crypto: add support for PBKDF2 algorithm

The LUKS data format includes use of PBKDF2 (Password-Based
Key Derivation Function). The Nettle library can provide
an implementation of this, but we don't want code directly
depending on a specific crypto library backend. Introduce
a new include/crypto/pbkdf.h header which defines a QEMU
API for invoking PBKDK2. The initial implementations are
backed by nettle & gcrypt, which are commonly available
with distros shipping GNUTLS.

The test suite data is taken from the cryptsetup codebase
under the LGPLv2.1+ license. This merely aims to verify
that whatever backend we provide for this function in QEMU
will comply with the spec.

Reviewed-by: Fam Zheng <famz@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>

10 files changed, 853 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/configure b/configure
index 71c1e2b1b9..b88d0dbbf9 100755
--- a/configure
+++ b/configure
@@ -309,6 +309,7 @@ gnutls_hash=""
 gnutls_rnd=""
 nettle=""
 gcrypt=""
+gcrypt_kdf="no"
 vte=""
 virglrenderer=""
 tpm="yes"
@@ -2302,6 +2303,19 @@ if test "$gcrypt" != "no"; then
         if test -z "$nettle"; then
            nettle="no"
         fi
+
+        cat > $TMPC << EOF
+#include <gcrypt.h>
+int main(void) {
+  gcry_kdf_derive(NULL, 0, GCRY_KDF_PBKDF2,
+                  GCRY_MD_SHA256,
+                  NULL, 0, 0, 0, NULL);
+ return 0;
+}
+EOF
+        if compile_prog "$gcrypt_cflags" "$gcrypt_libs" ; then
+            gcrypt_kdf=yes
+        fi
     else
         if test "$gcrypt" = "yes"; then
             feature_not_found "gcrypt" "Install gcrypt devel"
@@ -4726,6 +4740,7 @@ echo "GNUTLS support    $gnutls"
 echo "GNUTLS hash       $gnutls_hash"
 echo "GNUTLS rnd        $gnutls_rnd"
 echo "libgcrypt         $gcrypt"
+echo "libgcrypt kdf     $gcrypt_kdf"
 if test "$nettle" = "yes"; then
     echo "nettle            $nettle ($nettle_version)"
 else
@@ -5108,6 +5123,9 @@ if test "$gnutls_rnd" = "yes" ; then
 fi
 if test "$gcrypt" = "yes" ; then
   echo "CONFIG_GCRYPT=y" >> $config_host_mak
+  if test "$gcrypt_kdf" = "yes" ; then
+    echo "CONFIG_GCRYPT_KDF=y" >> $config_host_mak
+  fi
 fi
 if test "$nettle" = "yes" ; then
   echo "CONFIG_NETTLE=y" >> $config_host_mak
diff --git a/crypto/Makefile.objs b/crypto/Makefile.objs
index 967418c67a..7122cc8e54 100644
--- a/crypto/Makefile.objs
+++ b/crypto/Makefile.objs
@@ -10,8 +10,12 @@ crypto-obj-y += tlssession.o
 crypto-obj-y += secret.o
 crypto-obj-$(CONFIG_GCRYPT) += random-gcrypt.o
 crypto-obj-$(if $(CONFIG_GCRYPT),n,$(CONFIG_GNUTLS_RND)) += random-gnutls.o
+crypto-obj-y += pbkdf.o
+crypto-obj-$(CONFIG_NETTLE) += pbkdf-nettle.o
+crypto-obj-$(if $(CONFIG_NETTLE),n,$(CONFIG_GCRYPT_KDF)) += pbkdf-gcrypt.o
 
 # Let the userspace emulators avoid linking gnutls/etc
 crypto-aes-obj-y = aes.o
 
 stub-obj-y += random-stub.o
+stub-obj-y += pbkdf-stub.o
diff --git a/crypto/pbkdf-gcrypt.c b/crypto/pbkdf-gcrypt.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..885614dfcc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crypto/pbkdf-gcrypt.c
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/*
+ * QEMU Crypto PBKDF support (Password-Based Key Derivation Function)
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2015-2016 Red Hat, Inc.
