Merge remote-tracking branch 'remotes/rth/tags/pull-tcg-20211102' into staging

- Split out host signal handing from accel/tcg/user-exec.c
  to linux-user/host/arch/host-signal.h
- Replace TCGCPUOps.tlb_fill with TCGCPUOps.record_sigsegv for user-only
- Add TCGCPUOps.record_sigbus for user-only
- Remove a lot of target-specific cpu_loop handling for signals,
  now accomplished with generic code.

# gpg: Signature made Tue 02 Nov 2021 07:06:14 AM EDT
# gpg:                using RSA key 7A481E78868B4DB6A85A05C064DF38E8AF7E215F
# gpg:                issuer "richard.henderson@linaro.org"
# gpg: Good signature from "Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>" [ultimate]

* remotes/rth/tags/pull-tcg-20211102: (60 commits)
  linux-user: Handle BUS_ADRALN in host_signal_handler
  tcg: Add helper_unaligned_{ld,st} for user-only sigbus
  accel/tcg: Report unaligned load/store for user-only
  accel/tcg: Report unaligned atomics for user-only
  target/sparc: Set fault address in sparc_cpu_do_unaligned_access
  target/sparc: Split out build_sfsr
  target/sparc: Remove DEBUG_UNALIGNED
  target/sh4: Set fault address in superh_cpu_do_unaligned_access
  target/s390x: Implement s390x_cpu_record_sigbus
  linux-user/ppc: Remove POWERPC_EXCP_ALIGN handling
  target/ppc: Restrict ppc_cpu_do_unaligned_access to sysemu
  target/ppc: Set fault address in ppc_cpu_do_unaligned_access
  target/ppc: Move SPR_DSISR setting to powerpc_excp
  target/microblaze: Do not set MO_ALIGN for user-only
  linux-user/hppa: Remove EXCP_UNALIGN handling
  target/arm: Implement arm_cpu_record_sigbus
  target/alpha: Implement alpha_cpu_record_sigbus
  linux-user: Add cpu_loop_exit_sigbus
  hw/core: Add TCGCPUOps.record_sigbus
  accel/tcg: Restrict TCGCPUOps::tlb_fill() to sysemu
  ...

Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>

103 files changed, 1266 insertions, 1433 deletions

diff --git a/accel/tcg/cpu-exec.c b/accel/tcg/cpu-exec.c
index c9764c1325..bba4672632 100644
--- a/accel/tcg/cpu-exec.c
+++ b/accel/tcg/cpu-exec.c
@@ -462,6 +462,7 @@ void cpu_exec_step_atomic(CPUState *cpu)
          * memory.
          */
 #ifndef CONFIG_SOFTMMU
+        clear_helper_retaddr();
         tcg_debug_assert(!have_mmap_lock());
 #endif
         if (qemu_mutex_iothread_locked()) {
@@ -471,7 +472,6 @@ void cpu_exec_step_atomic(CPUState *cpu)
         qemu_plugin_disable_mem_helpers(cpu);
     }
 
-
     /*
      * As we start the exclusive region before codegen we must still
      * be in the region if we longjump out of either the codegen or
@@ -916,6 +916,7 @@ int cpu_exec(CPUState *cpu)
 #endif
 
 #ifndef CONFIG_SOFTMMU
+        clear_helper_retaddr();
         tcg_debug_assert(!have_mmap_lock());
 #endif
         if (qemu_mutex_iothread_locked()) {
diff --git a/accel/tcg/user-exec.c b/accel/tcg/user-exec.c
index e6bb29b42d..1528a21fad 100644
--- a/accel/tcg/user-exec.c
+++ b/accel/tcg/user-exec.c
@@ -27,48 +27,18 @@
 #include "exec/helper-proto.h"
 #include "qemu/atomic128.h"
 #include "trace/trace-root.h"
+#include "tcg/tcg-ldst.h"
 #include "internal.h"
 
-#undef EAX
-#undef ECX
-#undef EDX
-#undef EBX
-#undef ESP
-#undef EBP
-#undef ESI
-#undef EDI
-#undef EIP
-#ifdef __linux__
-#include <sys/ucontext.h>
-#endif
-
 __thread uintptr_t helper_retaddr;
 
 //#define DEBUG_SIGNAL
 
-/* exit the current TB from a signal handler. The host registers are
-   restored in a state compatible with the CPU emulator
+/*
+ * Adjust the pc to pass to cpu_restore_state; return the memop type.
  */
-static void QEMU_NORETURN cpu_exit_tb_from_sighandler(CPUState *cpu,
-                                                      sigset_t *old_set)
-{
-    /* XXX: use siglongjmp ? */
-    sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, old_set, NULL);
-    cpu_loop_exit_noexc(cpu);
-}
-
-/* 'pc' is the host PC at which the exception was raised. 'address' is
-   the effective address of the memory exception. 'is_write' is 1 if a
-   write caused the exception and otherwise 0'. 'old_set' is the
-   signal set which should be restored */
-static inline int handle_cpu_signal(uintptr_t pc, siginfo_t *info,
-                                    int is_write, sigset_t *old_set)
+MMUAccessType adjust_signal_pc(uintptr_t *pc, bool is_write)
 {
-    CPUState *cpu = current_cpu;
-    CPUClass *cc;
-    unsigned long address = (unsigned long)info->si_addr;
-    MMUAccessType access_type = is_write ? MMU_DATA_STORE : MMU_DATA_LOAD;
-
     switch (helper_retaddr) {
     default:
         /*
@@ -77,7 +47,7 @@ static inline int handle_cpu_signal(uintptr_t pc, siginfo_t *info,
          * pointer into the generated code that will unwind to the
          * correct guest pc.
          */
-        pc = helper_retaddr;
+        *pc = helper_retaddr;
         break;
 
     case 0:
@@ -97,7 +67,7 @@ static inline int handle_cpu_signal(uintptr_t pc, siginfo_t *info,
          * Therefore, adjust to compensate for what will be done later
          * by cpu_restore_state_from_tb.
          */
-        pc += GETPC_ADJ;
+        *pc += GETPC_ADJ;
         break;
 
     case 1:
@@ -113,118 +83,97 @@ static inline int handle_cpu_signal(uintptr_t pc, siginfo_t *info,
          *
          * Like tb_gen_code, release the memory lock before cpu_loop_exit.
          */
-        pc = 0;
-        access_type = MMU_INST_FETCH;
         mmap_unlock();
-        break;
+        *pc = 0;
+        return MMU_INST_FETCH;
     }
 
-    /* For synchronous signals we expect to be coming from the vCPU
-     * thread (so current_cpu should be valid) and either from running
-     * code or during translation which can fault as we cross pages.
-     *
-     * If neither is true then something has gone wrong and we should
-     * abort rather than try and restart the vCPU execution.
-     */
-    if (!cpu || !cpu->running) {
-        printf("qemu:%s received signal outside vCPU context @ pc=0x%"
-               PRIxPTR "\n",  __func__, pc);
-        abort();
-    }
+    return is_write ? MMU_DATA_STORE : MMU_DATA_LOAD;
+}
 
-#if defined(DEBUG_SIGNAL)
-    printf("qemu: SIGSEGV pc=0x%08lx address=%08lx w=%d oldset=0x%08lx\n",
-           pc, address, is_write, *(unsigned long *)old_set);
-#endif
-    /* XXX: locking issue */
-    /* Note that it is important that we don't call page_unprotect() unless
-     * this is really a "write to nonwriteable page" fault, because
-     * page_unprotect() assumes that if it is called for an access to
-     * a page that's writeable this means we had two threads racing and
-     * another thread got there first and already made the page writeable;
-     * so we will retry the access. If we were to call page_unprotect()
-     * for some other kind of fault that should really be passed to the
-     * guest, we'd end up in an infinite loop of retrying the faulting
-     * access.
-     */
-    if (is_write && info->si_signo == SIGSEGV && info->si_code == SEGV_ACCERR &&
-        h2g_valid(address)) {
-        switch (page_unprotect(h2g(address), pc)) {
-        case 0:
-            /* Fault not caused by a page marked unwritable to protect
-             * cached translations, must be the guest binary's problem.
-             */
-            break;
-        case 1:
-            /* Fault caused by protection of cached translation; TBs
-             * invalidated, so resume execution.  Retain helper_retaddr
-             * for a possible second fault.
-             */
-            return 1;
-        case 2:
-            /* Fault caused by protection of cached translation, and the
-             * currently executing TB was modified and must be exited
-             * immediately.  Clear helper_retaddr for next execution.
-             */
-            clear_helper_retaddr();
-            cpu_exit_tb_from_sighandler(cpu, old_set);
-            /* NORETURN */
-
-        default:
-            g_assert_not_reached();
-        }
+/**
+ * handle_sigsegv_accerr_write:
+ * @cpu: the cpu context
+ * @old_set: the sigset_t from the signal ucontext_t
+ * @host_pc: the host pc, adjusted for the signal
+ * @guest_addr: the guest address of the fault
+ *
+ * Return true if the write fault has been handled, and should be re-tried.
+ *
+ * Note that it is important that we don't call page_unprotect() unless
+ * this is really a "write to nonwriteable page" fault, because
+ * page_unprotect() assumes that if it is called for an access to
+ * a page that's writeable this means we had two threads racing and
+ * another thread got there first and already made the page writeable;
+ * so we will retry the access. If we were to call page_unprotect()
+ * for some other kind of fault that should really be passed to the
+ * guest, we'd end up in an infinite loop of retrying the faulting access.
+ */
+bool handle_sigsegv_accerr_write(CPUState *cpu, sigset_t *old_set,
+                                 uintptr_t host_pc, abi_ptr guest_addr)
+{
+    switch (page_unprotect(guest_addr, host_pc)) {
+    case 0:
+        /*
+         * Fault not caused by a page marked unwritable to protect
+         * cached translations, must be the guest binary's problem.
+         */
+        return false;
+    case 1:
+        /*
+         * Fault caused by protection of cached translation; TBs
+         * invalidated, so resume execution.
+         */
+        return true;
+    case 2:
+        /*
+         * Fault caused by protection of cached translation, and the
+         * currently executing TB was modified and must be exited immediately.
+         */
+        sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, old_set, NULL);
+        cpu_loop_exit_noexc(cpu);
+        /* NORETURN */
+    default:
+        g_assert_not_reached();
     }
-
-    /* Convert forcefully to guest address space, invalid addresses
-       are still valid segv ones */
-    address = h2g_nocheck(address);
-
-    /*
-     * There is no way the target can handle this other than raising
-     * an exception.  Undo signal and retaddr state prior to longjmp.
-     */
-    sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, old_set, NULL);
-    clear_helper_retaddr();
-
-    cc = CPU_GET_CLASS(cpu);
-    cc->tcg_ops->tlb_fill(cpu, address, 0, access_type,
-                          MMU_USER_IDX, false, pc);
-    g_assert_not_reached();
 }
 
 static int probe_access_internal(CPUArchState *env, target_ulong addr,
                                  int fault_size, MMUAccessType access_type,
                                  bool nonfault, uintptr_t ra)
 {
-    int flags;
+    int acc_flag;
+    bool maperr;
 
     switch (access_type) {
     case MMU_DATA_STORE:
-        flags = PAGE_WRITE;
+        acc_flag = PAGE_WRITE_ORG;
         break;
     case MMU_DATA_LOAD:
-        flags = PAGE_READ;
+        acc_flag = PAGE_READ;
         break;
     case MMU_INST_FETCH:
-        flags = PAGE_EXEC;
+        acc_flag = PAGE_EXEC;
         break;
     default:
         g_assert_not_reached();
     }
 
-    if (!guest_addr_valid_untagged(addr) ||
-        page_check_range(addr, 1, flags) < 0) {
-        if (nonfault) {
-            return TLB_INVALID_MASK;
-        } else {
-            CPUState *cpu = env_cpu(env);
-            CPUClass *cc = CPU_GET_CLASS(cpu);
-            cc->tcg_ops->tlb_fill(cpu, addr, fault_size, access_type,
-                                  MMU_USER_IDX, false, ra);
-            g_assert_not_reached();
+    if (guest_addr_valid_untagged(addr)) {
+        int page_flags = page_get_flags(addr);
+        if (page_flags & acc_flag) {
+            return 0; /* success */
         }
+        maperr = !(page_flags & PAGE_VALID);
+    } else {
+        maperr = true;
     }
-    return 0;
+
+    if (nonfault) {
+        return TLB_INVALID_MASK;
+    }
+
+    cpu_loop_exit_sigsegv(env_cpu(env), addr, access_type, maperr, ra);
 }
 
 int probe_access_flags(CPUArchState *env, target_ulong addr,
@@ -250,640 +199,6 @@ void *probe_access(CPUArchState *env, target_ulong addr, int size,
     return size ? g2h(env_cpu(env), addr) : NULL;
 }
 
