python/aqmp: add QMP protocol support

The star of our show!

Add most of the QMP protocol, sans support for actually executing
commands. No problem, that happens in the next several commits.

Signed-off-by: John Snow <jsnow@redhat.com>
Message-id: 20210915162955.333025-18-jsnow@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: John Snow <jsnow@redhat.com>

2 files changed, 266 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/python/qemu/aqmp/__init__.py b/python/qemu/aqmp/__init__.py
index 829166a2e2..d975c752ea 100644
--- a/python/qemu/aqmp/__init__.py
+++ b/python/qemu/aqmp/__init__.py
@@ -25,11 +25,13 @@ from .error import AQMPError
 from .events import EventListener
 from .message import Message
 from .protocol import ConnectError, Runstate, StateError
+from .qmp_client import QMPClient
 
 
 # The order of these fields impact the Sphinx documentation order.
 __all__ = (
     # Classes, most to least important
+    'QMPClient',
     'Message',
     'EventListener',
     'Runstate',
diff --git a/python/qemu/aqmp/qmp_client.py b/python/qemu/aqmp/qmp_client.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..000ff59c7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/qemu/aqmp/qmp_client.py
@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+"""
+QMP Protocol Implementation
+
+This module provides the `QMPClient` class, which can be used to connect
+and send commands to a QMP server such as QEMU. The QMP class can be
+used to either connect to a listening server, or used to listen and
+accept an incoming connection from that server.
+"""
+
+import logging
+from typing import (
+    Dict,
+    List,
+    Mapping,
+    Optional,
+)
+
+from .error import ProtocolError
+from .events import Events
+from .message import Message
+from .models import Greeting
+from .protocol import AsyncProtocol
+from .util import (
+    bottom_half,
+    exception_summary,
+    pretty_traceback,
+    upper_half,
+)
+
+
+class _WrappedProtocolError(ProtocolError):
+    """
+    Abstract exception class for Protocol errors that wrap an Exception.
+
+    :param error_message: Human-readable string describing the error.
+    :param exc: The root-cause exception.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, error_message: str, exc: Exception):
+        super().__init__(error_message)
+        self.exc = exc
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.error_message}: {self.exc!s}"
+
+
+class GreetingError(_WrappedProtocolError):
+    """
+    An exception occurred during the Greeting phase.
+
+    :param error_message: Human-readable string describing the error.
+    :param exc: The root-cause exception.
+    """
+
+
+class NegotiationError(_WrappedProtocolError):
+    """
+    An exception occurred during the Negotiation phase.
+
+    :param error_message: Human-readable string describing the error.
+    :param exc: The root-cause exception.
+    """
+
+
+class QMPClient(AsyncProtocol[Message], Events):
+    """
+    Implements a QMP client connection.
+
+    QMP can be used to establish a connection as either the transport
+    client or server, though this class always acts as the QMP client.
+
+    :param name: Optional nickname for the connection, used for logging.
+
+    Basic script-style usage looks like this::
+
+      qmp = QMPClient('my_virtual_machine_name')
+      await qmp.connect(('127.0.0.1', 1234))
+      ...
+      res = await qmp.execute('block-query')
+      ...
+      await qmp.disconnect()
+
+    Basic async client-style usage looks like this::
+
+      class Client:
+          def __init__(self, name: str):
+              self.qmp = QMPClient(name)
+
+          async def watch_events(self):
+              try:
+                  async for event in self.qmp.events:
+                      print(f"Event: {event['event']}")
+              except asyncio.CancelledError:
+                  return
+
+          async def run(self, address='/tmp/qemu.socket'):
+              await self.qmp.connect(address)
+              asyncio.create_task(self.watch_events())
+              await self.qmp.runstate_changed.wait()
+              await self.disconnect()
+
+    See `aqmp.events` for more detail on event handling patterns.
+    """
+    #: Logger object used for debugging messages.
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+    # Read buffer limit; large enough to accept query-qmp-schema
+    _limit = (256 * 1024)
+
+    def __init__(self, name: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
+        super().__init__(name)
+        Events.__init__(self)
+
+        #: Whether or not to await a greeting after establishing a connection.
+        self.await_greeting: bool = True
+
+        #: Whether or not to perform capabilities negotiation upon connection.
+        #: Implies `await_greeting`.
+        self.negotiate: bool = True
+
+        # Cached Greeting, if one was awaited.
+        self._greeting: Optional[Greeting] = None
+
+    @upper_half
+    async def _establish_session(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Initiate the QMP session.
+
+        Wait for the QMP greeting and perform capabilities negotiation.
+
+        :raise GreetingError: When the greeting is not understood.