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "crypto/pbkdf.h"
+#include "gcrypt.h"
+
+bool qcrypto_pbkdf2_supports(QCryptoHashAlgorithm hash)
+{
+    switch (hash) {
+    case QCRYPTO_HASH_ALG_MD5:
+    case QCRYPTO_HASH_ALG_SHA1:
+    case QCRYPTO_HASH_ALG_SHA256:
+        return true;
+    default:
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+int qcrypto_pbkdf2(QCryptoHashAlgorithm hash,
+                   const uint8_t *key, size_t nkey,
+                   const uint8_t *salt, size_t nsalt,
+                   unsigned int iterations,
+                   uint8_t *out, size_t nout,
+                   Error **errp)
+{
+    static const int hash_map[QCRYPTO_HASH_ALG__MAX] = {
+        [QCRYPTO_HASH_ALG_MD5] = GCRY_MD_MD5,
+        [QCRYPTO_HASH_ALG_SHA1] = GCRY_MD_SHA1,
+        [QCRYPTO_HASH_ALG_SHA256] = GCRY_MD_SHA256,
+    };
+    int ret;
+
+    if (hash >= G_N_ELEMENTS(hash_map) ||
+        hash_map[hash] == GCRY_MD_NONE) {
+        error_setg(errp, "Unexpected hash algorithm %d", hash);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    ret = gcry_kdf_derive(key, nkey, GCRY_KDF_PBKDF2,
+                          hash_map[hash],
+                          salt, nsalt, iterations,
+                          nout, out);
+    if (ret != 0) {
+        error_setg(errp, "Cannot derive password: %s",
+                   gcry_strerror(ret));
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/crypto/pbkdf-nettle.c b/crypto/pbkdf-nettle.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1aa7395ea5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crypto/pbkdf-nettle.c
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/*
+ * QEMU Crypto PBKDF support (Password-Based Key Derivation Function)
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2015-2016 Red Hat, Inc.
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "crypto/pbkdf.h"
+#include "nettle/pbkdf2.h"
+
+
+bool qcrypto_pbkdf2_supports(QCryptoHashAlgorithm hash)
+{
+    switch (hash) {
+    case QCRYPTO_HASH_ALG_SHA1:
+    case QCRYPTO_HASH_ALG_SHA256:
+        return true;
+    default:
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+int qcrypto_pbkdf2(QCryptoHashAlgorithm hash,
+                   const uint8_t *key, size_t nkey,
+                   const uint8_t *salt, size_t nsalt,
+                   unsigned int iterations,
+                   uint8_t *out, size_t nout,
+                   Error **errp)
+{
+    switch (hash) {
+    case QCRYPTO_HASH_ALG_SHA1:
+        pbkdf2_hmac_sha1(nkey, key,
+                         iterations,
+                         nsalt, salt,
+                         nout, out);
+        break;
+
+    case QCRYPTO_HASH_ALG_SHA256:
+        pbkdf2_hmac_sha256(nkey, key,
+                           iterations,
+                           nsalt, salt,
+                           nout, out);
+        break;
+
+    default:
+        error_setg_errno(errp, ENOSYS,
+                         "PBKDF does not support hash algorithm %d", hash);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/crypto/pbkdf-stub.c b/crypto/pbkdf-stub.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cfc30d3c2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crypto/pbkdf-stub.c
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*
+ * QEMU Crypto PBKDF support (Password-Based Key Derivation Function)
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2015-2016 Red Hat, Inc.
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "crypto/pbkdf.h"
+
+bool qcrypto_pbkdf2_supports(QCryptoHashAlgorithm hash G_GNUC_UNUSED)
+{
+    return false;
+}
+
+int qcrypto_pbkdf2(QCryptoHashAlgorithm hash G_GNUC_UNUSED,
+                   const uint8_t *key G_GNUC_UNUSED,
+                   size_t nkey G_GNUC_UNUSED,
+                   const uint8_t *salt G_GNUC_UNUSED,
+                   size_t nsalt G_GNUC_UNUSED,
+                   unsigned int iterations G_GNUC_UNUSED,
+                   uint8_t *out G_GNUC_UNUSED,
+                   size_t nout G_GNUC_UNUSED,
+                   Error **errp)
+{
+    error_setg_errno(errp, ENOSYS,
+                     "No crypto library supporting PBKDF in this build");
+    return -1;
+}
diff --git a/crypto/pbkdf.c b/crypto/pbkdf.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..90721d85d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crypto/pbkdf.c
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+/*
+ * QEMU Crypto PBKDF support (Password-Based Key Derivation Function)
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2015-2016 Red Hat, Inc.
