const_args[3],
                         args[5], small);
        tcg_out_jxx(s, JCC_JNE, label_next, 1);
        tcg_out_brcond32(s, TCG_COND_GTU, args[0], args[2], const_args[2],
                         args[5], small);
        break;
    case TCG_COND_GEU:
        tcg_out_brcond32(s, TCG_COND_GTU, args[1], args[3], const_args[3],
                         args[5], small);
        tcg_out_jxx(s, JCC_JNE, label_next, 1);
        tcg_out_brcond32(s, TCG_COND_GEU, args[0], args[2], const_args[2],
                         args[5], small);
        break;
    default:
        tcg_abort();
    }
    tcg_out_label(s, label_next, s->code_ptr);
}
#endif

static void tcg_out_setcond32(TCGContext *s, TCGCond cond, TCGArg dest,
                              TCGArg arg1, TCGArg arg2, int const_arg2)
{
    tcg_out_cmp(s, arg1, arg2, const_arg2, 0);
    tcg_out_modrm(s, OPC_SETCC | tcg_cond_to_jcc[cond], 0, dest);
    tcg_out_ext8u(s, dest, dest);
}

#if TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS == 64
static void tcg_out_setcond64(TCGContext *s, TCGCond cond, TCGArg dest,
                              TCGArg arg1, TCGArg arg2, int const_arg2)
{
    tcg_out_cmp(s, arg1, arg2, const_arg2, P_REXW);
    tcg_out_modrm(s, OPC_SETCC | tcg_cond_to_jcc[cond], 0, dest);
    tcg_out_ext8u(s, dest, dest);
}
#else
static void tcg_out_setcond2(TCGContext *s, const TCGArg *args,
                             const int *const_args)
{
    TCGArg new_args[6];
    int label_true, label_over;

    memcpy(new_args, args+1, 5*sizeof(TCGArg));

    if (args[0] == args[1] || args[0] == args[2]
        || (!const_args[3] && args[0] == args[3])
        || (!const_args[4] && args[0] == args[4])) {
        /* When the destination overlaps with one of the argument
           registers, don't do anything tricky.  */
        label_true = gen_new_label();
        label_over = gen_new_label();

        new_args[5] = label_true;
        tcg_out_brcond2(s, new_args, const_args+1, 1);

        tcg_out_movi(s, TCG_TYPE_I32, args[0], 0);
        tcg_out_jxx(s, JCC_JMP, label_over, 1);
        tcg_out_label(s, label_true, s->code_ptr);

        tcg_out_movi(s, TCG_TYPE_I32, args[0], 1);
        tcg_out_label(s, label_over, s->code_ptr);
    } else {
        /* When the destination does not overlap one of the arguments,
           clear the destination first, jump if cond false, and emit an
           increment in the true case.  This results in smaller code.  */

        tcg_out_movi(s, TCG_TYPE_I32, args[0], 0);

        label_over = gen_new_label();
        new_args[4] = tcg_invert_cond(new_args[4]);
        new_args[5] = label_over;
        tcg_out_brcond2(s, new_args, const_args+1, 1);

        tgen_arithi(s, ARITH_ADD, args[0], 1, 0);
        tcg_out_label(s, label_over, s->code_ptr);
    }
}
#endif

static void tcg_out_branch(TCGContext *s, int call, tcg_target_long dest)
{
    tcg_target_long disp = dest - (tcg_target_long)s->code_ptr - 5;

    if (disp == (int32_t)disp) {
        tcg_out_opc(s, call ? OPC_CALL_Jz : OPC_JMP_long, 0, 0, 0);
        tcg_out32(s, disp);
    } else {
        tcg_out_movi(s, TCG_TYPE_PTR, TCG_REG_R10, dest);
        tcg_out_modrm(s, OPC_GRP5,
                      call ? EXT5_CALLN_Ev : EXT5_JMPN_Ev, TCG_REG_R10);
    }
}

static inline void tcg_out_calli(TCGContext *s, tcg_target_long dest)
{
    tcg_out_branch(s, 1, dest);
}

static void tcg_out_jmp(TCGContext *s, tcg_target_long dest)
{
    tcg_out_branch(s, 0, dest);
}

#if defined(CONFIG_SOFTMMU)

#include "../../softmmu_defs.h"

/* helper signature: helper_ld_mmu(CPUState *env, target_ulong addr,
   int mmu_idx) */
static const void *qemu_ld_helpers[4] = {
    helper_ldb_mmu,
    helper_ldw_mmu,
    helper_ldl_mmu,
    helper_ldq_mmu,
};

/* helper signature: helper_st_mmu(CPUState *env, target_ulong addr,
   uintxx_t val, int mmu_idx) */
static const void *qemu_st_helpers[4] = {
    helper_stb_mmu,
    helper_stw_mmu,
    helper_stl_mmu,
    helper_stq_mmu,
};

/* Perform the TLB load and compare.

   Inputs:
   ADDRLO_IDX contains the index into ARGS of the low part of the
   address; the high part of the address is at ADDR_LOW_IDX+1.

   MEM_INDEX and S_BITS are the memory context and log2 size of the load.

   WHICH is the offset into the CPUTLBEntry structure of the slot to read.
   This should be offsetof addr_read or addr_write.

   Outputs:
   LABEL_PTRS is filled with 1 (32-bit addresses) or 2 (64-bit addresses)
   positions of the displacements of forward jumps to the TLB miss case.

   First argument register is loaded with the low part of the address.
   In the TLB hit case, it has been adjusted as indicated by the TLB
   and so is a host address.  In the TLB miss case, it continues to
   hold a guest address.

   Second argument register is clobbered.  */

static inline void tcg_out_tlb_load(TCGContext *s, int addrlo_idx,
                                    int mem_index, int s_bits,
                                    const TCGArg *args,
                                    uint8_t **label_ptr, int which)
{
    const int addrlo = args[addrlo_idx];
    const int r0 = tcg_target_call_iarg_regs[0];
    const int r1 = tcg_target_call_iarg_regs[1];
    TCGType type = TCG_TYPE_I32;
    int rexw = 0;

    if (TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS == 64 && TARGET_LONG_BITS == 64) {
        type = TCG_TYPE_I64;
        rexw = P_REXW;
    }

    tcg_out_mov(s, type, r1, addrlo);
    tcg_out_mov(s, type, r0, addrlo);

    tcg_out_shifti(s, SHIFT_SHR + rexw, r1,
                   TARGET_PAGE_BITS - CPU_TLB_ENTRY_BITS);

    tgen_arithi(s, ARITH_AND + rexw, r0,
                TARGET_PAGE_MASK | ((1 << s_bits) - 1), 0);
    tgen_arithi(s, ARITH_AND + rexw, r1,
                (CPU_TLB_SIZE - 1) << CPU_TLB_ENTRY_BITS, 0);

    tcg_out_modrm_sib_offset(s, OPC_LEA + P_REXW, r1, TCG_AREG0, r1, 0,
                             offsetof(CPUArchState, tlb_table[mem_index][0])
                             + which);

