Merge remote-tracking branch 'remotes/kevin/tags/for-upstream' into staging

Block layer patches:

- Block graph change fixes (avoid loops, cope with non-tree graphs)
- bdrv_set_aio_context() related fixes
- HMP snapshot commands: Use only tag, not the ID to identify snapshots
- qmeu-img, commit: Error path fixes
- block/nvme: Build fix for gcc 9
- MAINTAINERS updates
- Fix various issues with bdrv_refresh_filename()
- Fix various iotests
- Include LUKS overhead in qemu-img measure for qcow2
- A fix for vmdk's image creation interface

# gpg: Signature made Mon 25 Feb 2019 14:18:15 GMT
# gpg:                using RSA key 7F09B272C88F2FD6
# gpg: Good signature from "Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>" [full]
# Primary key fingerprint: DC3D EB15 9A9A F95D 3D74  56FE 7F09 B272 C88F 2FD6

* remotes/kevin/tags/for-upstream: (71 commits)
  iotests: Skip 211 on insufficient memory
  vmdk: false positive of compat6 with hwversion not set
  iotests: add LUKS payload overhead to 178 qemu-img measure test
  qcow2: include LUKS payload overhead in qemu-img measure
  iotests.py: s/_/-/g on keys in qmp_log()
  iotests: Let 045 be run concurrently
  iotests: Filter SSH paths
  iotests.py: Filter filename in any string value
  iotests.py: Add is_str()
  iotests: Fix 207 to use QMP filters for qmp_log
  iotests: Fix 232 for LUKS
  iotests: Remove superfluous rm from 232
  iotests: Fix 237 for Python 2.x
  iotests: Re-add filename filters
  iotests: Test json:{} filenames of internal BDSs
  block: BDS options may lack the "driver" option
  block/null: Generate filename even with latency-ns
  block/curl: Implement bdrv_refresh_filename()
  block/curl: Harmonize option defaults
  block/nvme: Fix bdrv_refresh_filename()
  ...

Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>

83 files changed, 2191 insertions, 697 deletions

diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS
index 7be8c578ea..8f9f9d7c7d 100644
--- a/MAINTAINERS
+++ b/MAINTAINERS
@@ -1698,7 +1698,7 @@ F: include/scsi/*
 F: scsi/*
 
 Block Jobs
-M: Jeff Cody <jcody@redhat.com>
+M: John Snow <jsnow@redhat.com>
 L: qemu-block@nongnu.org
 S: Supported
 F: blockjob.c
@@ -1711,7 +1711,7 @@ F: block/commit.c
 F: block/stream.c
 F: block/mirror.c
 F: qapi/job.json
-T: git https://github.com/codyprime/qemu-kvm-jtc.git block
+T: git https://github.com/jnsnow/qemu.git jobs
 
 Block QAPI, monitor, command line
 M: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
@@ -2261,26 +2261,22 @@ F: block/vmdk.c
 
 RBD
 M: Josh Durgin <jdurgin@redhat.com>
-M: Jeff Cody <jcody@redhat.com>
 L: qemu-block@nongnu.org
 S: Supported
 F: block/rbd.c
-T: git https://github.com/codyprime/qemu-kvm-jtc.git block
 
 Sheepdog
 M: Liu Yuan <namei.unix@gmail.com>
-M: Jeff Cody <jcody@redhat.com>
 L: qemu-block@nongnu.org
-S: Supported
+L: sheepdog@lists.wpkg.org
+S: Odd Fixes
 F: block/sheepdog.c
-T: git https://github.com/codyprime/qemu-kvm-jtc.git block
 
 VHDX
-M: Jeff Cody <jcody@redhat.com>
+M: Jeff Cody <codyprime@gmail.com>
 L: qemu-block@nongnu.org
 S: Supported
 F: block/vhdx*
-T: git https://github.com/codyprime/qemu-kvm-jtc.git block
 
 VDI
 M: Stefan Weil <sw@weilnetz.de>
@@ -2310,34 +2306,26 @@ F: docs/interop/nbd.txt
 T: git https://repo.or.cz/qemu/ericb.git nbd
 
