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2021-02-01memory: add readonly support to memory_region_init_ram_from_file()Stefan Hajnoczi
There is currently no way to open(O_RDONLY) and mmap(PROT_READ) when creating a memory region from a file. This functionality is needed since the underlying host file may not allow writing. Add a bool readonly argument to memory_region_init_ram_from_file() and the APIs it calls. Extend memory_region_init_ram_from_file() rather than introducing a memory_region_init_rom_from_file() API so that callers can easily make a choice between read/write and read-only at runtime without calling different APIs. No new RAMBlock flag is introduced for read-only because it's unclear whether RAMBlocks need to know that they are read-only. Pass a bool readonly argument instead. Both of these design decisions can be changed in the future. It just seemed like the simplest approach to me. Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Liam Merwick <liam.merwick@oracle.com> Acked-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com> Message-Id: <20210104171320.575838-2-stefanha@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Eduardo Habkost <ehabkost@redhat.com>
2021-01-26coroutine-sigaltstack: Add SIGUSR2 mutexMax Reitz
Disposition (action) for any given signal is global for the process. When two threads run coroutine-sigaltstack's qemu_coroutine_new() concurrently, they may interfere with each other: One of them may revert the SIGUSR2 handler to SIG_DFL, between the other thread (a) setting up coroutine_trampoline() as the handler and (b) raising SIGUSR2. That SIGUSR2 will then terminate the QEMU process abnormally. We have to ensure that only one thread at a time can modify the process-global SIGUSR2 handler. To do so, wrap the whole section where that is done in a mutex. Alternatively, we could for example have the SIGUSR2 handler always be coroutine_trampoline(), so there would be no need to invoke sigaction() in qemu_coroutine_new(). Laszlo has posted a patch to do so here: https://lists.nongnu.org/archive/html/qemu-devel/2021-01/msg05962.html However, given that coroutine-sigaltstack is more of a fallback implementation for platforms that do not support ucontext, that change may be a bit too invasive to be comfortable with it. The mutex proposed here may negatively impact performance, but the change is much simpler. Signed-off-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com> Message-Id: <20210125120305.19520-1-mreitz@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Vladimir Sementsov-Ogievskiy <vsementsov@virtuozzo.com>
2021-01-25Merge remote-tracking branch 'remotes/philmd-gitlab/tags/sdmmc-20210124' ↵Peter Maydell
into staging SD/MMC patches - Various improvements for SD cards in SPI mode (Bin Meng) # gpg: Signature made Sun 24 Jan 2021 19:16:55 GMT # gpg: using RSA key FAABE75E12917221DCFD6BB2E3E32C2CDEADC0DE # gpg: Good signature from "Philippe Mathieu-Daudé (F4BUG) <f4bug@amsat.org>" [full] # Primary key fingerprint: FAAB E75E 1291 7221 DCFD 6BB2 E3E3 2C2C DEAD C0DE * remotes/philmd-gitlab/tags/sdmmc-20210124: hw/sd: sd.h: Cosmetic change of using spaces hw/sd: ssi-sd: Use macros for the dummy value and tokens in the transfer hw/sd: ssi-sd: Fix the wrong command index for STOP_TRANSMISSION hw/sd: ssi-sd: Add a state representing Nac hw/sd: ssi-sd: Suffix a data block with CRC16 util: Add CRC16 (CCITT) calculation routines hw/sd: sd: Drop sd_crc16() hw/sd: sd: Support CMD59 for SPI mode hw/sd: ssi-sd: Fix incorrect card response sequence Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
2021-01-24util: Add CRC16 (CCITT) calculation routinesBin Meng
Import CRC16 calculation routines from Linux kernel v5.10: include/linux/crc-ccitt.h lib/crc-ccitt.c to QEMU: include/qemu/crc-ccitt.h util/crc-ccitt.c Signed-off-by: Bin Meng <bin.meng@windriver.com> Acked-by: Alistair Francis <alistair.francis@wdc.com> Message-Id: <20210123104016.17485-7-bmeng.cn@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <f4bug@amsat.org> [PMD: Restrict compilation to system emulation] Signed-off-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <f4bug@amsat.org>
2021-01-23qemu-option: warn for short-form boolean optionsPaolo Bonzini
Options such as "server" or "nowait", that are commonly found in -chardev, are sugar for "server=on" and "wait=off". This is quite surprising and also does not have any notion of typing attached. It is even possible to do "-device e1000,noid" and get a device with "id=off". Deprecate it and print a warning when it is encountered. In general, this short form for boolean options only seems to be in wide use for -chardev and -spice. Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2021-01-23qemu-option: move help handling to get_opt_name_valuePaolo Bonzini
Right now, help options are parsed normally and then checked specially in opt_validate, but only if coming from qemu_opts_parse_noisily. has_help_option does the check on its own. opt_validate() has two callers: qemu_opt_set(), which passes null and is therefore unaffected, and opts_do_parse(), which is affected. opts_do_parse() is called by qemu_opts_do_parse(), which passes null and is therefore unaffected, and opts_parse(). opts_parse() is called by qemu_opts_parse() and qemu_opts_set_defaults(), which pass null and are therefore unaffected, and qemu_opts_parse_noisily(). Move the check from opt_validate to the parsing workhorse of QemuOpts, get_opt_name_value. This will come in handy in the next patch, which will raise a warning for "-object memory-backend-ram,share" ("flag" option with no =on/=off part) but not for "-object memory-backend-ram,help". As a result: - opts_parse and opts_do_parse do not return an error anymore when help is requested; qemu_opts_parse_noisily does not have to work around that anymore. - various crazy ways to request help are not recognized anymore: - "help=..." - "nohelp" (sugar for "help=off") - "?=..." - "no?" (sugar for "?=off") - "help" would be recognized as help request even if there is a (foolishly named) parameter "help". No such parameters exist, though. Reviewed-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2021-01-23qemu-option: clean up id vs. list->merge_listsPaolo Bonzini
