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Diffstat (limited to 'docs/qdev-device-use.txt')
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/qdev-device-use.txt | 180 |
1 files changed, 114 insertions, 66 deletions
diff --git a/docs/qdev-device-use.txt b/docs/qdev-device-use.txt index 4bb2be8850..057c322090 100644 --- a/docs/qdev-device-use.txt +++ b/docs/qdev-device-use.txt @@ -8,20 +8,23 @@ more buses for children. You can specify a device's parent bus with A device typically has a device address on its parent bus. For buses where this address can be configured, devices provide a bus-specific -property. These are - - bus property name value format - PCI addr %x.%x (dev.fn, .fn optional) - I2C address %u - SCSI scsi-id %u +property. Examples: + + bus property name value format + PCI addr %x.%x (dev.fn, .fn optional) + I2C address %u + SCSI scsi-id %u + IDE unit %u + HDA cad %u + virtio-serial-bus nr %u + ccid-bus slot %u + USB port %d(.%d)* (port.port...) Example: device i440FX-pcihost is on the root bus, and provides a PCI bus named pci.0. To put a FOO device into its slot 4, use -device FOO,bus=/i440FX-pcihost/pci.0,addr=4. The abbreviated form bus=pci.0 also works as long as the bus name is unique. -Note: the USB device address can't be controlled at this time. - === Block Devices === A QEMU block device (drive) has a host and a guest part. @@ -44,28 +47,43 @@ The new way keeps the parts separate: you create the host part with The various old ways to define drives all boil down to the common form - -drive if=TYPE,index=IDX,bus=BUS,unit=UNIT,HOST-OPTS... + -drive if=TYPE,bus=BUS,unit=UNIT,OPTS... TYPE, BUS and UNIT identify the controller device, which of its buses to use, and the drive's address on that bus. Details depend on TYPE. -IDX is an alternative way to specify BUS and UNIT. + +Instead of bus=BUS,unit=UNIT, you can also say index=IDX. In the new way, this becomes something like -drive if=none,id=DRIVE-ID,HOST-OPTS... -device DEVNAME,drive=DRIVE-ID,DEV-OPTS... -The -device argument differs in detail for each kind of drive: +The old OPTS get split into HOST-OPTS and DEV-OPTS as follows: -* if=ide +* file, format, snapshot, cache, aio, readonly, rerror, werror go into + HOST-OPTS. + +* cyls, head, secs and trans go into HOST-OPTS. Future work: they + should go into DEV-OPTS instead. + +* serial goes into DEV-OPTS, for devices supporting serial numbers. + For other devices, it goes nowhere. - -device ide-drive,drive=DRIVE-ID,bus=IDE-BUS,unit=UNIT +* media is special. In the old way, it selects disk vs. CD-ROM with + if=ide, if=scsi and if=xen. The new way uses DEVNAME for that. + Additionally, readonly=on goes into HOST-OPTS. - where IDE-BUS identifies an IDE bus, normally either ide.0 or ide.1, - and UNIT is either 0 or 1. +* addr is special, see if=virtio below. - Bug: new way does not work for ide.1 unit 0 (in old terms: index=2) - unless you disable the default CD-ROM with -nodefaults. +The -device argument differs in detail for each type of drive: + +* if=ide + + -device DEVNAME,drive=DRIVE-ID,bus=IDE-BUS,unit=UNIT + + where DEVNAME is either ide-hd or ide-cd, IDE-BUS identifies an IDE + bus, normally either ide.0 or ide.1, and UNIT is either 0 or 1. * if=scsi @@ -77,27 +95,25 @@ The -device argument differs in detail for each kind of drive: As for all PCI devices, you can add bus=PCI-BUS,addr=DEVFN to control the PCI device address. - This SCSI controller a single SCSI bus, named ID.0. Put a disk on - it: + This SCSI controller provides a single SCSI bus, named ID.0. Put a + disk on it: - -device scsi-disk,drive=DRIVE-ID,bus=ID.0,scsi-id=SCSI-ID,removable=RMB + -device DEVNAME,drive=DRIVE-ID,bus=ID.0,scsi-id=UNIT - The (optional) removable parameter lets you override the SCSI INQUIRY - removable (RMB) bit for non CD-ROM devices. It is ignored for CD-ROM devices - which are always removable. RMB is "on" or "off". + where DEVNAME is either scsi-hd, scsi-cd or scsi-generic. * if=floppy - -global isa-fdc,driveA=DRIVE-ID,driveB=DRIVE-ID + -global isa-fdc.driveA=DRIVE-ID + -global isa-fdc.driveB=DRIVE-ID This is -global instead of -device, because the floppy controller is created automatically, and we want to configure that one, not create a second one (which isn't possible anyway). - Omitting a drive parameter makes that drive empty. - - Bug: driveA works only if you disable the default floppy drive with - -nodefaults. + Without any -global isa-fdc,... you get an empty driveA and no + driveB. You can use -nodefaults to suppress the default driveA, see + "Default Devices". * if=virtio @@ -105,11 +121,12 @@ The -device argument differs in detail for each kind of drive: This lets you control PCI device class and MSI-X vectors. - IOEVENTFD controls whether or not ioeventfd is used for virtqueue notify. It - can be set to on (default) or off. + IOEVENTFD controls whether or not ioeventfd is used for virtqueue + notify. It can be set to on (default) or off. As for all PCI devices, you can add bus=PCI-BUS,addr=DEVFN to - control the PCI device address. + control the PCI device address. This replaces option addr available + with -drive if=virtio. * if=pflash, if=mtd, if=sd, if=xen are not yet available with -device @@ -117,15 +134,20 @@ For USB devices, the old way is actually different: -usbdevice disk:format=FMT:FILENAME -Provides much less control than -drive's HOST-OPTS... The new way -fixes that: +Provides much less control than -drive's OPTS... The new way fixes +that: -device usb-storage,drive=DRIVE-ID,removable=RMB -The removable parameter gives control over the SCSI INQUIRY removable (RMB) -bit. USB thumbdrives usually set removable=on, while USB hard disks set -removable=off. See the if=scsi description above for details on the removable -parameter, which applies only to scsi-disk devices and not to scsi-generic. +The removable parameter gives control over the SCSI INQUIRY removable +(RMB) bit. USB thumbdrives usually set removable=on, while USB hard +disks set removable=off. + +Bug: usb-storage pretends to be a block device, but it's really a SCSI +controller that can serve only a single device, which it creates +automatically. The automatic creation guesses what kind of guest part +to create from the host part, like -drive if=scsi. Host and guest +part are not cleanly separated. === Character Devices === @@ -170,7 +192,9 @@ The appropriate DEVNAME depends on the machine type. For type "pc": -device usb-braille,chardev=braille,vendorid=VID,productid=PRID -chardev braille,id=braille -* -virtioconsole is still being worked on +* -virtioconsole becomes + -device virtio-serial-pci,class=C,vectors=V,ioeventfd=IOEVENTFD,max_ports=N + -device virtconsole,is_console=NUM,nr=NR,name=NAME LEGACY-CHARDEV translates to -chardev HOST-OPTS... as follows: @@ -219,38 +243,29 @@ LEGACY-CHARDEV to refer to a host part defined with -chardev. === Network Devices === -A QEMU network device (NIC) has a host and a guest part. +Host and guest part of network devices have always been separate. -The old ways to define NICs define host and guest part together. It -looks like this: +The old way to define the guest part looks like this: - -net nic,vlan=VLAN,macaddr=MACADDR,model=MODEL,name=ID,addr=STR,vectors=V + -net nic,netdev=NET-ID,macaddr=MACADDR,model=MODEL,name=ID,addr=STR,vectors=V Except for USB it looks like this: - -usbdevice net:vlan=VLAN,macaddr=MACADDR,name=ID,addr=STR,vectors=V + -usbdevice net:netdev=NET-ID,macaddr=MACADDR,name=ID -The new way keeps the parts separate: you create the host part with --netdev, and the guest device with -device, like this: +The new way is -device: - -netdev type=TYPE,id=NET-ID -device DEVNAME,netdev=NET-ID,mac=MACADDR,DEV-OPTS... -Unlike the old way, this creates just a network device, not a VLAN. -If you really want a VLAN, create it the usual way, then create the -guest device like this: - - -device DEVNAME,vlan=VLAN,mac=MACADDR,DEV-OPTS... - DEVNAME equals MODEL, except for virtio you have to name the virtio device appropriate for the bus (virtio-net-pci for PCI), and for USB -NIC you have to use usb-net. +you have to use usb-net. The old name=ID parameter becomes the usual id=ID with -device. For PCI devices, you can add bus=PCI-BUS,addr=DEVFN to control the