 NFS
-M: Jeff Cody <jcody@redhat.com>
 M: Peter Lieven <pl@kamp.de>
 L: qemu-block@nongnu.org
 S: Maintained
 F: block/nfs.c
-T: git https://github.com/codyprime/qemu-kvm-jtc.git block
 
 SSH
 M: Richard W.M. Jones <rjones@redhat.com>
-M: Jeff Cody <jcody@redhat.com>
 L: qemu-block@nongnu.org
 S: Supported
 F: block/ssh.c
-T: git https://github.com/codyprime/qemu-kvm-jtc.git block
 
 CURL
-M: Jeff Cody <jcody@redhat.com>
 L: qemu-block@nongnu.org
 S: Supported
 F: block/curl.c
-T: git https://github.com/codyprime/qemu-kvm-jtc.git block
 
 GLUSTER
-M: Jeff Cody <jcody@redhat.com>
 L: qemu-block@nongnu.org
 S: Supported
 F: block/gluster.c
-T: git https://github.com/codyprime/qemu-kvm-jtc.git block
 
 Null Block Driver
 M: Fam Zheng <fam@euphon.net>
diff --git a/block.c b/block.c
index 4ad0e90d7e..35e78e2172 100644
--- a/block.c
+++ b/block.c
@@ -152,53 +152,53 @@ int path_is_absolute(const char *path)
 #endif
 }
 
-/* if filename is absolute, just copy it to dest. Otherwise, build a
+/* if filename is absolute, just return its duplicate. Otherwise, build a
    path to it by considering it is relative to base_path. URL are
    supported. */
-void path_combine(char *dest, int dest_size,
-                  const char *base_path,
-                  const char *filename)
+char *path_combine(const char *base_path, const char *filename)
 {
+    const char *protocol_stripped = NULL;
     const char *p, *p1;
+    char *result;
     int len;
 
-    if (dest_size <= 0)
-        return;
     if (path_is_absolute(filename)) {
-        pstrcpy(dest, dest_size, filename);
-    } else {
-        const char *protocol_stripped = NULL;
+        return g_strdup(filename);
+    }
 
-        if (path_has_protocol(base_path)) {
-            protocol_stripped = strchr(base_path, ':');
-            if (protocol_stripped) {
-                protocol_stripped++;
-            }
+    if (path_has_protocol(base_path)) {
+        protocol_stripped = strchr(base_path, ':');
+        if (protocol_stripped) {
+            protocol_stripped++;
         }
-        p = protocol_stripped ?: base_path;
+    }
+    p = protocol_stripped ?: base_path;
 
-        p1 = strrchr(base_path, '/');
+    p1 = strrchr(base_path, '/');
 #ifdef _WIN32
-        {
-            const char *p2;
-            p2 = strrchr(base_path, '\\');
-            if (!p1 || p2 > p1)
-                p1 = p2;
+    {
+        const char *p2;
+        p2 = strrchr(base_path, '\\');
+        if (!p1 || p2 > p1) {
+            p1 = p2;
         }
+    }
 #endif
-        if (p1)
-            p1++;
-        else
-            p1 = base_path;
-        if (p1 > p)
-            p = p1;
-        len = p - base_path;
-        if (len > dest_size - 1)
-            len = dest_size - 1;
-        memcpy(dest, base_path, len);
-        dest[len] = '\0';
-        pstrcat(dest, dest_size, filename);
+    if (p1) {
+        p1++;
+    } else {
+        p1 = base_path;
     }
+    if (p1 > p) {
+        p = p1;
+    }
+    len = p - base_path;
+
+    result = g_malloc(len + strlen(filename) + 1);
+    memcpy(result, base_path, len);
+    strcpy(result + len, filename);
+
+    return result;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -303,30 +303,61 @@ fail:
     return -EACCES;
 }
 