Looking at all merge-lists QemuOptsList, here is how they access their QemuOpts: reopen_opts in qemu-io-cmds.c ("qemu-img reopen -o") qemu_opts_find(&reopen_opts, NULL) empty_opts in qemu-io.c ("qemu-io open -o") qemu_opts_find(&empty_opts, NULL) qemu_rtc_opts ("-rtc") qemu_find_opts_singleton("rtc") qemu_machine_opts ("-M") qemu_find_opts_singleton("machine") qemu_action_opts ("-name") qemu_opts_foreach->process_runstate_actions qemu_boot_opts ("-boot") in hw/nvram/fw_cfg.c and hw/s390x/ipl.c: QTAILQ_FIRST(&qemu_find_opts("bootopts")->head) in softmmu/vl.c: qemu_opts_find(qemu_find_opts("boot-opts"), NULL) qemu_name_opts ("-name") qemu_opts_foreach->parse_name parse_name does not use id qemu_mem_opts ("-m") qemu_find_opts_singleton("memory") qemu_icount_opts ("-icount") qemu_opts_foreach->do_configure_icount do_configure_icount->icount_configure icount_configure does not use id qemu_smp_opts ("-smp") qemu_opts_find(qemu_find_opts("smp-opts"), NULL) qemu_spice_opts ("-spice") QTAILQ_FIRST(&qemu_spice_opts.head) i.e. they don't need an id. Sometimes its presence is ignored (e.g. when using qemu_opts_foreach), sometimes all the options with the id are skipped, sometimes only the first option on the command line is considered. -boot does two different things depending on who's looking at the options. With this patch we just forbid id on merge-lists QemuOptsLists; if the command line still works, it has the same semantics as before. qemu_opts_create's fail_if_exists parameter is now unnecessary: - it is unused if id is NULL - opts_parse only passes false if reached from qemu_opts_set_defaults, in which case this patch enforces that id must be NULL - other callers that can pass a non-NULL id always set it to true Assert that it is true in the only case where "fail_if_exists" matters, i.e. "id && !lists->merge_lists". This means that if an id is present, duplicates are always forbidden, which was already the status quo. Discounting the case that aborts as it's not user-controlled (it's "just" a matter of inspecting qemu_opts_create callers), the paths through qemu_opts_create can be summarized as: - merge_lists = true: singleton opts with NULL id; non-NULL id fails - merge_lists = false: always return new opts; non-NULL id fails if dup Reviewed-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2021-01-21util/cacheflush: Fix error generated by clangGan Qixin
When compiling qemu-fuzz-i386 on aarch64 host, clang reported the following error: ../util/cacheflush.c:38:44: error: value size does not match register size specified by the constraint and modifier [-Werror,-Wasm-operand-widths] asm volatile("mrs\t%0, ctr_el0" : "=r"(save_ctr_el0)); ^ ../util/cacheflush.c:38:24: note: use constraint modifier "w" asm volatile("mrs\t%0, ctr_el0" : "=r"(save_ctr_el0)); ^~ %w0 Modify the type of save_ctr_el0 to uint64_t to fix it. Reported-by: Euler Robot <euler.robot@huawei.com> Signed-off-by: Gan Qixin <ganqixin@huawei.com> Message-Id: <20210115075656.717957-1-ganqixin@huawei.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
2021-01-18semihosting: Implement SYS_ELAPSED and SYS_TICKFREQKeith Packard
These are part of Semihosting for AArch32 and AArch64 Release 2.0 Signed-off-by: Keith Packard <keithp@keithp.com> Signed-off-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org> Message-Id: <20210107170717.2098982-8-keithp@keithp.com> Message-Id: <20210108224256.2321-19-alex.bennee@linaro.org>
2021-01-13Introduce yank featureLukas Straub
The yank feature allows to recover from hanging qemu by "yanking" at various parts. Other qemu systems can register themselves and multiple yank functions. Then all yank functions for selected instances can be called by the 'yank' out-of-band qmp command. Available instances can be queried by a 'query-yank' oob command. Signed-off-by: Lukas Straub <lukasstraub2@web.de> Acked-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Message-Id: <69934ceacfd33a7dfe53db145ecc630ad39ee47c.1609167865.git.lukasstraub2@web.de> Acked-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
2021-01-11util/oslib-win32: Fix _aligned_malloc() arguments orderPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé
Commit dfbd0b873a8 inadvertently swapped the arguments of _aligned_malloc(), correct it to fix [*]: G_TEST_SRCDIR=C:/Users/ContainerAdministrator/AppData/Local/Temp/cirrus-ci-build/tests G_TEST_BUILDDIR=C:/Users/ContainerAdministrator/AppData/Local/Temp/cirrus-ci-build/build/tests tests/test-qht.exe --tap -k ERROR test-qht - too few tests run (expected 2, got 0) make: *** [Makefile.mtest:256: run-test-30] Error 1 [*] https://cirrus-ci.com/task/6055645751279616?command=test#L593 Fixes: dfbd0b873a8 ("util/oslib-win32: Use _aligned_malloc for qemu_try_memalign") Reported-by: Yonggang Luo <luoyonggang@gmail.com> Reported-by: Volker Rümelin <vr_qemu@t-online.de> Suggested-by: Volker Rümelin <vr_qemu@t-online.de> Signed-off-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <f4bug@amsat.org> Reviewed-by: Yonggang Luo <luoyonggang@gmail.com> Message-Id: <20210111001606.1122983-1-f4bug@amsat.org> Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