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "crypto/pbkdf.h"
+#ifndef _WIN32
+#include <sys/resource.h>
+#endif
+
+
+static int qcrypto_pbkdf2_get_thread_cpu(unsigned long long *val_ms,
+                                         Error **errp)
+{
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    FILETIME creation_time, exit_time, kernel_time, user_time;
+    ULARGE_INTEGER thread_time;
+
+    if (!GetThreadTimes(GetCurrentThread(), &creation_time, &exit_time,
+                        &kernel_time, &user_time)) {
+        error_setg(errp, "Unable to get thread CPU usage");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    thread_time.LowPart = user_time.dwLowDateTime;
+    thread_time.HighPart = user_time.dwHighDateTime;
+
+    /* QuadPart is units of 100ns and we want ms as unit */
+    *val_ms = thread_time.QuadPart / 10000ll;
+    return 0;
+#elif defined(RUSAGE_THREAD)
+    struct rusage ru;
+    if (getrusage(RUSAGE_THREAD, &ru) < 0) {
+        error_setg_errno(errp, errno, "Unable to get thread CPU usage");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    *val_ms = ((ru.ru_utime.tv_sec * 1000ll) +
+               (ru.ru_utime.tv_usec / 1000));
+    return 0;
+#else
+    *val_ms = 0;
+    error_setg(errp, "Unable to calculate thread CPU usage on this platform");
+    return -1;
+#endif
+}
+
+int qcrypto_pbkdf2_count_iters(QCryptoHashAlgorithm hash,
+                               const uint8_t *key, size_t nkey,
+                               const uint8_t *salt, size_t nsalt,
+                               Error **errp)
+{
+    uint8_t out[32];
+    long long int iterations = (1 << 15);
+    unsigned long long delta_ms, start_ms, end_ms;
+
+    while (1) {
+        if (qcrypto_pbkdf2_get_thread_cpu(&start_ms, errp) < 0) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        if (qcrypto_pbkdf2(hash,
+                           key, nkey,
+                           salt, nsalt,
+                           iterations,
+                           out, sizeof(out),
+                           errp) < 0) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        if (qcrypto_pbkdf2_get_thread_cpu(&end_ms, errp) < 0) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        delta_ms = end_ms - start_ms;
+
+        if (delta_ms > 500) {
+            break;
+        } else if (delta_ms < 100) {
+            iterations = iterations * 10;
+        } else {
+            iterations = (iterations * 1000 / delta_ms);
+        }
+    }
+
+    iterations = iterations * 1000 / delta_ms;
+
+    if (iterations > INT32_MAX) {
+        error_setg(errp, "Iterations %lld too large for a 32-bit int",
+                   iterations);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    return iterations;
+}
diff --git a/include/crypto/pbkdf.h b/include/crypto/pbkdf.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..58a1fe62a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/crypto/pbkdf.h
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+/*
+ * QEMU Crypto PBKDF support (Password-Based Key Derivation Function)
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2015-2016 Red Hat, Inc.
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ */
+
+#ifndef QCRYPTO_PBKDF_H__
+#define QCRYPTO_PBKDF_H__
+
+#include "crypto/hash.h"
+
+/**
+ * This module provides an interface to the PBKDF2 algorithm
+ *
+ *   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBKDF2
+ *
+ * <example>
+ *   <title>Generating an AES encryption key from a user password</title>
+ *   <programlisting>
+ * #include "crypto/cipher.h"
+ * #include "crypto/random.h"
+ * #include "crypto/pbkdf.h"
+ *
+ * ....