    /* cmp 0(r1), r0 */
    tcg_out_modrm_offset(s, OPC_CMP_GvEv + rexw, r0, r1, 0);

    tcg_out_mov(s, type, r0, addrlo);

    /* jne label1 */
    tcg_out8(s, OPC_JCC_short + JCC_JNE);
    label_ptr[0] = s->code_ptr;
    s->code_ptr++;

    if (TARGET_LONG_BITS > TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS) {
        /* cmp 4(r1), addrhi */
        tcg_out_modrm_offset(s, OPC_CMP_GvEv, args[addrlo_idx+1], r1, 4);

        /* jne label1 */
        tcg_out8(s, OPC_JCC_short + JCC_JNE);
        label_ptr[1] = s->code_ptr;
        s->code_ptr++;
    }

    /* TLB Hit.  */

    /* add addend(r1), r0 */
    tcg_out_modrm_offset(s, OPC_ADD_GvEv + P_REXW, r0, r1,
                         offsetof(CPUTLBEntry, addend) - which);
}
#endif

static void tcg_out_qemu_ld_direct(TCGContext *s, int datalo, int datahi,
                                   int base, tcg_target_long ofs, int sizeop)
{
#ifdef TARGET_WORDS_BIGENDIAN
    const int bswap = 1;
#else
    const int bswap = 0;
#endif
    switch (sizeop) {
    case 0:
        tcg_out_modrm_offset(s, OPC_MOVZBL, datalo, base, ofs);
        break;
    case 0 | 4:
        tcg_out_modrm_offset(s, OPC_MOVSBL + P_REXW, datalo, base, ofs);
        break;
    case 1:
        tcg_out_modrm_offset(s, OPC_MOVZWL, datalo, base, ofs);
        if (bswap) {
            tcg_out_rolw_8(s, datalo);
        }
        break;
    case 1 | 4:
        if (bswap) {
            tcg_out_modrm_offset(s, OPC_MOVZWL, datalo, base, ofs);
            tcg_out_rolw_8(s, datalo);
            tcg_out_modrm(s, OPC_MOVSWL + P_REXW, datalo, datalo);
        } else {
            tcg_out_modrm_offset(s, OPC_MOVSWL + P_REXW, datalo, base, ofs);
        }
        break;
    case 2:
        tcg_out_ld(s, TCG_TYPE_I32, datalo, base, ofs);
        if (bswap) {
            tcg_out_bswap32(s, datalo);
        }
        break;
#if TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS == 64
    case 2 | 4:
        if (bswap) {
            tcg_out_ld(s, TCG_TYPE_I32, datalo, base, ofs);
            tcg_out_bswap32(s, datalo);
            tcg_out_ext32s(s, datalo, datalo);
        } else {
            tcg_out_modrm_offset(s, OPC_MOVSLQ, datalo, base, ofs);
        }
        break;
#endif
    case 3:
        if (TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS == 64) {
            tcg_out_ld(s, TCG_TYPE_I64, datalo, base, ofs);
            if (bswap) {
                tcg_out_bswap64(s, datalo);
            }
        } else {
            if (bswap) {
                int t = datalo;
                datalo = datahi;
                datahi = t;
            }
            if (base != datalo) {
                tcg_out_ld(s, TCG_TYPE_I32, datalo, base, ofs);
                tcg_out_ld(s, TCG_TYPE_I32, datahi, base, ofs + 4);
            } else {
                tcg_out_ld(s, TCG_TYPE_I32, datahi, base, ofs + 4);
                tcg_out_ld(s, TCG_TYPE_I32, datalo, base, ofs);
            }
            if (bswap) {
                tcg_out_bswap32(s, datalo);
                tcg_out_bswap32(s, datahi);
            }
        }
        break;
    default:
        tcg_abort();
    }
}

/* XXX: qemu_ld and qemu_st could be modified to clobber only EDX and
   EAX. It will be useful once fixed registers globals are less
   common. */
static void tcg_out_qemu_ld(TCGContext *s, const TCGArg *args,
                            int opc)
{
    int data_reg, data_reg2 = 0;
    int addrlo_idx;
#if defined(CONFIG_SOFTMMU)
    int mem_index, s_bits;
#if TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS == 64
    int arg_idx;
#else
    int stack_adjust;
#endif
    uint8_t *label_ptr[3];
#endif

    data_reg = args[0];
    addrlo_idx = 1;
    if (TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS == 32 && opc == 3) {
        data_reg2 = args[1];
        addrlo_idx = 2;
    }

#if defined(CONFIG_SOFTMMU)
    mem_index = args[addrlo_idx + 1 + (TARGET_LONG_BITS > TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS)];
    s_bits = opc & 3;

    tcg_out_tlb_load(s, addrlo_idx, mem_index, s_bits, args,
                     label_ptr, offsetof(CPUTLBEntry, addr_read));

    /* TLB Hit.  */
    tcg_out_qemu_ld_direct(s, data_reg, data_reg2,
                           tcg_target_call_iarg_regs[0], 0, opc);

    /* jmp label2 */
    tcg_out8(s, OPC_JMP_short);
    label_ptr[2] = s->code_ptr;
    s->code_ptr++;

    /* TLB Miss.  */

    /* label1: */
    *label_ptr[0] = s->code_ptr - label_ptr[0] - 1;
    if (TARGET_LONG_BITS > TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS) {
        *label_ptr[1] = s->code_ptr - label_ptr[1] - 1;
    }

    /* XXX: move that code at the end of the TB */
#if TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS == 32
    tcg_out_pushi(s, mem_index);
    stack_adjust = 4;
    if (TARGET_LONG_BITS == 64) {
        tcg_out_push(s, args[addrlo_idx + 1]);
        stack_adjust += 4;
    }
    tcg_out_push(s, args[addrlo_idx]);
    stack_adjust += 4;
    tcg_out_push(s, TCG_AREG0);
    stack_adjust += 4;
#else
    /* The first argument is already loaded with addrlo.  */
    arg_idx = 1;
    tcg_out_movi(s, TCG_TYPE_I32, tcg_target_call_iarg_regs[arg_idx],
                 mem_index);
    /* XXX/FIXME: suboptimal */
    tcg_out_mov(s, TCG_TYPE_I64, tcg_target_call_iarg_regs[3],
                tcg_target_call_iarg_regs[2]);
    tcg_out_mov(s, TCG_TYPE_I64, tcg_target_call_iarg_regs[2],
                tcg_target_call_iarg_regs[1]);
    tcg_out_mov(s, TCG_TYPE_I64, tcg_target_call_iarg_regs[1],
                tcg_target_call_iarg_regs[0]);
    tcg_out_mov(s, TCG_TYPE_I64, tcg_target_call_iarg_regs[0],
                TCG_AREG0);
#endif

    tcg_out_calli(s, (tcg_target_long)qemu_ld_helpers[s_bits]);