-#if defined(__i386__)
-
-#if defined(__NetBSD__)
-#include <ucontext.h>
-#include <machine/trap.h>
-
-#define EIP_sig(context)     ((context)->uc_mcontext.__gregs[_REG_EIP])
-#define TRAP_sig(context)    ((context)->uc_mcontext.__gregs[_REG_TRAPNO])
-#define ERROR_sig(context)   ((context)->uc_mcontext.__gregs[_REG_ERR])
-#define MASK_sig(context)    ((context)->uc_sigmask)
-#define PAGE_FAULT_TRAP      T_PAGEFLT
-#elif defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__DragonFly__)
-#include <ucontext.h>
-#include <machine/trap.h>
-
-#define EIP_sig(context)  (*((unsigned long *)&(context)->uc_mcontext.mc_eip))
-#define TRAP_sig(context)    ((context)->uc_mcontext.mc_trapno)
-#define ERROR_sig(context)   ((context)->uc_mcontext.mc_err)
-#define MASK_sig(context)    ((context)->uc_sigmask)
-#define PAGE_FAULT_TRAP      T_PAGEFLT
-#elif defined(__OpenBSD__)
-#include <machine/trap.h>
-#define EIP_sig(context)     ((context)->sc_eip)
-#define TRAP_sig(context)    ((context)->sc_trapno)
-#define ERROR_sig(context)   ((context)->sc_err)
-#define MASK_sig(context)    ((context)->sc_mask)
-#define PAGE_FAULT_TRAP      T_PAGEFLT
-#else
-#define EIP_sig(context)     ((context)->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_EIP])
-#define TRAP_sig(context)    ((context)->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_TRAPNO])
-#define ERROR_sig(context)   ((context)->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_ERR])
-#define MASK_sig(context)    ((context)->uc_sigmask)
-#define PAGE_FAULT_TRAP      0xe
-#endif
-
-int cpu_signal_handler(int host_signum, void *pinfo,
-                       void *puc)
-{
-    siginfo_t *info = pinfo;
-#if defined(__NetBSD__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__DragonFly__)
-    ucontext_t *uc = puc;
-#elif defined(__OpenBSD__)
-    struct sigcontext *uc = puc;
-#else
-    ucontext_t *uc = puc;
-#endif
-    unsigned long pc;
-    int trapno;
-
-#ifndef REG_EIP
-/* for glibc 2.1 */
-#define REG_EIP    EIP
-#define REG_ERR    ERR
-#define REG_TRAPNO TRAPNO
-#endif
-    pc = EIP_sig(uc);
-    trapno = TRAP_sig(uc);
-    return handle_cpu_signal(pc, info,
-                             trapno == PAGE_FAULT_TRAP ?
-                             (ERROR_sig(uc) >> 1) & 1 : 0,
-                             &MASK_sig(uc));
-}
-
-#elif defined(__x86_64__)
-
-#ifdef __NetBSD__
-#include <machine/trap.h>
-#define PC_sig(context)       _UC_MACHINE_PC(context)
-#define TRAP_sig(context)     ((context)->uc_mcontext.__gregs[_REG_TRAPNO])
-#define ERROR_sig(context)    ((context)->uc_mcontext.__gregs[_REG_ERR])
-#define MASK_sig(context)     ((context)->uc_sigmask)
-#define PAGE_FAULT_TRAP       T_PAGEFLT
-#elif defined(__OpenBSD__)
-#include <machine/trap.h>
-#define PC_sig(context)       ((context)->sc_rip)
-#define TRAP_sig(context)     ((context)->sc_trapno)
-#define ERROR_sig(context)    ((context)->sc_err)
-#define MASK_sig(context)     ((context)->sc_mask)
-#define PAGE_FAULT_TRAP       T_PAGEFLT
-#elif defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__DragonFly__)
-#include <ucontext.h>
-#include <machine/trap.h>
-
-#define PC_sig(context)  (*((unsigned long *)&(context)->uc_mcontext.mc_rip))
-#define TRAP_sig(context)     ((context)->uc_mcontext.mc_trapno)
-#define ERROR_sig(context)    ((context)->uc_mcontext.mc_err)
-#define MASK_sig(context)     ((context)->uc_sigmask)
-#define PAGE_FAULT_TRAP       T_PAGEFLT
-#else
-#define PC_sig(context)       ((context)->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_RIP])
-#define TRAP_sig(context)     ((context)->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_TRAPNO])
-#define ERROR_sig(context)    ((context)->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_ERR])
-#define MASK_sig(context)     ((context)->uc_sigmask)
-#define PAGE_FAULT_TRAP       0xe
-#endif
-
-int cpu_signal_handler(int host_signum, void *pinfo,
-                       void *puc)
-{
-    siginfo_t *info = pinfo;
-    unsigned long pc;
-#if defined(__NetBSD__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__DragonFly__)
-    ucontext_t *uc = puc;
-#elif defined(__OpenBSD__)
-    struct sigcontext *uc = puc;
-#else
-    ucontext_t *uc = puc;
-#endif
-
-    pc = PC_sig(uc);
-    return handle_cpu_signal(pc, info,
-                             TRAP_sig(uc) == PAGE_FAULT_TRAP ?
-                             (ERROR_sig(uc) >> 1) & 1 : 0,
-                             &MASK_sig(uc));
-}
-
-#elif defined(_ARCH_PPC)
-
-/***********************************************************************
- * signal context platform-specific definitions
- * From Wine
- */
-#ifdef linux
-/* All Registers access - only for local access */
-#define REG_sig(reg_name, context)              \
-    ((context)->uc_mcontext.regs->reg_name)
-/* Gpr Registers access  */
-#define GPR_sig(reg_num, context)              REG_sig(gpr[reg_num], context)
-/* Program counter */
-#define IAR_sig(context)                       REG_sig(nip, context)
-/* Machine State Register (Supervisor) */
-#define MSR_sig(context)                       REG_sig(msr, context)
-/* Count register */
-#define CTR_sig(context)                       REG_sig(ctr, context)
-/* User's integer exception register */
-#define XER_sig(context)                       REG_sig(xer, context)
-/* Link register */
-#define LR_sig(context)                        REG_sig(link, context)
-/* Condition register */
-#define CR_sig(context)                        REG_sig(ccr, context)
-
-/* Float Registers access  */
-#define FLOAT_sig(reg_num, context)                                     \
-    (((double *)((char *)((context)->uc_mcontext.regs + 48 * 4)))[reg_num])
-#define FPSCR_sig(context) \
-    (*(int *)((char *)((context)->uc_mcontext.regs + (48 + 32 * 2) * 4)))
-/* Exception Registers access */
-#define DAR_sig(context)                       REG_sig(dar, context)
-#define DSISR_sig(context)                     REG_sig(dsisr, context)
-#define TRAP_sig(context)                      REG_sig(trap, context)
-#endif /* linux */
-
-#if defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__FreeBSD_kernel__)
-#include <ucontext.h>
-#define IAR_sig(context)               ((context)->uc_mcontext.mc_srr0)
-#define MSR_sig(context)               ((context)->uc_mcontext.mc_srr1)
-#define CTR_sig(context)               ((context)->uc_mcontext.mc_ctr)
-#define XER_sig(context)               ((context)->uc_mcontext.mc_xer)
-#define LR_sig(context)                ((context)->uc_mcontext.mc_lr)
-#define CR_sig(context)                ((context)->uc_mcontext.mc_cr)
-/* Exception Registers access */
-#define DAR_sig(context)               ((context)->uc_mcontext.mc_dar)
-#define DSISR_sig(context)             ((context)->uc_mcontext.mc_dsisr)
-#define TRAP_sig(context)              ((context)->uc_mcontext.mc_exc)
-#endif /* __FreeBSD__|| __FreeBSD_kernel__ */
-
-int cpu_signal_handler(int host_signum, void *pinfo,
-                       void *puc)
-{
-    siginfo_t *info = pinfo;
-#if defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__FreeBSD_kernel__)
-    ucontext_t *uc = puc;
-#else
-    ucontext_t *uc = puc;
-#endif
-    unsigned long pc;
-    int is_write;
-
-    pc = IAR_sig(uc);
-    is_write = 0;
-#if 0
-    /* ppc 4xx case */
-    if (DSISR_sig(uc) & 0x00800000) {
-        is_write = 1;
-    }
-#else
-    if (TRAP_sig(uc) != 0x400 && (DSISR_sig(uc) & 0x02000000)) {
-        is_write = 1;
-    }
-#endif
-    return handle_cpu_signal(pc, info, is_write, &uc->uc_sigmask);
-}
-
-#elif defined(__alpha__)
-
-int cpu_signal_handler(int host_signum, void *pinfo,
-                           void *puc)
-{
-    siginfo_t *info = pinfo;
-    ucontext_t *uc = puc;
-    uint32_t *pc = uc->uc_mcontext.sc_pc;
-    uint32_t insn = *pc;
-    int is_write = 0;
-
-    /* XXX: need kernel patch to get write flag faster */
-    switch (insn >> 26) {
-    case 0x0d: /* stw */
-    case 0x0e: /* stb */
-    case 0x0f: /* stq_u */
-    case 0x24: /* stf */
-    case 0x25: /* stg */
-    case 0x26: /* sts */
-    case 0x27: /* stt */
-    case 0x2c: /* stl */
-    case 0x2d: /* stq */
-    case 0x2e: /* stl_c */
-    case 0x2f: /* stq_c */
-        is_write = 1;
-    }
-
-    return handle_cpu_signal(pc, info, is_write, &uc->uc_sigmask);
-}
-#elif defined(__sparc__)
-
-int cpu_signal_handler(int host_signum, void *pinfo,
-                       void *puc)
-{
-    siginfo_t *info = pinfo;
-    int is_write;
-    uint32_t insn;
-#if !defined(__arch64__) || defined(CONFIG_SOLARIS)
-    uint32_t *regs = (uint32_t *)(info + 1);
-    void *sigmask = (regs + 20);
-    /* XXX: is there a standard glibc define ? */
-    unsigned long pc = regs[1];
-#else
-#ifdef __linux__
-    struct sigcontext *sc = puc;
-    unsigned long pc = sc->sigc_regs.tpc;
-    void *sigmask = (void *)sc->sigc_mask;
-#elif defined(__OpenBSD__)
-    struct sigcontext *uc = puc;
-    unsigned long pc = uc->sc_pc;
-    void *sigmask = (void *)(long)uc->sc_mask;
-#elif defined(__NetBSD__)
-    ucontext_t *uc = puc;
-    unsigned long pc = _UC_MACHINE_PC(uc);
-    void *sigmask = (void *)&uc->uc_sigmask;
-#endif
-#endif
-
-    /* XXX: need kernel patch to get write flag faster */
-    is_write = 0;
-    insn = *(uint32_t *)pc;
-    if ((insn >> 30) == 3) {
-        switch ((insn >> 19) & 0x3f) {
-        case 0x05: /* stb */
-        case 0x15: /* stba */
-        case 0x06: /* sth */
-        case 0x16: /* stha */
-        case 0x04: /* st */
-        case 0x14: /* sta */
-        case 0x07: /* std */
-        case 0x17: /* stda */
-        case 0x0e: /* stx */
-        case 0x1e: /* stxa */
-        case 0x24: /* stf */
-        case 0x34: /* stfa */
-        case 0x27: /* stdf */
-        case 0x37: /* stdfa */
-        case 0x26: /* stqf */
-        case 0x36: /* stqfa */
-        case 0x25: /* stfsr */
-        case 0x3c: /* casa */
-        case 0x3e: /* casxa */
-            is_write = 1;
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-    return handle_cpu_signal(pc, info, is_write, sigmask);
-}
-
-#elif defined(__arm__)
-
-#if defined(__NetBSD__)
-#include <ucontext.h>
-#include <sys/siginfo.h>
-#endif
-
-int cpu_signal_handler(int host_signum, void *pinfo,
-                       void *puc)
-{
-    siginfo_t *info = pinfo;
-#if defined(__NetBSD__)
-    ucontext_t *uc = puc;
-    siginfo_t *si = pinfo;
-#else
-    ucontext_t *uc = puc;
-#endif
-    unsigned long pc;
-    uint32_t fsr;
-    int is_write;
-
-#if defined(__NetBSD__)
-    pc = uc->uc_mcontext.__gregs[_REG_R15];
-#elif defined(__GLIBC__) && (__GLIBC__ < 2 || (__GLIBC__ == 2 && __GLIBC_MINOR__ <= 3))
-    pc = uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[R15];
-#else
-    pc = uc->uc_mcontext.arm_pc;
-#endif
-
-#ifdef __NetBSD__
-    fsr = si->si_trap;
-#else
-    fsr = uc->uc_mcontext.error_code;
-#endif
-    /*
-     * In the FSR, bit 11 is WnR, assuming a v6 or
-     * later processor.  On v5 we will always report
-     * this as a read, which will fail later.
-     */
-    is_write = extract32(fsr, 11, 1);
-    return handle_cpu_signal(pc, info, is_write, &uc->uc_sigmask);
-}
-
-#elif defined(__aarch64__)
-
-#if defined(__NetBSD__)
-
-#include <ucontext.h>
-#include <sys/siginfo.h>
-
-int cpu_signal_handler(int host_signum, void *pinfo, void *puc)
-{
-    ucontext_t *uc = puc;
-    siginfo_t *si = pinfo;
-    unsigned long pc;
-    int is_write;
-    uint32_t esr;
-
-    pc = uc->uc_mcontext.__gregs[_REG_PC];
-    esr = si->si_trap;
-
-    /*
-     * siginfo_t::si_trap is the ESR value, for data aborts ESR.EC
-     * is 0b10010x: then bit 6 is the WnR bit
-     */
-    is_write = extract32(esr, 27, 5) == 0x12 && extract32(esr, 6, 1) == 1;
-    return handle_cpu_signal(pc, si, is_write, &uc->uc_sigmask);
-}
-
-#else
-
-#ifndef ESR_MAGIC
-/* Pre-3.16 kernel headers don't have these, so provide fallback definitions */
-#define ESR_MAGIC 0x45535201
-struct esr_context {
-    struct _aarch64_ctx head;
-    uint64_t esr;
-};
-#endif
-
-static inline struct _aarch64_ctx *first_ctx(ucontext_t *uc)
-{
-    return (struct _aarch64_ctx *)&uc->uc_mcontext.__reserved;
-}
-
-static inline struct _aarch64_ctx *next_ctx(struct _aarch64_ctx *hdr)
-{
-    return (struct _aarch64_ctx *)((char *)hdr + hdr->size);
-}
-
-int cpu_signal_handler(int host_signum, void *pinfo, void *puc)
-{
-    siginfo_t *info = pinfo;
-    ucontext_t *uc = puc;
-    uintptr_t pc = uc->uc_mcontext.pc;
-    bool is_write;
-    struct _aarch64_ctx *hdr;
-    struct esr_context const *esrctx = NULL;
-
-    /* Find the esr_context, which has the WnR bit in it */
-    for (hdr = first_ctx(uc); hdr->magic; hdr = next_ctx(hdr)) {
-        if (hdr->magic == ESR_MAGIC) {
-            esrctx = (struct esr_context const *)hdr;
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (esrctx) {
-        /* For data aborts ESR.EC is 0b10010x: then bit 6 is the WnR bit */
-        uint64_t esr = esrctx->esr;
-        is_write = extract32(esr, 27, 5) == 0x12 && extract32(esr, 6, 1) == 1;
-    } else {
-        /*
-         * Fall back to parsing instructions; will only be needed
-         * for really ancient (pre-3.16) kernels.
-         */
-        uint32_t insn = *(uint32_t *)pc;
-
-        is_write = ((insn & 0xbfff0000) == 0x0c000000   /* C3.3.1 */
-                    || (insn & 0xbfe00000) == 0x0c800000   /* C3.3.2 */
-                    || (insn & 0xbfdf0000) == 0x0d000000   /* C3.3.3 */
-                    || (insn & 0xbfc00000) == 0x0d800000   /* C3.3.4 */
-                    || (insn & 0x3f400000) == 0x08000000   /* C3.3.6 */
-                    || (insn & 0x3bc00000) == 0x39000000   /* C3.3.13 */
-                    || (insn & 0x3fc00000) == 0x3d800000   /* ... 128bit */
-                    /* Ignore bits 10, 11 & 21, controlling indexing.  */
-                    || (insn & 0x3bc00000) == 0x38000000   /* C3.3.8-12 */
-                    || (insn & 0x3fe00000) == 0x3c800000   /* ... 128bit */
-                    /* Ignore bits 23 & 24, controlling indexing.  */
-                    || (insn & 0x3a400000) == 0x28000000); /* C3.3.7,14-16 */
-    }
-    return handle_cpu_signal(pc, info, is_write, &uc->uc_sigmask);
-}
-#endif
-
-#elif defined(__s390__)
-
-int cpu_signal_handler(int host_signum, void *pinfo,
-                       void *puc)
-{
-    siginfo_t *info = pinfo;
-    ucontext_t *uc = puc;
-    unsigned long pc;
-    uint16_t *pinsn;
-    int is_write = 0;
-
-    pc = uc->uc_mcontext.psw.addr;
-
-    /*
-     * ??? On linux, the non-rt signal handler has 4 (!) arguments instead
-     * of the normal 2 arguments.  The 4th argument contains the "Translation-
-     * Exception Identification for DAT Exceptions" from the hardware (aka
-     * "int_parm_long"), which does in fact contain the is_write value.
-     * The rt signal handler, as far as I can tell, does not give this value
-     * at all.  Not that we could get to it from here even if it were.
-     * So fall back to parsing instructions.  Treat read-modify-write ones as
-     * writes, which is not fully correct, but for tracking self-modifying code
-     * this is better than treating them as reads.  Checking si_addr page flags
-     * might be a viable improvement, albeit a racy one.
-     */
-    /* ??? This is not even close to complete.  */
-    pinsn = (uint16_t *)pc;
-    switch (pinsn[0] >> 8) {
-    case 0x50: /* ST */
-    case 0x42: /* STC */
-    case 0x40: /* STH */
-    case 0xba: /* CS */
-    case 0xbb: /* CDS */
-        is_write = 1;
-        break;
-    case 0xc4: /* RIL format insns */
-        switch (pinsn[0] & 0xf) {
-        case 0xf: /* STRL */
-        case 0xb: /* STGRL */
-        case 0x7: /* STHRL */
-            is_write = 1;
-        }
-        break;
-    case 0xc8: /* SSF format insns */
-        switch (pinsn[0] & 0xf) {
-        case 0x2: /* CSST */
-            is_write = 1;
-        }
-        break;
-    case 0xe3: /* RXY format insns */
-        switch (pinsn[2] & 0xff) {
-        case 0x50: /* STY */
-        case 0x24: /* STG */
-        case 0x72: /* STCY */
-        case 0x70: /* STHY */
-        case 0x8e: /* STPQ */
-        case 0x3f: /* STRVH */
-        case 0x3e: /* STRV */
-        case 0x2f: /* STRVG */
-            is_write = 1;
-        }
-        break;
-    case 0xeb: /* RSY format insns */
-        switch (pinsn[2] & 0xff) {
-        case 0x14: /* CSY */
-        case 0x30: /* CSG */
-        case 0x31: /* CDSY */
-        case 0x3e: /* CDSG */
-        case 0xe4: /* LANG */
-        case 0xe6: /* LAOG */
-        case 0xe7: /* LAXG */
-        case 0xe8: /* LAAG */
-        case 0xea: /* LAALG */
-        case 0xf4: /* LAN */
-        case 0xf6: /* LAO */
-        case 0xf7: /* LAX */
-        case 0xfa: /* LAAL */
-        case 0xf8: /* LAA */
-            is_write = 1;
-        }
-        break;
-    }
-
-    return handle_cpu_signal(pc, info, is_write, &uc->uc_sigmask);
-}
-
-#elif defined(__mips__)
-
-#if defined(__misp16) || defined(__mips_micromips)
-#error "Unsupported encoding"
-#endif
-
-int cpu_signal_handler(int host_signum, void *pinfo,
-                       void *puc)
-{
-    siginfo_t *info = pinfo;
-    ucontext_t *uc = puc;
-    uintptr_t pc = uc->uc_mcontext.pc;
-    uint32_t insn = *(uint32_t *)pc;
-    int is_write = 0;
-
-    /* Detect all store instructions at program counter. */
-    switch((insn >> 26) & 077) {
-    case 050: /* SB */
-    case 051: /* SH */
-    case 052: /* SWL */
-    case 053: /* SW */
-    case 054: /* SDL */
-    case 055: /* SDR */
-    case 056: /* SWR */
-    case 070: /* SC */
-    case 071: /* SWC1 */
-    case 074: /* SCD */
-    case 075: /* SDC1 */
-    case 077: /* SD */
-#if !defined(__mips_isa_rev) || __mips_isa_rev < 6
-    case 072: /* SWC2 */
-    case 076: /* SDC2 */
-#endif
-        is_write = 1;
-        break;
-    case 023: /* COP1X */
-        /* Required in all versions of MIPS64 since
-           MIPS64r1 and subsequent versions of MIPS32r2. */
-        switch (insn & 077) {
-        case 010: /* SWXC1 */
-        case 011: /* SDXC1 */
-        case 015: /* SUXC1 */
-            is_write = 1;
-        }
-        break;
-    }
-
-    return handle_cpu_signal(pc, info, is_write, &uc->uc_sigmask);
-}
-
-#elif defined(__riscv)
-
-int cpu_signal_handler(int host_signum, void *pinfo,
-                       void *puc)
-{
-    siginfo_t *info = pinfo;
-    ucontext_t *uc = puc;
-    greg_t pc = uc->uc_mcontext.__gregs[REG_PC];
-    uint32_t insn = *(uint32_t *)pc;
-    int is_write = 0;
-
-    /* Detect store by reading the instruction at the program
-       counter. Note: we currently only generate 32-bit
-       instructions so we thus only detect 32-bit stores */
-    switch (((insn >> 0) & 0b11)) {
-    case 3:
-        switch (((insn >> 2) & 0b11111)) {
-        case 8:
-            switch (((insn >> 12) & 0b111)) {
-            case 0: /* sb */
-            case 1: /* sh */
-            case 2: /* sw */
-            case 3: /* sd */
-            case 4: /* sq */
-                is_write = 1;
-                break;
-            default:
-                break;
-            }
-            break;
-        case 9:
-            switch (((insn >> 12) & 0b111)) {
-            case 2: /* fsw */
-            case 3: /* fsd */
-            case 4: /* fsq */
-                is_write = 1;
-                break;
-            default:
-                break;
-            }
-            break;
-        default:
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /* Check for compressed instructions */
-    switch (((insn >> 13) & 0b111)) {
-    case 7:
-        switch (insn & 0b11) {
-        case 0: /*c.sd */
-        case 2: /* c.sdsp */
-            is_write = 1;
-            break;
-        default:
-            break;
-        }
-        break;
-    case 6:
-        switch (insn & 0b11) {
-        case 0: /* c.sw */
-        case 3: /* c.swsp */
-            is_write = 1;
-            break;
-        default:
-            break;
-        }
-        break;
-    default:
-        break;
-    }
-
-    return handle_cpu_signal(pc, info, is_write, &uc->uc_sigmask);
-}
-
-#else
-
-#error host CPU specific signal handler needed
-
-#endif
-
 /* The softmmu versions of these helpers are in cputlb.c.  */
 
 /*
@@ -901,12 +216,27 @@ static void validate_memop(MemOpIdx oi, MemOp expected)
 #endif
 }
 
+void helper_unaligned_ld(CPUArchState *env, target_ulong addr)
+{
+    cpu_loop_exit_sigbus(env_cpu(env), addr, MMU_DATA_LOAD, GETPC());
+}
+
+void helper_unaligned_st(CPUArchState *env, target_ulong addr)
+{
+    cpu_loop_exit_sigbus(env_cpu(env), addr, MMU_DATA_STORE, GETPC());
+}
+
 static void *cpu_mmu_lookup(CPUArchState *env, target_ulong addr,
                             MemOpIdx oi, uintptr_t ra, MMUAccessType type)
 {
+    MemOp mop = get_memop(oi);
+    int a_bits = get_alignment_bits(mop);
     void *ret;
 
-    /* TODO: Enforce guest required alignment.  */
+    /* Enforce guest required alignment.  */
+    if (unlikely(addr & ((1 << a_bits) - 1))) {
+        cpu_loop_exit_sigbus(env_cpu(env), addr, type, ra);
+    }
 
     ret = g2h(env_cpu(env), addr);
     set_helper_retaddr(ra);
@@ -1160,11 +490,22 @@ static void *atomic_mmu_lookup(CPUArchState *env, target_ulong addr,
                                MemOpIdx oi, int size, int prot,
                                uintptr_t retaddr)
 {
+    MemOp mop = get_memop(oi);
+    int a_bits = get_alignment_bits(mop);
+    void *ret;
+
+    /* Enforce guest required alignment.  */
+    if (unlikely(addr & ((1 << a_bits) - 1))) {
+        MMUAccessType t = prot == PAGE_READ ? MMU_DATA_LOAD : MMU_DATA_STORE;
+        cpu_loop_exit_sigbus(env_cpu(env), addr, t, retaddr);
+    }
+
     /* Enforce qemu required alignment.  */
     if (unlikely(addr & (size - 1))) {
         cpu_loop_exit_atomic(env_cpu(env), retaddr);
     }
-    void *ret = g2h(env_cpu(env), addr);
+
+    ret = g2h(env_cpu(env), addr);
     set_helper_retaddr(retaddr);
     return ret;
 }
diff --git a/configure b/configure
index 039467c04b..d57ad58342 100755
--- a/configure
+++ b/configure
@@ -570,11 +570,7 @@ elif check_define __s390__ ; then
     cpu="s390"
   fi
 elif check_define __riscv ; then
-  if check_define _LP64 ; then
-    cpu="riscv64"
-  else
-    cpu="riscv32"
-  fi
+  cpu="riscv"
 elif check_define __arm__ ; then
   cpu="arm"
 elif check_define __aarch64__ ; then
@@ -587,7 +583,7 @@ ARCH=
 # Normalise host CPU name and set ARCH.
 # Note that this case should only have supported host CPUs, not guests.
 case "$cpu" in
-  ppc|ppc64|s390x|sparc64|x32|riscv32|riscv64)
+  ppc|ppc64|s390x|sparc64|x32|riscv)
   ;;
   ppc64le)
     ARCH="ppc64"
diff --git a/include/exec/exec-all.h b/include/exec/exec-all.h
index 9d5987ba04..6bb2a0f7ec 100644
--- a/include/exec/exec-all.h
+++ b/include/exec/exec-all.h
@@ -664,16 +664,55 @@ static inline tb_page_addr_t get_page_addr_code_hostp(CPUArchState *env,
 }
 
 /**
- * cpu_signal_handler
- * @signum: host signal number
- * @pinfo: host siginfo_t
- * @puc: host ucontext_t
+ * adjust_signal_pc:
+ * @pc: raw pc from the host signal ucontext_t.
+ * @is_write: host memory operation was write, or read-modify-write.
  *
- * To be called from the SIGBUS and SIGSEGV signal handler to inform the
- * virtual cpu of exceptions.  Returns true if the signal was handled by
- * the virtual CPU.
+ * Alter @pc as required for unwinding.  Return the type of the
+ * guest memory access -- host reads may be for guest execution.
  */
-int cpu_signal_handler(int signum, void *pinfo, void *puc);
+MMUAccessType adjust_signal_pc(uintptr_t *pc, bool is_write);
+
+/**
+ * handle_sigsegv_accerr_write:
+ * @cpu: the cpu context
+ * @old_set: the sigset_t from the signal ucontext_t
+ * @host_pc: the host pc, adjusted for the signal
+ * @host_addr: the host address of the fault
+ *
+ * Return true if the write fault has been handled, and should be re-tried.
+ */
+bool handle_sigsegv_accerr_write(CPUState *cpu, sigset_t *old_set,
+                                 uintptr_t host_pc, abi_ptr guest_addr);
+
+/**
+ * cpu_loop_exit_sigsegv:
+ * @cpu: the cpu context
+ * @addr: the guest address of the fault
+ * @access_type: access was read/write/execute
+ * @maperr: true for invalid page, false for permission fault
+ * @ra: host pc for unwinding
+ *
+ * Use the TCGCPUOps hook to record cpu state, do guest operating system
+ * specific things to raise SIGSEGV, and jump to the main cpu loop.
+ */
+void QEMU_NORETURN cpu_loop_exit_sigsegv(CPUState *cpu, target_ulong addr,
+                                         MMUAccessType access_type,
+                                         bool maperr, uintptr_t ra);
+
+/**
+ * cpu_loop_exit_sigbus:
+ * @cpu: the cpu context
+ * @addr: the guest address of the alignment fault
+ * @access_type: access was read/write/execute
+ * @ra: host pc for unwinding
+ *
+ * Use the TCGCPUOps hook to record cpu state, do guest operating system
+ * specific things to raise SIGBUS, and jump to the main cpu loop.
+ */
+void QEMU_NORETURN cpu_loop_exit_sigbus(CPUState *cpu, target_ulong addr,
+                                        MMUAccessType access_type,
+                                        uintptr_t ra);
 
 #else
 static inline void mmap_lock(void) {}
diff --git a/include/hw/core/tcg-cpu-ops.h b/include/hw/core/tcg-cpu-ops.h
index 6cbe17f2e6..e13898553a 100644
--- a/include/hw/core/tcg-cpu-ops.h
+++ b/include/hw/core/tcg-cpu-ops.h
@@ -35,18 +35,6 @@ struct TCGCPUOps {
     void (*cpu_exec_enter)(CPUState *cpu);
     /** @cpu_exec_exit: Callback for cpu_exec cleanup */
     void (*cpu_exec_exit)(CPUState *cpu);
-    /**
-     * @tlb_fill: Handle a softmmu tlb miss or user-only address fault
-     *
-     * For system mode, if the access is valid, call tlb_set_page
-     * and return true; if the access is invalid, and probe is
-     * true, return false; otherwise raise an exception and do
-     * not return.  For user-only mode, always raise an exception
-     * and do not return.
-     */
-    bool (*tlb_fill)(CPUState *cpu, vaddr address, int size,
-                     MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
-                     bool probe, uintptr_t retaddr);
     /** @debug_excp_handler: Callback for handling debug exceptions */
     void (*debug_excp_handler)(CPUState *cpu);
 