2021-01-08Remove superfluous timer_del() callsPeter Maydell
This commit is the result of running the timer-del-timer-free.cocci script on the whole source tree. Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org> Acked-by: Corey Minyard <cminyard@mvista.com> Acked-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org> Message-id: 20201215154107.3255-4-peter.maydell@linaro.org
2021-01-07util: Specialize flush_idcache_range for aarch64Richard Henderson
For darwin, the CTR_EL0 register is not accessible, but there are system routines that we can use. For other hosts, copy the single pointer implementation from libgcc and modify it to support the double pointer interface we require. This halves the number of cache operations required when split-rwx is enabled. Reviewed-by: Joelle van Dyne <j@getutm.app> Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
2021-01-07util: Enhance flush_icache_range with separate data pointerRichard Henderson
We are shortly going to have a split rw/rx jit buffer. Depending on the host, we need to flush the dcache at the rw data pointer and flush the icache at the rx code pointer. For now, the two passed pointers are identical, so there is no effective change in behaviour. Reviewed-by: Joelle van Dyne <j@getutm.app> Reviewed-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
2021-01-07util/oslib: Assert qemu_try_memalign() alignment is a power of 2Philippe Mathieu-Daudé
qemu_try_memalign() expects a power of 2 alignment: - posix_memalign(3): The address of the allocated memory will be a multiple of alignment, which must be a power of two and a multiple of sizeof(void *). - _aligned_malloc() The alignment value, which must be an integer power of 2. Signed-off-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com> Message-Id: <20201021173803.2619054-3-philmd@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
2021-01-07util/oslib-win32: Use _aligned_malloc for qemu_try_memalignRichard Henderson
We do not need or want to be allocating page sized quanta. Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <f4bug@amsat.org> Reviewed-by: Stefan Weil <sw@weilnetz.de> Message-Id: <20201018164836.1149452-1-richard.henderson@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
2021-01-06Merge remote-tracking branch 'remotes/bonzini-gitlab/tags/for-upstream' into ↵Peter Maydell
staging From Alex's pull request: * improve cross-build KVM coverage * new --without-default-features configure flag * add __repr__ for ConsoleSocket for debugging * build tcg tests with -Werror * test 32 bit builds with fedora * remove last traces of debian9 * hotfix for centos8 powertools repo * Move lots of feature detection code to meson (Alex, myself) * CFI and LTO support (Daniele) * test-char dangling pointer (Eduardo) * Build system and win32 fixes (Marc-André) * Initialization fixes (myself) * TCG include cleanup (Richard, myself) * x86 'int N' fix (Peter) # gpg: Signature made Wed 06 Jan 2021 09:21:25 GMT # gpg: using RSA key F13338574B662389866C7682BFFBD25F78C7AE83 # gpg: issuer "pbonzini@redhat.com" # gpg: Good signature from "Paolo Bonzini <bonzini@gnu.org>" [full] # gpg: aka "Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>" [full] # Primary key fingerprint: 46F5 9FBD 57D6 12E7 BFD4 E2F7 7E15 100C CD36 69B1 # Subkey fingerprint: F133 3857 4B66 2389 866C 7682 BFFB D25F 78C7 AE83 * remotes/bonzini-gitlab/tags/for-upstream: (52 commits) win32: drop fd registration to the main-loop on setting non-block configure: move tests/qemu-iotests/common.env generation to meson meson.build: convert --with-default-devices to meson libattr: convert to meson cap_ng: convert to meson virtfs: convert to meson seccomp: convert to meson zstd: convert to meson lzfse: convert to meson snappy: convert to meson lzo: convert to meson rbd: convert to meson libnfs: convert to meson libiscsi: convert to meson bzip2: convert to meson glusterfs: convert to meson curl: convert to meson curl: remove compatibility code, require 7.29.0 brlapi: convert to meson configure: remove CONFIG_FILEVERSION and CONFIG_PRODUCTVERSION ... Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org> # Conflicts: # trace/meson.build
2021-01-06win32: drop fd registration to the main-loop on setting non-blockMarc-André Lureau
Low-level fd users from QEMU use aio_set_fd_handler(), which handles event registration with the main loop; qemu_fd_register() is only needed together with the main loop's poll notifiers, of which SLIRP is the only user. This removes a dependency from oslib-win32.c to main-loop.c. Suggested-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com> Message-Id: <20201218135712.674094-1-marcandre.lureau@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2021-01-04readline: Fix possible array index out of bounds in readline_hist_add()Alex Chen
When the 'cmdline' is the last entry in 'rs->history' array, there is no need to put this entry to the end of the array, partly because it is the last entry, and partly because the next operition will lead to array index out of bounds. Reported-by: Euler Robot <euler.robot@huawei.com> Signed-off-by: Alex Chen <alex.chen@huawei.com> Message-id: 20201203135043.117072-1-alex.chen@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