PCI device address, as usual. The old -net nic provides parameter addr -for that, it is silently ignored when the NIC is not a PCI device. +for that, which is silently ignored when the NIC is not a PCI device. For virtio-net-pci, you can control whether or not ioeventfd is used for virtqueue notify by setting ioeventfd= to on or off (default). @@ -264,20 +279,25 @@ devices and ne2k_isa are. Some PCI devices aren't available with -net nic, e.g. i82558a. -Bug: usb-net does not work, yet. Patch posted. +To connect to a VLAN instead of an ordinary host part, replace +netdev=NET-ID by vlan=VLAN. === Graphics Devices === Host and guest part of graphics devices have always been separate. -The old way to define the guest graphics device is -vga VGA. +The old way to define the guest graphics device is -vga VGA. Not all +machines support all -vga options. -The new way is -device. Map from -vga argument to -device: +The new way is -device. The mapping from -vga argument to -device +depends on the machine type. For machine "pc", it's: std -device VGA cirrus -device cirrus-vga vmware -device vmware-svga - xenfb not yet available with -device + qxl -device qxl-vga + none -nodefaults + disables more than just VGA, see "Default Devices" As for all PCI devices, you can add bus=PCI-BUS,addr=DEVFN to control the PCI device address. @@ -285,13 +305,16 @@ the PCI device address. -device VGA supports properties bios-offset and bios-size, but they aren't used with machine type "pc". -Bug: -device cirrus-vga and -device vmware-svga require -nodefaults. +For machine "isapc", it's -Bug: the new way requires PCI; ISA VGA is not yet available with --device. + std -device isa-vga + cirrus not yet available with -device + none -nodefaults + disables more than just VGA, see "Default Devices" -Bug: the new way doesn't work for machine type "pc", because it -violates obscure device initialization ordering constraints. +Bug: the new way doesn't work for machine types "pc" and "isapc", +because it violates obscure device initialization ordering +constraints. === Audio Devices === @@ -308,6 +331,7 @@ Map from -soundhw sound card name to -device: cs4231a -device cs4231a,iobase=IOADDR,irq=IRQ,dma=DMA es1370 -device ES1370 gus -device gus,iobase=IOADDR,irq=IRQ,dma=DMA,freq=F + hda -device intel-hda,msi=MSI -device hda-duplex sb16 -device sb16,iobase=IOADDR,irq=IRQ,dma=DMA,dma16=DMA16,version=V adlib not yet available with -device pcspk not yet available with -device @@ -321,9 +345,10 @@ The old way to define a virtual USB device is -usbdevice DRIVER:OPTS... The new way is -device DEVNAME,DEV-OPTS... Details depend on DRIVER: +* ccid -device usb-ccid +* keyboard -device usb-kbd * mouse -device usb-mouse * tablet -device usb-tablet -* keyboard -device usb-kdb * wacom-tablet -device usb-wacom-tablet * host:... See "Host Device Assignment" * disk:... See "Block Devices" @@ -353,7 +378,7 @@ The new way is -device pci-assign,host=ADDR,iommu=IOMMU,id=ID -The old dma=none becomes iommu=0 with -device. +The old dma=none becomes iommu=off with -device. The old way to assign a host USB device is @@ -365,4 +390,27 @@ The new way is -device usb-host,hostbus=BUS,hostaddr=ADDR,vendorid=VID,productid=PRID -where left out or zero BUS, ADDR, VID, PRID serve as wildcard. +Omitted options match anything, just like the old way's wildcard. + +=== Default Devices === + +QEMU creates a number of devices by default, depending on the machine +type. + +-device DEVNAME... and global DEVNAME... suppress default devices for +some DEVNAMEs: + + default device suppressing DEVNAMEs + CD-ROM ide-cd, ide-drive, scsi-cd + isa-fdc's driveA isa-fdc + parallel isa-parallel + serial isa-serial + VGA VGA, cirrus-vga, vmware-svga + virtioconsole virtio-serial-pci, virtio-serial-s390, virtio-serial + +The default NIC is connected to a default part created along with it. +It is *not* suppressed by configuring a NIC with -device (you may call +that a bug). -net and -netdev suppress the default NIC. + +-nodefaults suppresses all the default devices mentioned above, plus a +few other things such as default SD-Card drive and default monitor. |