@@ -69,6 +57,16 @@ struct TCGCPUOps {
     /** @cpu_exec_interrupt: Callback for processing interrupts in cpu_exec */
     bool (*cpu_exec_interrupt)(CPUState *cpu, int interrupt_request);
     /**
+     * @tlb_fill: Handle a softmmu tlb miss
+     *
+     * If the access is valid, call tlb_set_page and return true;
+     * if the access is invalid and probe is true, return false;
+     * otherwise raise an exception and do not return.
+     */
+    bool (*tlb_fill)(CPUState *cpu, vaddr address, int size,
+                     MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
+                     bool probe, uintptr_t retaddr);
+    /**
      * @do_transaction_failed: Callback for handling failed memory transactions
      * (ie bus faults or external aborts; not MMU faults)
      */
@@ -111,6 +109,55 @@ struct TCGCPUOps {
      */
     bool (*io_recompile_replay_branch)(CPUState *cpu,
                                        const TranslationBlock *tb);
+#else
+    /**
+     * record_sigsegv:
+     * @cpu: cpu context
+     * @addr: faulting guest address
+     * @access_type: access was read/write/execute
+     * @maperr: true for invalid page, false for permission fault
+     * @ra: host pc for unwinding
+     *
+     * We are about to raise SIGSEGV with si_code set for @maperr,
+     * and si_addr set for @addr.  Record anything further needed
+     * for the signal ucontext_t.
+     *
+     * If the emulated kernel does not provide anything to the signal
+     * handler with anything besides the user context registers, and
+     * the siginfo_t, then this hook need do nothing and may be omitted.
+     * Otherwise, record the data and return; the caller will raise
+     * the signal, unwind the cpu state, and return to the main loop.
+     *
+     * If it is simpler to re-use the sysemu tlb_fill code, @ra is provided
+     * so that a "normal" cpu exception can be raised.  In this case,
+     * the signal must be raised by the architecture cpu_loop.
+     */
+    void (*record_sigsegv)(CPUState *cpu, vaddr addr,
+                           MMUAccessType access_type,
+                           bool maperr, uintptr_t ra);
+    /**
+     * record_sigbus:
+     * @cpu: cpu context
+     * @addr: misaligned guest address
+     * @access_type: access was read/write/execute
+     * @ra: host pc for unwinding
+     *
+     * We are about to raise SIGBUS with si_code BUS_ADRALN,
+     * and si_addr set for @addr.  Record anything further needed
+     * for the signal ucontext_t.
+     *
+     * If the emulated kernel does not provide the signal handler with
+     * anything besides the user context registers, and the siginfo_t,
+     * then this hook need do nothing and may be omitted.
+     * Otherwise, record the data and return; the caller will raise
+     * the signal, unwind the cpu state, and return to the main loop.
+     *
+     * If it is simpler to re-use the sysemu do_unaligned_access code,
+     * @ra is provided so that a "normal" cpu exception can be raised.
+     * In this case, the signal must be raised by the architecture cpu_loop.
+     */
+    void (*record_sigbus)(CPUState *cpu, vaddr addr,
+                          MMUAccessType access_type, uintptr_t ra);
 #endif /* CONFIG_SOFTMMU */
 #endif /* NEED_CPU_H */
 
diff --git a/include/tcg/tcg-ldst.h b/include/tcg/tcg-ldst.h
index 8c86365611..bf40942de4 100644
--- a/include/tcg/tcg-ldst.h
+++ b/include/tcg/tcg-ldst.h
@@ -70,5 +70,10 @@ void helper_be_stl_mmu(CPUArchState *env, target_ulong addr, uint32_t val,
 void helper_be_stq_mmu(CPUArchState *env, target_ulong addr, uint64_t val,
                        MemOpIdx oi, uintptr_t retaddr);
 
+#else
+
+void QEMU_NORETURN helper_unaligned_ld(CPUArchState *env, target_ulong addr);
+void QEMU_NORETURN helper_unaligned_st(CPUArchState *env, target_ulong addr);
+
 #endif /* CONFIG_SOFTMMU */
 #endif /* TCG_LDST_H */
diff --git a/linux-user/aarch64/cpu_loop.c b/linux-user/aarch64/cpu_loop.c
index 034b737435..97e0728b67 100644
--- a/linux-user/aarch64/cpu_loop.c
+++ b/linux-user/aarch64/cpu_loop.c
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@
 void cpu_loop(CPUARMState *env)
 {
     CPUState *cs = env_cpu(env);
-    int trapnr, ec, fsc, si_code;
+    int trapnr, ec, fsc, si_code, si_signo;
     abi_long ret;
 
     for (;;) {
@@ -121,20 +121,26 @@ void cpu_loop(CPUARMState *env)
             fsc = extract32(env->exception.syndrome, 0, 6);
             switch (fsc) {
             case 0x04 ... 0x07: /* Translation fault, level {0-3} */
+                si_signo = TARGET_SIGSEGV;
                 si_code = TARGET_SEGV_MAPERR;
                 break;
             case 0x09 ... 0x0b: /* Access flag fault, level {1-3} */
             case 0x0d ... 0x0f: /* Permission fault, level {1-3} */
+                si_signo = TARGET_SIGSEGV;
                 si_code = TARGET_SEGV_ACCERR;
                 break;
             case 0x11: /* Synchronous Tag Check Fault */
+                si_signo = TARGET_SIGSEGV;
                 si_code = TARGET_SEGV_MTESERR;
                 break;
+            case 0x21: /* Alignment fault */
+                si_signo = TARGET_SIGBUS;
+                si_code = TARGET_BUS_ADRALN;
+                break;
             default:
                 g_assert_not_reached();
             }
-
-            force_sig_fault(TARGET_SIGSEGV, si_code, env->exception.vaddress);
+            force_sig_fault(si_signo, si_code, env->exception.vaddress);
             break;
         case EXCP_DEBUG:
         case EXCP_BKPT:
diff --git a/linux-user/alpha/cpu_loop.c b/linux-user/alpha/cpu_loop.c
index 1b00a81385..4029849d5c 100644
--- a/linux-user/alpha/cpu_loop.c
+++ b/linux-user/alpha/cpu_loop.c
@@ -54,21 +54,6 @@ void cpu_loop(CPUAlphaState *env)
             fprintf(stderr, "External interrupt. Exit\n");
             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
             break;
-        case EXCP_MMFAULT:
-            info.si_signo = TARGET_SIGSEGV;
-            info.si_errno = 0;
-            info.si_code = (page_get_flags(env->trap_arg0) & PAGE_VALID
-                            ? TARGET_SEGV_ACCERR : TARGET_SEGV_MAPERR);
-            info._sifields._sigfault._addr = env->trap_arg0;
-            queue_signal(env, info.si_signo, QEMU_SI_FAULT, &info);
-            break;
-        case EXCP_UNALIGN:
-            info.si_signo = TARGET_SIGBUS;
-            info.si_errno = 0;
-            info.si_code = TARGET_BUS_ADRALN;
-            info._sifields._sigfault._addr = env->trap_arg0;
-            queue_signal(env, info.si_signo, QEMU_SI_FAULT, &info);
-            break;
         case EXCP_OPCDEC:
         do_sigill:
             info.si_signo = TARGET_SIGILL;
diff --git a/linux-user/arm/cpu_loop.c b/linux-user/arm/cpu_loop.c
index ae09adcb95..01cb6eb534 100644
--- a/linux-user/arm/cpu_loop.c
+++ b/linux-user/arm/cpu_loop.c
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #include "cpu_loop-common.h"
 #include "signal-common.h"
 #include "semihosting/common-semi.h"
+#include "target/arm/syndrome.h"
 
 #define get_user_code_u32(x, gaddr, env)                \
     ({ abi_long __r = get_user_u32((x), (gaddr));       \
@@ -280,7 +281,7 @@ static bool emulate_arm_fpa11(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t opcode)
 void cpu_loop(CPUARMState *env)
 {
     CPUState *cs = env_cpu(env);
-    int trapnr;
+    int trapnr, si_signo, si_code;
     unsigned int n, insn;
     abi_ulong ret;
 
@@ -423,9 +424,30 @@ void cpu_loop(CPUARMState *env)
             break;
         case EXCP_PREFETCH_ABORT:
         case EXCP_DATA_ABORT:
-            /* XXX: check env->error_code */
-            force_sig_fault(TARGET_SIGSEGV, TARGET_SEGV_MAPERR,
-                            env->exception.vaddress);
+            /* For user-only we don't set TTBCR_EAE, so look at the FSR. */
+            switch (env->exception.fsr & 0x1f) {
+            case 0x1: /* Alignment */
+                si_signo = TARGET_SIGBUS;
+                si_code = TARGET_BUS_ADRALN;
+                break;
+            case 0x3: /* Access flag fault, level 1 */
+            case 0x6: /* Access flag fault, level 2 */
+            case 0x9: /* Domain fault, level 1 */
+            case 0xb: /* Domain fault, level 2 */
+            case 0xd: /* Permision fault, level 1 */
+            case 0xf: /* Permision fault, level 2 */
+                si_signo = TARGET_SIGSEGV;
+                si_code = TARGET_SEGV_ACCERR;
+                break;
+            case 0x5: /* Translation fault, level 1 */
+            case 0x7: /* Translation fault, level 2 */
+                si_signo = TARGET_SIGSEGV;
+                si_code = TARGET_SEGV_MAPERR;
+                break;
+            default:
+                g_assert_not_reached();
+            }
+            force_sig_fault(si_signo, si_code, env->exception.vaddress);
             break;
         case EXCP_DEBUG:
         case EXCP_BKPT:
diff --git a/linux-user/cris/cpu_loop.c b/linux-user/cris/cpu_loop.c
index b9085619c4..0d5d268609 100644
--- a/linux-user/cris/cpu_loop.c
+++ b/linux-user/cris/cpu_loop.c
@@ -37,16 +37,6 @@ void cpu_loop(CPUCRISState *env)
         process_queued_cpu_work(cs);
 
         switch (trapnr) {
-        case 0xaa:
-            {
-                info.si_signo = TARGET_SIGSEGV;
-                info.si_errno = 0;
-                /* XXX: check env->error_code */
-                info.si_code = TARGET_SEGV_MAPERR;
-                info._sifields._sigfault._addr = env->pregs[PR_EDA];
-                queue_signal(env, info.si_signo, QEMU_SI_FAULT, &info);
-            }
-            break;
         case EXCP_INTERRUPT:
           /* just indicate that signals should be handled asap */
           break;
diff --git a/linux-user/hexagon/cpu_loop.c b/linux-user/hexagon/cpu_loop.c
index bee2a9e4ea..6b24cbaba9 100644
--- a/linux-user/hexagon/cpu_loop.c
+++ b/linux-user/hexagon/cpu_loop.c
@@ -28,8 +28,7 @@
 void cpu_loop(CPUHexagonState *env)
 {
     CPUState *cs = env_cpu(env);
-    int trapnr, signum, sigcode;
-    target_ulong sigaddr;
+    int trapnr;
     target_ulong syscallnum;
     target_ulong ret;
 
@@ -39,10 +38,6 @@ void cpu_loop(CPUHexagonState *env)
         cpu_exec_end(cs);
         process_queued_cpu_work(cs);
 
-        signum = 0;
-        sigcode = 0;
-        sigaddr = 0;
-
         switch (trapnr) {
         case EXCP_INTERRUPT:
             /* just indicate that signals should be handled asap */
@@ -65,12 +60,6 @@ void cpu_loop(CPUHexagonState *env)
                 env->gpr[0] = ret;
             }
             break;
-        case HEX_EXCP_FETCH_NO_UPAGE:
-        case HEX_EXCP_PRIV_NO_UREAD:
-        case HEX_EXCP_PRIV_NO_UWRITE:
-            signum = TARGET_SIGSEGV;
-            sigcode = TARGET_SEGV_MAPERR;
-            break;
         case EXCP_ATOMIC:
             cpu_exec_step_atomic(cs);
             break;
@@ -79,17 +68,6 @@ void cpu_loop(CPUHexagonState *env)
                      trapnr);
             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
         }
-
-        if (signum) {
-            target_siginfo_t info = {
-                .si_signo = signum,
-                .si_errno = 0,
-                .si_code = sigcode,
-                ._sifields._sigfault._addr = sigaddr
-            };
-            queue_signal(env, info.si_signo, QEMU_SI_KILL, &info);
-        }
-
         process_pending_signals(env);
     }
 }
diff --git a/linux-user/host/aarch64/host-signal.h b/linux-user/host/aarch64/host-signal.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0c0b08383a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/linux-user/host/aarch64/host-signal.h
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/*
+ * host-signal.h: signal info dependent on the host architecture
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2003-2005 Fabrice Bellard
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 Linaro Limited
+ *
+ * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU LGPL, version 2.1 or later.
+ * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
+ */
+
+#ifndef AARCH64_HOST_SIGNAL_H
+#define AARCH64_HOST_SIGNAL_H
+
+/* Pre-3.16 kernel headers don't have these, so provide fallback definitions */
+#ifndef ESR_MAGIC
+#define ESR_MAGIC 0x45535201
+struct esr_context {
+    struct _aarch64_ctx head;
+    uint64_t esr;
+};
+#endif
+
+static inline struct _aarch64_ctx *first_ctx(ucontext_t *uc)
+{
+    return (struct _aarch64_ctx *)&uc->uc_mcontext.__reserved;
+}
+
+static inline struct _aarch64_ctx *next_ctx(struct _aarch64_ctx *hdr)
+{
+    return (struct _aarch64_ctx *)((char *)hdr + hdr->size);
+}
+
+static inline uintptr_t host_signal_pc(ucontext_t *uc)
+{
+    return uc->uc_mcontext.pc;
+}
+
+static inline bool host_signal_write(siginfo_t *info, ucontext_t *uc)
+{
+    struct _aarch64_ctx *hdr;
+    uint32_t insn;
+
+    /* Find the esr_context, which has the WnR bit in it */
+    for (hdr = first_ctx(uc); hdr->magic; hdr = next_ctx(hdr)) {
+        if (hdr->magic == ESR_MAGIC) {
+            struct esr_context const *ec = (struct esr_context const *)hdr;
+            uint64_t esr = ec->esr;
+
+            /* For data aborts ESR.EC is 0b10010x: then bit 6 is the WnR bit */
+            return extract32(esr, 27, 5) == 0x12 && extract32(esr, 6, 1) == 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Fall back to parsing instructions; will only be needed
+     * for really ancient (pre-3.16) kernels.
+     */
+    insn = *(uint32_t *)host_signal_pc(uc);
+
+    return (insn & 0xbfff0000) == 0x0c000000   /* C3.3.1 */
+        || (insn & 0xbfe00000) == 0x0c800000   /* C3.3.2 */
+        || (insn & 0xbfdf0000) == 0x0d000000   /* C3.3.3 */
+        || (insn & 0xbfc00000) == 0x0d800000   /* C3.3.4 */
+        || (insn & 0x3f400000) == 0x08000000   /* C3.3.6 */
+        || (insn & 0x3bc00000) == 0x39000000   /* C3.3.13 */
+        || (insn & 0x3fc00000) == 0x3d800000   /* ... 128bit */
+        /* Ignore bits 10, 11 & 21, controlling indexing.  */
+        || (insn & 0x3bc00000) == 0x38000000   /* C3.3.8-12 */
+        || (insn & 0x3fe00000) == 0x3c800000   /* ... 128bit */
+        /* Ignore bits 23 & 24, controlling indexing.  */
+        || (insn & 0x3a400000) == 0x28000000; /* C3.3.7,14-16 */
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/linux-user/host/alpha/host-signal.h b/linux-user/host/alpha/host-signal.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e080be412f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/linux-user/host/alpha/host-signal.h
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*
+ * host-signal.h: signal info dependent on the host architecture
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2003-2005 Fabrice Bellard
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 Linaro Limited
+ *
+ * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU LGPL, version 2.1 or later.
+ * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ALPHA_HOST_SIGNAL_H
+#define ALPHA_HOST_SIGNAL_H
+
+static inline uintptr_t host_signal_pc(ucontext_t *uc)
+{
+    return uc->uc_mcontext.sc_pc;
+}
+
+static inline bool host_signal_write(siginfo_t *info, ucontext_t *uc)
+{
+    uint32_t *pc = (uint32_t *)host_signal_pc(uc);
+    uint32_t insn = *pc;
+
+    /* XXX: need kernel patch to get write flag faster */
+    switch (insn >> 26) {
+    case 0x0d: /* stw */
+    case 0x0e: /* stb */
+    case 0x0f: /* stq_u */
+    case 0x24: /* stf */
+    case 0x25: /* stg */
+    case 0x26: /* sts */
+    case 0x27: /* stt */
+    case 0x2c: /* stl */
+    case 0x2d: /* stq */
+    case 0x2e: /* stl_c */
+    case 0x2f: /* stq_c */
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/linux-user/host/arm/host-signal.h b/linux-user/host/arm/host-signal.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..efb165c0c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/linux-user/host/arm/host-signal.h
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/*
+ * host-signal.h: signal info dependent on the host architecture
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2003-2005 Fabrice Bellard
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 Linaro Limited
+ *
+ * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU LGPL, version 2.1 or later.
+ * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ARM_HOST_SIGNAL_H
+#define ARM_HOST_SIGNAL_H
+
+static inline uintptr_t host_signal_pc(ucontext_t *uc)
+{
+    return uc->uc_mcontext.arm_pc;
+}
+
+static inline bool host_signal_write(siginfo_t *info, ucontext_t *uc)
+{
+    /*
+     * In the FSR, bit 11 is WnR, assuming a v6 or
+     * later processor.  On v5 we will always report
+     * this as a read, which will fail later.
+     */
+    uint32_t fsr = uc->uc_mcontext.error_code;
+    return extract32(fsr, 11, 1);
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/linux-user/host/i386/host-signal.h b/linux-user/host/i386/host-signal.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4c8eef99ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/linux-user/host/i386/host-signal.h
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*
+ * host-signal.h: signal info dependent on the host architecture
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2003-2005 Fabrice Bellard
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 Linaro Limited
+ *
+ * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU LGPL, version 2.1 or later.
+ * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
+ */
+
+#ifndef I386_HOST_SIGNAL_H
+#define I386_HOST_SIGNAL_H
+
+static inline uintptr_t host_signal_pc(ucontext_t *uc)
+{
+    return uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_EIP];
+}
+
+static inline bool host_signal_write(siginfo_t *info, ucontext_t *uc)
+{
+    return uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_TRAPNO] == 0xe
+        && (uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_ERR] & 0x2);
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/linux-user/host/mips/host-signal.h b/linux-user/host/mips/host-signal.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ef341f7c20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/linux-user/host/mips/host-signal.h
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/*
+ * host-signal.h: signal info dependent on the host architecture
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2003-2005 Fabrice Bellard
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 Linaro Limited
+ *
+ * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU LGPL, version 2.1 or later.
+ * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
+ */
+
+#ifndef MIPS_HOST_SIGNAL_H
+#define MIPS_HOST_SIGNAL_H
+
+static inline uintptr_t host_signal_pc(ucontext_t *uc)
+{
+    return uc->uc_mcontext.pc;
+}
+
+#if defined(__misp16) || defined(__mips_micromips)
+#error "Unsupported encoding"
+#endif
+
+static inline bool host_signal_write(siginfo_t *info, ucontext_t *uc)
+{
+    uint32_t insn = *(uint32_t *)host_signal_pc(uc);
+
+    /* Detect all store instructions at program counter. */
+    switch ((insn >> 26) & 077) {
+    case 050: /* SB */
+    case 051: /* SH */
+    case 052: /* SWL */
+    case 053: /* SW */
+    case 054: /* SDL */
+    case 055: /* SDR */
+    case 056: /* SWR */
+    case 070: /* SC */
+    case 071: /* SWC1 */
+    case 074: /* SCD */
+    case 075: /* SDC1 */
+    case 077: /* SD */
+#if !defined(__mips_isa_rev) || __mips_isa_rev < 6
+    case 072: /* SWC2 */
+    case 076: /* SDC2 */
+#endif
+        return true;
+    case 023: /* COP1X */
+        /*
+         * Required in all versions of MIPS64 since
+         * MIPS64r1 and subsequent versions of MIPS32r2.
+         */
+        switch (insn & 077) {
+        case 010: /* SWXC1 */
+        case 011: /* SDXC1 */
+        case 015: /* SUXC1 */
+            return true;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/linux-user/host/ppc/host-signal.h b/linux-user/host/ppc/host-signal.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a491c413dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/linux-user/host/ppc/host-signal.h
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*
+ * host-signal.h: signal info dependent on the host architecture
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2003-2005 Fabrice Bellard
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 Linaro Limited
+ *
+ * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU LGPL, version 2.1 or later.
+ * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
+ */
+
+#ifndef PPC_HOST_SIGNAL_H
+#define PPC_HOST_SIGNAL_H
+
+static inline uintptr_t host_signal_pc(ucontext_t *uc)
+{
+    return uc->uc_mcontext.regs->nip;
+}
+
+static inline bool host_signal_write(siginfo_t *info, ucontext_t *uc)
+{
+    return uc->uc_mcontext.regs->trap != 0x400
+        && (uc->uc_mcontext.regs->dsisr & 0x02000000);
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/linux-user/host/ppc64/host-signal.h b/linux-user/host/ppc64/host-signal.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a353c22a90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/linux-user/host/ppc64/host-signal.h
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+#include "../ppc/host-signal.h"
diff --git a/linux-user/host/riscv/host-signal.h b/linux-user/host/riscv/host-signal.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3b168cb58b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/linux-user/host/riscv/host-signal.h
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+/*
+ * host-signal.h: signal info dependent on the host architecture
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2003-2005 Fabrice Bellard
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 Linaro Limited
+ *
+ * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU LGPL, version 2.1 or later.
+ * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
+ */
+
+#ifndef RISCV_HOST_SIGNAL_H
+#define RISCV_HOST_SIGNAL_H
+
+static inline uintptr_t host_signal_pc(ucontext_t *uc)
+{
+    return uc->uc_mcontext.__gregs[REG_PC];
+}
+
+static inline bool host_signal_write(siginfo_t *info, ucontext_t *uc)
+{
+    /*
+     * Detect store by reading the instruction at the program counter.
+     * Do not read more than 16 bits, because we have not yet determined
+     * the size of the instruction.
+     */
+    const uint16_t *pinsn = (const uint16_t *)host_signal_pc(uc);
+    uint16_t insn = pinsn[0];
+
+    /* 16-bit instructions */
+    switch (insn & 0xe003) {
+    case 0xa000: /* c.fsd */
+    case 0xc000: /* c.sw */
+    case 0xe000: /* c.sd (rv64) / c.fsw (rv32) */
+    case 0xa002: /* c.fsdsp */
+    case 0xc002: /* c.swsp */
+    case 0xe002: /* c.sdsp (rv64) / c.fswsp (rv32) */
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /* 32-bit instructions, major opcodes */
+    switch (insn & 0x7f) {
+    case 0x23: /* store */
+    case 0x27: /* store-fp */
+        return true;
+    case 0x2f: /* amo */
+        /*
+         * The AMO function code is in bits 25-31, unread as yet.
+         * The AMO functions are LR (read), SC (write), and the
+         * rest are all read-modify-write.
+         */
+        insn = pinsn[1];
+        return (insn >> 11) != 2; /* LR */
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/linux-user/host/riscv64/hostdep.h b/linux-user/host/riscv/hostdep.h
index 865f0fb9ff..2ba07456ae 100644
--- a/linux-user/host/riscv64/hostdep.h
+++ b/linux-user/host/riscv/hostdep.h
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
  * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
  */
 