2021-01-02util: Extract flush_icache_range to cacheflush.cRichard Henderson
This has been a tcg-specific function, but is also in use by hardware accelerators via physmem.c. This can cause link errors when tcg is disabled. Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org> Reviewed-by: Joelle van Dyne <j@getutm.app> Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <f4bug@amsat.org> Message-Id: <20201214140314.18544-3-richard.henderson@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2021-01-02cfi: Initial support for cfi-icall in QEMUDaniele Buono
LLVM/Clang, supports runtime checks for forward-edge Control-Flow Integrity (CFI). CFI on indirect function calls (cfi-icall) ensures that, in indirect function calls, the function called is of the right signature for the pointer type defined at compile time. For this check to work, the code must always respect the function signature when using function pointer, the function must be defined at compile time, and be compiled with link-time optimization. This rules out, for example, shared libraries that are dynamically loaded (given that functions are not known at compile time), and code that is dynamically generated at run-time. This patch: 1) Introduces the CONFIG_CFI flag to support cfi in QEMU 2) Introduces a decorator to allow the definition of "sensitive" functions, where a non-instrumented function may be called at runtime through a pointer. The decorator will take care of disabling cfi-icall checks on such functions, when cfi is enabled. 3) Marks functions currently in QEMU that exhibit such behavior, in particular: - The function in TCG that calls pre-compiled TBs - The function in TCI that interprets instructions - Functions in the plugin infrastructures that jump to callbacks - Functions in util that directly call a signal handler Signed-off-by: Daniele Buono <dbuono@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Acked-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org Message-Id: <20201204230615.2392-3-dbuono@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2020-12-19keyval: Use GString to accumulate value stringsMarkus Armbruster
QString supports modifying its string, but it's quite limited: you can only append. The remaining callers use it for building an initial string, never for modifying it later. Change keyval_parse_one() to do build the initial string with GString. This is another step towards making QString immutable. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Message-Id: <20201211171152.146877-19-armbru@redhat.com>
2020-12-19qapi: Use QAPI_LIST_PREPEND() where possibleEric Blake
Anywhere we create a list of just one item or by prepending items (typically because order doesn't matter), we can use QAPI_LIST_PREPEND(). But places where we must keep the list in order by appending remain open-coded until later patches. Note that as a side effect, this also performs a cleanup of two minor issues in qga/commands-posix.c: the old code was performing new = g_malloc0(sizeof(*ret)); which 1) is confusing because you have to verify whether 'new' and 'ret' are variables with the same type, and 2) would conflict with C++ compilation (not an actual problem for this file, but makes copy-and-paste harder). Signed-off-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> Message-Id: <20201113011340.463563-5-eblake@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Acked-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com> [Straightforward conflicts due to commit a8aa94b5f8 "qga: update schema for guest-get-disks 'dependents' field" and commit a10b453a52 "target/mips: Move mips_cpu_add_definition() from helper.c to cpu.c" resolved. Commit message tweaked.] Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
2020-12-15qemu-option: pass QemuOptsList to opts_accepts_anyPaolo Bonzini
A QemuOptsList can be of one of two kinds: either it is pre-validated, or it accepts any key and validation happens somewhere else (typically in a Visitor or against a list of QOM properties). opts_accepts_any returns true if a QemuOpts instance was created from a QemuOptsList of the latter kind, but there is no function to do the check on a QemuOptsList. Since this property comes from the QemuOptsList and almost all callers of opts_accepts_any use opts->list anyway, modify the function to accept QemuOptsList. Reviewed-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2020-12-15qemu-option: simplify search for end of keyPaolo Bonzini
Use strcspn to find an equal or comma value, and pass the result directly to get_opt_name to avoid another strchr. Reviewed-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2020-12-11Merge remote-tracking branch 'remotes/bonzini-gitlab/tags/for-upstream' into ↵Peter Maydell