+ *
+ * char *password = "a-typical-awful-user-password";
+ * size_t nkey = qcrypto_cipher_get_key_len(QCRYPTO_CIPHER_ALG_AES_128);
+ * uint8_t *salt = g_new0(uint8_t, nkey);
+ * uint8_t *key = g_new0(uint8_t, nkey);
+ * int iterations;
+ * QCryptoCipher *cipher;
+ *
+ * if (qcrypto_random_bytes(salt, nkey, errp) < 0) {
+ *     g_free(key);
+ *     g_free(salt);
+ *     return -1;
+ * }
+ *
+ * iterations = qcrypto_pbkdf2_count_iters(QCRYPTO_HASH_ALG_SHA256,
+ *                                         (const uint8_t *)password,
+ *                                         strlen(password),
+ *                                         salt, nkey, errp);
+ * if (iterations < 0) {
+ *     g_free(key);
+ *     g_free(salt);
+ *     return -1;
+ * }
+ *
+ * if (qcrypto_pbkdf2(QCRYPTO_HASH_ALG_SHA256,
+ *                    (const uint8_t *)password, strlen(password),
+ *                    salt, nkey, iterations, key, nkey, errp) < 0) {
+ *     g_free(key);
+ *     g_free(salt);
+ *     return -1;
+ * }
+ *
+ * g_free(salt);
+ *
+ * cipher = qcrypto_cipher_new(QCRYPTO_CIPHER_ALG_AES_128,
+ *                             QCRYPTO_CIPHER_MODE_ECB,
+ *                             key, nkey, errp);
+ * g_free(key);
+ *
+ * ....encrypt some data...
+ *
+ * qcrypto_cipher_free(cipher);
+ *   </programlisting>
+ * </example>
+ *
+ */
+
+/**
+ * qcrypto_pbkdf2_supports:
+ * @hash: the hash algorithm
+ *
+ * Determine if the current build supports the PBKDF2 algorithm
+ * in combination with the hash @hash.
+ *
+ * Returns true if supported, false otherwise
+ */
+bool qcrypto_pbkdf2_supports(QCryptoHashAlgorithm hash);
+
+
+/**
+ * qcrypto_pbkdf2:
+ * @hash: the hash algorithm to use
+ * @key: the user password / key
+ * @nkey: the length of @key in bytes
+ * @salt: a random salt
+ * @nsalt: length of @salt in bytes
+ * @iterations: the number of iterations to compute
+ * @out: pointer to pre-allocated buffer to hold output
+ * @nout: length of @out in bytes
+ * @errp: pointer to a NULL-initialized error object
+ *
+ * Apply the PBKDF2 algorithm to derive an encryption
+ * key from a user password provided in @key. The
+ * @salt parameter is used to perturb the algorithm.
+ * The @iterations count determines how many times
+ * the hashing process is run, which influences how
+ * hard it is to crack the key. The number of @iterations
+ * should be large enough such that the algorithm takes
+ * 1 second or longer to derive a key. The derived key
+ * will be stored in the preallocated buffer @out.
+ *
+ * Returns: 0 on success, -1 on error
+ */
+int qcrypto_pbkdf2(QCryptoHashAlgorithm hash,
+                   const uint8_t *key, size_t nkey,
+                   const uint8_t *salt, size_t nsalt,
+                   unsigned int iterations,
+                   uint8_t *out, size_t nout,
+                   Error **errp);
+
+/**
+ * qcrypto_pbkdf2_count_iters:
+ * @hash: the hash algorithm to use
+ * @key: the user password / key
+ * @nkey: the length of @key in bytes
+ * @salt: a random salt
+ * @nsalt: length of @salt in bytes
+ * @errp: pointer to a NULL-initialized error object
+ *
+ * Time the PBKDF2 algorithm to determine how many
+ * iterations are required to derive an encryption
+ * key from a user password provided in @key in 1
+ * second of compute time. The result of this can
+ * be used as a the @iterations parameter of a later
+ * call to qcrypto_pbkdf2().
