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diff --git a/docs/devel/testing.rst b/docs/devel/testing.rst
index 8a9cda33a5..4a0abbf23d 100644
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@@ -224,6 +224,35 @@ another application on the host may have locked the file, possibly leading to a
test failure. If using such devices are explicitly desired, consider adding
``locking=off`` option to disable image locking.
+Debugging a test case
+-----------------------
+The following options to the ``check`` script can be useful when debugging
+a failing test:
+
+* ``-gdb`` wraps every QEMU invocation in a ``gdbserver``, which waits for a
+ connection from a gdb client. The options given to ``gdbserver`` (e.g. the
+ address on which to listen for connections) are taken from the ``$GDB_OPTIONS``
+ environment variable. By default (if ``$GDB_OPTIONS`` is empty), it listens on
+ ``localhost:12345``.
+ It is possible to connect to it for example with
+ ``gdb -iex "target remote $addr"``, where ``$addr`` is the address
+ ``gdbserver`` listens on.
+ If the ``-gdb`` option is not used, ``$GDB_OPTIONS`` is ignored,
+ regardless of whether it is set or not.
+
+* ``-valgrind`` attaches a valgrind instance to QEMU. If it detects
+ warnings, it will print and save the log in
+ ``$TEST_DIR/<valgrind_pid>.valgrind``.
+ The final command line will be ``valgrind --log-file=$TEST_DIR/
+ <valgrind_pid>.valgrind --error-exitcode=99 $QEMU ...``
+
+* ``-d`` (debug) just increases the logging verbosity, showing
+ for example the QMP commands and answers.
+
+* ``-p`` (print) redirects QEMU’s stdout and stderr to the test output,
+ instead of saving it into a log file in
+ ``$TEST_DIR/qemu-machine-<random_string>``.
+
Test case groups
----------------