-#ifndef RISCV64_HOSTDEP_H
-#define RISCV64_HOSTDEP_H
+#ifndef RISCV_HOSTDEP_H
+#define RISCV_HOSTDEP_H
 
 /* We have a safe-syscall.inc.S */
 #define HAVE_SAFE_SYSCALL
diff --git a/linux-user/host/riscv64/safe-syscall.inc.S b/linux-user/host/riscv/safe-syscall.inc.S
index 9ca3fbfd1e..9ca3fbfd1e 100644
--- a/linux-user/host/riscv64/safe-syscall.inc.S
+++ b/linux-user/host/riscv/safe-syscall.inc.S
diff --git a/linux-user/host/riscv32/hostdep.h b/linux-user/host/riscv32/hostdep.h
deleted file mode 100644
index adf9edbf2d..0000000000
--- a/linux-user/host/riscv32/hostdep.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * hostdep.h : things which are dependent on the host architecture
- *
- * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
- * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
- */
-
-#ifndef RISCV32_HOSTDEP_H
-#define RISCV32_HOSTDEP_H
-
-#endif
diff --git a/linux-user/host/s390/host-signal.h b/linux-user/host/s390/host-signal.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..26990e4893
--- /dev/null
+++ b/linux-user/host/s390/host-signal.h
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+/*
+ * host-signal.h: signal info dependent on the host architecture
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2003-2005 Fabrice Bellard
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 Linaro Limited
+ *
+ * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU LGPL, version 2.1 or later.
+ * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
+ */
+
+#ifndef S390_HOST_SIGNAL_H
+#define S390_HOST_SIGNAL_H
+
+static inline uintptr_t host_signal_pc(ucontext_t *uc)
+{
+    return uc->uc_mcontext.psw.addr;
+}
+
+static inline bool host_signal_write(siginfo_t *info, ucontext_t *uc)
+{
+    uint16_t *pinsn = (uint16_t *)host_signal_pc(uc);
+
+    /*
+     * ??? On linux, the non-rt signal handler has 4 (!) arguments instead
+     * of the normal 2 arguments.  The 4th argument contains the "Translation-
+     * Exception Identification for DAT Exceptions" from the hardware (aka
+     * "int_parm_long"), which does in fact contain the is_write value.
+     * The rt signal handler, as far as I can tell, does not give this value
+     * at all.  Not that we could get to it from here even if it were.
+     * So fall back to parsing instructions.  Treat read-modify-write ones as
+     * writes, which is not fully correct, but for tracking self-modifying code
+     * this is better than treating them as reads.  Checking si_addr page flags
+     * might be a viable improvement, albeit a racy one.
+     */
+    /* ??? This is not even close to complete.  */
+    switch (pinsn[0] >> 8) {
+    case 0x50: /* ST */
+    case 0x42: /* STC */
+    case 0x40: /* STH */
+    case 0xba: /* CS */
+    case 0xbb: /* CDS */
+        return true;
+    case 0xc4: /* RIL format insns */
+        switch (pinsn[0] & 0xf) {
+        case 0xf: /* STRL */
+        case 0xb: /* STGRL */
+        case 0x7: /* STHRL */
+            return true;
+        }
+        break;
+    case 0xc8: /* SSF format insns */
+        switch (pinsn[0] & 0xf) {
+        case 0x2: /* CSST */
+            return true;
+        }
+        break;
+    case 0xe3: /* RXY format insns */
+        switch (pinsn[2] & 0xff) {
+        case 0x50: /* STY */
+        case 0x24: /* STG */
+        case 0x72: /* STCY */
+        case 0x70: /* STHY */
+        case 0x8e: /* STPQ */
+        case 0x3f: /* STRVH */
+        case 0x3e: /* STRV */
+        case 0x2f: /* STRVG */
+            return true;
+        }
+        break;
+    case 0xeb: /* RSY format insns */
+        switch (pinsn[2] & 0xff) {
+        case 0x14: /* CSY */
+        case 0x30: /* CSG */
+        case 0x31: /* CDSY */
+        case 0x3e: /* CDSG */
+        case 0xe4: /* LANG */
+        case 0xe6: /* LAOG */
+        case 0xe7: /* LAXG */
+        case 0xe8: /* LAAG */
+        case 0xea: /* LAALG */
+        case 0xf4: /* LAN */
+        case 0xf6: /* LAO */
+        case 0xf7: /* LAX */
+        case 0xfa: /* LAAL */
+        case 0xf8: /* LAA */
+            return true;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/linux-user/host/s390x/host-signal.h b/linux-user/host/s390x/host-signal.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0e83f9358d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/linux-user/host/s390x/host-signal.h
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+#include "../s390/host-signal.h"
diff --git a/linux-user/host/sparc/host-signal.h b/linux-user/host/sparc/host-signal.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5e71d33f8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/linux-user/host/sparc/host-signal.h
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/*
+ * host-signal.h: signal info dependent on the host architecture
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2003-2005 Fabrice Bellard
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 Linaro Limited
+ *
+ * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU LGPL, version 2.1 or later.
+ * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
+ */
+
+#ifndef SPARC_HOST_SIGNAL_H
+#define SPARC_HOST_SIGNAL_H
+
+static inline uintptr_t host_signal_pc(ucontext_t *uc)
+{
+#ifdef __arch64__
+    return uc->uc_mcontext.mc_gregs[MC_PC];
+#else
+    return uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_PC];
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline bool host_signal_write(siginfo_t *info, ucontext_t *uc)
+{
+    uint32_t insn = *(uint32_t *)host_signal_pc(uc);
+
+    if ((insn >> 30) == 3) {
+        switch ((insn >> 19) & 0x3f) {
+        case 0x05: /* stb */
+        case 0x15: /* stba */
+        case 0x06: /* sth */
+        case 0x16: /* stha */
+        case 0x04: /* st */
+        case 0x14: /* sta */
+        case 0x07: /* std */
+        case 0x17: /* stda */
+        case 0x0e: /* stx */
+        case 0x1e: /* stxa */
+        case 0x24: /* stf */
+        case 0x34: /* stfa */
+        case 0x27: /* stdf */
+        case 0x37: /* stdfa */
+        case 0x26: /* stqf */
+        case 0x36: /* stqfa */
+        case 0x25: /* stfsr */
+        case 0x3c: /* casa */
+        case 0x3e: /* casxa */
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/linux-user/host/sparc64/host-signal.h b/linux-user/host/sparc64/host-signal.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1191fe2d40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/linux-user/host/sparc64/host-signal.h
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+#include "../sparc/host-signal.h"
diff --git a/linux-user/host/x32/host-signal.h b/linux-user/host/x32/host-signal.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..26800591d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/linux-user/host/x32/host-signal.h
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+#include "../x86_64/host-signal.h"
diff --git a/linux-user/host/x86_64/host-signal.h b/linux-user/host/x86_64/host-signal.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..883d2fcf65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/linux-user/host/x86_64/host-signal.h
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/*
+ * host-signal.h: signal info dependent on the host architecture
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 Linaro Limited
+ *
+ * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
+ * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
+ */
+
+#ifndef X86_64_HOST_SIGNAL_H
+#define X86_64_HOST_SIGNAL_H
+
+static inline uintptr_t host_signal_pc(ucontext_t *uc)
+{
+    return uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_RIP];
+}
+
+static inline bool host_signal_write(siginfo_t *info, ucontext_t *uc)
+{
+    return uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_TRAPNO] == 0xe
+        && (uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_ERR] & 0x2);
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/linux-user/hppa/cpu_loop.c b/linux-user/hppa/cpu_loop.c
index 81607a9b27..375576c8f0 100644
--- a/linux-user/hppa/cpu_loop.c
+++ b/linux-user/hppa/cpu_loop.c
@@ -144,29 +144,6 @@ void cpu_loop(CPUHPPAState *env)
             env->iaoq_f = env->gr[31];
             env->iaoq_b = env->gr[31] + 4;
             break;
-        case EXCP_ITLB_MISS:
-        case EXCP_DTLB_MISS:
-        case EXCP_NA_ITLB_MISS:
-        case EXCP_NA_DTLB_MISS:
-        case EXCP_IMP:
-        case EXCP_DMP:
-        case EXCP_DMB:
-        case EXCP_PAGE_REF:
-        case EXCP_DMAR:
-        case EXCP_DMPI:
-            info.si_signo = TARGET_SIGSEGV;
-            info.si_errno = 0;
-            info.si_code = TARGET_SEGV_ACCERR;
-            info._sifields._sigfault._addr = env->cr[CR_IOR];
-            queue_signal(env, info.si_signo, QEMU_SI_FAULT, &info);
-            break;
-        case EXCP_UNALIGN:
-            info.si_signo = TARGET_SIGBUS;
-            info.si_errno = 0;
-            info.si_code = 0;
-            info._sifields._sigfault._addr = env->cr[CR_IOR];
-            queue_signal(env, info.si_signo, QEMU_SI_FAULT, &info);
-            break;
         case EXCP_ILL:
         case EXCP_PRIV_OPR:
         case EXCP_PRIV_REG:
diff --git a/linux-user/m68k/cpu_loop.c b/linux-user/m68k/cpu_loop.c
index ebf32be78f..790bd558c3 100644
--- a/linux-user/m68k/cpu_loop.c
+++ b/linux-user/m68k/cpu_loop.c
@@ -90,16 +90,6 @@ void cpu_loop(CPUM68KState *env)
         case EXCP_INTERRUPT:
             /* just indicate that signals should be handled asap */
             break;
-        case EXCP_ACCESS:
-            {
-                info.si_signo = TARGET_SIGSEGV;
-                info.si_errno = 0;
-                /* XXX: check env->error_code */
-                info.si_code = TARGET_SEGV_MAPERR;
-                info._sifields._sigfault._addr = env->mmu.ar;
-                queue_signal(env, info.si_signo, QEMU_SI_FAULT, &info);
-            }
-            break;
         case EXCP_DEBUG:
             info.si_signo = TARGET_SIGTRAP;
             info.si_errno = 0;
diff --git a/linux-user/microblaze/cpu_loop.c b/linux-user/microblaze/cpu_loop.c
index 52222eb93f..a94467dd2d 100644
--- a/linux-user/microblaze/cpu_loop.c
+++ b/linux-user/microblaze/cpu_loop.c
@@ -37,16 +37,6 @@ void cpu_loop(CPUMBState *env)
         process_queued_cpu_work(cs);
 
         switch (trapnr) {
-        case 0xaa:
-            {
-                info.si_signo = TARGET_SIGSEGV;
-                info.si_errno = 0;
-                /* XXX: check env->error_code */
-                info.si_code = TARGET_SEGV_MAPERR;
-                info._sifields._sigfault._addr = 0;
-                queue_signal(env, info.si_signo, QEMU_SI_FAULT, &info);
-            }
-            break;
         case EXCP_INTERRUPT:
           /* just indicate that signals should be handled asap */
           break;
diff --git a/linux-user/mips/cpu_loop.c b/linux-user/mips/cpu_loop.c
index cb03fb066b..b735c99a24 100644
--- a/linux-user/mips/cpu_loop.c
+++ b/linux-user/mips/cpu_loop.c
@@ -158,17 +158,6 @@ done_syscall:
             }
             env->active_tc.gpr[2] = ret;
             break;
-        case EXCP_TLBL:
-        case EXCP_TLBS:
-        case EXCP_AdEL:
-        case EXCP_AdES:
-            info.si_signo = TARGET_SIGSEGV;
-            info.si_errno = 0;
-            /* XXX: check env->error_code */
-            info.si_code = TARGET_SEGV_MAPERR;
-            info._sifields._sigfault._addr = env->CP0_BadVAddr;
-            queue_signal(env, info.si_signo, QEMU_SI_FAULT, &info);
-            break;
         case EXCP_CpU:
         case EXCP_RI:
             info.si_signo = TARGET_SIGILL;
diff --git a/linux-user/openrisc/cpu_loop.c b/linux-user/openrisc/cpu_loop.c
index f6360db47c..3cfdbbf037 100644
--- a/linux-user/openrisc/cpu_loop.c
+++ b/linux-user/openrisc/cpu_loop.c
@@ -54,15 +54,6 @@ void cpu_loop(CPUOpenRISCState *env)
                 cpu_set_gpr(env, 11, ret);
             }
             break;
-        case EXCP_DPF:
-        case EXCP_IPF:
-        case EXCP_RANGE:
-            info.si_signo = TARGET_SIGSEGV;
-            info.si_errno = 0;
-            info.si_code = TARGET_SEGV_MAPERR;
-            info._sifields._sigfault._addr = env->pc;
-            queue_signal(env, info.si_signo, QEMU_SI_FAULT, &info);
-            break;
         case EXCP_ALIGN:
             info.si_signo = TARGET_SIGBUS;
             info.si_errno = 0;
@@ -77,13 +68,6 @@ void cpu_loop(CPUOpenRISCState *env)
             info._sifields._sigfault._addr = env->pc;
             queue_signal(env, info.si_signo, QEMU_SI_FAULT, &info);
             break;
-        case EXCP_FPE:
-            info.si_signo = TARGET_SIGFPE;
-            info.si_errno = 0;
-            info.si_code = 0;
-            info._sifields._sigfault._addr = env->pc;
-            queue_signal(env, info.si_signo, QEMU_SI_FAULT, &info);
-            break;
         case EXCP_INTERRUPT:
             /* We processed the pending cpu work above.  */
             break;
@@ -96,6 +80,15 @@ void cpu_loop(CPUOpenRISCState *env)
         case EXCP_ATOMIC:
             cpu_exec_step_atomic(cs);
             break;
+        case EXCP_RANGE:
+            /* Requires SR.OVE set, which linux-user won't do. */
+            cpu_abort(cs, "Unexpected RANGE exception");
+        case EXCP_FPE:
+            /*
+             * Requires FPSCR.FPEE set.  Writes to FPSCR from usermode not
+             * yet enabled in kernel ABI, so linux-user does not either.
+             */
+            cpu_abort(cs, "Unexpected FPE exception");
         default:
             g_assert_not_reached();
         }
diff --git a/linux-user/ppc/cpu_loop.c b/linux-user/ppc/cpu_loop.c
index 840b23736b..483e669300 100644
--- a/linux-user/ppc/cpu_loop.c
+++ b/linux-user/ppc/cpu_loop.c
@@ -162,14 +162,6 @@ void cpu_loop(CPUPPCState *env)
             cpu_abort(cs, "External interrupt while in user mode. "
                       "Aborting\n");
             break;
-        case POWERPC_EXCP_ALIGN:    /* Alignment exception                   */
-            /* XXX: check this */
-            info.si_signo = TARGET_SIGBUS;
-            info.si_errno = 0;
-            info.si_code = TARGET_BUS_ADRALN;
-            info._sifields._sigfault._addr = env->nip;
-            queue_signal(env, info.si_signo, QEMU_SI_FAULT, &info);
-            break;
         case POWERPC_EXCP_PROGRAM:  /* Program exception                     */
         case POWERPC_EXCP_HV_EMU:   /* HV emulation                          */
             /* XXX: check this */
diff --git a/linux-user/riscv/cpu_loop.c b/linux-user/riscv/cpu_loop.c
index e5bb6d908a..b301dac802 100644
--- a/linux-user/riscv/cpu_loop.c
+++ b/linux-user/riscv/cpu_loop.c
@@ -87,13 +87,6 @@ void cpu_loop(CPURISCVState *env)
             sigcode = TARGET_TRAP_BRKPT;
             sigaddr = env->pc;
             break;
-        case RISCV_EXCP_INST_PAGE_FAULT:
-        case RISCV_EXCP_LOAD_PAGE_FAULT:
-        case RISCV_EXCP_STORE_PAGE_FAULT:
-            signum = TARGET_SIGSEGV;
-            sigcode = TARGET_SEGV_MAPERR;
-            sigaddr = env->badaddr;
-            break;
         case RISCV_EXCP_SEMIHOST:
             env->gpr[xA0] = do_common_semihosting(cs);
             env->pc += 4;
diff --git a/linux-user/s390x/cpu_loop.c b/linux-user/s390x/cpu_loop.c
index 69b69981f6..d089c8417e 100644
--- a/linux-user/s390x/cpu_loop.c
+++ b/linux-user/s390x/cpu_loop.c
@@ -24,8 +24,6 @@
 #include "cpu_loop-common.h"
 #include "signal-common.h"
 
-/* s390x masks the fault address it reports in si_addr for SIGSEGV and SIGBUS */
-#define S390X_FAIL_ADDR_MASK -4096LL
 
 static int get_pgm_data_si_code(int dxc_code)
 {
@@ -111,12 +109,13 @@ void cpu_loop(CPUS390XState *env)
                 n = TARGET_ILL_ILLOPC;
                 goto do_signal_pc;
             case PGM_PROTECTION:
+                force_sig_fault(TARGET_SIGSEGV, TARGET_SEGV_ACCERR,
+                                env->__excp_addr);
+                break;
             case PGM_ADDRESSING:
-                sig = TARGET_SIGSEGV;
-                /* XXX: check env->error_code */
-                n = TARGET_SEGV_MAPERR;
-                addr = env->__excp_addr & S390X_FAIL_ADDR_MASK;
-                goto do_signal;
+                force_sig_fault(TARGET_SIGSEGV, TARGET_SEGV_MAPERR,
+                                env->__excp_addr);
+                break;
             case PGM_EXECUTE:
             case PGM_SPECIFICATION:
             case PGM_SPECIAL_OP:
diff --git a/linux-user/sh4/cpu_loop.c b/linux-user/sh4/cpu_loop.c
index 65b8972e3c..ac9b01840c 100644
--- a/linux-user/sh4/cpu_loop.c
+++ b/linux-user/sh4/cpu_loop.c
@@ -65,14 +65,6 @@ void cpu_loop(CPUSH4State *env)
             info.si_code = TARGET_TRAP_BRKPT;
             queue_signal(env, info.si_signo, QEMU_SI_FAULT, &info);
             break;
-        case 0xa0:
-        case 0xc0:
-            info.si_signo = TARGET_SIGSEGV;
-            info.si_errno = 0;
-            info.si_code = TARGET_SEGV_MAPERR;
-            info._sifields._sigfault._addr = env->tea;
-            queue_signal(env, info.si_signo, QEMU_SI_FAULT, &info);
-            break;
         case EXCP_ATOMIC:
             cpu_exec_step_atomic(cs);
             arch_interrupt = false;
diff --git a/linux-user/signal.c b/linux-user/signal.c
index 14d8fdfde1..81c45bfce9 100644
--- a/linux-user/signal.c
+++ b/linux-user/signal.c
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
 #include "qemu/bitops.h"
 #include "exec/gdbstub.h"
+#include "hw/core/tcg-cpu-ops.h"
 
 #include <sys/ucontext.h>
 #include <sys/resource.h>
@@ -29,6 +30,7 @@
 #include "loader.h"
 #include "trace.h"
 #include "signal-common.h"
+#include "host-signal.h"
 
 static struct target_sigaction sigact_table[TARGET_NSIG];
 
@@ -686,9 +688,38 @@ void force_sigsegv(int oldsig)
     }
     force_sig(TARGET_SIGSEGV);
 }
-
 #endif
 
+void cpu_loop_exit_sigsegv(CPUState *cpu, target_ulong addr,
+                           MMUAccessType access_type, bool maperr, uintptr_t ra)
+{
+    const struct TCGCPUOps *tcg_ops = CPU_GET_CLASS(cpu)->tcg_ops;
+
+    if (tcg_ops->record_sigsegv) {
+        tcg_ops->record_sigsegv(cpu, addr, access_type, maperr, ra);
+    }
+
+    force_sig_fault(TARGET_SIGSEGV,
+                    maperr ? TARGET_SEGV_MAPERR : TARGET_SEGV_ACCERR,
+                    addr);
+    cpu->exception_index = EXCP_INTERRUPT;
+    cpu_loop_exit_restore(cpu, ra);
+}
+
+void cpu_loop_exit_sigbus(CPUState *cpu, target_ulong addr,
+                          MMUAccessType access_type, uintptr_t ra)
+{
+    const struct TCGCPUOps *tcg_ops = CPU_GET_CLASS(cpu)->tcg_ops;
+
+    if (tcg_ops->record_sigbus) {
+        tcg_ops->record_sigbus(cpu, addr, access_type, ra);
+    }
+
+    force_sig_fault(TARGET_SIGBUS, TARGET_BUS_ADRALN, addr);
+    cpu->exception_index = EXCP_INTERRUPT;
+    cpu_loop_exit_restore(cpu, ra);
+}
+
 /* abort execution with signal */
 static void QEMU_NORETURN dump_core_and_abort(int target_sig)
 {
@@ -769,41 +800,101 @@ static inline void rewind_if_in_safe_syscall(void *puc)
 }
 #endif
 