-void bdrv_get_full_backing_filename_from_filename(const char *backed,
-                                                  const char *backing,
-                                                  char *dest, size_t sz,
-                                                  Error **errp)
+/*
+ * If @backing is empty, this function returns NULL without setting
+ * @errp.  In all other cases, NULL will only be returned with @errp
+ * set.
+ *
+ * Therefore, a return value of NULL without @errp set means that
+ * there is no backing file; if @errp is set, there is one but its
+ * absolute filename cannot be generated.
+ */
+char *bdrv_get_full_backing_filename_from_filename(const char *backed,
+                                                   const char *backing,
+                                                   Error **errp)
 {
-    if (backing[0] == '\0' || path_has_protocol(backing) ||
-        path_is_absolute(backing))
-    {
-        pstrcpy(dest, sz, backing);
+    if (backing[0] == '\0') {
+        return NULL;
+    } else if (path_has_protocol(backing) || path_is_absolute(backing)) {
+        return g_strdup(backing);
     } else if (backed[0] == '\0' || strstart(backed, "json:", NULL)) {
         error_setg(errp, "Cannot use relative backing file names for '%s'",
                    backed);
+        return NULL;
     } else {
-        path_combine(dest, sz, backed, backing);
+        return path_combine(backed, backing);
     }
 }
 
-void bdrv_get_full_backing_filename(BlockDriverState *bs, char *dest, size_t sz,
-                                    Error **errp)
+/*
+ * If @filename is empty or NULL, this function returns NULL without
+ * setting @errp.  In all other cases, NULL will only be returned with
+ * @errp set.
+ */
+static char *bdrv_make_absolute_filename(BlockDriverState *relative_to,
+                                         const char *filename, Error **errp)
 {
-    char *backed = bs->exact_filename[0] ? bs->exact_filename : bs->filename;
+    char *dir, *full_name;
 
-    bdrv_get_full_backing_filename_from_filename(backed, bs->backing_file,
-                                                 dest, sz, errp);
+    if (!filename || filename[0] == '\0') {
+        return NULL;
+    } else if (path_has_protocol(filename) || path_is_absolute(filename)) {
+        return g_strdup(filename);
+    }
+
+    dir = bdrv_dirname(relative_to, errp);
+    if (!dir) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    full_name = g_strconcat(dir, filename, NULL);
+    g_free(dir);
+    return full_name;
+}
+
+char *bdrv_get_full_backing_filename(BlockDriverState *bs, Error **errp)
+{
+    return bdrv_make_absolute_filename(bs, bs->backing_file, errp);
 }
 
 void bdrv_register(BlockDriver *bdrv)
@@ -1004,6 +1035,8 @@ static void bdrv_backing_attach(BdrvChild *c)
                "node is used as backing hd of '%s'",
                bdrv_get_device_or_node_name(parent));
 
+    bdrv_refresh_filename(backing_hd);
+
     parent->open_flags &= ~BDRV_O_NO_BACKING;
     pstrcpy(parent->backing_file, sizeof(parent->backing_file),
             backing_hd->filename);
@@ -1413,6 +1446,7 @@ static int bdrv_open_common(BlockDriverState *bs, BlockBackend *file,
     }
 
     if (file != NULL) {
+        bdrv_refresh_filename(blk_bs(file));
         filename = blk_bs(file)->filename;
     } else {
         /*
@@ -1954,13 +1988,32 @@ static int bdrv_child_check_perm(BdrvChild *c, BlockReopenQueue *q,
     ret = bdrv_check_update_perm(c->bs, q, perm, shared, ignore_children, errp);
     g_slist_free(ignore_children);
 
-    return ret;
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    if (!c->has_backup_perm) {
+        c->has_backup_perm = true;
+        c->backup_perm = c->perm;
+        c->backup_shared_perm = c->shared_perm;
+    }
+    /*
+     * Note: it's OK if c->has_backup_perm was already set, as we can find the
+     * same child twice during check_perm procedure
+     */
+
+    c->perm = perm;
+    c->shared_perm = shared;
+
+    return 0;
 }
 
 static void bdrv_child_set_perm(BdrvChild *c, uint64_t perm, uint64_t shared)
 {
     uint64_t cumulative_perms, cumulative_shared_perms;
 
+    c->has_backup_perm = false;
+
     c->perm = perm;
     c->shared_perm = shared;
 