#if TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS == 32
    if (stack_adjust == (TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS / 8)) {
        /* Pop and discard.  This is 2 bytes smaller than the add.  */
        tcg_out_pop(s, TCG_REG_ECX);
    } else if (stack_adjust != 0) {
        tcg_out_addi(s, TCG_REG_CALL_STACK, stack_adjust);
    }
#endif

    switch(opc) {
    case 0 | 4:
        tcg_out_ext8s(s, data_reg, TCG_REG_EAX, P_REXW);
        break;
    case 1 | 4:
        tcg_out_ext16s(s, data_reg, TCG_REG_EAX, P_REXW);
        break;
    case 0:
        tcg_out_ext8u(s, data_reg, TCG_REG_EAX);
        break;
    case 1:
        tcg_out_ext16u(s, data_reg, TCG_REG_EAX);
        break;
    case 2:
        tcg_out_mov(s, TCG_TYPE_I32, data_reg, TCG_REG_EAX);
        break;
#if TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS == 64
    case 2 | 4:
        tcg_out_ext32s(s, data_reg, TCG_REG_EAX);
        break;
#endif
    case 3:
        if (TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS == 64) {
            tcg_out_mov(s, TCG_TYPE_I64, data_reg, TCG_REG_RAX);
        } else if (data_reg == TCG_REG_EDX) {
            /* xchg %edx, %eax */
            tcg_out_opc(s, OPC_XCHG_ax_r32 + TCG_REG_EDX, 0, 0, 0);
            tcg_out_mov(s, TCG_TYPE_I32, data_reg2, TCG_REG_EAX);
        } else {
            tcg_out_mov(s, TCG_TYPE_I32, data_reg, TCG_REG_EAX);
            tcg_out_mov(s, TCG_TYPE_I32, data_reg2, TCG_REG_EDX);
        }
        break;
    default:
        tcg_abort();
    }

    /* label2: */
    *label_ptr[2] = s->code_ptr - label_ptr[2] - 1;
#else
    {
        int32_t offset = GUEST_BASE;
        int base = args[addrlo_idx];

        if (TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS == 64) {
            /* ??? We assume all operations have left us with register
               contents that are zero extended.  So far this appears to
               be true.  If we want to enforce this, we can either do
               an explicit zero-extension here, or (if GUEST_BASE == 0)
               use the ADDR32 prefix.  For now, do nothing.  */

            if (offset != GUEST_BASE) {
                tcg_out_movi(s, TCG_TYPE_I64,
                             tcg_target_call_iarg_regs[0], GUEST_BASE);
                tgen_arithr(s, ARITH_ADD + P_REXW,
                            tcg_target_call_iarg_regs[0], base);
                base = tcg_target_call_iarg_regs[0];
                offset = 0;
            }
        }

        tcg_out_qemu_ld_direct(s, data_reg, data_reg2, base, offset, opc);
    }
#endif
}

static void tcg_out_qemu_st_direct(TCGContext *s, int datalo, int datahi,
                                   int base, tcg_target_long ofs, int sizeop)
{
#ifdef TARGET_WORDS_BIGENDIAN
    const int bswap = 1;
#else
    const int bswap = 0;
#endif
    /* ??? Ideally we wouldn't need a scratch register.  For user-only,
       we could perform the bswap twice to restore the original value
       instead of moving to the scratch.  But as it is, the L constraint
       means that the second argument reg is definitely free here.  */
    int scratch = tcg_target_call_iarg_regs[1];

    switch (sizeop) {
    case 0:
        tcg_out_modrm_offset(s, OPC_MOVB_EvGv + P_REXB_R, datalo, base, ofs);
        break;
    case 1:
        if (bswap) {
            tcg_out_mov(s, TCG_TYPE_I32, scratch, datalo);
            tcg_out_rolw_8(s, scratch);
            datalo = scratch;
        }
        tcg_out_modrm_offset(s, OPC_MOVL_EvGv + P_DATA16, datalo, base, ofs);
        break;
    case 2:
        if (bswap) {
            tcg_out_mov(s, TCG_TYPE_I32, scratch, datalo);
            tcg_out_bswap32(s, scratch);
            datalo = scratch;
        }
        tcg_out_st(s, TCG_TYPE_I32, datalo, base, ofs);
        break;
    case 3:
        if (TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS == 64) {
            if (bswap) {
                tcg_out_mov(s, TCG_TYPE_I64, scratch, datalo);
                tcg_out_bswap64(s, scratch);
                datalo = scratch;
            }
            tcg_out_st(s, TCG_TYPE_I64, datalo, base, ofs);
        } else if (bswap) {
            tcg_out_mov(s, TCG_TYPE_I32, scratch, datahi);
            tcg_out_bswap32(s, scratch);
            tcg_out_st(s, TCG_TYPE_I32, scratch, base, ofs);
            tcg_out_mov(s, TCG_TYPE_I32, scratch, datalo);
            tcg_out_bswap32(s, scratch);
            tcg_out_st(s, TCG_TYPE_I32, scratch, base, ofs + 4);
        } else {
            tcg_out_st(s, TCG_TYPE_I32, datalo, base, ofs);
            tcg_out_st(s, TCG_TYPE_I32, datahi, base, ofs + 4);
        }
        break;
    default:
        tcg_abort();
    }
}

static void tcg_out_qemu_st(TCGContext *s, const TCGArg *args,
                            int opc)
{
    int data_reg, data_reg2 = 0;
    int addrlo_idx;
#if defined(CONFIG_SOFTMMU)
    int mem_index, s_bits;
    int stack_adjust;
    uint8_t *label_ptr[3];
#endif

    data_reg = args[0];
    addrlo_idx = 1;
    if (TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS == 32 && opc == 3) {
        data_reg2 = args[1];
        addrlo_idx = 2;
    }

#if defined(CONFIG_SOFTMMU)
    mem_index = args[addrlo_idx + 1 + (TARGET_LONG_BITS > TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS)];
    s_bits = opc;

    tcg_out_tlb_load(s, addrlo_idx, mem_index, s_bits, args,
                     label_ptr, offsetof(CPUTLBEntry, addr_write));