-static void host_signal_handler(int host_signum, siginfo_t *info,
-                                void *puc)
+static void host_signal_handler(int host_sig, siginfo_t *info, void *puc)
 {
     CPUArchState *env = thread_cpu->env_ptr;
     CPUState *cpu = env_cpu(env);
     TaskState *ts = cpu->opaque;
-
-    int sig;
     target_siginfo_t tinfo;
     ucontext_t *uc = puc;
     struct emulated_sigtable *k;
+    int guest_sig;
+    uintptr_t pc = 0;
+    bool sync_sig = false;
+
+    /*
+     * Non-spoofed SIGSEGV and SIGBUS are synchronous, and need special
+     * handling wrt signal blocking and unwinding.
+     */
+    if ((host_sig == SIGSEGV || host_sig == SIGBUS) && info->si_code > 0) {
+        MMUAccessType access_type;
+        uintptr_t host_addr;
+        abi_ptr guest_addr;
+        bool is_write;
+
+        host_addr = (uintptr_t)info->si_addr;
+
+        /*
+         * Convert forcefully to guest address space: addresses outside
+         * reserved_va are still valid to report via SEGV_MAPERR.
+         */
+        guest_addr = h2g_nocheck(host_addr);
 
-    /* the CPU emulator uses some host signals to detect exceptions,
-       we forward to it some signals */
-    if ((host_signum == SIGSEGV || host_signum == SIGBUS)
-        && info->si_code > 0) {
-        if (cpu_signal_handler(host_signum, info, puc))
-            return;
+        pc = host_signal_pc(uc);
+        is_write = host_signal_write(info, uc);
+        access_type = adjust_signal_pc(&pc, is_write);
+
+        if (host_sig == SIGSEGV) {
+            bool maperr = true;
+
+            if (info->si_code == SEGV_ACCERR && h2g_valid(host_addr)) {
+                /* If this was a write to a TB protected page, restart. */
+                if (is_write &&
+                    handle_sigsegv_accerr_write(cpu, &uc->uc_sigmask,
+                                                pc, guest_addr)) {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                /*
+                 * With reserved_va, the whole address space is PROT_NONE,
+                 * which means that we may get ACCERR when we want MAPERR.
+                 */
+                if (page_get_flags(guest_addr) & PAGE_VALID) {
+                    maperr = false;
+                } else {
+                    info->si_code = SEGV_MAPERR;
+                }
+            }
+
+            sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &uc->uc_sigmask, NULL);
+            cpu_loop_exit_sigsegv(cpu, guest_addr, access_type, maperr, pc);
+        } else {
+            sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &uc->uc_sigmask, NULL);
+            if (info->si_code == BUS_ADRALN) {
+                cpu_loop_exit_sigbus(cpu, guest_addr, access_type, pc);
+            }
+        }
+
+        sync_sig = true;
     }
 
     /* get target signal number */
-    sig = host_to_target_signal(host_signum);
-    if (sig < 1 || sig > TARGET_NSIG)
+    guest_sig = host_to_target_signal(host_sig);
+    if (guest_sig < 1 || guest_sig > TARGET_NSIG) {
         return;
-    trace_user_host_signal(env, host_signum, sig);
-
-    rewind_if_in_safe_syscall(puc);
+    }
+    trace_user_host_signal(env, host_sig, guest_sig);
 
     host_to_target_siginfo_noswap(&tinfo, info);
-    k = &ts->sigtab[sig - 1];
+    k = &ts->sigtab[guest_sig - 1];
     k->info = tinfo;
-    k->pending = sig;
+    k->pending = guest_sig;
     ts->signal_pending = 1;
 
-    /* Block host signals until target signal handler entered. We
+    /*
+     * For synchronous signals, unwind the cpu state to the faulting
+     * insn and then exit back to the main loop so that the signal
+     * is delivered immediately.
+     */
+    if (sync_sig) {
+        cpu->exception_index = EXCP_INTERRUPT;
+        cpu_loop_exit_restore(cpu, pc);
+    }
+
+    rewind_if_in_safe_syscall(puc);
+
+    /*
+     * Block host signals until target signal handler entered. We
      * can't block SIGSEGV or SIGBUS while we're executing guest
      * code in case the guest code provokes one in the window between
      * now and it getting out to the main loop. Signals will be
diff --git a/linux-user/sparc/cpu_loop.c b/linux-user/sparc/cpu_loop.c
index ad29b4eb6a..0ba65e431c 100644
--- a/linux-user/sparc/cpu_loop.c
+++ b/linux-user/sparc/cpu_loop.c
@@ -219,17 +219,6 @@ void cpu_loop (CPUSPARCState *env)
         case TT_WIN_UNF: /* window underflow */
             restore_window(env);
             break;
-        case TT_TFAULT:
-        case TT_DFAULT:
-            {
-                info.si_signo = TARGET_SIGSEGV;
-                info.si_errno = 0;
-                /* XXX: check env->error_code */
-                info.si_code = TARGET_SEGV_MAPERR;
-                info._sifields._sigfault._addr = env->mmuregs[4];
-                queue_signal(env, info.si_signo, QEMU_SI_FAULT, &info);
-            }
-            break;
 #else
         case TT_SPILL: /* window overflow */
             save_window(env);
@@ -237,20 +226,6 @@ void cpu_loop (CPUSPARCState *env)
         case TT_FILL: /* window underflow */
             restore_window(env);
             break;
-        case TT_TFAULT:
-        case TT_DFAULT:
-            {
-                info.si_signo = TARGET_SIGSEGV;
-                info.si_errno = 0;
-                /* XXX: check env->error_code */
-                info.si_code = TARGET_SEGV_MAPERR;
-                if (trapnr == TT_DFAULT)
-                    info._sifields._sigfault._addr = env->dmmu.mmuregs[4];
-                else
-                    info._sifields._sigfault._addr = cpu_tsptr(env)->tpc;
-                queue_signal(env, info.si_signo, QEMU_SI_FAULT, &info);
-            }
-            break;
 #ifndef TARGET_ABI32
         case 0x16e:
             flush_windows(env);
diff --git a/linux-user/xtensa/cpu_loop.c b/linux-user/xtensa/cpu_loop.c
index 622afbcd34..a83490ab35 100644
--- a/linux-user/xtensa/cpu_loop.c
+++ b/linux-user/xtensa/cpu_loop.c
@@ -226,15 +226,6 @@ void cpu_loop(CPUXtensaState *env)
                 queue_signal(env, info.si_signo, QEMU_SI_FAULT, &info);
                 break;
 
-            case LOAD_PROHIBITED_CAUSE:
-            case STORE_PROHIBITED_CAUSE:
-                info.si_signo = TARGET_SIGSEGV;
-                info.si_errno = 0;
-                info.si_code = TARGET_SEGV_ACCERR;
-                info._sifields._sigfault._addr = env->sregs[EXCVADDR];
-                queue_signal(env, info.si_signo, QEMU_SI_FAULT, &info);
-                break;
-
             default:
                 fprintf(stderr, "exccause = %d\n", env->sregs[EXCCAUSE]);
                 g_assert_not_reached();
diff --git a/meson.build b/meson.build
index 85f1e43dfe..bc918fbe58 100644
--- a/meson.build
+++ b/meson.build
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ have_block = have_system or have_tools
 python = import('python').find_installation()
 
 supported_oses = ['windows', 'freebsd', 'netbsd', 'openbsd', 'darwin', 'sunos', 'linux']
-supported_cpus = ['ppc', 'ppc64', 's390x', 'riscv32', 'riscv64', 'x86', 'x86_64',
+supported_cpus = ['ppc', 'ppc64', 's390x', 'riscv', 'x86', 'x86_64',
   'arm', 'aarch64', 'mips', 'mips64', 'sparc', 'sparc64']
 
 cpu = host_machine.cpu_family()
@@ -351,8 +351,6 @@ if not get_option('tcg').disabled()
     tcg_arch = 'i386'
   elif config_host['ARCH'] == 'ppc64'
     tcg_arch = 'ppc'
-  elif config_host['ARCH'] in ['riscv32', 'riscv64']
-    tcg_arch = 'riscv'
   endif
   add_project_arguments('-iquote', meson.current_source_dir() / 'tcg' / tcg_arch,
                         language: ['c', 'cpp', 'objc'])
diff --git a/target/alpha/cpu.c b/target/alpha/cpu.c
index 93e16a2ffb..a8990d401b 100644
--- a/target/alpha/cpu.c
+++ b/target/alpha/cpu.c
@@ -218,9 +218,12 @@ static const struct SysemuCPUOps alpha_sysemu_ops = {
 
 static const struct TCGCPUOps alpha_tcg_ops = {
     .initialize = alpha_translate_init,
-    .tlb_fill = alpha_cpu_tlb_fill,
 
-#ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
+#ifdef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
+    .record_sigsegv = alpha_cpu_record_sigsegv,
+    .record_sigbus = alpha_cpu_record_sigbus,
+#else
+    .tlb_fill = alpha_cpu_tlb_fill,
     .cpu_exec_interrupt = alpha_cpu_exec_interrupt,
     .do_interrupt = alpha_cpu_do_interrupt,
     .do_transaction_failed = alpha_cpu_do_transaction_failed,
diff --git a/target/alpha/cpu.h b/target/alpha/cpu.h
index 772828cc26..afd975c878 100644
--- a/target/alpha/cpu.h
+++ b/target/alpha/cpu.h
@@ -282,9 +282,6 @@ void alpha_cpu_dump_state(CPUState *cs, FILE *f, int flags);
 hwaddr alpha_cpu_get_phys_page_debug(CPUState *cpu, vaddr addr);
 int alpha_cpu_gdb_read_register(CPUState *cpu, GByteArray *buf, int reg);
 int alpha_cpu_gdb_write_register(CPUState *cpu, uint8_t *buf, int reg);
-void alpha_cpu_do_unaligned_access(CPUState *cpu, vaddr addr,
-                                   MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
-                                   uintptr_t retaddr) QEMU_NORETURN;
 
 #define cpu_list alpha_cpu_list
 
@@ -439,9 +436,6 @@ void alpha_translate_init(void);
 #define CPU_RESOLVING_TYPE TYPE_ALPHA_CPU
 
 void alpha_cpu_list(void);
-bool alpha_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
-                        MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
-                        bool probe, uintptr_t retaddr);
 void QEMU_NORETURN dynamic_excp(CPUAlphaState *, uintptr_t, int, int);
 void QEMU_NORETURN arith_excp(CPUAlphaState *, uintptr_t, int, uint64_t);
 
@@ -449,7 +443,20 @@ uint64_t cpu_alpha_load_fpcr (CPUAlphaState *env);
 void cpu_alpha_store_fpcr (CPUAlphaState *env, uint64_t val);
 uint64_t cpu_alpha_load_gr(CPUAlphaState *env, unsigned reg);
 void cpu_alpha_store_gr(CPUAlphaState *env, unsigned reg, uint64_t val);
-#ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
+void alpha_cpu_record_sigsegv(CPUState *cs, vaddr address,
+                              MMUAccessType access_type,
+                              bool maperr, uintptr_t retaddr);
+void alpha_cpu_record_sigbus(CPUState *cs, vaddr address,
+                             MMUAccessType access_type, uintptr_t retaddr);
+#else
+bool alpha_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
+                        MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
+                        bool probe, uintptr_t retaddr);
+void alpha_cpu_do_unaligned_access(CPUState *cpu, vaddr addr,
+                                   MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
+                                   uintptr_t retaddr) QEMU_NORETURN;
 void alpha_cpu_do_transaction_failed(CPUState *cs, hwaddr physaddr,
                                      vaddr addr, unsigned size,
                                      MMUAccessType access_type,
diff --git a/target/alpha/helper.c b/target/alpha/helper.c
index 81550d9e2f..b7e7f73b15 100644
--- a/target/alpha/helper.c
+++ b/target/alpha/helper.c
@@ -120,15 +120,44 @@ void cpu_alpha_store_gr(CPUAlphaState *env, unsigned reg, uint64_t val)
 }
 
 #if defined(CONFIG_USER_ONLY)
-bool alpha_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
-                        MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
-                        bool probe, uintptr_t retaddr)
+void alpha_cpu_record_sigsegv(CPUState *cs, vaddr address,
+                              MMUAccessType access_type,
+                              bool maperr, uintptr_t retaddr)
 {
     AlphaCPU *cpu = ALPHA_CPU(cs);
+    target_ulong mmcsr, cause;
+
+    /* Assuming !maperr, infer the missing protection. */
+    switch (access_type) {
+    case MMU_DATA_LOAD:
+        mmcsr = MM_K_FOR;
+        cause = 0;
+        break;
+    case MMU_DATA_STORE:
+        mmcsr = MM_K_FOW;
+        cause = 1;
+        break;
+    case MMU_INST_FETCH:
+        mmcsr = MM_K_FOE;
+        cause = -1;
+        break;
+    default:
+        g_assert_not_reached();
+    }
+    if (maperr) {
+        if (address < BIT_ULL(TARGET_VIRT_ADDR_SPACE_BITS - 1)) {
+            /* Userspace address, therefore page not mapped. */
+            mmcsr = MM_K_TNV;
+        } else {
+            /* Kernel or invalid address. */
+            mmcsr = MM_K_ACV;
+        }
+    }
 
-    cs->exception_index = EXCP_MMFAULT;
+    /* Record the arguments that PALcode would give to the kernel. */
     cpu->env.trap_arg0 = address;
-    cpu_loop_exit_restore(cs, retaddr);
+    cpu->env.trap_arg1 = mmcsr;
+    cpu->env.trap_arg2 = cause;
 }
 #else
 /* Returns the OSF/1 entMM failure indication, or -1 on success.  */
diff --git a/target/alpha/mem_helper.c b/target/alpha/mem_helper.c
index 75e72bc337..47283a0612 100644
--- a/target/alpha/mem_helper.c
+++ b/target/alpha/mem_helper.c
@@ -23,18 +23,12 @@
 #include "exec/exec-all.h"
 #include "exec/cpu_ldst.h"
 
-/* Softmmu support */
-#ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
-void alpha_cpu_do_unaligned_access(CPUState *cs, vaddr addr,
-                                   MMUAccessType access_type,
-                                   int mmu_idx, uintptr_t retaddr)
+static void do_unaligned_access(CPUAlphaState *env, vaddr addr, uintptr_t retaddr)
 {
-    AlphaCPU *cpu = ALPHA_CPU(cs);
-    CPUAlphaState *env = &cpu->env;
     uint64_t pc;
     uint32_t insn;
 
-    cpu_restore_state(cs, retaddr, true);
+    cpu_restore_state(env_cpu(env), retaddr, true);
 
     pc = env->pc;
     insn = cpu_ldl_code(env, pc);
@@ -42,6 +36,26 @@ void alpha_cpu_do_unaligned_access(CPUState *cs, vaddr addr,
     env->trap_arg0 = addr;
     env->trap_arg1 = insn >> 26;                /* opcode */
     env->trap_arg2 = (insn >> 21) & 31;         /* dest regno */
+}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
+void alpha_cpu_record_sigbus(CPUState *cs, vaddr addr,
+                             MMUAccessType access_type, uintptr_t retaddr)
+{
+    AlphaCPU *cpu = ALPHA_CPU(cs);
+    CPUAlphaState *env = &cpu->env;
+
+    do_unaligned_access(env, addr, retaddr);
+}
+#else
+void alpha_cpu_do_unaligned_access(CPUState *cs, vaddr addr,
+                                   MMUAccessType access_type,
+                                   int mmu_idx, uintptr_t retaddr)
+{
+    AlphaCPU *cpu = ALPHA_CPU(cs);
+    CPUAlphaState *env = &cpu->env;
+
+    do_unaligned_access(env, addr, retaddr);
     cs->exception_index = EXCP_UNALIGN;
     env->error_code = 0;
     cpu_loop_exit(cs);
diff --git a/target/arm/cpu.c b/target/arm/cpu.c
index 641a8c2d3d..a211804fd3 100644
--- a/target/arm/cpu.c
+++ b/target/arm/cpu.c
@@ -2031,10 +2031,13 @@ static const struct SysemuCPUOps arm_sysemu_ops = {
 static const struct TCGCPUOps arm_tcg_ops = {
     .initialize = arm_translate_init,
     .synchronize_from_tb = arm_cpu_synchronize_from_tb,
-    .tlb_fill = arm_cpu_tlb_fill,
     .debug_excp_handler = arm_debug_excp_handler,
 
-#if !defined(CONFIG_USER_ONLY)
+#ifdef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
+    .record_sigsegv = arm_cpu_record_sigsegv,
+    .record_sigbus = arm_cpu_record_sigbus,
+#else
+    .tlb_fill = arm_cpu_tlb_fill,
     .cpu_exec_interrupt = arm_cpu_exec_interrupt,
     .do_interrupt = arm_cpu_do_interrupt,
     .do_transaction_failed = arm_cpu_do_transaction_failed,
diff --git a/target/arm/cpu_tcg.c b/target/arm/cpu_tcg.c
index 0d5adccf1a..13d0e9b195 100644
--- a/target/arm/cpu_tcg.c
+++ b/target/arm/cpu_tcg.c
@@ -898,10 +898,13 @@ static void pxa270c5_initfn(Object *obj)
 static const struct TCGCPUOps arm_v7m_tcg_ops = {
     .initialize = arm_translate_init,
     .synchronize_from_tb = arm_cpu_synchronize_from_tb,
-    .tlb_fill = arm_cpu_tlb_fill,
     .debug_excp_handler = arm_debug_excp_handler,
 
-#if !defined(CONFIG_USER_ONLY)
+#ifdef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
+    .record_sigsegv = arm_cpu_record_sigsegv,
+    .record_sigbus = arm_cpu_record_sigbus,
+#else
+    .tlb_fill = arm_cpu_tlb_fill,
     .cpu_exec_interrupt = arm_v7m_cpu_exec_interrupt,
     .do_interrupt = arm_v7m_cpu_do_interrupt,
     .do_transaction_failed = arm_cpu_do_transaction_failed,
diff --git a/target/arm/internals.h b/target/arm/internals.h
index 3612107ab2..89f7610ebc 100644
--- a/target/arm/internals.h
+++ b/target/arm/internals.h
@@ -544,9 +544,17 @@ static inline bool arm_extabort_type(MemTxResult result)
     return result != MEMTX_DECODE_ERROR;
 }
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
+void arm_cpu_record_sigsegv(CPUState *cpu, vaddr addr,
+                            MMUAccessType access_type,
+                            bool maperr, uintptr_t ra);
+void arm_cpu_record_sigbus(CPUState *cpu, vaddr addr,
+                           MMUAccessType access_type, uintptr_t ra);
+#else
 bool arm_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
                       MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
                       bool probe, uintptr_t retaddr);
+#endif
 
 static inline int arm_to_core_mmu_idx(ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx)
 {
diff --git a/target/arm/mte_helper.c b/target/arm/mte_helper.c
index 724175210b..e09b7e46a2 100644
--- a/target/arm/mte_helper.c
+++ b/target/arm/mte_helper.c
@@ -84,10 +84,8 @@ static uint8_t *allocation_tag_mem(CPUARMState *env, int ptr_mmu_idx,
     uintptr_t index;
 
     if (!(flags & (ptr_access == MMU_DATA_STORE ? PAGE_WRITE_ORG : PAGE_READ))) {
-        /* SIGSEGV */
-        arm_cpu_tlb_fill(env_cpu(env), ptr, ptr_size, ptr_access,
-                         ptr_mmu_idx, false, ra);
-        g_assert_not_reached();
+        cpu_loop_exit_sigsegv(env_cpu(env), ptr, ptr_access,
+                              !(flags & PAGE_VALID), ra);
     }
 
     /* Require both MAP_ANON and PROT_MTE for the page. */
diff --git a/target/arm/sve_helper.c b/target/arm/sve_helper.c
index dab5f1d1cd..07be55b7e1 100644
--- a/target/arm/sve_helper.c
+++ b/target/arm/sve_helper.c
@@ -6118,7 +6118,7 @@ DO_LDN_2(4, dd, MO_64)
  * linux-user/ in its get_user/put_user macros.
  *
  * TODO: Construct some helpers, written in assembly, that interact with
- * handle_cpu_signal to produce memory ops which can properly report errors
+ * host_signal_handler to produce memory ops which can properly report errors
  * without racing.
  */
 
diff --git a/target/arm/tlb_helper.c b/target/arm/tlb_helper.c
index 3107f9823e..12a934e924 100644
--- a/target/arm/tlb_helper.c
+++ b/target/arm/tlb_helper.c
@@ -147,28 +147,12 @@ void arm_cpu_do_transaction_failed(CPUState *cs, hwaddr physaddr,
     arm_deliver_fault(cpu, addr, access_type, mmu_idx, &fi);
 }
 