+ *
+ * Returns: number of iterations in 1 second, -1 on error
+ */
+int qcrypto_pbkdf2_count_iters(QCryptoHashAlgorithm hash,
+                               const uint8_t *key, size_t nkey,
+                               const uint8_t *salt, size_t nsalt,
+                               Error **errp);
+
+#endif /* QCRYPTO_PBKDF_H__ */
diff --git a/tests/.gitignore b/tests/.gitignore
index 787c95c73d..db6b9beea8 100644
--- a/tests/.gitignore
+++ b/tests/.gitignore
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ test-blockjob-txn
 test-coroutine
 test-crypto-cipher
 test-crypto-hash
+test-crypto-pbkdf
 test-crypto-secret
 test-crypto-tlscredsx509
 test-crypto-tlscredsx509-work/
diff --git a/tests/Makefile b/tests/Makefile
index cd4bbd41ad..6e3b344e7c 100644
--- a/tests/Makefile
+++ b/tests/Makefile
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ check-unit-$(CONFIG_GNUTLS) += tests/test-io-channel-tls$(EXESUF)
 check-unit-y += tests/test-io-channel-command$(EXESUF)
 check-unit-y += tests/test-io-channel-buffer$(EXESUF)
 check-unit-y += tests/test-base64$(EXESUF)
+check-unit-$(if $(CONFIG_NETTLE),y,$(CONFIG_GCRYPT_KDF)) += tests/test-crypto-pbkdf$(EXESUF)
 
 check-block-$(CONFIG_POSIX) += tests/qemu-iotests-quick.sh
 
@@ -496,6 +497,7 @@ tests/test-io-channel-command$(EXESUF): tests/test-io-channel-command.o \
         tests/io-channel-helpers.o $(test-io-obj-y)
 tests/test-io-channel-buffer$(EXESUF): tests/test-io-channel-buffer.o \
         tests/io-channel-helpers.o $(test-io-obj-y)
+tests/test-crypto-pbkdf$(EXESUF): tests/test-crypto-pbkdf.o $(test-crypto-obj-y)
 
 libqos-obj-y = tests/libqos/pci.o tests/libqos/fw_cfg.o tests/libqos/malloc.o
 libqos-obj-y += tests/libqos/i2c.o tests/libqos/libqos.o
diff --git a/tests/test-crypto-pbkdf.c b/tests/test-crypto-pbkdf.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bb9c14c110
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test-crypto-pbkdf.c
@@ -0,0 +1,392 @@
+/*
+ * QEMU Crypto cipher algorithms
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2015-2016 Red Hat, Inc.
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "crypto/init.h"
+#ifndef _WIN32
+#include <sys/resource.h>
+#endif
+
+#if ((defined(CONFIG_NETTLE) || defined(CONFIG_GCRYPT)) && \
+     (defined(_WIN32) || defined(RUSAGE_THREAD)))
+#include "crypto/pbkdf.h"
+
+typedef struct QCryptoPbkdfTestData QCryptoPbkdfTestData;
+struct QCryptoPbkdfTestData {
+    const char *path;
+    QCryptoHashAlgorithm hash;
+    unsigned int iterations;
+    const char *key;
+    size_t nkey;
+    const char *salt;
+    size_t nsalt;
+    const char *out;
+    size_t nout;
+    bool slow;
+};
+
+/* This test data comes from cryptsetup package
+ *
+ *  $SRC/lib/crypto_backend/pbkdf2_generic.c
+ *
+ * under LGPLv2.1+ license
+ */
+static QCryptoPbkdfTestData test_data[] = {
+    /* RFC 3962 test data */
+    {
+        .path = "/crypto/pbkdf/rfc3962/sha1/iter1",
+        .hash = QCRYPTO_HASH_ALG_SHA1,
+        .iterations = 1,