    /* TLB Hit.  */
    tcg_out_qemu_st_direct(s, data_reg, data_reg2,
                           tcg_target_call_iarg_regs[0], 0, opc);

    /* jmp label2 */
    tcg_out8(s, OPC_JMP_short);
    label_ptr[2] = s->code_ptr;
    s->code_ptr++;

    /* TLB Miss.  */

    /* label1: */
    *label_ptr[0] = s->code_ptr - label_ptr[0] - 1;
    if (TARGET_LONG_BITS > TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS) {
        *label_ptr[1] = s->code_ptr - label_ptr[1] - 1;
    }

    /* XXX: move that code at the end of the TB */
#if TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS == 32
    tcg_out_pushi(s, mem_index);
    stack_adjust = 4;
    if (opc == 3) {
        tcg_out_push(s, data_reg2);
        stack_adjust += 4;
    }
    tcg_out_push(s, data_reg);
    stack_adjust += 4;
    if (TARGET_LONG_BITS == 64) {
        tcg_out_push(s, args[addrlo_idx + 1]);
        stack_adjust += 4;
    }
    tcg_out_push(s, args[addrlo_idx]);
    stack_adjust += 4;
    tcg_out_push(s, TCG_AREG0);
    stack_adjust += 4;
#else
    tcg_out_mov(s, (opc == 3 ? TCG_TYPE_I64 : TCG_TYPE_I32),
                tcg_target_call_iarg_regs[1], data_reg);
    tcg_out_movi(s, TCG_TYPE_I32, tcg_target_call_iarg_regs[2], mem_index);
    stack_adjust = 0;
    /* XXX/FIXME: suboptimal */
    tcg_out_mov(s, TCG_TYPE_I64, tcg_target_call_iarg_regs[3],
                tcg_target_call_iarg_regs[2]);
    tcg_out_mov(s, TCG_TYPE_I64, tcg_target_call_iarg_regs[2],
                tcg_target_call_iarg_regs[1]);
    tcg_out_mov(s, TCG_TYPE_I64, tcg_target_call_iarg_regs[1],
                tcg_target_call_iarg_regs[0]);
    tcg_out_mov(s, TCG_TYPE_I64, tcg_target_call_iarg_regs[0],
                TCG_AREG0);
#endif

    tcg_out_calli(s, (tcg_target_long)qemu_st_helpers[s_bits]);

    if (stack_adjust == (TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS / 8)) {
        /* Pop and discard.  This is 2 bytes smaller than the add.  */
        tcg_out_pop(s, TCG_REG_ECX);
    } else if (stack_adjust != 0) {
        tcg_out_addi(s, TCG_REG_CALL_STACK, stack_adjust);
    }

    /* label2: */
    *label_ptr[2] = s->code_ptr - label_ptr[2] - 1;
#else
    {
        int32_t offset = GUEST_BASE;
        int base = args[addrlo_idx];

        if (TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS == 64) {
            /* ??? We assume all operations have left us with register
               contents that are zero extended.  So far this appears to
               be true.  If we want to enforce this, we can either do
               an explicit zero-extension here, or (if GUEST_BASE == 0)
               use the ADDR32 prefix.  For now, do nothing.  */

            if (offset != GUEST_BASE) {
                tcg_out_movi(s, TCG_TYPE_I64,
                             tcg_target_call_iarg_regs[0], GUEST_BASE);
                tgen_arithr(s, ARITH_ADD + P_REXW,
                            tcg_target_call_iarg_regs[0], base);
                base = tcg_target_call_iarg_regs[0];
                offset = 0;
            }
        }

        tcg_out_qemu_st_direct(s, data_reg, data_reg2, base, offset, opc);
    }
#endif
}

static inline void tcg_out_op(TCGContext *s, TCGOpcode opc,
                              const TCGArg *args, const int *const_args)
{
    int c, rexw = 0;

#if TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS == 64
# define OP_32_64(x) \
        case glue(glue(INDEX_op_, x), _i64): \
            rexw = P_REXW; /* FALLTHRU */    \
        case glue(glue(INDEX_op_, x), _i32)
#else
# define OP_32_64(x) \
        case glue(glue(INDEX_op_, x), _i32)
#endif

    switch(opc) {
    case INDEX_op_exit_tb:
        tcg_out_movi(s, TCG_TYPE_PTR, TCG_REG_EAX, args[0]);
        tcg_out_jmp(s, (tcg_target_long) tb_ret_addr);
        break;
    case INDEX_op_goto_tb:
        if (s->tb_jmp_offset) {
            /* direct jump method */
            tcg_out8(s, OPC_JMP_long); /* jmp im */
            s->tb_jmp_offset[args[0]] = s->code_ptr - s->code_buf;
            tcg_out32(s, 0);
        } else {
            /* indirect jump method */
            tcg_out_modrm_offset(s, OPC_GRP5, EXT5_JMPN_Ev, -1,
                                 (tcg_target_long)(s->tb_next + args[0]));
        }
        s->tb_next_offset[args[0]] = s->code_ptr - s->code_buf;
        break;
    case INDEX_op_call:
        if (const_args[0]) {
            tcg_out_calli(s, args[0]);
        } else {
            /* call *reg */
            tcg_out_modrm(s, OPC_GRP5, EXT5_CALLN_Ev, args[0]);
        }
        break;
    case INDEX_op_jmp:
        if (const_args[0]) {
            tcg_out_jmp(s, args[0]);
        } else {
            /* jmp *reg */
            tcg_out_modrm(s, OPC_GRP5, EXT5_JMPN_Ev, args[0]);
        }
        break;
    case INDEX_op_br:
        tcg_out_jxx(s, JCC_JMP, args[0], 0);
        break;
    case INDEX_op_movi_i32:
        tcg_out_movi(s, TCG_TYPE_I32, args[0], args[1]);
        break;
    OP_32_64(ld8u):
        /* Note that we can ignore REXW for the zero-extend to 64-bit.  */
        tcg_out_modrm_offset(s, OPC_MOVZBL, args[0], args[1], args[2]);
        break;
    OP_32_64(ld8s):
        tcg_out_modrm_offset(s, OPC_MOVSBL + rexw, args[0], args[1], args[2]);
        break;
    OP_32_64(ld16u):
        /* Note that we can ignore REXW for the zero-extend to 64-bit.  */
        tcg_out_modrm_offset(s, OPC_MOVZWL, args[0], args[1], args[2]);
        break;
    OP_32_64(ld16s):
        tcg_out_modrm_offset(s, OPC_MOVSWL + rexw, args[0], args[1], args[2]);
        break;
#if TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS == 64
    case INDEX_op_ld32u_i64:
#endif
    case INDEX_op_ld_i32:
        tcg_out_ld(s, TCG_TYPE_I32, args[0], args[1], args[2]);
        break;