-#endif /* !defined(CONFIG_USER_ONLY) */
-
 bool arm_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
                       MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
                       bool probe, uintptr_t retaddr)
 {
     ARMCPU *cpu = ARM_CPU(cs);
     ARMMMUFaultInfo fi = {};
-
-#ifdef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
-    int flags = page_get_flags(useronly_clean_ptr(address));
-    if (flags & PAGE_VALID) {
-        fi.type = ARMFault_Permission;
-    } else {
-        fi.type = ARMFault_Translation;
-    }
-    fi.level = 3;
-
-    /* now we have a real cpu fault */
-    cpu_restore_state(cs, retaddr, true);
-    arm_deliver_fault(cpu, address, access_type, mmu_idx, &fi);
-#else
     hwaddr phys_addr;
     target_ulong page_size;
     int prot, ret;
@@ -210,5 +194,29 @@ bool arm_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
         cpu_restore_state(cs, retaddr, true);
         arm_deliver_fault(cpu, address, access_type, mmu_idx, &fi);
     }
-#endif
 }
+#else
+void arm_cpu_record_sigsegv(CPUState *cs, vaddr addr,
+                            MMUAccessType access_type,
+                            bool maperr, uintptr_t ra)
+{
+    ARMMMUFaultInfo fi = {
+        .type = maperr ? ARMFault_Translation : ARMFault_Permission,
+        .level = 3,
+    };
+    ARMCPU *cpu = ARM_CPU(cs);
+
+    /*
+     * We report both ESR and FAR to signal handlers.
+     * For now, it's easiest to deliver the fault normally.
+     */
+    cpu_restore_state(cs, ra, true);
+    arm_deliver_fault(cpu, addr, access_type, MMU_USER_IDX, &fi);
+}
+
+void arm_cpu_record_sigbus(CPUState *cs, vaddr addr,
+                           MMUAccessType access_type, uintptr_t ra)
+{
+    arm_cpu_do_unaligned_access(cs, addr, access_type, MMU_USER_IDX, ra);
+}
+#endif /* !defined(CONFIG_USER_ONLY) */
diff --git a/target/cris/cpu.c b/target/cris/cpu.c
index c2e7483f5b..ed6c781342 100644
--- a/target/cris/cpu.c
+++ b/target/cris/cpu.c
@@ -205,9 +205,9 @@ static const struct SysemuCPUOps cris_sysemu_ops = {
 
 static const struct TCGCPUOps crisv10_tcg_ops = {
     .initialize = cris_initialize_crisv10_tcg,
-    .tlb_fill = cris_cpu_tlb_fill,
 
 #ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
+    .tlb_fill = cris_cpu_tlb_fill,
     .cpu_exec_interrupt = cris_cpu_exec_interrupt,
     .do_interrupt = crisv10_cpu_do_interrupt,
 #endif /* !CONFIG_USER_ONLY */
@@ -215,9 +215,9 @@ static const struct TCGCPUOps crisv10_tcg_ops = {
 
 static const struct TCGCPUOps crisv32_tcg_ops = {
     .initialize = cris_initialize_tcg,
-    .tlb_fill = cris_cpu_tlb_fill,
 
 #ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
+    .tlb_fill = cris_cpu_tlb_fill,
     .cpu_exec_interrupt = cris_cpu_exec_interrupt,
     .do_interrupt = cris_cpu_do_interrupt,
 #endif /* !CONFIG_USER_ONLY */
diff --git a/target/cris/cpu.h b/target/cris/cpu.h
index 6603565f83..b445b194ea 100644
--- a/target/cris/cpu.h
+++ b/target/cris/cpu.h
@@ -189,6 +189,10 @@ extern const VMStateDescription vmstate_cris_cpu;
 void cris_cpu_do_interrupt(CPUState *cpu);
 void crisv10_cpu_do_interrupt(CPUState *cpu);
 bool cris_cpu_exec_interrupt(CPUState *cpu, int int_req);
+
+bool cris_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
+                       MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
+                       bool probe, uintptr_t retaddr);
 #endif
 
 void cris_cpu_dump_state(CPUState *cs, FILE *f, int flags);
@@ -251,10 +255,6 @@ static inline int cpu_mmu_index (CPUCRISState *env, bool ifetch)
 	return !!(env->pregs[PR_CCS] & U_FLAG);
 }
 
-bool cris_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
-                       MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
-                       bool probe, uintptr_t retaddr);
-
 /* Support function regs.  */
 #define SFR_RW_GC_CFG      0][0
 #define SFR_RW_MM_CFG      env->pregs[PR_SRS]][0
diff --git a/target/cris/helper.c b/target/cris/helper.c
index 36926faf32..a0d6ecdcd3 100644
--- a/target/cris/helper.c
+++ b/target/cris/helper.c
@@ -39,22 +39,6 @@
 #define D_LOG(...) do { } while (0)
 #endif
 
-#if defined(CONFIG_USER_ONLY)
-
-bool cris_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
-                       MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
-                       bool probe, uintptr_t retaddr)
-{
-    CRISCPU *cpu = CRIS_CPU(cs);
-
-    cs->exception_index = 0xaa;
-    cpu->env.pregs[PR_EDA] = address;
-    cpu_loop_exit_restore(cs, retaddr);
-}
-
-#else /* !CONFIG_USER_ONLY */
-
-
 static void cris_shift_ccs(CPUCRISState *env)
 {
     uint32_t ccs;
@@ -304,5 +288,3 @@ bool cris_cpu_exec_interrupt(CPUState *cs, int interrupt_request)
 
     return ret;
 }
-
-#endif /* !CONFIG_USER_ONLY */
diff --git a/target/cris/meson.build b/target/cris/meson.build
index 67c3793c85..c1e326d950 100644
--- a/target/cris/meson.build
+++ b/target/cris/meson.build
@@ -2,13 +2,16 @@ cris_ss = ss.source_set()
 cris_ss.add(files(
   'cpu.c',
   'gdbstub.c',
-  'helper.c',
   'op_helper.c',
   'translate.c',
 ))
 
 cris_softmmu_ss = ss.source_set()
-cris_softmmu_ss.add(files('mmu.c', 'machine.c'))
+cris_softmmu_ss.add(files(
+  'helper.c',
+  'machine.c',
+  'mmu.c',
+))
 
 target_arch += {'cris': cris_ss}
 target_softmmu_arch += {'cris': cris_softmmu_ss}
diff --git a/target/hexagon/cpu.c b/target/hexagon/cpu.c
index 3338365c16..160a46a3d5 100644
--- a/target/hexagon/cpu.c
+++ b/target/hexagon/cpu.c
@@ -245,34 +245,11 @@ static void hexagon_cpu_init(Object *obj)
     qdev_property_add_static(DEVICE(obj), &hexagon_lldb_stack_adjust_property);
 }
 
-static bool hexagon_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
-                             MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
-                             bool probe, uintptr_t retaddr)
-{
-#ifdef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
-    switch (access_type) {
-    case MMU_INST_FETCH:
-        cs->exception_index = HEX_EXCP_FETCH_NO_UPAGE;
-        break;
-    case MMU_DATA_LOAD:
-        cs->exception_index = HEX_EXCP_PRIV_NO_UREAD;
-        break;
-    case MMU_DATA_STORE:
-        cs->exception_index = HEX_EXCP_PRIV_NO_UWRITE;
-        break;
-    }
-    cpu_loop_exit_restore(cs, retaddr);
-#else
-#error System mode not implemented for Hexagon
-#endif
-}
-
 #include "hw/core/tcg-cpu-ops.h"
 
 static const struct TCGCPUOps hexagon_tcg_ops = {
     .initialize = hexagon_translate_init,
     .synchronize_from_tb = hexagon_cpu_synchronize_from_tb,
-    .tlb_fill = hexagon_tlb_fill,
 };
 
 static void hexagon_cpu_class_init(ObjectClass *c, void *data)
diff --git a/target/hppa/cpu.c b/target/hppa/cpu.c
index 89cba9d7a2..23eb254228 100644
--- a/target/hppa/cpu.c
+++ b/target/hppa/cpu.c
@@ -145,9 +145,9 @@ static const struct SysemuCPUOps hppa_sysemu_ops = {
 static const struct TCGCPUOps hppa_tcg_ops = {
     .initialize = hppa_translate_init,
     .synchronize_from_tb = hppa_cpu_synchronize_from_tb,
-    .tlb_fill = hppa_cpu_tlb_fill,
 
 #ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
+    .tlb_fill = hppa_cpu_tlb_fill,
     .cpu_exec_interrupt = hppa_cpu_exec_interrupt,
     .do_interrupt = hppa_cpu_do_interrupt,
     .do_unaligned_access = hppa_cpu_do_unaligned_access,
diff --git a/target/hppa/cpu.h b/target/hppa/cpu.h
index d3cb7a279f..294fd7297f 100644
--- a/target/hppa/cpu.h
+++ b/target/hppa/cpu.h
@@ -323,10 +323,10 @@ hwaddr hppa_cpu_get_phys_page_debug(CPUState *cs, vaddr addr);
 int hppa_cpu_gdb_read_register(CPUState *cpu, GByteArray *buf, int reg);
 int hppa_cpu_gdb_write_register(CPUState *cpu, uint8_t *buf, int reg);
 void hppa_cpu_dump_state(CPUState *cs, FILE *f, int);
+#ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
 bool hppa_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
                        MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
                        bool probe, uintptr_t retaddr);
-#ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
 void hppa_cpu_do_interrupt(CPUState *cpu);
 bool hppa_cpu_exec_interrupt(CPUState *cpu, int int_req);
 int hppa_get_physical_address(CPUHPPAState *env, vaddr addr, int mmu_idx,
diff --git a/target/hppa/mem_helper.c b/target/hppa/mem_helper.c
index afc5b56c3e..bf07445cd1 100644
--- a/target/hppa/mem_helper.c
+++ b/target/hppa/mem_helper.c
@@ -24,20 +24,6 @@
 #include "hw/core/cpu.h"
 #include "trace.h"
 
-#ifdef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
-bool hppa_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
-                       MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
-                       bool probe, uintptr_t retaddr)
-{
-    HPPACPU *cpu = HPPA_CPU(cs);
-
-    /* ??? Test between data page fault and data memory protection trap,
-       which would affect si_code.  */
-    cs->exception_index = EXCP_DMP;
-    cpu->env.cr[CR_IOR] = address;
-    cpu_loop_exit_restore(cs, retaddr);
-}
-#else
 static hppa_tlb_entry *hppa_find_tlb(CPUHPPAState *env, vaddr addr)
 {
     int i;
@@ -392,4 +378,3 @@ int hppa_artype_for_page(CPUHPPAState *env, target_ulong vaddr)
     hppa_tlb_entry *ent = hppa_find_tlb(env, vaddr);
     return ent ? ent->ar_type : -1;
 }
-#endif /* CONFIG_USER_ONLY */
diff --git a/target/hppa/meson.build b/target/hppa/meson.build
index 8a7ff82efc..021e42a2d0 100644
--- a/target/hppa/meson.build
+++ b/target/hppa/meson.build
@@ -7,13 +7,15 @@ hppa_ss.add(files(
   'gdbstub.c',
   'helper.c',
   'int_helper.c',
-  'mem_helper.c',
   'op_helper.c',
   'translate.c',
 ))
 
 hppa_softmmu_ss = ss.source_set()
-hppa_softmmu_ss.add(files('machine.c'))
+hppa_softmmu_ss.add(files(
+  'machine.c',
+  'mem_helper.c',
+))
 
 target_arch += {'hppa': hppa_ss}
 target_softmmu_arch += {'hppa': hppa_softmmu_ss}
diff --git a/target/i386/tcg/helper-tcg.h b/target/i386/tcg/helper-tcg.h
index 60ca09e95e..0a4401e917 100644
--- a/target/i386/tcg/helper-tcg.h
+++ b/target/i386/tcg/helper-tcg.h
@@ -43,9 +43,15 @@ bool x86_cpu_exec_interrupt(CPUState *cpu, int int_req);
 #endif
 
 /* helper.c */
+#ifdef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
+void x86_cpu_record_sigsegv(CPUState *cs, vaddr addr,
+                            MMUAccessType access_type,
+                            bool maperr, uintptr_t ra);
+#else
 bool x86_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
                       MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
                       bool probe, uintptr_t retaddr);
+#endif
 
 void breakpoint_handler(CPUState *cs);
 
diff --git a/target/i386/tcg/tcg-cpu.c b/target/i386/tcg/tcg-cpu.c
index 3ecfae34cb..6fdfdf9598 100644
--- a/target/i386/tcg/tcg-cpu.c
+++ b/target/i386/tcg/tcg-cpu.c
@@ -72,10 +72,11 @@ static const struct TCGCPUOps x86_tcg_ops = {
     .synchronize_from_tb = x86_cpu_synchronize_from_tb,
     .cpu_exec_enter = x86_cpu_exec_enter,
     .cpu_exec_exit = x86_cpu_exec_exit,
-    .tlb_fill = x86_cpu_tlb_fill,
 #ifdef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
     .fake_user_interrupt = x86_cpu_do_interrupt,
+    .record_sigsegv = x86_cpu_record_sigsegv,
 #else
+    .tlb_fill = x86_cpu_tlb_fill,
     .do_interrupt = x86_cpu_do_interrupt,
     .cpu_exec_interrupt = x86_cpu_exec_interrupt,
     .debug_excp_handler = breakpoint_handler,
diff --git a/target/i386/tcg/user/excp_helper.c b/target/i386/tcg/user/excp_helper.c
index a89b5228fd..cd507e2a1b 100644
--- a/target/i386/tcg/user/excp_helper.c
+++ b/target/i386/tcg/user/excp_helper.c
@@ -22,18 +22,29 @@
 #include "exec/exec-all.h"
 #include "tcg/helper-tcg.h"
 
-bool x86_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr addr, int size,
-                      MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
-                      bool probe, uintptr_t retaddr)
+void x86_cpu_record_sigsegv(CPUState *cs, vaddr addr,
+                            MMUAccessType access_type,
+                            bool maperr, uintptr_t ra)
 {
     X86CPU *cpu = X86_CPU(cs);
     CPUX86State *env = &cpu->env;
 
+    /*
+     * The error_code that hw reports as part of the exception frame
+     * is copied to linux sigcontext.err.  The exception_index is
+     * copied to linux sigcontext.trapno.  Short of inventing a new
+     * place to store the trapno, we cannot let our caller raise the
+     * signal and set exception_index to EXCP_INTERRUPT.
+     */
     env->cr[2] = addr;
-    env->error_code = (access_type == MMU_DATA_STORE) << PG_ERROR_W_BIT;
-    env->error_code |= PG_ERROR_U_MASK;
+    env->error_code = ((access_type == MMU_DATA_STORE) << PG_ERROR_W_BIT)
+                    | (maperr ? 0 : PG_ERROR_P_MASK)
+                    | PG_ERROR_U_MASK;
     cs->exception_index = EXCP0E_PAGE;
+
+    /* Disable do_interrupt_user. */
     env->exception_is_int = 0;
     env->exception_next_eip = -1;
-    cpu_loop_exit_restore(cs, retaddr);
+
+    cpu_loop_exit_restore(cs, ra);
 }
diff --git a/target/m68k/cpu.c b/target/m68k/cpu.c
index 66d22d1189..c7aeb7da9c 100644
--- a/target/m68k/cpu.c
+++ b/target/m68k/cpu.c
@@ -515,9 +515,9 @@ static const struct SysemuCPUOps m68k_sysemu_ops = {
 
 static const struct TCGCPUOps m68k_tcg_ops = {
     .initialize = m68k_tcg_init,
-    .tlb_fill = m68k_cpu_tlb_fill,
 
 #ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
+    .tlb_fill = m68k_cpu_tlb_fill,
     .cpu_exec_interrupt = m68k_cpu_exec_interrupt,
     .do_interrupt = m68k_cpu_do_interrupt,
     .do_transaction_failed = m68k_cpu_transaction_failed,
diff --git a/target/m68k/helper.c b/target/m68k/helper.c
index 137a3e1a3d..5728e48585 100644
--- a/target/m68k/helper.c
+++ b/target/m68k/helper.c
@@ -978,16 +978,12 @@ void m68k_set_irq_level(M68kCPU *cpu, int level, uint8_t vector)
     }
 }
 
-#endif
-
 bool m68k_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
                        MMUAccessType qemu_access_type, int mmu_idx,
                        bool probe, uintptr_t retaddr)
 {
     M68kCPU *cpu = M68K_CPU(cs);
     CPUM68KState *env = &cpu->env;
-
-#ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
     hwaddr physical;
     int prot;
     int access_type;
@@ -1051,12 +1047,12 @@ bool m68k_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
     if (!(access_type & ACCESS_STORE)) {
         env->mmu.ssw |= M68K_RW_040;
     }
-#endif
 
     cs->exception_index = EXCP_ACCESS;
     env->mmu.ar = address;
     cpu_loop_exit_restore(cs, retaddr);
 }
+#endif /* !CONFIG_USER_ONLY */
 
 uint32_t HELPER(bitrev)(uint32_t x)
 {
diff --git a/target/microblaze/cpu.c b/target/microblaze/cpu.c
index 15db277925..b9c888b87e 100644
--- a/target/microblaze/cpu.c
+++ b/target/microblaze/cpu.c
@@ -365,9 +365,9 @@ static const struct SysemuCPUOps mb_sysemu_ops = {
 static const struct TCGCPUOps mb_tcg_ops = {
     .initialize = mb_tcg_init,
     .synchronize_from_tb = mb_cpu_synchronize_from_tb,
-    .tlb_fill = mb_cpu_tlb_fill,
 
 #ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
+    .tlb_fill = mb_cpu_tlb_fill,
     .cpu_exec_interrupt = mb_cpu_exec_interrupt,
     .do_interrupt = mb_cpu_do_interrupt,
     .do_transaction_failed = mb_cpu_transaction_failed,
diff --git a/target/microblaze/cpu.h b/target/microblaze/cpu.h
index b7a848bbae..e9cd0b88de 100644
--- a/target/microblaze/cpu.h
+++ b/target/microblaze/cpu.h
@@ -394,10 +394,6 @@ void mb_tcg_init(void);
 #define MMU_USER_IDX    2
 /* See NB_MMU_MODES further up the file.  */
 
-bool mb_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
-                     MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
-                     bool probe, uintptr_t retaddr);
-
 typedef CPUMBState CPUArchState;
 typedef MicroBlazeCPU ArchCPU;
 
@@ -415,6 +411,10 @@ static inline void cpu_get_tb_cpu_state(CPUMBState *env, target_ulong *pc,
 }
 
 #if !defined(CONFIG_USER_ONLY)
+bool mb_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
+                     MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
+                     bool probe, uintptr_t retaddr);
+
 void mb_cpu_transaction_failed(CPUState *cs, hwaddr physaddr, vaddr addr,
                                unsigned size, MMUAccessType access_type,
                                int mmu_idx, MemTxAttrs attrs,
diff --git a/target/microblaze/helper.c b/target/microblaze/helper.c
index dd2aecd1d5..a607fe68e5 100644
--- a/target/microblaze/helper.c
+++ b/target/microblaze/helper.c
@@ -24,18 +24,7 @@
 #include "qemu/host-utils.h"
 #include "exec/log.h"
 
-#if defined(CONFIG_USER_ONLY)
-
-bool mb_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
-                     MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
-                     bool probe, uintptr_t retaddr)
-{
-    cs->exception_index = 0xaa;
-    cpu_loop_exit_restore(cs, retaddr);
-}
-
-#else /* !CONFIG_USER_ONLY */
-
+#ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
 static bool mb_cpu_access_is_secure(MicroBlazeCPU *cpu,
                                     MMUAccessType access_type)
 {
diff --git a/target/microblaze/translate.c b/target/microblaze/translate.c
index 437bbed6d6..2561b904b9 100644
--- a/target/microblaze/translate.c
+++ b/target/microblaze/translate.c
@@ -722,6 +722,7 @@ static TCGv compute_ldst_addr_ea(DisasContext *dc, int ra, int rb)
 }
 #endif
 
+#ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
 static void record_unaligned_ess(DisasContext *dc, int rd,
                                  MemOp size, bool store)
 {
@@ -734,6 +735,7 @@ static void record_unaligned_ess(DisasContext *dc, int rd,
 
     tcg_set_insn_start_param(dc->insn_start, 1, iflags);
 }
+#endif
 
 static bool do_load(DisasContext *dc, int rd, TCGv addr, MemOp mop,
                     int mem_index, bool rev)
@@ -755,12 +757,19 @@ static bool do_load(DisasContext *dc, int rd, TCGv addr, MemOp mop,
         }
     }
 
+    /*
+     * For system mode, enforce alignment if the cpu configuration
+     * requires it.  For user-mode, the Linux kernel will have fixed up
+     * any unaligned access, so emulate that by *not* setting MO_ALIGN.
+     */
+#ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
     if (size > MO_8 &&
         (dc->tb_flags & MSR_EE) &&
         dc->cfg->unaligned_exceptions) {
         record_unaligned_ess(dc, rd, size, false);
         mop |= MO_ALIGN;
     }
+#endif
 
     tcg_gen_qemu_ld_i32(reg_for_write(dc, rd), addr, mem_index, mop);
 
@@ -901,12 +910,19 @@ static bool do_store(DisasContext *dc, int rd, TCGv addr, MemOp mop,
         }
     }
 
+    /*
+     * For system mode, enforce alignment if the cpu configuration
+     * requires it.  For user-mode, the Linux kernel will have fixed up
+     * any unaligned access, so emulate that by *not* setting MO_ALIGN.
+     */
+#ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
     if (size > MO_8 &&
         (dc->tb_flags & MSR_EE) &&
         dc->cfg->unaligned_exceptions) {
         record_unaligned_ess(dc, rd, size, true);
         mop |= MO_ALIGN;
     }
+#endif
 
     tcg_gen_qemu_st_i32(reg_for_read(dc, rd), addr, mem_index, mop);
 
diff --git a/target/mips/cpu.c b/target/mips/cpu.c
index 00e0c55d0e..4aae23934b 100644
--- a/target/mips/cpu.c
+++ b/target/mips/cpu.c
@@ -539,9 +539,9 @@ static const struct SysemuCPUOps mips_sysemu_ops = {
 static const struct TCGCPUOps mips_tcg_ops = {
     .initialize = mips_tcg_init,
     .synchronize_from_tb = mips_cpu_synchronize_from_tb,
-    .tlb_fill = mips_cpu_tlb_fill,
 
 #if !defined(CONFIG_USER_ONLY)
+    .tlb_fill = mips_cpu_tlb_fill,
     .cpu_exec_interrupt = mips_cpu_exec_interrupt,
     .do_interrupt = mips_cpu_do_interrupt,
     .do_transaction_failed = mips_cpu_do_transaction_failed,
diff --git a/target/mips/tcg/meson.build b/target/mips/tcg/meson.build
index 8f6f7508b6..98003779ae 100644
--- a/target/mips/tcg/meson.build
+++ b/target/mips/tcg/meson.build
@@ -28,9 +28,6 @@ mips_ss.add(when: 'TARGET_MIPS64', if_true: files(
   'mxu_translate.c',
 ))
 