+        .key = "password",
+        .nkey = 8,
+        .salt = "ATHENA.MIT.EDUraeburn",
+        .nsalt = 21,
+        .out = "\xcd\xed\xb5\x28\x1b\xb2\xf8\x01"
+               "\x56\x5a\x11\x22\xb2\x56\x35\x15"
+               "\x0a\xd1\xf7\xa0\x4b\xb9\xf3\xa3"
+               "\x33\xec\xc0\xe2\xe1\xf7\x08\x37",
+        .nout = 32
+    },
+    {
+        .path = "/crypto/pbkdf/rfc3962/sha1/iter2",
+        .hash = QCRYPTO_HASH_ALG_SHA1,
+        .iterations = 2,
+        .key = "password",
+        .nkey = 8,
+        .salt = "ATHENA.MIT.EDUraeburn",
+        .nsalt = 21,
+        .out = "\x01\xdb\xee\x7f\x4a\x9e\x24\x3e"
+               "\x98\x8b\x62\xc7\x3c\xda\x93\x5d"
+               "\xa0\x53\x78\xb9\x32\x44\xec\x8f"
+               "\x48\xa9\x9e\x61\xad\x79\x9d\x86",
+        .nout = 32
+    },
+    {
+        .path = "/crypto/pbkdf/rfc3962/sha1/iter1200a",
+        .hash = QCRYPTO_HASH_ALG_SHA1,
+        .iterations = 1200,
+        .key = "password",
+        .nkey = 8,
+        .salt = "ATHENA.MIT.EDUraeburn",
+        .nsalt = 21,
+        .out = "\x5c\x08\xeb\x61\xfd\xf7\x1e\x4e"
+               "\x4e\xc3\xcf\x6b\xa1\xf5\x51\x2b"
+               "\xa7\xe5\x2d\xdb\xc5\xe5\x14\x2f"
+               "\x70\x8a\x31\xe2\xe6\x2b\x1e\x13",
+        .nout = 32
+    },
+    {
+        .path = "/crypto/pbkdf/rfc3962/sha1/iter5",
+        .hash = QCRYPTO_HASH_ALG_SHA1,
+        .iterations = 5,
+        .key = "password",
+        .nkey = 8,
+        .salt = "\0224VxxV4\022", /* "\x1234567878563412 */
+        .nsalt = 8,
+        .out = "\xd1\xda\xa7\x86\x15\xf2\x87\xe6"
+               "\xa1\xc8\xb1\x20\xd7\x06\x2a\x49"
+               "\x3f\x98\xd2\x03\xe6\xbe\x49\xa6"
+               "\xad\xf4\xfa\x57\x4b\x6e\x64\xee",
+        .nout = 32
+    },
+    {
+        .path = "/crypto/pbkdf/rfc3962/sha1/iter1200b",
+        .hash = QCRYPTO_HASH_ALG_SHA1,
+        .iterations = 1200,
+        .key = "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"
+               "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX",
+        .nkey = 64,
+        .salt = "pass phrase equals block size",
+        .nsalt = 29,
+        .out = "\x13\x9c\x30\xc0\x96\x6b\xc3\x2b"
+               "\xa5\x5f\xdb\xf2\x12\x53\x0a\xc9"
+               "\xc5\xec\x59\xf1\xa4\x52\xf5\xcc"
+               "\x9a\xd9\x40\xfe\xa0\x59\x8e\xd1",
+        .nout = 32
+    },
+    {
+        .path = "/crypto/pbkdf/rfc3962/sha1/iter1200c",
+        .hash = QCRYPTO_HASH_ALG_SHA1,
+        .iterations = 1200,
+        .key = "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"
+               "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX",
+        .nkey = 65,
+        .salt = "pass phrase exceeds block size",
+        .nsalt = 30,
+        .out = "\x9c\xca\xd6\xd4\x68\x77\x0c\xd5"
+               "\x1b\x10\xe6\xa6\x87\x21\xbe\x61"
+               "\x1a\x8b\x4d\x28\x26\x01\xdb\x3b"
+               "\x36\xbe\x92\x46\x91\x5e\xc8\x2a",
+        .nout = 32