    OP_32_64(st8):
        tcg_out_modrm_offset(s, OPC_MOVB_EvGv | P_REXB_R,
                             args[0], args[1], args[2]);
        break;
    OP_32_64(st16):
        tcg_out_modrm_offset(s, OPC_MOVL_EvGv | P_DATA16,
                             args[0], args[1], args[2]);
        break;
#if TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS == 64
    case INDEX_op_st32_i64:
#endif
    case INDEX_op_st_i32:
        tcg_out_st(s, TCG_TYPE_I32, args[0], args[1], args[2]);
        break;

    OP_32_64(add):
        /* For 3-operand addition, use LEA.  */
        if (args[0] != args[1]) {
            TCGArg a0 = args[0], a1 = args[1], a2 = args[2], c3 = 0;

            if (const_args[2]) {
                c3 = a2, a2 = -1;
            } else if (a0 == a2) {
                /* Watch out for dest = src + dest, since we've removed
                   the matching constraint on the add.  */
                tgen_arithr(s, ARITH_ADD + rexw, a0, a1);
                break;
            }

            tcg_out_modrm_sib_offset(s, OPC_LEA + rexw, a0, a1, a2, 0, c3);
            break;
        }
        c = ARITH_ADD;
        goto gen_arith;
    OP_32_64(sub):
        c = ARITH_SUB;
        goto gen_arith;
    OP_32_64(and):
        c = ARITH_AND;
        goto gen_arith;
    OP_32_64(or):
        c = ARITH_OR;
        goto gen_arith;
    OP_32_64(xor):
        c = ARITH_XOR;
        goto gen_arith;
    gen_arith:
        if (const_args[2]) {
            tgen_arithi(s, c + rexw, args[0], args[2], 0);
        } else {
            tgen_arithr(s, c + rexw, args[0], args[2]);
        }
        break;

    OP_32_64(mul):
        if (const_args[2]) {
            int32_t val;
            val = args[2];
            if (val == (int8_t)val) {
                tcg_out_modrm(s, OPC_IMUL_GvEvIb + rexw, args[0], args[0]);
                tcg_out8(s, val);
            } else {
                tcg_out_modrm(s, OPC_IMUL_GvEvIz + rexw, args[0], args[0]);
                tcg_out32(s, val);
            }
        } else {
            tcg_out_modrm(s, OPC_IMUL_GvEv + rexw, args[0], args[2]);
        }
        break;

    OP_32_64(div2):
        tcg_out_modrm(s, OPC_GRP3_Ev + rexw, EXT3_IDIV, args[4]);
        break;
    OP_32_64(divu2):
        tcg_out_modrm(s, OPC_GRP3_Ev + rexw, EXT3_DIV, args[4]);
        break;

    OP_32_64(shl):
        c = SHIFT_SHL;
        goto gen_shift;
    OP_32_64(shr):
        c = SHIFT_SHR;
        goto gen_shift;
    OP_32_64(sar):
        c = SHIFT_SAR;
        goto gen_shift;
    OP_32_64(rotl):
        c = SHIFT_ROL;
        goto gen_shift;
    OP_32_64(rotr):
        c = SHIFT_ROR;
        goto gen_shift;
    gen_shift:
        if (const_args[2]) {
            tcg_out_shifti(s, c + rexw, args[0], args[2]);
        } else {
            tcg_out_modrm(s, OPC_SHIFT_cl + rexw, c, args[0]);
        }
        break;

    case INDEX_op_brcond_i32:
        tcg_out_brcond32(s, args[2], args[0], args[1], const_args[1],
                         args[3], 0);
        break;
    case INDEX_op_setcond_i32:
        tcg_out_setcond32(s, args[3], args[0], args[1],
                          args[2], const_args[2]);
        break;

    OP_32_64(bswap16):
        tcg_out_rolw_8(s, args[0]);
        break;
    OP_32_64(bswap32):
        tcg_out_bswap32(s, args[0]);
        break;

    OP_32_64(neg):
        tcg_out_modrm(s, OPC_GRP3_Ev + rexw, EXT3_NEG, args[0]);
        break;
    OP_32_64(not):
        tcg_out_modrm(s, OPC_GRP3_Ev + rexw, EXT3_NOT, args[0]);
        break;

    OP_32_64(ext8s):
        tcg_out_ext8s(s, args[0], args[1], rexw);
        break;
    OP_32_64(ext16s):
        tcg_out_ext16s(s, args[0], args[1], rexw);
        break;
    OP_32_64(ext8u):
        tcg_out_ext8u(s, args[0], args[1]);
        break;
    OP_32_64(ext16u):
        tcg_out_ext16u(s, args[0], args[1]);
        break;

    case INDEX_op_qemu_ld8u:
        tcg_out_qemu_ld(s, args, 0);
        break;
    case INDEX_op_qemu_ld8s:
        tcg_out_qemu_ld(s, args, 0 | 4);
        break;
    case INDEX_op_qemu_ld16u:
        tcg_out_qemu_ld(s, args, 1);
        break;
    case INDEX_op_qemu_ld16s:
        tcg_out_qemu_ld(s, args, 1 | 4);
        break;
#if TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS == 64
    case INDEX_op_qemu_ld32u:
#endif
    case INDEX_op_qemu_ld32:
        tcg_out_qemu_ld(s, args, 2);
        break;
    case INDEX_op_qemu_ld64:
        tcg_out_qemu_ld(s, args, 3);
        break;

    case INDEX_op_qemu_st8:
        tcg_out_qemu_st(s, args, 0);
        break;
    case INDEX_op_qemu_st16:
        tcg_out_qemu_st(s, args, 1);
        break;
    case INDEX_op_qemu_st32:
        tcg_out_qemu_st(s, args, 2);
        break;
    case INDEX_op_qemu_st64:
        tcg_out_qemu_st(s, args, 3);
        break;