+        :raise NegotiationError: If the negotiation fails.
+        :raise EOFError: When the server unexpectedly hangs up.
+        :raise OSError: For underlying stream errors.
+        """
+        if self.await_greeting or self.negotiate:
+            self._greeting = await self._get_greeting()
+
+        if self.negotiate:
+            await self._negotiate()
+
+        # This will start the reader/writers:
+        await super()._establish_session()
+
+    @upper_half
+    async def _get_greeting(self) -> Greeting:
+        """
+        :raise GreetingError: When the greeting is not understood.
+        :raise EOFError: When the server unexpectedly hangs up.
+        :raise OSError: For underlying stream errors.
+
+        :return: the Greeting object given by the server.
+        """
+        self.logger.debug("Awaiting greeting ...")
+
+        try:
+            msg = await self._recv()
+            return Greeting(msg)
+        except (ProtocolError, KeyError, TypeError) as err:
+            emsg = "Did not understand Greeting"
+            self.logger.error("%s: %s", emsg, exception_summary(err))
+            self.logger.debug("%s:\n%s\n", emsg, pretty_traceback())
+            raise GreetingError(emsg, err) from err
+        except BaseException as err:
+            # EOFError, OSError, or something unexpected.
+            emsg = "Failed to receive Greeting"
+            self.logger.error("%s: %s", emsg, exception_summary(err))
+            self.logger.debug("%s:\n%s\n", emsg, pretty_traceback())
+            raise
+
+    @upper_half
+    async def _negotiate(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Perform QMP capabilities negotiation.
+
+        :raise NegotiationError: When negotiation fails.
+        :raise EOFError: When the server unexpectedly hangs up.
+        :raise OSError: For underlying stream errors.
+        """
+        self.logger.debug("Negotiating capabilities ...")
+
+        arguments: Dict[str, List[str]] = {'enable': []}
+        if self._greeting and 'oob' in self._greeting.QMP.capabilities:
+            arguments['enable'].append('oob')
+        msg = self.make_execute_msg('qmp_capabilities', arguments=arguments)
+
+        # It's not safe to use execute() here, because the reader/writers
+        # aren't running. AsyncProtocol *requires* that a new session
+        # does not fail after the reader/writers are running!
+        try:
+            await self._send(msg)
+            reply = await self._recv()
+            assert 'return' in reply
+            assert 'error' not in reply
+        except (ProtocolError, AssertionError) as err:
+            emsg = "Negotiation failed"
+            self.logger.error("%s: %s", emsg, exception_summary(err))
+            self.logger.debug("%s:\n%s\n", emsg, pretty_traceback())
+            raise NegotiationError(emsg, err) from err
+        except BaseException as err:
+            # EOFError, OSError, or something unexpected.
+            emsg = "Negotiation failed"
+            self.logger.error("%s: %s", emsg, exception_summary(err))
+            self.logger.debug("%s:\n%s\n", emsg, pretty_traceback())
+            raise
+
+    @bottom_half
+    async def _on_message(self, msg: Message) -> None:
+        """
+        Add an incoming message to the appropriate queue/handler.
+        """
+        # Incoming messages are not fully parsed/validated here;
+        # do only light peeking to know how to route the messages.
+
+        if 'event' in msg:
+            await self._event_dispatch(msg)
+            return
+
+        # Below, we assume everything left is an execute/exec-oob response.
+        # ... Which we'll implement in the next commit!
+
+    @upper_half
+    @bottom_half
+    async def _do_recv(self) -> Message:
+        """
+        :raise OSError: When a stream error is encountered.
+        :raise EOFError: When the stream is at EOF.
+        :raise ProtocolError:
+            When the Message is not understood.
+            See also `Message._deserialize`.
+
+        :return: A single QMP `Message`.
+        """
+        msg_bytes = await self._readline()
+        msg = Message(msg_bytes, eager=True)
+        return msg
+
+    @upper_half
+    @bottom_half
+    def _do_send(self, msg: Message) -> None:
+        """
+        :raise ValueError: JSON serialization failure
+        :raise TypeError: JSON serialization failure
+        :raise OSError: When a stream error is encountered.
+        """
+        assert self._writer is not None
+        self._writer.write(bytes(msg))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def make_execute_msg(cls, cmd: str,
+                         arguments: Optional[Mapping[str, object]] = None,
+                         oob: bool = False) -> Message:
+        """
+        Create an executable message to be sent later.
+
+        :param cmd: QMP command name.
+        :param arguments: Arguments (if any). Must be JSON-serializable.
+        :param oob: If `True`, execute "out of band".
+
+        :return: An executable QMP `Message`.
+        """
+        msg = Message({'exec-oob' if oob else 'execute': cmd})
+        if arguments is not None:
+            msg['arguments'] = arguments
+        return msg