+    },
+    {
+        .path = "/crypto/pbkdf/rfc3962/sha1/iter50",
+        .hash = QCRYPTO_HASH_ALG_SHA1,
+        .iterations = 50,
+        .key = "\360\235\204\236", /* g-clef ("\xf09d849e) */
+        .nkey = 4,
+        .salt = "EXAMPLE.COMpianist",
+        .nsalt = 18,
+        .out = "\x6b\x9c\xf2\x6d\x45\x45\x5a\x43"
+               "\xa5\xb8\xbb\x27\x6a\x40\x3b\x39"
+               "\xe7\xfe\x37\xa0\xc4\x1e\x02\xc2"
+               "\x81\xff\x30\x69\xe1\xe9\x4f\x52",
+        .nout = 32
+    },
+
+    /* RFC-6070 test data */
+    {
+        .path = "/crypto/pbkdf/rfc6070/sha1/iter1",
+        .hash = QCRYPTO_HASH_ALG_SHA1,
+        .iterations = 1,
+        .key = "password",
+        .nkey = 8,
+        .salt = "salt",
+        .nsalt = 4,
+        .out = "\x0c\x60\xc8\x0f\x96\x1f\x0e\x71\xf3\xa9"
+               "\xb5\x24\xaf\x60\x12\x06\x2f\xe0\x37\xa6",
+        .nout = 20
+    },
+    {
+        .path = "/crypto/pbkdf/rfc6070/sha1/iter2",
+        .hash = QCRYPTO_HASH_ALG_SHA1,
+        .iterations = 2,
+        .key = "password",
+        .nkey = 8,
+        .salt = "salt",
+        .nsalt = 4,
+        .out = "\xea\x6c\x01\x4d\xc7\x2d\x6f\x8c\xcd\x1e"
+               "\xd9\x2a\xce\x1d\x41\xf0\xd8\xde\x89\x57",
+        .nout = 20
+    },
+    {
+        .path = "/crypto/pbkdf/rfc6070/sha1/iter4096",
+        .hash = QCRYPTO_HASH_ALG_SHA1,
+        .iterations = 4096,
+        .key = "password",
+        .nkey = 8,
+        .salt = "salt",
+        .nsalt = 4,
+        .out = "\x4b\x00\x79\x01\xb7\x65\x48\x9a\xbe\xad"
+               "\x49\xd9\x26\xf7\x21\xd0\x65\xa4\x29\xc1",
+        .nout = 20
+    },
+    {
+        .path = "/crypto/pbkdf/rfc6070/sha1/iter16777216",
+        .hash = QCRYPTO_HASH_ALG_SHA1,
+        .iterations = 16777216,
+        .key = "password",
+        .nkey = 8,
+        .salt = "salt",
+        .nsalt = 4,
+        .out = "\xee\xfe\x3d\x61\xcd\x4d\xa4\xe4\xe9\x94"
+               "\x5b\x3d\x6b\xa2\x15\x8c\x26\x34\xe9\x84",
+        .nout = 20,
+        .slow = true,
+    },
+    {
+        .path = "/crypto/pbkdf/rfc6070/sha1/iter4096a",
+        .hash = QCRYPTO_HASH_ALG_SHA1,
+        .iterations = 4096,
+        .key = "passwordPASSWORDpassword",
+        .nkey = 24,
+        .salt = "saltSALTsaltSALTsaltSALTsaltSALTsalt",
+        .nsalt = 36,
+        .out = "\x3d\x2e\xec\x4f\xe4\x1c\x84\x9b\x80\xc8"
+               "\xd8\x36\x62\xc0\xe4\x4a\x8b\x29\x1a\x96"
+               "\x4c\xf2\xf0\x70\x38",
+        .nout = 25
+    },
+    {
+        .path = "/crypto/pbkdf/rfc6070/sha1/iter4096b",
+        .hash = QCRYPTO_HASH_ALG_SHA1,
+        .iterations = 4096,
+        .key = "pass\0word",
+        .nkey = 9,
+        .salt = "sa\0lt",
+        .nsalt = 5,
+        .out = "\x56\xfa\x6a\xa7\x55\x48\x09\x9d\xcc\x37"
+               "\xd7\xf0\x34\x25\xe0\xc3",
+        .nout = 16
+    },
+
+    /* non-RFC misc test data */
+#ifdef CONFIG_NETTLE
+    {
+        /* empty password test.
