1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
|
/*
* QEMU Thread Local Storage for coroutines
*
* Copyright Red Hat
*
* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later
*
* This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU LGPL, version 2.1 or later.
* See the COPYING.LIB file in the top-level directory.
*
* It is forbidden to access Thread Local Storage in coroutines because
* compiler optimizations may cause values to be cached across coroutine
* re-entry. Coroutines can run in more than one thread through the course of
* their life, leading bugs when stale TLS values from the wrong thread are
* used as a result of compiler optimization.
*
* An example is:
*
* ..code-block:: c
* :caption: A coroutine that may see the wrong TLS value
*
* static __thread AioContext *current_aio_context;
* ...
* static void coroutine_fn foo(void)
* {
* aio_notify(current_aio_context);
* qemu_coroutine_yield();
* aio_notify(current_aio_context); // <-- may be stale after yielding!
* }
*
* This header provides macros for safely defining variables in Thread Local
* Storage:
*
* ..code-block:: c
* :caption: A coroutine that safely uses TLS
*
* QEMU_DEFINE_STATIC_CO_TLS(AioContext *, current_aio_context)
* ...
* static void coroutine_fn foo(void)
* {
* aio_notify(get_current_aio_context());
* qemu_coroutine_yield();
* aio_notify(get_current_aio_context()); // <-- safe
* }
*/
#ifndef QEMU_COROUTINE_TLS_H
#define QEMU_COROUTINE_TLS_H
/*
* To stop the compiler from caching TLS values we define accessor functions
* with __attribute__((noinline)) plus asm volatile("") to prevent
* optimizations that override noinline.
*
* The compiler can still analyze noinline code and make optimizations based on
* that knowledge, so an inline asm output operand is used to prevent
* optimizations that make assumptions about the address of the TLS variable.
*
* This is fragile and ultimately needs to be solved by a mechanism that is
* guaranteed to work by the compiler (e.g. stackless coroutines), but for now
* we use this approach to prevent issues.
*/
/**
* QEMU_DECLARE_CO_TLS:
* @type: the variable's C type
* @var: the variable name
*
* Declare an extern variable in Thread Local Storage from a header file:
*
* .. code-block:: c
* :caption: Declaring an extern variable in Thread Local Storage
*
* QEMU_DECLARE_CO_TLS(int, my_count)
* ...
* int c = get_my_count();
* set_my_count(c + 1);
* *get_ptr_my_count() = 0;
*
* This is a coroutine-safe replacement for the __thread keyword and is
* equivalent to the following code:
*
* .. code-block:: c
* :caption: Declaring a TLS variable using __thread
*
* extern __thread int my_count;
* ...
* int c = my_count;
* my_count = c + 1;
* *(&my_count) = 0;
*/
#define QEMU_DECLARE_CO_TLS(type, var) \
__attribute__((noinline)) type get_##var(void); \
__attribute__((noinline)) void set_##var(type v); \
__attribute__((noinline)) type *get_ptr_##var(void);
/**
* QEMU_DEFINE_CO_TLS:
* @type: the variable's C type
* @var: the variable name
*
* Define a variable in Thread Local Storage that was previously declared from
* a header file with QEMU_DECLARE_CO_TLS():
*
* .. code-block:: c
* :caption: Defining a variable in Thread Local Storage
*
* QEMU_DEFINE_CO_TLS(int, my_count)
*
* This is a coroutine-safe replacement for the __thread keyword and is
* equivalent to the following code:
*
* .. code-block:: c
* :caption: Defining a TLS variable using __thread
*
* __thread int my_count;
*/
#define QEMU_DEFINE_CO_TLS(type, var) \
static __thread type co_tls_##var; \
type get_##var(void) { asm volatile(""); return co_tls_##var; } \
void set_##var(type v) { asm volatile(""); co_tls_##var = v; } \
type *get_ptr_##var(void) \
{ type *ptr = &co_tls_##var; asm volatile("" : "+rm" (ptr)); return ptr; }
/**
* QEMU_DEFINE_STATIC_CO_TLS:
* @type: the variable's C type
* @var: the variable name
*
* Define a static variable in Thread Local Storage:
*
* .. code-block:: c
* :caption: Defining a static variable in Thread Local Storage
*
* QEMU_DEFINE_STATIC_CO_TLS(int, my_count)
* ...
* int c = get_my_count();
* set_my_count(c + 1);
* *get_ptr_my_count() = 0;
*
* This is a coroutine-safe replacement for the __thread keyword and is
* equivalent to the following code:
*
* .. code-block:: c
* :caption: Defining a static TLS variable using __thread
*
* static __thread int my_count;
* ...
* int c = my_count;
* my_count = c + 1;
* *(&my_count) = 0;
*/
#define QEMU_DEFINE_STATIC_CO_TLS(type, var) \
static __thread type co_tls_##var; \
static __attribute__((noinline, unused)) \
type get_##var(void) \
{ asm volatile(""); return co_tls_##var; } \
static __attribute__((noinline, unused)) \
void set_##var(type v) \
{ asm volatile(""); co_tls_##var = v; } \
static __attribute__((noinline, unused)) \
type *get_ptr_##var(void) \
{ type *ptr = &co_tls_##var; asm volatile("" : "+rm" (ptr)); return ptr; }
#endif /* QEMU_COROUTINE_TLS_H */
|