@@ -1971,6 +2024,12 @@ static void bdrv_child_set_perm(BdrvChild *c, uint64_t perm, uint64_t shared)
 
 static void bdrv_child_abort_perm_update(BdrvChild *c)
 {
+    if (c->has_backup_perm) {
+        c->perm = c->backup_perm;
+        c->shared_perm = c->backup_shared_perm;
+        c->has_backup_perm = false;
+    }
+
     bdrv_abort_perm_update(c->bs);
 }
 
@@ -2309,8 +2368,6 @@ void bdrv_set_backing_hd(BlockDriverState *bs, BlockDriverState *backing_hd,
         bdrv_unref(backing_hd);
     }
 
-    bdrv_refresh_filename(bs);
-
 out:
     bdrv_refresh_limits(bs, NULL);
 }
@@ -2328,10 +2385,11 @@ out:
 int bdrv_open_backing_file(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *parent_options,
                            const char *bdref_key, Error **errp)
 {
-    char *backing_filename = g_malloc0(PATH_MAX);
+    char *backing_filename = NULL;
     char *bdref_key_dot;
     const char *reference = NULL;
     int ret = 0;
+    bool implicit_backing = false;
     BlockDriverState *backing_hd;
     QDict *options;
     QDict *tmp_parent_options = NULL;
@@ -2362,13 +2420,22 @@ int bdrv_open_backing_file(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *parent_options,
      */
     reference = qdict_get_try_str(parent_options, bdref_key);
     if (reference || qdict_haskey(options, "file.filename")) {
-        backing_filename[0] = '\0';
+        /* keep backing_filename NULL */
     } else if (bs->backing_file[0] == '\0' && qdict_size(options) == 0) {
         qobject_unref(options);
         goto free_exit;
     } else {
-        bdrv_get_full_backing_filename(bs, backing_filename, PATH_MAX,
-                                       &local_err);
+        if (qdict_size(options) == 0) {
+            /* If the user specifies options that do not modify the
+             * backing file's behavior, we might still consider it the
+             * implicit backing file.  But it's easier this way, and
+             * just specifying some of the backing BDS's options is
+             * only possible with -drive anyway (otherwise the QAPI
+             * schema forces the user to specify everything). */
+            implicit_backing = !strcmp(bs->auto_backing_file, bs->backing_file);
+        }
+
+        backing_filename = bdrv_get_full_backing_filename(bs, &local_err);
         if (local_err) {
             ret = -EINVAL;
             error_propagate(errp, local_err);
@@ -2389,9 +2456,8 @@ int bdrv_open_backing_file(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *parent_options,
         qdict_put_str(options, "driver", bs->backing_format);
     }
 
-    backing_hd = bdrv_open_inherit(*backing_filename ? backing_filename : NULL,
-                                   reference, options, 0, bs, &child_backing,
-                                   errp);
+    backing_hd = bdrv_open_inherit(backing_filename, reference, options, 0, bs,
+                                   &child_backing, errp);
     if (!backing_hd) {
         bs->open_flags |= BDRV_O_NO_BACKING;
         error_prepend(errp, "Could not open backing file: ");
@@ -2400,6 +2466,12 @@ int bdrv_open_backing_file(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *parent_options,
     }
     bdrv_set_aio_context(backing_hd, bdrv_get_aio_context(bs));
 
+    if (implicit_backing) {
+        bdrv_refresh_filename(backing_hd);
+        pstrcpy(bs->auto_backing_file, sizeof(bs->auto_backing_file),
+                backing_hd->filename);
+    }
+
     /* Hook up the backing file link; drop our reference, bs owns the
      * backing_hd reference now */
     bdrv_set_backing_hd(bs, backing_hd, &local_err);
@@ -2839,8 +2911,6 @@ static BlockDriverState *bdrv_open_inherit(const char *filename,
         g_free(child_key_dot);
     }
 