+         * Broken with libgcrypt <= 1.5.0, hence CONFIG_NETTLE */
+        .path = "/crypto/pbkdf/nonrfc/sha1/iter2",
+        .hash = QCRYPTO_HASH_ALG_SHA1,
+        .iterations = 2,
+        .key = "",
+        .nkey = 0,
+        .salt = "salt",
+        .nsalt = 4,
+        .out = "\x13\x3a\x4c\xe8\x37\xb4\xd2\x52\x1e\xe2"
+               "\xbf\x03\xe1\x1c\x71\xca\x79\x4e\x07\x97",
+        .nout = 20
+    },
+#endif
+    {
+        /* Password exceeds block size test */
+        .path = "/crypto/pbkdf/nonrfc/sha256/iter1200",
+        .hash = QCRYPTO_HASH_ALG_SHA256,
+        .iterations = 1200,
+        .key = "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"
+               "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX",
+        .nkey = 65,
+        .salt = "pass phrase exceeds block size",
+        .nsalt = 30,
+        .out = "\x22\x34\x4b\xc4\xb6\xe3\x26\x75"
+               "\xa8\x09\x0f\x3e\xa8\x0b\xe0\x1d"
+               "\x5f\x95\x12\x6a\x2c\xdd\xc3\xfa"
+               "\xcc\x4a\x5e\x6d\xca\x04\xec\x58",
+        .nout = 32
+    },
+#if 0
+    {
+        .path = "/crypto/pbkdf/nonrfc/sha512/iter1200",
+        .hash = QCRYPTO_HASH_ALG_SHA512,
+        .iterations = 1200,
+        .key = "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"
+               "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"
+               "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"
+               "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX",
+        .nkey = 129,
+        .salt = "pass phrase exceeds block size",
+        .nsalt = 30,
+        .out = "\x0f\xb2\xed\x2c\x0e\x6e\xfb\x7d"
+               "\x7d\x8e\xdd\x58\x01\xb4\x59\x72"
+               "\x99\x92\x16\x30\x5e\xa4\x36\x8d"
+               "\x76\x14\x80\xf3\xe3\x7a\x22\xb9",
+        .nout = 32
+    },
+    {
+        .path = "/crypto/pbkdf/nonrfc/whirlpool/iter1200",
+        .hash = QCRYPTO_HASH_ALG_WHIRLPOOL,
+        .iterations = 1200,
+        .key = "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"
+               "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX",
+        .nkey = 65,
+        .salt = "pass phrase exceeds block size",
+        .nsalt = 30,
+        .out = "\x9c\x1c\x74\xf5\x88\x26\xe7\x6a"
+               "\x53\x58\xf4\x0c\x39\xe7\x80\x89"
+               "\x07\xc0\x31\x19\x9a\x50\xa2\x48"
+               "\xf1\xd9\xfe\x78\x64\xe5\x84\x50",
+        .nout = 32
+    }
+#endif
+};
+
+
+static inline char hex(int i)
+{
+    if (i < 10) {
+        return '0' + i;
+    }
+    return 'a' + (i - 10);
+}
+
+static char *hex_string(const uint8_t *bytes,
+                        size_t len)
+{
+    char *hexstr = g_new0(char, len * 2 + 1);
+    size_t i;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+        hexstr[i * 2] = hex((bytes[i] >> 4) & 0xf);
+        hexstr[i * 2 + 1] = hex(bytes[i] & 0xf);
+    }
+    hexstr[len * 2] = '\0';
+
+    return hexstr;
+}
+
+static void test_pbkdf(const void *opaque)
+{
+    const QCryptoPbkdfTestData *data = opaque;
+    size_t nout = data->nout;
+    uint8_t *out = g_new0(uint8_t, nout);
+    gchar *expect, *actual;
+
+    qcrypto_pbkdf2(data->hash,
+                   (uint8_t *)data->key, data->nkey,
+                   (uint8_t *)data->salt, data->nsalt,
+                   data->iterations,
+                   (uint8_t *)out, nout,
+                   &error_abort);
+
+    expect = hex_string((const uint8_t *)data->out, data->nout);
+    actual = hex_string(out, nout);
+
+    g_assert_cmpstr(actual, ==, expect);
+
+    g_free(actual);
+    g_free(expect);
+    g_free(out);
+}
+
+
+static void test_pbkdf_timing(void)
+{
+    uint8_t key[32];
+    uint8_t salt[32];
+    int iters;
+
+    memset(key, 0x5d, sizeof(key));
+    memset(salt, 0x7c, sizeof(salt));
+
+    iters = qcrypto_pbkdf2_count_iters(QCRYPTO_HASH_ALG_SHA256,
+                                       key, sizeof(key),
+                                       salt, sizeof(salt),
+                                       &error_abort);
+
+    g_assert(iters >= (1 << 15));
+}
+
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    size_t i;
+
+    g_test_init(&argc, &argv, NULL);
+
+    g_assert(qcrypto_init(NULL) == 0);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < G_N_ELEMENTS(test_data); i++) {
+        if (!test_data[i].slow ||
+            g_test_slow()) {
+            g_test_add_data_func(test_data[i].path, &test_data[i], test_pbkdf);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (g_test_slow()) {
+        g_test_add_func("/crypt0/pbkdf/timing", test_pbkdf_timing);
+    }
+
+    return g_test_run();
+}
+#else
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    return 0;
+}
+#endif