11 files changed, 16 insertions, 20 deletions

diff --git a/docs/qapi-code-gen.txt b/docs/qapi-code-gen.txt
index c19c15732d..a253e27d5f 100644
--- a/docs/qapi-code-gen.txt
+++ b/docs/qapi-code-gen.txt
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ following example objects:
 === Commands ===
 
 Usage: { 'command': STRING, '*data': COMPLEX-TYPE-NAME-OR-DICT,
-         '*returns': TYPE-NAME-OR-DICT,
+         '*returns': TYPE-NAME,
          '*gen': false, '*success-response': false }
 
 Commands are defined by using a dictionary containing several members,
@@ -415,14 +415,13 @@ The member is optional from the command declaration; if absent, the
 "return" field will be an empty dictionary.  If 'returns' is present,
 it must be the string name of a complex or built-in type, a
 one-element array containing the name of a complex or built-in type,
-or a dictionary that declares an anonymous type with the same
-semantics as a 'struct' expression, with one exception noted below
-when 'gen' is used.  Although it is permitted to have the 'returns'
-member name a built-in type or an array of built-in types, any command
-that does this cannot be extended to return additional information in
-the future; thus, new commands should strongly consider returning a
-dictionary-based type or an array of dictionaries, even if the
-dictionary only contains one field at the present.
+with one exception noted below when 'gen' is used.  Although it is
+permitted to have the 'returns' member name a built-in type or an
+array of built-in types, any command that does this cannot be extended
+to return additional information in the future; thus, new commands
+should strongly consider returning a dictionary-based type or an array
+of dictionaries, even if the dictionary only contains one field at the
+present.
 
 All commands in Client JSON Protocol use a dictionary to report
 failure, with no way to specify that in QAPI.  Where the error return
diff --git a/scripts/qapi.py b/scripts/qapi.py
index bbeae4d322..23c32fe3dd 100644
--- a/scripts/qapi.py
+++ b/scripts/qapi.py
@@ -504,7 +504,7 @@ def check_command(expr, expr_info):
     if name in returns_whitelist:
         returns_meta += ['built-in', 'alternate', 'enum']
     check_type(expr_info, "'returns' for command '%s'" % name,
-               expr.get('returns'), allow_array=True, allow_dict=True,
+               expr.get('returns'), allow_array=True,
                allow_optional=True, allow_metas=returns_meta,
                allow_star=allow_star)
 
diff --git a/tests/Makefile b/tests/Makefile
index 7315258789..b8d445e955 100644
--- a/tests/Makefile
+++ b/tests/Makefile
@@ -232,10 +232,10 @@ check-qapi-schema-y := $(addprefix tests/qapi-schema/, \
 	args-array-empty.json args-array-unknown.json args-int.json \
 	args-unknown.json args-member-unknown.json args-member-array.json \
 	args-member-array-bad.json args-alternate.json args-union.json \
-	returns-array-bad.json returns-int.json \
+	returns-array-bad.json returns-int.json returns-dict.json \
 	returns-unknown.json returns-alternate.json returns-whitelist.json \
 	missing-colon.json missing-comma-list.json missing-comma-object.json \
-	nested-struct-data.json nested-struct-returns.json non-objects.json \
+	nested-struct-data.json non-objects.json \
 	qapi-schema-test.json quoted-structural-chars.json \
 	trailing-comma-list.json trailing-comma-object.json \
 	unclosed-list.json unclosed-object.json unclosed-string.json \
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/command-int.json b/tests/qapi-schema/command-int.json
index c90d408abe..9a62554fc6 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/command-int.json
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/command-int.json
@@ -1,3 +1,2 @@
 # we reject collisions between commands and types
-{ 'command': 'int', 'data': { 'character': 'str' },
-  'returns': { 'value': 'int' } }
+{ 'command': 'int', 'data': { 'character': 'str' } }
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/nested-struct-data.json b/tests/qapi-schema/nested-struct-data.json
index 3d52d2b398..efbe773ded 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/nested-struct-data.json
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/nested-struct-data.json
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
 # inline subtypes collide with our desired future use of defaults
 { 'command': 'foo',
-  'data': { 'a' : { 'string' : 'str', 'integer': 'int' }, 'b' : 'str' },
-  'returns': {} }
+  'data': { 'a' : { 'string' : 'str', 'integer': 'int' }, 'b' : 'str' } }
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/nested-struct-returns.err b/tests/qapi-schema/nested-struct-returns.err
deleted file mode 100644
index 5238d075b7..0000000000
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/nested-struct-returns.err
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-tests/qapi-schema/nested-struct-returns.json:2: Member 'a' of 'returns' for command 'foo' should be a type name
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/nested-struct-returns.json b/tests/qapi-schema/nested-struct-returns.json
deleted file mode 100644
index d2cd047f0d..0000000000
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/nested-struct-returns.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# inline subtypes collide with our desired future use of defaults
-{ 'command': 'foo',
-  'returns': { 'a' : { 'string' : 'str', 'integer': 'int' }, 'b' : 'str' } }
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/returns-dict.err b/tests/qapi-schema/returns-dict.err
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..eb2d0c4661
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/returns-dict.err
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+tests/qapi-schema/returns-dict.json:2: 'returns' for command 'oops' should be a type name
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/nested-struct-returns.exit b/tests/qapi-schema/returns-dict.exit
index d00491fd7e..d00491fd7e 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/nested-struct-returns.exit
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/returns-dict.exit
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/returns-dict.json b/tests/qapi-schema/returns-dict.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1cfef3ede7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/returns-dict.json
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# we reject inline struct return type
+{ 'command': 'oops', 'returns': { 'a': 'str' } }
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/nested-struct-returns.out b/tests/qapi-schema/returns-dict.out
index e69de29bb2..e69de29bb2 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/nested-struct-returns.out
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/returns-dict.out