-    bdrv_refresh_filename(bs);
-
     /* Check if any unknown options were used */
     if (qdict_size(options) != 0) {
         const QDictEntry *entry = qdict_first(options);
@@ -3285,6 +3355,7 @@ int bdrv_reopen_prepare(BDRVReopenState *reopen_state, BlockReopenQueue *queue,
             if (local_err != NULL) {
                 error_propagate(errp, local_err);
             } else {
+                bdrv_refresh_filename(reopen_state->bs);
                 error_setg(errp, "failed while preparing to reopen image '%s'",
                            reopen_state->bs->filename);
             }
@@ -3542,7 +3613,9 @@ void bdrv_close_all(void)
 
 static bool should_update_child(BdrvChild *c, BlockDriverState *to)
 {
-    BdrvChild *to_c;
+    GQueue *queue;
+    GHashTable *found;
+    bool ret;
 
     if (c->role->stay_at_node) {
         return false;
@@ -3578,14 +3651,43 @@ static bool should_update_child(BdrvChild *c, BlockDriverState *to)
      * if A is a child of B, that means we cannot replace A by B there
      * because that would create a loop.  Silently detaching A from B
      * is also not really an option.  So overall just leaving A in
-     * place there is the most sensible choice. */
-    QLIST_FOREACH(to_c, &to->children, next) {
-        if (to_c == c) {
-            return false;
+     * place there is the most sensible choice.
+     *
+     * We would also create a loop in any cases where @c is only
+     * indirectly referenced by @to. Prevent this by returning false
+     * if @c is found (by breadth-first search) anywhere in the whole
+     * subtree of @to.
+     */
+
+    ret = true;
+    found = g_hash_table_new(NULL, NULL);
+    g_hash_table_add(found, to);
+    queue = g_queue_new();
+    g_queue_push_tail(queue, to);
+
+    while (!g_queue_is_empty(queue)) {
+        BlockDriverState *v = g_queue_pop_head(queue);
+        BdrvChild *c2;
+
+        QLIST_FOREACH(c2, &v->children, next) {
+            if (c2 == c) {
+                ret = false;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            if (g_hash_table_contains(found, c2->bs)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            g_queue_push_tail(queue, c2->bs);
+            g_hash_table_add(found, c2->bs);
         }
     }
 
-    return true;
+    g_queue_free(queue);
+    g_hash_table_destroy(found);
+
+    return ret;
 }
 
 void bdrv_replace_node(BlockDriverState *from, BlockDriverState *to,
@@ -3789,6 +3891,8 @@ int bdrv_change_backing_file(BlockDriverState *bs,
     if (ret == 0) {
         pstrcpy(bs->backing_file, sizeof(bs->backing_file), backing_file ?: "");
         pstrcpy(bs->backing_format, sizeof(bs->backing_format), backing_fmt ?: "");
+        pstrcpy(bs->auto_backing_file, sizeof(bs->auto_backing_file),
+                backing_file ?: "");
     }
     return ret;
 }
@@ -3881,7 +3985,10 @@ int bdrv_drop_intermediate(BlockDriverState *top, BlockDriverState *base,
     /* success - we can delete the intermediate states, and link top->base */
     /* TODO Check graph modification op blockers (BLK_PERM_GRAPH_MOD) once
      * we've figured out how they should work. */
-    backing_file_str = backing_file_str ? backing_file_str : base->filename;
+    if (!backing_file_str) {
+        bdrv_refresh_filename(base);
+        backing_file_str = base->filename;
+    }
 
     QLIST_FOREACH_SAFE(c, &top->parents, next_parent, next) {
         /* Check whether we are allowed to switch c from top to base */
@@ -4429,16 +4536,6 @@ bool bdrv_can_write_zeroes_with_unmap(BlockDriverState *bs)
     return bs->supported_zero_flags & BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP;
 }
 