staging * Fix for NULL segments (Bin Meng) * Support for 32768 CPUs on x86 without IOMMU (David) * PDEP/PEXT fix and testcase (myself) * Remove bios_name and ram_size globals (myself) * qemu_init rationalization (myself) * Update kernel-doc (myself + upstream patches) * Propagate MemTxResult across DMA and PCI functions (Philippe) * Remove master/slave when applicable (Philippe) * WHPX support for in-kernel irqchip (Sunil) # gpg: Signature made Thu 10 Dec 2020 17:21:50 GMT # gpg: using RSA key F13338574B662389866C7682BFFBD25F78C7AE83 # gpg: issuer "pbonzini@redhat.com" # gpg: Good signature from "Paolo Bonzini <bonzini@gnu.org>" [full] # gpg: aka "Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>" [full] # Primary key fingerprint: 46F5 9FBD 57D6 12E7 BFD4 E2F7 7E15 100C CD36 69B1 # Subkey fingerprint: F133 3857 4B66 2389 866C 7682 BFFB D25F 78C7 AE83 * remotes/bonzini-gitlab/tags/for-upstream: (113 commits) scripts: kernel-doc: remove unnecessary change wrt Linux Revert "docs: temporarily disable the kernel-doc extension" scripts: kernel-doc: use :c:union when needed scripts: kernel-doc: split typedef complex regex scripts: kernel-doc: fix typedef parsing Revert "kernel-doc: Handle function typedefs that return pointers" Revert "kernel-doc: Handle function typedefs without asterisks" scripts: kernel-doc: try to use c:function if possible scripts: kernel-doc: fix line number handling scripts: kernel-doc: allow passing desired Sphinx C domain dialect scripts: kernel-doc: don't mangle with parameter list scripts: kernel-doc: fix typedef identification scripts: kernel-doc: reimplement -nofunction argument scripts: kernel-doc: fix troubles with line counts scripts: kernel-doc: use a less pedantic markup for funcs on Sphinx 3.x scripts: kernel-doc: make it more compatible with Sphinx 3.x Revert "kernel-doc: Use c:struct for Sphinx 3.0 and later" Revert "scripts/kerneldoc: For Sphinx 3 use c:macro for macros with arguments" scripts: kernel-doc: add support for typedef enum kernel-doc: add support for ____cacheline_aligned attribute ... Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
2020-12-10config-file: move -set implementation to vl.cPaolo Bonzini
We want to make it independent of QemuOpts. Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2020-12-10qemu-option: restrict qemu_opts_set to merge-lists QemuOptsPaolo Bonzini
qemu_opts_set is used to create default network backends and to parse sugar options -kernel, -initrd, -append, -bios and -dtb. These are very different uses: I would *expect* a function named qemu_opts_set to set an option in a merge-lists QemuOptsList, such as -kernel, and possibly to set an option in a non-merge-lists QemuOptsList with non-NULL id, similar to -set. However, it wouldn't *work* to use qemu_opts_set for the latter because qemu_opts_set uses fail_if_exists==1. So, for non-merge-lists QemuOptsList and non-NULL id, the semantics of qemu_opts_set (fail if the (QemuOptsList, id) pair already exists) are debatable. On the other hand, I would not expect qemu_opts_set to create a non-merge-lists QemuOpts with a single option; which it does, though. For this case of non-merge-lists QemuOptsList and NULL id, qemu_opts_set hardly adds value over qemu_opts_parse. It does skip some parsing and unescaping, but that's not needed when creating default network backends. So qemu_opts_set has warty behavior for non-merge-lists QemuOptsList if id is non-NULL, and it's mostly pointless if id is NULL. My solution to keeping the API as simple as possible is to limit qemu_opts_set to merge-lists QemuOptsList. For them, it's useful (we don't want comma-unescaping for -kernel) *and* has sane semantics. Network backend creation is switched to qemu_opts_parse. qemu_opts_set is now only used on merge-lists QemuOptsList... except in the testcase, which is changed to use a merge-list QemuOptsList. With this change we can also remove the id parameter. With the parameter always NULL, we know that qemu_opts_create cannot fail and can pass &error_abort to it. Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2020-12-10Clean up includesMarkus Armbruster
Clean up includes so that osdep.h is included first and headers which it implies are not included manually. This commit was created with scripts/clean-includes, with the changes to the following files manually reverted: contrib/libvhost-user/libvhost-user-glib.h contrib/libvhost-user/libvhost-user.c contrib/libvhost-user/libvhost-user.h contrib/plugins/hotblocks.c contrib/plugins/hotpages.c contrib/plugins/howvec.c contrib/plugins/lockstep.c linux-user/mips64/cpu_loop.c linux-user/mips64/signal.c linux-user/sparc64/cpu_loop.c linux-user/sparc64/signal.c linux-user/x86_64/cpu_loop.c linux-user/x86_64/signal.c target/s390x/gen-features.c tests/fp/platform.h tests/migration/s390x/a-b-bios.c tests/plugin/bb.c tests/plugin/empty.c tests/plugin/insn.c tests/plugin/mem.c tests/test-rcu-simpleq.c tests/test-rcu-slist.c tests/test-rcu-tailq.c tests/uefi-test-tools/UefiTestToolsPkg/BiosTablesTest/BiosTablesTest.c contrib/plugins/, tests/plugin/, and tests/test-rcu-slist.c appear not to include osdep.h intentionally. The remaining reverts are the same as in commit bbfff19688d. Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Message-Id: <20201113061216.2483385-1-armbru@redhat.com> Acked-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com> Acked-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com> Tested-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com> Acked-by: Cornelia Huck <cohuck@redhat.com> Acked-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com> Acked-by: Alexander Bulekov <alxndr@bu.edu>
2020-11-23Merge remote-tracking branch ↵Peter Maydell