#if TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS == 32
    case INDEX_op_brcond2_i32:
        tcg_out_brcond2(s, args, const_args, 0);
        break;
    case INDEX_op_setcond2_i32:
        tcg_out_setcond2(s, args, const_args);
        break;
    case INDEX_op_mulu2_i32:
        tcg_out_modrm(s, OPC_GRP3_Ev, EXT3_MUL, args[3]);
        break;
    case INDEX_op_add2_i32:
        if (const_args[4]) {
            tgen_arithi(s, ARITH_ADD, args[0], args[4], 1);
        } else {
            tgen_arithr(s, ARITH_ADD, args[0], args[4]);
        }
        if (const_args[5]) {
            tgen_arithi(s, ARITH_ADC, args[1], args[5], 1);
        } else {
            tgen_arithr(s, ARITH_ADC, args[1], args[5]);
        }
        break;
    case INDEX_op_sub2_i32:
        if (const_args[4]) {
            tgen_arithi(s, ARITH_SUB, args[0], args[4], 1);
        } else {
            tgen_arithr(s, ARITH_SUB, args[0], args[4]);
        }
        if (const_args[5]) {
            tgen_arithi(s, ARITH_SBB, args[1], args[5], 1);
        } else {
            tgen_arithr(s, ARITH_SBB, args[1], args[5]);
        }
        break;
#else /* TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS == 64 */
    case INDEX_op_movi_i64:
        tcg_out_movi(s, TCG_TYPE_I64, args[0], args[1]);
        break;
    case INDEX_op_ld32s_i64:
        tcg_out_modrm_offset(s, OPC_MOVSLQ, args[0], args[1], args[2]);
        break;
    case INDEX_op_ld_i64:
        tcg_out_ld(s, TCG_TYPE_I64, args[0], args[1], args[2]);
        break;
    case INDEX_op_st_i64:
        tcg_out_st(s, TCG_TYPE_I64, args[0], args[1], args[2]);
        break;
    case INDEX_op_qemu_ld32s:
        tcg_out_qemu_ld(s, args, 2 | 4);
        break;

    case INDEX_op_brcond_i64:
        tcg_out_brcond64(s, args[2], args[0], args[1], const_args[1],
                         args[3], 0);
        break;
    case INDEX_op_setcond_i64:
        tcg_out_setcond64(s, args[3], args[0], args[1],
                          args[2], const_args[2]);
        break;

    case INDEX_op_bswap64_i64:
        tcg_out_bswap64(s, args[0]);
        break;
    case INDEX_op_ext32u_i64:
        tcg_out_ext32u(s, args[0], args[1]);
        break;
    case INDEX_op_ext32s_i64:
        tcg_out_ext32s(s, args[0], args[1]);
        break;
#endif

    OP_32_64(deposit):
        if (args[3] == 0 && args[4] == 8) {
            /* load bits 0..7 */
            tcg_out_modrm(s, OPC_MOVB_EvGv | P_REXB_R | P_REXB_RM,
                          args[2], args[0]);
        } else if (args[3] == 8 && args[4] == 8) {
            /* load bits 8..15 */
            tcg_out_modrm(s, OPC_MOVB_EvGv, args[2], args[0] + 4);
        } else if (args[3] == 0 && args[4] == 16) {
            /* load bits 0..15 */
            tcg_out_modrm(s, OPC_MOVL_EvGv | P_DATA16, args[2], args[0]);
        } else {
            tcg_abort();
        }
        break;

    default:
        tcg_abort();
    }

#undef OP_32_64
}

static const TCGTargetOpDef x86_op_defs[] = {
    { INDEX_op_exit_tb, { } },
    { INDEX_op_goto_tb, { } },
    { INDEX_op_call, { "ri" } },
    { INDEX_op_jmp, { "ri" } },
    { INDEX_op_br, { } },
    { INDEX_op_mov_i32, { "r", "r" } },
    { INDEX_op_movi_i32, { "r" } },
    { INDEX_op_ld8u_i32, { "r", "r" } },
    { INDEX_op_ld8s_i32, { "r", "r" } },
    { INDEX_op_ld16u_i32, { "r", "r" } },
    { INDEX_op_ld16s_i32, { "r", "r" } },
    { INDEX_op_ld_i32, { "r", "r" } },
    { INDEX_op_st8_i32, { "q", "r" } },
    { INDEX_op_st16_i32, { "r", "r" } },
    { INDEX_op_st_i32, { "r", "r" } },

    { INDEX_op_add_i32, { "r", "r", "ri" } },
    { INDEX_op_sub_i32, { "r", "0", "ri" } },
    { INDEX_op_mul_i32, { "r", "0", "ri" } },
    { INDEX_op_div2_i32, { "a", "d", "0", "1", "r" } },
    { INDEX_op_divu2_i32, { "a", "d", "0", "1", "r" } },
    { INDEX_op_and_i32, { "r", "0", "ri" } },
    { INDEX_op_or_i32, { "r", "0", "ri" } },
    { INDEX_op_xor_i32, { "r", "0", "ri" } },

    { INDEX_op_shl_i32, { "r", "0", "ci" } },
    { INDEX_op_shr_i32, { "r", "0", "ci" } },
    { INDEX_op_sar_i32, { "r", "0", "ci" } },
    { INDEX_op_rotl_i32, { "r", "0", "ci" } },
    { INDEX_op_rotr_i32, { "r", "0", "ci" } },

    { INDEX_op_brcond_i32, { "r", "ri" } },

    { INDEX_op_bswap16_i32, { "r", "0" } },
    { INDEX_op_bswap32_i32, { "r", "0" } },

    { INDEX_op_neg_i32, { "r", "0" } },

    { INDEX_op_not_i32, { "r", "0" } },

    { INDEX_op_ext8s_i32, { "r", "q" } },
    { INDEX_op_ext16s_i32, { "r", "r" } },
    { INDEX_op_ext8u_i32, { "r", "q" } },
    { INDEX_op_ext16u_i32, { "r", "r" } },

    { INDEX_op_setcond_i32, { "q", "r", "ri" } },

    { INDEX_op_deposit_i32, { "Q", "0", "Q" } },

#if TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS == 32
    { INDEX_op_mulu2_i32, { "a", "d", "a", "r" } },
    { INDEX_op_add2_i32, { "r", "r", "0", "1", "ri", "ri" } },
    { INDEX_op_sub2_i32, { "r", "r", "0", "1", "ri", "ri" } },
    { INDEX_op_brcond2_i32, { "r", "r", "ri", "ri" } },
    { INDEX_op_setcond2_i32, { "r", "r", "r", "ri", "ri" } },
#else
    { INDEX_op_mov_i64, { "r", "r" } },
    { INDEX_op_movi_i64, { "r" } },
    { INDEX_op_ld8u_i64, { "r", "r" } },
    { INDEX_op_ld8s_i64, { "r", "r" } },
    { INDEX_op_ld16u_i64, { "r", "r" } },
    { INDEX_op_ld16s_i64, { "r", "r" } },
    { INDEX_op_ld32u_i64, { "r", "r" } },
    { INDEX_op_ld32s_i64, { "r", "r" } },
    { INDEX_op_ld_i64, { "r", "r" } },
    { INDEX_op_st8_i64, { "r", "r" } },
    { INDEX_op_st16_i64, { "r", "r" } },
    { INDEX_op_st32_i64, { "r", "r" } },
    { INDEX_op_st_i64, { "r", "r" } },