-const char *bdrv_get_encrypted_filename(BlockDriverState *bs)
-{
-    if (bs->backing && bs->backing->bs->encrypted)
-        return bs->backing_file;
-    else if (bs->encrypted)
-        return bs->filename;
-    else
-        return NULL;
-}
-
 void bdrv_get_backing_filename(BlockDriverState *bs,
                                char *filename, int filename_size)
 {
@@ -4547,7 +4644,6 @@ BlockDriverState *bdrv_find_backing_image(BlockDriverState *bs,
     int is_protocol = 0;
     BlockDriverState *curr_bs = NULL;
     BlockDriverState *retval = NULL;
-    Error *local_error = NULL;
 
     if (!bs || !bs->drv || !backing_file) {
         return NULL;
@@ -4555,7 +4651,6 @@ BlockDriverState *bdrv_find_backing_image(BlockDriverState *bs,
 
     filename_full     = g_malloc(PATH_MAX);
     backing_file_full = g_malloc(PATH_MAX);
-    filename_tmp      = g_malloc(PATH_MAX);
 
     is_protocol = path_has_protocol(backing_file);
 
@@ -4564,41 +4659,43 @@ BlockDriverState *bdrv_find_backing_image(BlockDriverState *bs,
         /* If either of the filename paths is actually a protocol, then
          * compare unmodified paths; otherwise make paths relative */
         if (is_protocol || path_has_protocol(curr_bs->backing_file)) {
+            char *backing_file_full_ret;
+
             if (strcmp(backing_file, curr_bs->backing_file) == 0) {
                 retval = curr_bs->backing->bs;
                 break;
             }
             /* Also check against the full backing filename for the image */
-            bdrv_get_full_backing_filename(curr_bs, backing_file_full, PATH_MAX,
-                                           &local_error);
-            if (local_error == NULL) {
-                if (strcmp(backing_file, backing_file_full) == 0) {
+            backing_file_full_ret = bdrv_get_full_backing_filename(curr_bs,
+                                                                   NULL);
+            if (backing_file_full_ret) {
+                bool equal = strcmp(backing_file, backing_file_full_ret) == 0;
+                g_free(backing_file_full_ret);
+                if (equal) {
                     retval = curr_bs->backing->bs;
                     break;
                 }
-            } else {
-                error_free(local_error);
-                local_error = NULL;
             }
         } else {
             /* If not an absolute filename path, make it relative to the current
              * image's filename path */
-            path_combine(filename_tmp, PATH_MAX, curr_bs->filename,
-                         backing_file);
-
-            /* We are going to compare absolute pathnames */
-            if (!realpath(filename_tmp, filename_full)) {
+            filename_tmp = bdrv_make_absolute_filename(curr_bs, backing_file,
+                                                       NULL);
+            /* We are going to compare canonicalized absolute pathnames */
+            if (!filename_tmp || !realpath(filename_tmp, filename_full)) {
+                g_free(filename_tmp);
                 continue;
             }
+            g_free(filename_tmp);
 
             /* We need to make sure the backing filename we are comparing against
              * is relative to the current image filename (or absolute) */
-            path_combine(filename_tmp, PATH_MAX, curr_bs->filename,
-                         curr_bs->backing_file);
-
-            if (!realpath(filename_tmp, backing_file_full)) {
+            filename_tmp = bdrv_get_full_backing_filename(curr_bs, NULL);
+            if (!filename_tmp || !realpath(filename_tmp, backing_file_full)) {
+                g_free(filename_tmp);
                 continue;
             }
+            g_free(filename_tmp);
 
             if (strcmp(backing_file_full, filename_full) == 0) {
                 retval = curr_bs->backing->bs;
@@ -4609,7 +4706,6 @@ BlockDriverState *bdrv_find_backing_image(BlockDriverState *bs,
 
     g_free(filename_full);
     g_free(backing_file_full);
-    g_free(filename_tmp);
     return retval;
 }
 
@@ -5096,17 +5192,17 @@ void bdrv_img_create(const char *filename, const char *fmt,
     size = qemu_opt_get_size(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, img_size);
     if (backing_file && !(flags & BDRV_O_NO_BACKING)) {
         BlockDriverState *bs;
-        char *full_backing = g_new0(char, PATH_MAX);
+        char *full_backing;
         int back_flags;
         QDict *backing_options = NULL;
 