'remotes/stefanha-gitlab/tags/block-pull-request' into staging Pull request for 5.2 NVMe fixes to solve IOMMU issues on non-x86 and error message/tracing improvements. Elena Afanasova's ioeventfd fixes are also included. Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com> # gpg: Signature made Wed 04 Nov 2020 15:18:16 GMT # gpg: using RSA key 8695A8BFD3F97CDAAC35775A9CA4ABB381AB73C8 # gpg: Good signature from "Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>" [full] # gpg: aka "Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@gmail.com>" [full] # Primary key fingerprint: 8695 A8BF D3F9 7CDA AC35 775A 9CA4 ABB3 81AB 73C8 * remotes/stefanha-gitlab/tags/block-pull-request: (33 commits) util/vfio-helpers: Assert offset is aligned to page size util/vfio-helpers: Convert vfio_dump_mapping to trace events util/vfio-helpers: Improve DMA trace events util/vfio-helpers: Trace where BARs are mapped util/vfio-helpers: Trace PCI BAR region info util/vfio-helpers: Trace PCI I/O config accesses util/vfio-helpers: Improve reporting unsupported IOMMU type block/nvme: Fix nvme_submit_command() on big-endian host block/nvme: Fix use of write-only doorbells page on Aarch64 arch block/nvme: Align iov's va and size on host page size block/nvme: Change size and alignment of prp_list_pages block/nvme: Change size and alignment of queue block/nvme: Change size and alignment of IDENTIFY response buffer block/nvme: Correct minimum device page size block/nvme: Set request_alignment at initialization block/nvme: Simplify nvme_cmd_sync() block/nvme: Simplify ADMIN queue access block/nvme: Correctly initialize Admin Queue Attributes block/nvme: Use definitions instead of magic values in add_io_queue() block/nvme: Introduce Completion Queue definitions ... Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
2020-11-17util/cutils: Fix Coverity array overrun in freq_to_str()Philippe Mathieu-Daudé
Fix Coverity CID 1435957: Memory - illegal accesses (OVERRUN): >>> Overrunning array "suffixes" of 7 8-byte elements at element index 7 (byte offset 63) using index "idx" (which evaluates to 7). Note, the biggest input value freq_to_str() can accept is UINT64_MAX, which is ~18.446 EHz, less than 1000 EHz. Reported-by: Eduardo Habkost <ehabkost@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <f4bug@amsat.org> Reviewed-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org> Reviewed-by: Eduardo Habkost <ehabkost@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Luc Michel <luc@lmichel.fr> Message-id: 20201101215755.2021421-1-f4bug@amsat.org Suggested-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <f4bug@amsat.org> Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
2020-11-16util/vfio-helpers.c: Use ram_block_discard_disable() in qemu_vfio_open_pci()David Hildenbrand
Currently, when using "nvme://" for a block device, like -drive file=nvme://0000:01:00.0/1,if=none,id=drive0 \ -device virtio-blk,drive=drive0 \ VFIO may pin all guest memory, and discarding of RAM no longer works as expected. I was able to reproduce this easily with my 01:00.0 Non-Volatile memory controller: Samsung Electronics Co Ltd NVMe SSD Controller SM981/PM981/PM983 Similar to common VFIO, we have to disable it, making sure that: a) virtio-balloon won't discard any memory ("silently disabled") b) virtio-mem and nvme:// run mutually exclusive Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com> Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com> Cc: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com> Cc: Wei Yang <richardw.yang@linux.intel.com> Cc: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com> Cc: Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com> Cc: Pankaj Gupta <pankaj.gupta.linux@gmail.com> Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> Message-Id: <20201116105947.9194-1-david@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2020-11-15nomaintainer: Fix Lesser GPL version numberChetan Pant
There is no "version 2" of the "Lesser" General Public License. It is either "GPL version 2.0" or "Lesser GPL version 2.1". This patch replaces all occurrences of "Lesser GPL version 2" with "Lesser GPL version 2.1" in comment section. This patch contains all the files, whose maintainer I could not get from ‘get_maintainer.pl’ script. Signed-off-by: Chetan Pant <chetan4windows@gmail.com> Message-Id: <20201023124424.20177-1-chetan4windows@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com> [thuth: Adapted exec.c and qdev-monitor.c to new location] Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
2020-11-15w32: Fix Lesser GPL version numberChetan Pant
There is no "version 2" of the "Lesser" General Public License. It is either "GPL version 2.0" or "Lesser GPL version 2.1". This patch replaces all occurrences of "Lesser GPL version 2" with "Lesser GPL version 2.1" in comment section. Signed-off-by: Chetan Pant <chetan4windows@gmail.com> Message-Id: <20201023123624.19891-1-chetan4windows@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Stefan Weil <sw@weilnetz.de> Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
2020-11-05Merge remote-tracking branch 'remotes/mst/tags/for_upstream' into stagingPeter Maydell
pc,pci,vhost,virtio: fixes Lots of fixes all over the place. virtio-mem and virtio-iommu patches are kind of fixes but it seems better to just make them behave sanely than try to educate users about the limitations ... Signed-off-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com> # gpg: Signature made Wed 04 Nov 2020 18:40:03 GMT # gpg: using RSA key 5D09FD0871C8F85B94CA8A0D281F0DB8D28D5469 # gpg: issuer "mst@redhat.com" # gpg: Good signature from "Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@kernel.org>" [full] # gpg: aka "Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>" [full] # Primary key fingerprint: 0270 606B 6F3C DF3D 0B17 0970 C350 3912 AFBE 8E67 # Subkey fingerprint: 5D09 FD08 71C8 F85B 94CA 8A0D 281F 0DB8 D28D 5469 * remotes/mst/tags/for_upstream: (31 commits) contrib/vhost-user-blk: fix get_config() information leak block/export: fix vhost-user-blk