    { INDEX_op_add_i64, { "r", "0", "re" } },
    { INDEX_op_mul_i64, { "r", "0", "re" } },
    { INDEX_op_div2_i64, { "a", "d", "0", "1", "r" } },
    { INDEX_op_divu2_i64, { "a", "d", "0", "1", "r" } },
    { INDEX_op_sub_i64, { "r", "0", "re" } },
    { INDEX_op_and_i64, { "r", "0", "reZ" } },
    { INDEX_op_or_i64, { "r", "0", "re" } },
    { INDEX_op_xor_i64, { "r", "0", "re" } },

    { INDEX_op_shl_i64, { "r", "0", "ci" } },
    { INDEX_op_shr_i64, { "r", "0", "ci" } },
    { INDEX_op_sar_i64, { "r", "0", "ci" } },
    { INDEX_op_rotl_i64, { "r", "0", "ci" } },
    { INDEX_op_rotr_i64, { "r", "0", "ci" } },

    { INDEX_op_brcond_i64, { "r", "re" } },
    { INDEX_op_setcond_i64, { "r", "r", "re" } },

    { INDEX_op_bswap16_i64, { "r", "0" } },
    { INDEX_op_bswap32_i64, { "r", "0" } },
    { INDEX_op_bswap64_i64, { "r", "0" } },
    { INDEX_op_neg_i64, { "r", "0" } },
    { INDEX_op_not_i64, { "r", "0" } },

    { INDEX_op_ext8s_i64, { "r", "r" } },
    { INDEX_op_ext16s_i64, { "r", "r" } },
    { INDEX_op_ext32s_i64, { "r", "r" } },
    { INDEX_op_ext8u_i64, { "r", "r" } },
    { INDEX_op_ext16u_i64, { "r", "r" } },
    { INDEX_op_ext32u_i64, { "r", "r" } },

    { INDEX_op_deposit_i64, { "Q", "0", "Q" } },
#endif

#if TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS == 64
    { INDEX_op_qemu_ld8u, { "r", "L" } },
    { INDEX_op_qemu_ld8s, { "r", "L" } },
    { INDEX_op_qemu_ld16u, { "r", "L" } },
    { INDEX_op_qemu_ld16s, { "r", "L" } },
    { INDEX_op_qemu_ld32, { "r", "L" } },
    { INDEX_op_qemu_ld32u, { "r", "L" } },
    { INDEX_op_qemu_ld32s, { "r", "L" } },
    { INDEX_op_qemu_ld64, { "r", "L" } },

    { INDEX_op_qemu_st8, { "L", "L" } },
    { INDEX_op_qemu_st16, { "L", "L" } },
    { INDEX_op_qemu_st32, { "L", "L" } },
    { INDEX_op_qemu_st64, { "L", "L" } },
#elif TARGET_LONG_BITS <= TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS
    { INDEX_op_qemu_ld8u, { "r", "L" } },
    { INDEX_op_qemu_ld8s, { "r", "L" } },
    { INDEX_op_qemu_ld16u, { "r", "L" } },
    { INDEX_op_qemu_ld16s, { "r", "L" } },
    { INDEX_op_qemu_ld32, { "r", "L" } },
    { INDEX_op_qemu_ld64, { "r", "r", "L" } },

    { INDEX_op_qemu_st8, { "cb", "L" } },
    { INDEX_op_qemu_st16, { "L", "L" } },
    { INDEX_op_qemu_st32, { "L", "L" } },
    { INDEX_op_qemu_st64, { "L", "L", "L" } },
#else
    { INDEX_op_qemu_ld8u, { "r", "L", "L" } },
    { INDEX_op_qemu_ld8s, { "r", "L", "L" } },
    { INDEX_op_qemu_ld16u, { "r", "L", "L" } },
    { INDEX_op_qemu_ld16s, { "r", "L", "L" } },
    { INDEX_op_qemu_ld32, { "r", "L", "L" } },
    { INDEX_op_qemu_ld64, { "r", "r", "L", "L" } },

    { INDEX_op_qemu_st8, { "cb", "L", "L" } },
    { INDEX_op_qemu_st16, { "L", "L", "L" } },
    { INDEX_op_qemu_st32, { "L", "L", "L" } },
    { INDEX_op_qemu_st64, { "L", "L", "L", "L" } },
#endif
    { -1 },
};

static int tcg_target_callee_save_regs[] = {
#if TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS == 64
    TCG_REG_RBP,
    TCG_REG_RBX,
#if defined(_WIN64)
    TCG_REG_RDI,
    TCG_REG_RSI,
#endif
    TCG_REG_R12,
    TCG_REG_R13,
    TCG_REG_R14, /* Currently used for the global env. */
    TCG_REG_R15,
#else
    TCG_REG_EBP, /* Currently used for the global env. */
    TCG_REG_EBX,
    TCG_REG_ESI,
    TCG_REG_EDI,
#endif
};

/* Compute frame size via macros, to share between tcg_target_qemu_prologue
   and tcg_register_jit.  */

#define PUSH_SIZE \
    ((1 + ARRAY_SIZE(tcg_target_callee_save_regs)) \
     * (TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS / 8))

#define FRAME_SIZE \
    ((PUSH_SIZE \
      + TCG_STATIC_CALL_ARGS_SIZE \
      + CPU_TEMP_BUF_NLONGS * sizeof(long) \
      + TCG_TARGET_STACK_ALIGN - 1) \
     & ~(TCG_TARGET_STACK_ALIGN - 1))

/* Generate global QEMU prologue and epilogue code */
static void tcg_target_qemu_prologue(TCGContext *s)
{
    int i, stack_addend;

    /* TB prologue */

    /* Reserve some stack space, also for TCG temps.  */
    stack_addend = FRAME_SIZE - PUSH_SIZE;
    tcg_set_frame(s, TCG_REG_CALL_STACK, TCG_STATIC_CALL_ARGS_SIZE,
                  CPU_TEMP_BUF_NLONGS * sizeof(long));

    /* Save all callee saved registers.  */
    for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(tcg_target_callee_save_regs); i++) {
        tcg_out_push(s, tcg_target_callee_save_regs[i]);
    }

#if TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS == 32
    tcg_out_ld(s, TCG_TYPE_PTR, TCG_AREG0, TCG_REG_ESP,
               (ARRAY_SIZE(tcg_target_callee_save_regs) + 1) * 4);
    tcg_out_ld(s, TCG_TYPE_PTR, tcg_target_call_iarg_regs[1], TCG_REG_ESP,
               (ARRAY_SIZE(tcg_target_callee_save_regs) + 2) * 4);
#else
    tcg_out_mov(s, TCG_TYPE_PTR, TCG_AREG0, tcg_target_call_iarg_regs[0]);
#endif
    tcg_out_addi(s, TCG_REG_ESP, -stack_addend);