-if have_user
-  subdir('user')
-endif
 if have_system
   subdir('sysemu')
 endif
diff --git a/target/mips/tcg/tcg-internal.h b/target/mips/tcg/tcg-internal.h
index bad3deb611..466768aec4 100644
--- a/target/mips/tcg/tcg-internal.h
+++ b/target/mips/tcg/tcg-internal.h
@@ -18,9 +18,6 @@
 void mips_tcg_init(void);
 
 void mips_cpu_synchronize_from_tb(CPUState *cs, const TranslationBlock *tb);
-bool mips_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
-                       MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
-                       bool probe, uintptr_t retaddr);
 void mips_cpu_do_unaligned_access(CPUState *cpu, vaddr addr,
                                   MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
                                   uintptr_t retaddr) QEMU_NORETURN;
@@ -60,6 +57,10 @@ void mips_cpu_do_transaction_failed(CPUState *cs, hwaddr physaddr,
                                     MemTxResult response, uintptr_t retaddr);
 void cpu_mips_tlb_flush(CPUMIPSState *env);
 
+bool mips_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
+                       MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
+                       bool probe, uintptr_t retaddr);
+
 #endif /* !CONFIG_USER_ONLY */
 
 #endif
diff --git a/target/mips/tcg/user/meson.build b/target/mips/tcg/user/meson.build
deleted file mode 100644
index 79badcd321..0000000000
--- a/target/mips/tcg/user/meson.build
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-mips_user_ss.add(files(
-  'tlb_helper.c',
-))
diff --git a/target/mips/tcg/user/tlb_helper.c b/target/mips/tcg/user/tlb_helper.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 210c6d529e..0000000000
--- a/target/mips/tcg/user/tlb_helper.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * MIPS TLB (Translation lookaside buffer) helpers.
- *
- *  Copyright (c) 2004-2005 Jocelyn Mayer
- *
- * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
- * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
- * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
- * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
- * Lesser General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
- * License along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
-#include "qemu/osdep.h"
-
-#include "cpu.h"
-#include "exec/exec-all.h"
-#include "internal.h"
-
-static void raise_mmu_exception(CPUMIPSState *env, target_ulong address,
-                                MMUAccessType access_type)
-{
-    CPUState *cs = env_cpu(env);
-
-    env->error_code = 0;
-    if (access_type == MMU_INST_FETCH) {
-        env->error_code |= EXCP_INST_NOTAVAIL;
-    }
-
-    /* Reference to kernel address from user mode or supervisor mode */
-    /* Reference to supervisor address from user mode */
-    if (access_type == MMU_DATA_STORE) {
-        cs->exception_index = EXCP_AdES;
-    } else {
-        cs->exception_index = EXCP_AdEL;
-    }
-
-    /* Raise exception */
-    if (!(env->hflags & MIPS_HFLAG_DM)) {
-        env->CP0_BadVAddr = address;
-    }
-}
-
-bool mips_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
-                       MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
-                       bool probe, uintptr_t retaddr)
-{
-    MIPSCPU *cpu = MIPS_CPU(cs);
-    CPUMIPSState *env = &cpu->env;
-
-    /* data access */
-    raise_mmu_exception(env, address, access_type);
-    do_raise_exception_err(env, cs->exception_index, env->error_code, retaddr);
-}
diff --git a/target/nios2/cpu.c b/target/nios2/cpu.c
index 58ecd27d75..4cade61e93 100644
--- a/target/nios2/cpu.c
+++ b/target/nios2/cpu.c
@@ -216,9 +216,11 @@ static const struct SysemuCPUOps nios2_sysemu_ops = {
 
 static const struct TCGCPUOps nios2_tcg_ops = {
     .initialize = nios2_tcg_init,
-    .tlb_fill = nios2_cpu_tlb_fill,
 
-#ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
+#ifdef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
+    .record_sigsegv = nios2_cpu_record_sigsegv,
+#else
+    .tlb_fill = nios2_cpu_tlb_fill,
     .cpu_exec_interrupt = nios2_cpu_exec_interrupt,
     .do_interrupt = nios2_cpu_do_interrupt,
     .do_unaligned_access = nios2_cpu_do_unaligned_access,
diff --git a/target/nios2/cpu.h b/target/nios2/cpu.h
index a80587338a..1a69ed7a49 100644
--- a/target/nios2/cpu.h
+++ b/target/nios2/cpu.h
@@ -218,9 +218,15 @@ static inline int cpu_mmu_index(CPUNios2State *env, bool ifetch)
                                                   MMU_SUPERVISOR_IDX;
 }
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
+void nios2_cpu_record_sigsegv(CPUState *cpu, vaddr addr,
+                              MMUAccessType access_type,
+                              bool maperr, uintptr_t ra);
+#else
 bool nios2_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
                         MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
                         bool probe, uintptr_t retaddr);
+#endif
 
 static inline int cpu_interrupts_enabled(CPUNios2State *env)
 {
diff --git a/target/nios2/helper.c b/target/nios2/helper.c
index 53be8398e9..e5c98650e1 100644
--- a/target/nios2/helper.c
+++ b/target/nios2/helper.c
@@ -38,10 +38,11 @@ void nios2_cpu_do_interrupt(CPUState *cs)
     env->regs[R_EA] = env->regs[R_PC] + 4;
 }
 
-bool nios2_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
-                        MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
-                        bool probe, uintptr_t retaddr)
+void nios2_cpu_record_sigsegv(CPUState *cs, vaddr addr,
+                              MMUAccessType access_type,
+                              bool maperr, uintptr_t retaddr)
 {
+    /* FIXME: Disentangle kuser page from linux-user sigsegv handling. */
     cs->exception_index = 0xaa;
     cpu_loop_exit_restore(cs, retaddr);
 }
diff --git a/target/openrisc/cpu.c b/target/openrisc/cpu.c
index 27cb04152f..dfbafc5236 100644
--- a/target/openrisc/cpu.c
+++ b/target/openrisc/cpu.c
@@ -186,9 +186,9 @@ static const struct SysemuCPUOps openrisc_sysemu_ops = {
 
 static const struct TCGCPUOps openrisc_tcg_ops = {
     .initialize = openrisc_translate_init,
-    .tlb_fill = openrisc_cpu_tlb_fill,
 
 #ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
+    .tlb_fill = openrisc_cpu_tlb_fill,
     .cpu_exec_interrupt = openrisc_cpu_exec_interrupt,
     .do_interrupt = openrisc_cpu_do_interrupt,
 #endif /* !CONFIG_USER_ONLY */
diff --git a/target/openrisc/cpu.h b/target/openrisc/cpu.h
index 187a4a114e..ee069b080c 100644
--- a/target/openrisc/cpu.h
+++ b/target/openrisc/cpu.h
@@ -317,14 +317,15 @@ hwaddr openrisc_cpu_get_phys_page_debug(CPUState *cpu, vaddr addr);
 int openrisc_cpu_gdb_read_register(CPUState *cpu, GByteArray *buf, int reg);
 int openrisc_cpu_gdb_write_register(CPUState *cpu, uint8_t *buf, int reg);
 void openrisc_translate_init(void);
-bool openrisc_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
-                           MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
-                           bool probe, uintptr_t retaddr);
 int print_insn_or1k(bfd_vma addr, disassemble_info *info);
 
 #define cpu_list cpu_openrisc_list
 
 #ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
+bool openrisc_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
+                           MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
+                           bool probe, uintptr_t retaddr);
+
 extern const VMStateDescription vmstate_openrisc_cpu;
 
 void openrisc_cpu_do_interrupt(CPUState *cpu);
diff --git a/target/openrisc/meson.build b/target/openrisc/meson.build
index e445dec4a0..84322086ec 100644
--- a/target/openrisc/meson.build
+++ b/target/openrisc/meson.build
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ openrisc_ss.add(files(
   'fpu_helper.c',
   'gdbstub.c',
   'interrupt_helper.c',
-  'mmu.c',
   'sys_helper.c',
   'translate.c',
 ))
@@ -19,6 +18,7 @@ openrisc_softmmu_ss = ss.source_set()
 openrisc_softmmu_ss.add(files(
   'interrupt.c',
   'machine.c',
+  'mmu.c',
 ))
 
 target_arch += {'openrisc': openrisc_ss}
diff --git a/target/openrisc/mmu.c b/target/openrisc/mmu.c
index 94df8c7bef..e561ef245b 100644
--- a/target/openrisc/mmu.c
+++ b/target/openrisc/mmu.c
@@ -23,11 +23,8 @@
 #include "exec/exec-all.h"
 #include "exec/gdbstub.h"
 #include "qemu/host-utils.h"
-#ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
 #include "hw/loader.h"
-#endif
 
-#ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
 static inline void get_phys_nommu(hwaddr *phys_addr, int *prot,
                                   target_ulong address)
 {
@@ -94,7 +91,6 @@ static int get_phys_mmu(OpenRISCCPU *cpu, hwaddr *phys_addr, int *prot,
         return need & PAGE_EXEC ? EXCP_ITLBMISS : EXCP_DTLBMISS;
     }
 }
-#endif
 
 static void raise_mmu_exception(OpenRISCCPU *cpu, target_ulong address,
                                 int exception)
@@ -112,8 +108,6 @@ bool openrisc_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr addr, int size,
 {
     OpenRISCCPU *cpu = OPENRISC_CPU(cs);
     int excp = EXCP_DPF;
-
-#ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
     int prot;
     hwaddr phys_addr;
 
@@ -138,13 +132,11 @@ bool openrisc_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr addr, int size,
     if (probe) {
         return false;
     }
-#endif
 
     raise_mmu_exception(cpu, addr, excp);
     cpu_loop_exit_restore(cs, retaddr);
 }
 
-#ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
 hwaddr openrisc_cpu_get_phys_page_debug(CPUState *cs, vaddr addr)
 {
     OpenRISCCPU *cpu = OPENRISC_CPU(cs);
@@ -177,4 +169,3 @@ hwaddr openrisc_cpu_get_phys_page_debug(CPUState *cs, vaddr addr)
         return phys_addr;
     }
 }
-#endif
diff --git a/target/ppc/cpu.h b/target/ppc/cpu.h
index 0472ec9154..e946da5f3a 100644
--- a/target/ppc/cpu.h
+++ b/target/ppc/cpu.h
@@ -1302,9 +1302,6 @@ extern const VMStateDescription vmstate_ppc_cpu;
 
 /*****************************************************************************/
 void ppc_translate_init(void);
-bool ppc_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
-                      MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
-                      bool probe, uintptr_t retaddr);
 
 #if !defined(CONFIG_USER_ONLY)
 void ppc_store_sdr1(CPUPPCState *env, target_ulong value);
diff --git a/target/ppc/cpu_init.c b/target/ppc/cpu_init.c
index 65545ba9ca..1c7a7b4b38 100644
--- a/target/ppc/cpu_init.c
+++ b/target/ppc/cpu_init.c
@@ -9014,9 +9014,11 @@ static const struct SysemuCPUOps ppc_sysemu_ops = {
 
 static const struct TCGCPUOps ppc_tcg_ops = {
   .initialize = ppc_translate_init,
-  .tlb_fill = ppc_cpu_tlb_fill,
 
-#ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
+#ifdef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
+  .record_sigsegv = ppc_cpu_record_sigsegv,
+#else
+  .tlb_fill = ppc_cpu_tlb_fill,
   .cpu_exec_interrupt = ppc_cpu_exec_interrupt,
   .do_interrupt = ppc_cpu_do_interrupt,
   .cpu_exec_enter = ppc_cpu_exec_enter,
diff --git a/target/ppc/excp_helper.c b/target/ppc/excp_helper.c
index b7d1767920..17607adbe4 100644
--- a/target/ppc/excp_helper.c
+++ b/target/ppc/excp_helper.c
@@ -454,13 +454,15 @@ static inline void powerpc_excp(PowerPCCPU *cpu, int excp_model, int excp)
         break;
     }
     case POWERPC_EXCP_ALIGN:     /* Alignment exception                      */
-        /* Get rS/rD and rA from faulting opcode */
         /*
-         * Note: the opcode fields will not be set properly for a
-         * direct store load/store, but nobody cares as nobody
-         * actually uses direct store segments.
+         * Get rS/rD and rA from faulting opcode.
+         * Note: We will only invoke ALIGN for atomic operations,
+         * so all instructions are X-form.
          */
-        env->spr[SPR_DSISR] |= (env->error_code & 0x03FF0000) >> 16;
+        {
+            uint32_t insn = cpu_ldl_code(env, env->nip);
+            env->spr[SPR_DSISR] |= (insn & 0x03FF0000) >> 16;
+        }
         break;
     case POWERPC_EXCP_PROGRAM:   /* Program exception                        */
         switch (env->error_code & ~0xF) {
@@ -1452,24 +1454,31 @@ void helper_book3s_msgsndp(CPUPPCState *env, target_ulong rb)
 
     book3s_msgsnd_common(pir, PPC_INTERRUPT_DOORBELL);
 }
-#endif
-#endif /* CONFIG_TCG */
-#endif
+#endif /* TARGET_PPC64 */
 
-#ifdef CONFIG_TCG
 void ppc_cpu_do_unaligned_access(CPUState *cs, vaddr vaddr,
                                  MMUAccessType access_type,
                                  int mmu_idx, uintptr_t retaddr)
 {
     CPUPPCState *env = cs->env_ptr;
-    uint32_t insn;
 
-    /* Restore state and reload the insn we executed, for filling in DSISR.  */
-    cpu_restore_state(cs, retaddr, true);
-    insn = cpu_ldl_code(env, env->nip);
+    switch (env->mmu_model) {
+    case POWERPC_MMU_SOFT_4xx:
+    case POWERPC_MMU_SOFT_4xx_Z:
+        env->spr[SPR_40x_DEAR] = vaddr;
+        break;
+    case POWERPC_MMU_BOOKE:
+    case POWERPC_MMU_BOOKE206:
+        env->spr[SPR_BOOKE_DEAR] = vaddr;
+        break;
+    default:
+        env->spr[SPR_DAR] = vaddr;
+        break;
+    }
 
     cs->exception_index = POWERPC_EXCP_ALIGN;
-    env->error_code = insn & 0x03FF0000;
-    cpu_loop_exit(cs);
+    env->error_code = 0;
+    cpu_loop_exit_restore(cs, retaddr);
 }
-#endif
+#endif /* CONFIG_TCG */
+#endif /* !CONFIG_USER_ONLY */
diff --git a/target/ppc/internal.h b/target/ppc/internal.h
index 55284369f5..6aa9484f34 100644
--- a/target/ppc/internal.h
+++ b/target/ppc/internal.h
@@ -211,11 +211,6 @@ void helper_compute_fprf_float16(CPUPPCState *env, float16 arg);
 void helper_compute_fprf_float32(CPUPPCState *env, float32 arg);
 void helper_compute_fprf_float128(CPUPPCState *env, float128 arg);
 
-/* Raise a data fault alignment exception for the specified virtual address */
-void ppc_cpu_do_unaligned_access(CPUState *cs, vaddr addr,
-                                 MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
-                                 uintptr_t retaddr) QEMU_NORETURN;
-
 /* translate.c */
 
 int ppc_fixup_cpu(PowerPCCPU *cpu);
@@ -283,5 +278,17 @@ static inline void pte_invalidate(target_ulong *pte0)
 #define PTE_PTEM_MASK 0x7FFFFFBF
 #define PTE_CHECK_MASK (TARGET_PAGE_MASK | 0x7B)
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
+void ppc_cpu_record_sigsegv(CPUState *cs, vaddr addr,
+                            MMUAccessType access_type,
+                            bool maperr, uintptr_t ra);
+#else
+bool ppc_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
+                      MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
+                      bool probe, uintptr_t retaddr);
+void ppc_cpu_do_unaligned_access(CPUState *cs, vaddr addr,
+                                 MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
+                                 uintptr_t retaddr) QEMU_NORETURN;
+#endif
 
 #endif /* PPC_INTERNAL_H */
diff --git a/target/ppc/user_only_helper.c b/target/ppc/user_only_helper.c
index aa3f867596..7ff76f7a06 100644
--- a/target/ppc/user_only_helper.c
+++ b/target/ppc/user_only_helper.c
@@ -21,16 +21,23 @@
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
 #include "cpu.h"
 #include "exec/exec-all.h"
+#include "internal.h"
 
-
-bool ppc_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
-                      MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
-                      bool probe, uintptr_t retaddr)
+void ppc_cpu_record_sigsegv(CPUState *cs, vaddr address,
+                            MMUAccessType access_type,
+                            bool maperr, uintptr_t retaddr)
 {
     PowerPCCPU *cpu = POWERPC_CPU(cs);
     CPUPPCState *env = &cpu->env;
     int exception, error_code;
 
+    /*
+     * Both DSISR and the "trap number" (exception vector offset,
+     * looked up from exception_index) are present in the linux-user
+     * signal frame.
+     * FIXME: we don't actually populate the trap number properly.
+     * It would be easiest to fill in an env->trap value now.
+     */
     if (access_type == MMU_INST_FETCH) {
         exception = POWERPC_EXCP_ISI;
         error_code = 0x40000000;
diff --git a/target/riscv/cpu.c b/target/riscv/cpu.c
index 7d53125dbc..f812998123 100644
--- a/target/riscv/cpu.c
+++ b/target/riscv/cpu.c
@@ -694,9 +694,9 @@ static const struct SysemuCPUOps riscv_sysemu_ops = {
 static const struct TCGCPUOps riscv_tcg_ops = {
     .initialize = riscv_translate_init,
     .synchronize_from_tb = riscv_cpu_synchronize_from_tb,
-    .tlb_fill = riscv_cpu_tlb_fill,
 
 #ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
+    .tlb_fill = riscv_cpu_tlb_fill,
     .cpu_exec_interrupt = riscv_cpu_exec_interrupt,
     .do_interrupt = riscv_cpu_do_interrupt,
     .do_transaction_failed = riscv_cpu_do_transaction_failed,
diff --git a/target/riscv/cpu_helper.c b/target/riscv/cpu_helper.c
index f30ff672f8..9eeed38c7e 100644
--- a/target/riscv/cpu_helper.c
+++ b/target/riscv/cpu_helper.c
@@ -814,7 +814,6 @@ void riscv_cpu_do_unaligned_access(CPUState *cs, vaddr addr,
                             riscv_cpu_two_stage_lookup(mmu_idx);
     riscv_raise_exception(env, cs->exception_index, retaddr);
 }
-#endif /* !CONFIG_USER_ONLY */
 
 bool riscv_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
                         MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
@@ -822,7 +821,6 @@ bool riscv_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
 {
     RISCVCPU *cpu = RISCV_CPU(cs);
     CPURISCVState *env = &cpu->env;
-#ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
     vaddr im_address;
     hwaddr pa = 0;
     int prot, prot2, prot_pmp;
@@ -954,25 +952,8 @@ bool riscv_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
     }
 
     return true;
-
-#else
-    switch (access_type) {
-    case MMU_INST_FETCH:
-        cs->exception_index = RISCV_EXCP_INST_PAGE_FAULT;
-        break;
-    case MMU_DATA_LOAD:
-        cs->exception_index = RISCV_EXCP_LOAD_PAGE_FAULT;
-        break;
-    case MMU_DATA_STORE:
-        cs->exception_index = RISCV_EXCP_STORE_PAGE_FAULT;
-        break;
-    default:
-        g_assert_not_reached();
-    }
-    env->badaddr = address;
-    cpu_loop_exit_restore(cs, retaddr);
-#endif
 }
+#endif /* !CONFIG_USER_ONLY */
 
 /*
  * Handle Traps
diff --git a/target/s390x/cpu.c b/target/s390x/cpu.c
index 7b7b05f1d3..ccdbaf84d5 100644
--- a/target/s390x/cpu.c
+++ b/target/s390x/cpu.c
@@ -266,9 +266,12 @@ static void s390_cpu_reset_full(DeviceState *dev)
 
 static const struct TCGCPUOps s390_tcg_ops = {
     .initialize = s390x_translate_init,
-    .tlb_fill = s390_cpu_tlb_fill,
 
-#if !defined(CONFIG_USER_ONLY)
+#ifdef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
+    .record_sigsegv = s390_cpu_record_sigsegv,
+    .record_sigbus = s390_cpu_record_sigbus,
+#else
+    .tlb_fill = s390_cpu_tlb_fill,
     .cpu_exec_interrupt = s390_cpu_exec_interrupt,
     .do_interrupt = s390_cpu_do_interrupt,
     .debug_excp_handler = s390x_cpu_debug_excp_handler,
diff --git a/target/s390x/s390x-internal.h b/target/s390x/s390x-internal.h
index 27d4a03ca1..1a178aed41 100644
--- a/target/s390x/s390x-internal.h
+++ b/target/s390x/s390x-internal.h
@@ -270,12 +270,21 @@ ObjectClass *s390_cpu_class_by_name(const char *name);
 void s390x_cpu_debug_excp_handler(CPUState *cs);
 void s390_cpu_do_interrupt(CPUState *cpu);
 bool s390_cpu_exec_interrupt(CPUState *cpu, int int_req);
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
+void s390_cpu_record_sigsegv(CPUState *cs, vaddr address,
+                             MMUAccessType access_type,
+                             bool maperr, uintptr_t retaddr);
+void s390_cpu_record_sigbus(CPUState *cs, vaddr address,
+                            MMUAccessType access_type, uintptr_t retaddr);
+#else
 bool s390_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
                        MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
                        bool probe, uintptr_t retaddr);
 void s390x_cpu_do_unaligned_access(CPUState *cs, vaddr addr,
                                    MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
                                    uintptr_t retaddr) QEMU_NORETURN;
+#endif
 