get_config() information leak block/export: make vhost-user-blk config space little-endian configure: introduce --enable-vhost-user-blk-server libvhost-user: follow QEMU comment style vhost-blk: set features before setting inflight feature Revert "vhost-blk: set features before setting inflight feature" net: Add vhost-vdpa in show_netdevs() vhost-vdpa: Add qemu_close in vhost_vdpa_cleanup vfio: Don't issue full 2^64 unmap virtio-iommu: Set supported page size mask vfio: Set IOMMU page size as per host supported page size memory: Add interface to set iommu page size mask virtio-iommu: Add notify_flag_changed() memory region callback virtio-iommu: Add replay() memory region callback virtio-iommu: Call memory notifiers in attach/detach virtio-iommu: Add memory notifiers for map/unmap virtio-iommu: Store memory region in endpoint struct virtio-iommu: Fix virtio_iommu_mr() hw/smbios: Fix leaked fd in save_opt_one() error path ... Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
2020-11-05Merge remote-tracking branch 'remotes/bonzini-gitlab/tags/for-upstream' into ↵Peter Maydell
staging Doc and bug fixes # gpg: Signature made Wed 04 Nov 2020 17:01:29 GMT # gpg: using RSA key F13338574B662389866C7682BFFBD25F78C7AE83 # gpg: issuer "pbonzini@redhat.com" # gpg: Good signature from "Paolo Bonzini <bonzini@gnu.org>" [full] # gpg: aka "Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>" [full] # Primary key fingerprint: 46F5 9FBD 57D6 12E7 BFD4 E2F7 7E15 100C CD36 69B1 # Subkey fingerprint: F133 3857 4B66 2389 866C 7682 BFFB D25F 78C7 AE83 * remotes/bonzini-gitlab/tags/for-upstream: qapi, qemu-options: make all parsing visitors parse boolean options the same qtest: escape device name in device-introspect-test ivshmem-test: do not use short-form boolean option semihosting: fix order of initialization functions fuzz: fuzz offsets within pio/mmio regions fuzz: check the MR in the DMA callback fuzz: fix writing DMA patterns tests/qtest: Fix potential NULL pointer dereference in qos_build_main_args() configure: fix gio_libs reference meson: fix warning for bad sphinx-build tests/qtest/libqos/ahci.c: Avoid NULL dereference in ahci_exec() tests/qtest/libqtest.c: Check for setsockopt() failure meson: vhost-user-gpu/virtiofsd: use absolute path meson: use b_staticpic=false for meson >=0.56.0 qtest: add a reproducer for LP#1878642 hw/isa/lpc_ich9: Ignore reserved/invalid SCI IRQ scripts/oss-fuzz: rename bin/qemu-fuzz-i386 exec: Remove dead code (CID 1432876) docs: expand sourceset documentation cutils: replace strdup with g_strdup Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
2020-11-04qapi, qemu-options: make all parsing visitors parse boolean options the samePaolo Bonzini
OptsVisitor, StringInputVisitor and the keyval visitor have three different ideas of how a human could write the value of a boolean option. Pay homage to the backwards-compatibility gods and make the new common helper accept all four sets (on/off, true/false, y/n and yes/no), but remove case-insensitivity. Since OptsVisitor is supposed to match qemu-options, adjust it as well. Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Message-Id: <20201103161339.447118-1-pbonzini@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2020-11-04coroutine: let CoQueue wake up outside a coroutineMarc-André Lureau
The assert() was added in commit b681a1c73e15 ("block: Repair the throttling code."), when the qemu_co_queue_do_restart() function required to be running in a coroutine. It was later made unnecessary in commit a9d9235567e7 ("coroutine-lock: reschedule coroutine on the AioContext it was running on"). Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@redhat.com> Message-id: 20201027133602.3038018-2-marcandre.lureau@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@redhat.com>
2020-11-03configure: introduce --enable-vhost-user-blk-serverStefan Hajnoczi
Make it possible to compile out the vhost-user-blk server. It is enabled by default on Linux. Note that vhost-user-server.c depends on libvhost-user, which requires CONFIG_LINUX. The CONFIG_VHOST_USER dependency was erroneous since that option controls vhost-user frontends (previously known as "master") and not device backends (previously known as "slave"). Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com> Message-Id: <20201027173528.213464-3-stefanha@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
2020-11-03util/vfio-helpers: Assert offset is aligned to page sizePhilippe Mathieu-Daudé
mmap(2) states: 'offset' must be a multiple of the page size as returned by sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE). Add an assertion to be sure we don't break this contract. Signed-off-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com> Message-id: 20201103020733.2303148-8-philmd@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com> Tested-by: Eric Auger <eric.auger@redhat.com>
2020-11-03util/vfio-helpers: Convert vfio_dump_mapping to trace eventsPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé
The QEMU_VFIO_DEBUG definition is only modifiable at build-time. Trace events can be enabled at run-time. As we prefer the latter, convert qemu_vfio_dump_mappings() to use trace events instead of fprintf(). Reviewed-by: Fam Zheng <fam@euphon.net> Reviewed-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com> Message-id: 20201103020733.2303148-7-philmd@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com> Tested-by: Eric Auger <eric.auger@redhat.com>
2020-11-03util/vfio-helpers: Improve DMA trace eventsPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé
For debugging purpose, trace where DMA regions are mapped. Reviewed-by: Fam Zheng <fam@euphon.net> Reviewed-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com> Message-id: 20201103020733.2303148-6-philmd@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com> Tested-by: Eric Auger <eric.auger@redhat.com>
2020-11-03util/vfio-helpers: Trace where BARs are mappedPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé
For debugging purpose, trace where a BAR is mapped. Reviewed-by: Fam Zheng <fam@euphon.net> Reviewed-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com> Message-id: 20201103020733.2303148-5-philmd@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com> Tested-by: Eric Auger <eric.auger@redhat.com>
2020-11-03util/vfio-helpers: Trace PCI BAR region infoPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé
For debug purpose, trace BAR regions info. Reviewed-by: Fam Zheng <fam@euphon.net> Reviewed-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com> Message-id: 20201103020733.2303148-4-philmd@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com> Tested-by: Eric Auger <eric.auger@redhat.com>
2020-11-03util/vfio-helpers: Trace PCI I/O config accessesPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé
We sometime get kernel panic with some devices on Aarch64 hosts. Alex Williamson suggests it might be broken PCIe root complex. Add trace event to record the latest I/O access before crashing. In case, assert our accesses are aligned. Reviewed-by: Fam Zheng <fam@euphon.net> Reviewed-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com> Message-id: 20201103020733.2303148-3-philmd@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com> Tested-by: Eric Auger <eric.auger@redhat.com>
2020-11-03util/vfio-helpers: Improve reporting unsupported IOMMU typePhilippe Mathieu-Daudé
Change the confuse "VFIO IOMMU check failed" error message by the explicit "VFIO IOMMU Type1 is not supported" once. Example on POWER: $ qemu-system-ppc64 -drive if=none,id=nvme0,file=nvme://0001:01:00.0/1,format=raw qemu-system-ppc64: -drive if=none,id=nvme0,file=nvme://0001:01:00.0/1,format=raw: VFIO IOMMU Type1 is not supported Suggested-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Fam Zheng <fam@euphon.net> Reviewed-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com> Message-id: 20201103020733.2303148-2-philmd@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com> Tested-by: Eric Auger <eric.auger@redhat.com>
2020-11-03Merge remote-tracking branch 'remotes/kevin/tags/for-upstream' into stagingPeter Maydell
Block layer patches: - iotests: Fix pylint/mypy warnings with Python 3.9 - qmp: fix aio_poll() assertion failure on Windows - Some minor fixes # gpg: Signature made Tue 03 Nov 2020 15:25:01 GMT # gpg: using RSA key DC3DEB159A9AF95D3D7456FE7F09B272C88F2FD6 # gpg: issuer "kwolf@redhat.com" # gpg: Good signature from "Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>" [full] # Primary key fingerprint: DC3D EB15 9A9A F95D 3D74 56FE 7F09 B272 C88F 2FD6 * remotes/kevin/tags/for-upstream: block/vvfat: Fix bad printf format specifiers iotests: Use Python 3 style super() iotests: Disable unsubscriptable-object in pylint iotests.py: Fix type check errors in wait_migration() qemu-img convert: Free @sn_opts in all error cases qmp: fix aio_poll() assertion failure on Windows Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
2020-11-03qmp: fix aio_poll() assertion failure on WindowsVolker Rümelin
Commit 9ce44e2ce2 "qmp: Move dispatcher to a coroutine" modified aio_poll() in util/aio-posix.c to avoid an assertion failure. This change is missing in util/aio-win32.c. Apply the changes to util/aio-posix.c to util/aio-win32.c too. This fixes an assertion failure on Windows whenever QEMU exits. $ ./qemu-system-x86_64.exe -machine pc,accel=tcg -display gtk ** ERROR:../qemu/util/aio-win32.c:337:aio_poll: assertion failed: (in_aio_context_home_thread(ctx)) Bail out! ERROR:../qemu/util/aio-win32.c:337:aio_poll: assertion failed: (in_aio_context_home_thread(ctx)) Fixes: 9ce44e2ce2 ("qmp: Move dispatcher to a coroutine") Signed-off-by: Volker Rümelin <vr_qemu@t-online.de> Message-Id: <20201021064033.8600-1-vr_qemu@t-online.de> Tested-by: Mark Cave-Ayland <mark.cave-ayland@ilande.co.uk> Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
2020-11-03cutils: replace strdup with g_strdupPaolo Bonzini
Memory returned by get_relocated_path must be freed with free or g_free depending on the path that the function took; Coverity takes exception to this practice. The fix lets caller use g_free as is standard in QEMU. While at it, mention the requirements on the caller in the doc comment. Suggested-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2020-11-03sockets: Make abstract UnixSocketAddress depend on CONFIG_LINUXMarkus Armbruster
The abstract socket namespace is a non-portable Linux extension. An attempt to use it elsewhere should fail with ENOENT (the abstract address looks like a "" pathname, which does not resolve). We report this failure like Failed to connect socket abc: No such file or directory Tolerable, although ENOTSUP would be better. However, introspection lies: it has @abstract regardless of host support. Easy enough to fix: since Linux provides them since 2.2, 'if': 'defined(CONFIG_LINUX)' should do. The above failure becomes Parameter 'backend.data.addr.data.abstract' is unexpected I consider this an improvement. Reviewed-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>