    /* jmp *tb.  */
    tcg_out_modrm(s, OPC_GRP5, EXT5_JMPN_Ev, tcg_target_call_iarg_regs[1]);

    /* TB epilogue */
    tb_ret_addr = s->code_ptr;

    tcg_out_addi(s, TCG_REG_CALL_STACK, stack_addend);

    for (i = ARRAY_SIZE(tcg_target_callee_save_regs) - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
        tcg_out_pop(s, tcg_target_callee_save_regs[i]);
    }
    tcg_out_opc(s, OPC_RET, 0, 0, 0);
}

static void tcg_target_init(TCGContext *s)
{
#if !defined(CONFIG_USER_ONLY)
    /* fail safe */
    if ((1 << CPU_TLB_ENTRY_BITS) != sizeof(CPUTLBEntry))
        tcg_abort();
#endif

    if (TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS == 64) {
        tcg_regset_set32(tcg_target_available_regs[TCG_TYPE_I32], 0, 0xffff);
        tcg_regset_set32(tcg_target_available_regs[TCG_TYPE_I64], 0, 0xffff);
    } else {
        tcg_regset_set32(tcg_target_available_regs[TCG_TYPE_I32], 0, 0xff);
    }

    tcg_regset_clear(tcg_target_call_clobber_regs);
    tcg_regset_set_reg(tcg_target_call_clobber_regs, TCG_REG_EAX);
    tcg_regset_set_reg(tcg_target_call_clobber_regs, TCG_REG_EDX);
    tcg_regset_set_reg(tcg_target_call_clobber_regs, TCG_REG_ECX);
    if (TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS == 64) {
#if !defined(_WIN64)
        tcg_regset_set_reg(tcg_target_call_clobber_regs, TCG_REG_RDI);
        tcg_regset_set_reg(tcg_target_call_clobber_regs, TCG_REG_RSI);
#endif
        tcg_regset_set_reg(tcg_target_call_clobber_regs, TCG_REG_R8);
        tcg_regset_set_reg(tcg_target_call_clobber_regs, TCG_REG_R9);
        tcg_regset_set_reg(tcg_target_call_clobber_regs, TCG_REG_R10);
        tcg_regset_set_reg(tcg_target_call_clobber_regs, TCG_REG_R11);
    }

    tcg_regset_clear(s->reserved_regs);
    tcg_regset_set_reg(s->reserved_regs, TCG_REG_CALL_STACK);

    tcg_add_target_add_op_defs(x86_op_defs);
}

typedef struct {
    uint32_t len __attribute__((aligned((sizeof(void *)))));
    uint32_t id;
    uint8_t version;
    char augmentation[1];
    uint8_t code_align;
    uint8_t data_align;
    uint8_t return_column;
} DebugFrameCIE;

typedef struct {
    uint32_t len __attribute__((aligned((sizeof(void *)))));
    uint32_t cie_offset;
    tcg_target_long func_start __attribute__((packed));
    tcg_target_long func_len __attribute__((packed));
    uint8_t def_cfa[4];
    uint8_t reg_ofs[14];
} DebugFrameFDE;

typedef struct {
    DebugFrameCIE cie;
    DebugFrameFDE fde;
} DebugFrame;

#if !defined(__ELF__)
    /* Host machine without ELF. */
#elif TCG_TARGET_REG_BITS == 64
#define ELF_HOST_MACHINE EM_X86_64
static DebugFrame debug_frame = {
    .cie.len = sizeof(DebugFrameCIE)-4, /* length after .len member */
    .cie.id = -1,
    .cie.version = 1,
    .cie.code_align = 1,
    .cie.data_align = 0x78,             /* sleb128 -8 */
    .cie.return_column = 16,

    .fde.len = sizeof(DebugFrameFDE)-4, /* length after .len member */
    .fde.def_cfa = {
        12, 7,                          /* DW_CFA_def_cfa %rsp, ... */
        (FRAME_SIZE & 0x7f) | 0x80,     /* ... uleb128 FRAME_SIZE */
        (FRAME_SIZE >> 7)
    },
    .fde.reg_ofs = {
        0x90, 1,                        /* DW_CFA_offset, %rip, -8 */
        /* The following ordering must match tcg_target_callee_save_regs.  */
        0x86, 2,                        /* DW_CFA_offset, %rbp, -16 */
        0x83, 3,                        /* DW_CFA_offset, %rbx, -24 */
        0x8c, 4,                        /* DW_CFA_offset, %r12, -32 */
        0x8d, 5,                        /* DW_CFA_offset, %r13, -40 */
        0x8e, 6,                        /* DW_CFA_offset, %r14, -48 */
        0x8f, 7,                        /* DW_CFA_offset, %r15, -56 */
    }
};
#else
#define ELF_HOST_MACHINE EM_386
static DebugFrame debug_frame = {
    .cie.len = sizeof(DebugFrameCIE)-4, /* length after .len member */
    .cie.id = -1,
    .cie.version = 1,
    .cie.code_align = 1,
    .cie.data_align = 0x7c,             /* sleb128 -4 */
    .cie.return_column = 8,

    .fde.len = sizeof(DebugFrameFDE)-4, /* length after .len member */
    .fde.def_cfa = {
        12, 4,                          /* DW_CFA_def_cfa %esp, ... */
        (FRAME_SIZE & 0x7f) | 0x80,     /* ... uleb128 FRAME_SIZE */
        (FRAME_SIZE >> 7)
    },
    .fde.reg_ofs = {
        0x88, 1,                        /* DW_CFA_offset, %eip, -4 */
        /* The following ordering must match tcg_target_callee_save_regs.  */
        0x85, 2,                        /* DW_CFA_offset, %ebp, -8 */
        0x83, 3,                        /* DW_CFA_offset, %ebx, -12 */
        0x86, 4,                        /* DW_CFA_offset, %esi, -16 */
        0x87, 5,                        /* DW_CFA_offset, %edi, -20 */
    }
};
#endif

#if defined(ELF_HOST_MACHINE)
void tcg_register_jit(void *buf, size_t buf_size)
{
    /* We're expecting a 2 byte uleb128 encoded value.  */
    assert(FRAME_SIZE >> 14 == 0);

    debug_frame.fde.func_start = (tcg_target_long) buf;
    debug_frame.fde.func_len = buf_size;

    tcg_register_jit_int(buf, buf_size, &debug_frame, sizeof(debug_frame));
}
#endif