 
 /* fpu_helper.c */
diff --git a/target/s390x/tcg/excp_helper.c b/target/s390x/tcg/excp_helper.c
index 3d6662a53c..4e7648f301 100644
--- a/target/s390x/tcg/excp_helper.c
+++ b/target/s390x/tcg/excp_helper.c
@@ -82,6 +82,19 @@ void HELPER(data_exception)(CPUS390XState *env, uint32_t dxc)
     tcg_s390_data_exception(env, dxc, GETPC());
 }
 
+/*
+ * Unaligned accesses are only diagnosed with MO_ALIGN.  At the moment,
+ * this is only for the atomic operations, for which we want to raise a
+ * specification exception.
+ */
+static void QEMU_NORETURN do_unaligned_access(CPUState *cs, uintptr_t retaddr)
+{
+    S390CPU *cpu = S390_CPU(cs);
+    CPUS390XState *env = &cpu->env;
+
+    tcg_s390_program_interrupt(env, PGM_SPECIFICATION, retaddr);
+}
+
 #if defined(CONFIG_USER_ONLY)
 
 void s390_cpu_do_interrupt(CPUState *cs)
@@ -89,19 +102,29 @@ void s390_cpu_do_interrupt(CPUState *cs)
     cs->exception_index = -1;
 }
 
-bool s390_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
-                       MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
-                       bool probe, uintptr_t retaddr)
+void s390_cpu_record_sigsegv(CPUState *cs, vaddr address,
+                             MMUAccessType access_type,
+                             bool maperr, uintptr_t retaddr)
 {
     S390CPU *cpu = S390_CPU(cs);
 
-    trigger_pgm_exception(&cpu->env, PGM_ADDRESSING);
-    /* On real machines this value is dropped into LowMem.  Since this
-       is userland, simply put this someplace that cpu_loop can find it.  */
-    cpu->env.__excp_addr = address;
+    trigger_pgm_exception(&cpu->env, maperr ? PGM_ADDRESSING : PGM_PROTECTION);
+    /*
+     * On real machines this value is dropped into LowMem. Since this
+     * is userland, simply put this someplace that cpu_loop can find it.
+     * S390 only gives the page of the fault, not the exact address.
+     * C.f. the construction of TEC in mmu_translate().
+     */
+    cpu->env.__excp_addr = address & TARGET_PAGE_MASK;
     cpu_loop_exit_restore(cs, retaddr);
 }
 
+void s390_cpu_record_sigbus(CPUState *cs, vaddr address,
+                            MMUAccessType access_type, uintptr_t retaddr)
+{
+    do_unaligned_access(cs, retaddr);
+}
+
 #else /* !CONFIG_USER_ONLY */
 
 static inline uint64_t cpu_mmu_idx_to_asc(int mmu_idx)
@@ -589,17 +612,11 @@ void s390x_cpu_debug_excp_handler(CPUState *cs)
     }
 }
 
-/* Unaligned accesses are only diagnosed with MO_ALIGN.  At the moment,
-   this is only for the atomic operations, for which we want to raise a
-   specification exception.  */
 void s390x_cpu_do_unaligned_access(CPUState *cs, vaddr addr,
                                    MMUAccessType access_type,
                                    int mmu_idx, uintptr_t retaddr)
 {
-    S390CPU *cpu = S390_CPU(cs);
-    CPUS390XState *env = &cpu->env;
-
-    tcg_s390_program_interrupt(env, PGM_SPECIFICATION, retaddr);
+    do_unaligned_access(cs, retaddr);
 }
 
 static void QEMU_NORETURN monitor_event(CPUS390XState *env,
diff --git a/target/s390x/tcg/mem_helper.c b/target/s390x/tcg/mem_helper.c
index 17e3f83641..362a30d99e 100644
--- a/target/s390x/tcg/mem_helper.c
+++ b/target/s390x/tcg/mem_helper.c
@@ -141,20 +141,12 @@ static int s390_probe_access(CPUArchState *env, target_ulong addr, int size,
                              MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
                              bool nonfault, void **phost, uintptr_t ra)
 {
-    int flags;
-
 #if defined(CONFIG_USER_ONLY)
-    flags = page_get_flags(addr);
-    if (!(flags & (access_type == MMU_DATA_LOAD ?  PAGE_READ : PAGE_WRITE_ORG))) {
-        env->__excp_addr = addr;
-        flags = (flags & PAGE_VALID) ? PGM_PROTECTION : PGM_ADDRESSING;
-        if (nonfault) {
-            return flags;
-        }
-        tcg_s390_program_interrupt(env, flags, ra);
-    }
-    *phost = g2h(env_cpu(env), addr);
+    return probe_access_flags(env, addr, access_type, mmu_idx,
+                              nonfault, phost, ra);
 #else
+    int flags;
+
     /*
      * For !CONFIG_USER_ONLY, we cannot rely on TLB_INVALID_MASK or haddr==NULL
      * to detect if there was an exception during tlb_fill().
@@ -173,8 +165,8 @@ static int s390_probe_access(CPUArchState *env, target_ulong addr, int size,
                              (access_type == MMU_DATA_STORE
                               ? BP_MEM_WRITE : BP_MEM_READ), ra);
     }
-#endif
     return 0;
+#endif
 }
 
 static int access_prepare_nf(S390Access *access, CPUS390XState *env,
diff --git a/target/sh4/cpu.c b/target/sh4/cpu.c
index 2047742d03..06b2691dc4 100644
--- a/target/sh4/cpu.c
+++ b/target/sh4/cpu.c
@@ -236,9 +236,9 @@ static const struct SysemuCPUOps sh4_sysemu_ops = {
 static const struct TCGCPUOps superh_tcg_ops = {
     .initialize = sh4_translate_init,
     .synchronize_from_tb = superh_cpu_synchronize_from_tb,
-    .tlb_fill = superh_cpu_tlb_fill,
 
 #ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
+    .tlb_fill = superh_cpu_tlb_fill,
     .cpu_exec_interrupt = superh_cpu_exec_interrupt,
     .do_interrupt = superh_cpu_do_interrupt,
     .do_unaligned_access = superh_cpu_do_unaligned_access,
diff --git a/target/sh4/cpu.h b/target/sh4/cpu.h
index dc81406646..4cfb109f56 100644
--- a/target/sh4/cpu.h
+++ b/target/sh4/cpu.h
@@ -213,12 +213,12 @@ void superh_cpu_do_unaligned_access(CPUState *cpu, vaddr addr,
                                     uintptr_t retaddr) QEMU_NORETURN;
 
 void sh4_translate_init(void);
+void sh4_cpu_list(void);
+
+#if !defined(CONFIG_USER_ONLY)
 bool superh_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
                          MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
                          bool probe, uintptr_t retaddr);
-
-void sh4_cpu_list(void);
-#if !defined(CONFIG_USER_ONLY)
 void superh_cpu_do_interrupt(CPUState *cpu);
 bool superh_cpu_exec_interrupt(CPUState *cpu, int int_req);
 void cpu_sh4_invalidate_tlb(CPUSH4State *s);
diff --git a/target/sh4/helper.c b/target/sh4/helper.c
index 53cb9c3b63..6a620e36fc 100644
--- a/target/sh4/helper.c
+++ b/target/sh4/helper.c
@@ -796,8 +796,6 @@ bool superh_cpu_exec_interrupt(CPUState *cs, int interrupt_request)
     return false;
 }
 
-#endif /* !CONFIG_USER_ONLY */
-
 bool superh_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
                          MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
                          bool probe, uintptr_t retaddr)
@@ -806,11 +804,6 @@ bool superh_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
     CPUSH4State *env = &cpu->env;
     int ret;
 
-#ifdef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
-    ret = (access_type == MMU_DATA_STORE ? MMU_DTLB_VIOLATION_WRITE :
-           access_type == MMU_INST_FETCH ? MMU_ITLB_VIOLATION :
-           MMU_DTLB_VIOLATION_READ);
-#else
     target_ulong physical;
     int prot;
 
@@ -829,7 +822,6 @@ bool superh_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
     if (ret != MMU_DTLB_MULTIPLE && ret != MMU_ITLB_MULTIPLE) {
         env->pteh = (env->pteh & PTEH_ASID_MASK) | (address & PTEH_VPN_MASK);
     }
-#endif
 
     env->tea = address;
     switch (ret) {
@@ -868,3 +860,4 @@ bool superh_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
     }
     cpu_loop_exit_restore(cs, retaddr);
 }
+#endif /* !CONFIG_USER_ONLY */
diff --git a/target/sh4/op_helper.c b/target/sh4/op_helper.c
index c996dce7df..752669825f 100644
--- a/target/sh4/op_helper.c
+++ b/target/sh4/op_helper.c
@@ -29,6 +29,9 @@ void superh_cpu_do_unaligned_access(CPUState *cs, vaddr addr,
                                     MMUAccessType access_type,
                                     int mmu_idx, uintptr_t retaddr)
 {
+    CPUSH4State *env = cs->env_ptr;
+
+    env->tea = addr;
     switch (access_type) {
     case MMU_INST_FETCH:
     case MMU_DATA_LOAD:
@@ -37,6 +40,8 @@ void superh_cpu_do_unaligned_access(CPUState *cs, vaddr addr,
     case MMU_DATA_STORE:
         cs->exception_index = 0x100;
         break;
+    default:
+        g_assert_not_reached();
     }
     cpu_loop_exit_restore(cs, retaddr);
 }
diff --git a/target/sparc/cpu.c b/target/sparc/cpu.c
index 21dd27796d..55268ed2a1 100644
--- a/target/sparc/cpu.c
+++ b/target/sparc/cpu.c
@@ -865,9 +865,9 @@ static const struct SysemuCPUOps sparc_sysemu_ops = {
 static const struct TCGCPUOps sparc_tcg_ops = {
     .initialize = sparc_tcg_init,
     .synchronize_from_tb = sparc_cpu_synchronize_from_tb,
-    .tlb_fill = sparc_cpu_tlb_fill,
 
 #ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
+    .tlb_fill = sparc_cpu_tlb_fill,
     .cpu_exec_interrupt = sparc_cpu_exec_interrupt,
     .do_interrupt = sparc_cpu_do_interrupt,
     .do_transaction_failed = sparc_cpu_do_transaction_failed,
diff --git a/target/sparc/ldst_helper.c b/target/sparc/ldst_helper.c
index bbf3601cb1..a3e1cf9b6e 100644
--- a/target/sparc/ldst_helper.c
+++ b/target/sparc/ldst_helper.c
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@
 
 //#define DEBUG_MMU
 //#define DEBUG_MXCC
-//#define DEBUG_UNALIGNED
 //#define DEBUG_UNASSIGNED
 //#define DEBUG_ASI
 //#define DEBUG_CACHE_CONTROL
@@ -364,10 +363,6 @@ static void do_check_align(CPUSPARCState *env, target_ulong addr,
                            uint32_t align, uintptr_t ra)
 {
     if (addr & align) {
-#ifdef DEBUG_UNALIGNED
-        printf("Unaligned access to 0x" TARGET_FMT_lx " from 0x" TARGET_FMT_lx
-               "\n", addr, env->pc);
-#endif
         cpu_raise_exception_ra(env, TT_UNALIGNED, ra);
     }
 }
@@ -1958,20 +1953,3 @@ void sparc_cpu_do_transaction_failed(CPUState *cs, hwaddr physaddr,
                           is_asi, size, retaddr);
 }
 #endif
-
-#if !defined(CONFIG_USER_ONLY)
-void QEMU_NORETURN sparc_cpu_do_unaligned_access(CPUState *cs, vaddr addr,
-                                                 MMUAccessType access_type,
-                                                 int mmu_idx,
-                                                 uintptr_t retaddr)
-{
-    SPARCCPU *cpu = SPARC_CPU(cs);
-    CPUSPARCState *env = &cpu->env;
-
-#ifdef DEBUG_UNALIGNED
-    printf("Unaligned access to 0x" TARGET_FMT_lx " from 0x" TARGET_FMT_lx
-           "\n", addr, env->pc);
-#endif
-    cpu_raise_exception_ra(env, TT_UNALIGNED, retaddr);
-}
-#endif
diff --git a/target/sparc/meson.build b/target/sparc/meson.build
index a3638b9503..a801802ee2 100644
--- a/target/sparc/meson.build
+++ b/target/sparc/meson.build
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ sparc_ss.add(files(
   'gdbstub.c',
   'helper.c',
   'ldst_helper.c',
-  'mmu_helper.c',
   'translate.c',
   'win_helper.c',
 ))
@@ -16,6 +15,7 @@ sparc_ss.add(when: 'TARGET_SPARC64', if_true: files('int64_helper.c', 'vis_helpe
 sparc_softmmu_ss = ss.source_set()
 sparc_softmmu_ss.add(files(
   'machine.c',
+  'mmu_helper.c',
   'monitor.c',
 ))
 
diff --git a/target/sparc/mmu_helper.c b/target/sparc/mmu_helper.c
index a44473a1c7..f2668389b0 100644
--- a/target/sparc/mmu_helper.c
+++ b/target/sparc/mmu_helper.c
@@ -25,30 +25,6 @@
 
 /* Sparc MMU emulation */
 
-#if defined(CONFIG_USER_ONLY)
-
-bool sparc_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
-                        MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
-                        bool probe, uintptr_t retaddr)
-{
-    SPARCCPU *cpu = SPARC_CPU(cs);
-    CPUSPARCState *env = &cpu->env;
-
-    if (access_type == MMU_INST_FETCH) {
-        cs->exception_index = TT_TFAULT;
-    } else {
-        cs->exception_index = TT_DFAULT;
-#ifdef TARGET_SPARC64
-        env->dmmu.mmuregs[4] = address;
-#else
-        env->mmuregs[4] = address;
-#endif
-    }
-    cpu_loop_exit_restore(cs, retaddr);
-}
-
-#else
-
 #ifndef TARGET_SPARC64
 /*
  * Sparc V8 Reference MMU (SRMMU)
@@ -526,16 +502,60 @@ static inline int ultrasparc_tag_match(SparcTLBEntry *tlb,
     return 0;
 }
 
+static uint64_t build_sfsr(CPUSPARCState *env, int mmu_idx, int rw)
+{
+    uint64_t sfsr = SFSR_VALID_BIT;
+
+    switch (mmu_idx) {
+    case MMU_PHYS_IDX:
+        sfsr |= SFSR_CT_NOTRANS;
+        break;
+    case MMU_USER_IDX:
+    case MMU_KERNEL_IDX:
+        sfsr |= SFSR_CT_PRIMARY;
+        break;
+    case MMU_USER_SECONDARY_IDX:
+    case MMU_KERNEL_SECONDARY_IDX:
+        sfsr |= SFSR_CT_SECONDARY;
+        break;
+    case MMU_NUCLEUS_IDX:
+        sfsr |= SFSR_CT_NUCLEUS;
+        break;
+    default:
+        g_assert_not_reached();
+    }
+
+    if (rw == 1) {
+        sfsr |= SFSR_WRITE_BIT;
+    } else if (rw == 4) {
+        sfsr |= SFSR_NF_BIT;
+    }
+
+    if (env->pstate & PS_PRIV) {
+        sfsr |= SFSR_PR_BIT;
+    }
+
+    if (env->dmmu.sfsr & SFSR_VALID_BIT) { /* Fault status register */
+        sfsr |= SFSR_OW_BIT; /* overflow (not read before another fault) */
+    }
+
+    /* FIXME: ASI field in SFSR must be set */
+
+    return sfsr;
+}
+
 static int get_physical_address_data(CPUSPARCState *env, hwaddr *physical,
                                      int *prot, MemTxAttrs *attrs,
                                      target_ulong address, int rw, int mmu_idx)
 {
     CPUState *cs = env_cpu(env);
     unsigned int i;
+    uint64_t sfsr;
     uint64_t context;
-    uint64_t sfsr = 0;
     bool is_user = false;
 
+    sfsr = build_sfsr(env, mmu_idx, rw);
+
     switch (mmu_idx) {
     case MMU_PHYS_IDX:
         g_assert_not_reached();
@@ -544,29 +564,18 @@ static int get_physical_address_data(CPUSPARCState *env, hwaddr *physical,
         /* fallthru */
     case MMU_KERNEL_IDX:
         context = env->dmmu.mmu_primary_context & 0x1fff;
-        sfsr |= SFSR_CT_PRIMARY;
         break;
     case MMU_USER_SECONDARY_IDX:
         is_user = true;
         /* fallthru */
     case MMU_KERNEL_SECONDARY_IDX:
         context = env->dmmu.mmu_secondary_context & 0x1fff;
-        sfsr |= SFSR_CT_SECONDARY;
         break;
-    case MMU_NUCLEUS_IDX:
-        sfsr |= SFSR_CT_NUCLEUS;
-        /* FALLTHRU */
     default:
         context = 0;
         break;
     }
 
-    if (rw == 1) {
-        sfsr |= SFSR_WRITE_BIT;
-    } else if (rw == 4) {
-        sfsr |= SFSR_NF_BIT;
-    }
-
     for (i = 0; i < 64; i++) {
         /* ctx match, vaddr match, valid? */
         if (ultrasparc_tag_match(&env->dtlb[i], address, context, physical)) {
@@ -616,22 +625,9 @@ static int get_physical_address_data(CPUSPARCState *env, hwaddr *physical,
                 return 0;
             }
 
-            if (env->dmmu.sfsr & SFSR_VALID_BIT) { /* Fault status register */
-                sfsr |= SFSR_OW_BIT; /* overflow (not read before
-                                        another fault) */
-            }
-
-            if (env->pstate & PS_PRIV) {
-                sfsr |= SFSR_PR_BIT;
-            }
-
-            /* FIXME: ASI field in SFSR must be set */
-            env->dmmu.sfsr = sfsr | SFSR_VALID_BIT;
-
+            env->dmmu.sfsr = sfsr;
             env->dmmu.sfar = address; /* Fault address register */
-
             env->dmmu.tag_access = (address & ~0x1fffULL) | context;
-
             return 1;
         }
     }
@@ -926,4 +922,23 @@ hwaddr sparc_cpu_get_phys_page_debug(CPUState *cs, vaddr addr)
     }
     return phys_addr;
 }
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
+void QEMU_NORETURN sparc_cpu_do_unaligned_access(CPUState *cs, vaddr addr,
+                                                 MMUAccessType access_type,
+                                                 int mmu_idx,
+                                                 uintptr_t retaddr)
+{
+    SPARCCPU *cpu = SPARC_CPU(cs);
+    CPUSPARCState *env = &cpu->env;
+
+#ifdef TARGET_SPARC64
+    env->dmmu.sfsr = build_sfsr(env, mmu_idx, access_type);
+    env->dmmu.sfar = addr;
+#else
+    env->mmuregs[4] = addr;
 #endif
+
+    cpu_raise_exception_ra(env, TT_UNALIGNED, retaddr);
+}
+#endif /* !CONFIG_USER_ONLY */
diff --git a/target/xtensa/cpu.c b/target/xtensa/cpu.c
index c1cbd03595..224f723236 100644
--- a/target/xtensa/cpu.c
+++ b/target/xtensa/cpu.c
@@ -192,10 +192,10 @@ static const struct SysemuCPUOps xtensa_sysemu_ops = {
 
 static const struct TCGCPUOps xtensa_tcg_ops = {
     .initialize = xtensa_translate_init,
-    .tlb_fill = xtensa_cpu_tlb_fill,
     .debug_excp_handler = xtensa_breakpoint_handler,
 
 #ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
+    .tlb_fill = xtensa_cpu_tlb_fill,
     .cpu_exec_interrupt = xtensa_cpu_exec_interrupt,
     .do_interrupt = xtensa_cpu_do_interrupt,
     .do_transaction_failed = xtensa_cpu_do_transaction_failed,
diff --git a/target/xtensa/cpu.h b/target/xtensa/cpu.h
index f9a510ca46..02143f2f77 100644
--- a/target/xtensa/cpu.h
+++ b/target/xtensa/cpu.h
@@ -563,10 +563,10 @@ struct XtensaCPU {
 };
 
 
+#ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
 bool xtensa_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
                          MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
                          bool probe, uintptr_t retaddr);
-#ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
 void xtensa_cpu_do_interrupt(CPUState *cpu);
 bool xtensa_cpu_exec_interrupt(CPUState *cpu, int interrupt_request);
 void xtensa_cpu_do_transaction_failed(CPUState *cs, hwaddr physaddr, vaddr addr,
diff --git a/target/xtensa/helper.c b/target/xtensa/helper.c
index f18ab383fd..29d216ec1b 100644
--- a/target/xtensa/helper.c
+++ b/target/xtensa/helper.c
@@ -242,27 +242,7 @@ void xtensa_cpu_list(void)
     }
 }
 
-#ifdef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
-
-bool xtensa_cpu_tlb_fill(CPUState *cs, vaddr address, int size,
-                         MMUAccessType access_type, int mmu_idx,
-                         bool probe, uintptr_t retaddr)
-{
-    XtensaCPU *cpu = XTENSA_CPU(cs);
-    CPUXtensaState *env = &cpu->env;
-
-    qemu_log_mask(CPU_LOG_INT,
-                  "%s: rw = %d, address = 0x%08" VADDR_PRIx ", size = %d\n",
-                  __func__, access_type, address, size);
-    env->sregs[EXCVADDR] = address;
-    env->sregs[EXCCAUSE] = (access_type == MMU_DATA_STORE ?
-                            STORE_PROHIBITED_CAUSE : LOAD_PROHIBITED_CAUSE);
-    cs->exception_index = EXC_USER;
-    cpu_loop_exit_restore(cs, retaddr);
-}
-
-#else /* !CONFIG_USER_ONLY */
-
+#ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
 void xtensa_cpu_do_unaligned_access(CPUState *cs,
                                     vaddr addr, MMUAccessType access_type,
                                     int mmu_idx, uintptr_t retaddr)