-        bdrv_get_full_backing_filename_from_filename(filename, backing_file,
-                                                     full_backing, PATH_MAX,
-                                                     &local_err);
+        full_backing =
+            bdrv_get_full_backing_filename_from_filename(filename, backing_file,
+                                                         &local_err);
         if (local_err) {
-            g_free(full_backing);
             goto out;
         }
+        assert(full_backing);
 
         /* backing files always opened read-only */
         back_flags = flags;
@@ -5227,6 +5323,9 @@ void bdrv_detach_aio_context(BlockDriverState *bs)
         bdrv_detach_aio_context(child->bs);
     }
 
+    if (bs->quiesce_counter) {
+        aio_enable_external(bs->aio_context);
+    }
     bs->aio_context = NULL;
 }
 
@@ -5240,6 +5339,10 @@ void bdrv_attach_aio_context(BlockDriverState *bs,
         return;
     }
 
+    if (bs->quiesce_counter) {
+        aio_disable_external(new_context);
+    }
+
     bs->aio_context = new_context;
 
     QLIST_FOREACH(child, &bs->children, next) {
@@ -5261,18 +5364,16 @@ void bdrv_attach_aio_context(BlockDriverState *bs,
     bs->walking_aio_notifiers = false;
 }
 
+/* The caller must own the AioContext lock for the old AioContext of bs, but it
+ * must not own the AioContext lock for new_context (unless new_context is
+ * the same as the current context of bs). */
 void bdrv_set_aio_context(BlockDriverState *bs, AioContext *new_context)
 {
-    AioContext *ctx = bdrv_get_aio_context(bs);
-
-    aio_disable_external(ctx);
-    bdrv_parent_drained_begin(bs, NULL, false);
-    bdrv_drain(bs); /* ensure there are no in-flight requests */
-
-    while (aio_poll(ctx, false)) {
-        /* wait for all bottom halves to execute */
+    if (bdrv_get_aio_context(bs) == new_context) {
+        return;
     }
 
+    bdrv_drained_begin(bs);
     bdrv_detach_aio_context(bs);
 
     /* This function executes in the old AioContext so acquire the new one in
@@ -5280,8 +5381,7 @@ void bdrv_set_aio_context(BlockDriverState *bs, AioContext *new_context)
      */
     aio_context_acquire(new_context);
     bdrv_attach_aio_context(bs, new_context);
-    bdrv_parent_drained_end(bs, NULL, false);
-    aio_enable_external(ctx);
+    bdrv_drained_end(bs);
     aio_context_release(new_context);
 }
 
@@ -5435,33 +5535,113 @@ out:
     return to_replace_bs;
 }
 
-static bool append_open_options(QDict *d, BlockDriverState *bs)
+/**
+ * Iterates through the list of runtime option keys that are said to
+ * be "strong" for a BDS.  An option is called "strong" if it changes
+ * a BDS's data.  For example, the null block driver's "size" and
+ * "read-zeroes" options are strong, but its "latency-ns" option is
+ * not.
+ *
+ * If a key returned by this function ends with a dot, all options
+ * starting with that prefix are strong.
+ */
+static const char *const *strong_options(BlockDriverState *bs,
+                                         const char *const *curopt)
+{
+    static const char *const global_options[] = {
+        "driver", "filename", NULL
+    };
+
+    if (!curopt) {
+        return &global_options[0];
+    }
+
+    curopt++;
+    if (curopt == &global_options[ARRAY_SIZE(global_options) - 1] && bs->drv) {
+        curopt = bs->drv->strong_runtime_opts;
+    }
+
+    return (curopt && *curopt) ? curopt : NULL;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Copies all strong runtime options from bs->options to the given
+ * QDict.  The set of strong option keys is determined by invoking
+ * strong_options().
+ *
+ * Returns true iff any strong option was present in bs->options (and
+ * thus copied to the target QDict) with the exception of "filename"
+ * and "driver".  The caller is expected to use this value to decide
+ * whether the existence of strong options prevents the generation of
+ * a plain filename.
+ */
+static bool append_strong_runtime_options(QDict *d, BlockDriverState *bs)
 {
-    const QDictEntry *entry;
-    QemuOptDesc *desc;
     bool found_any = false;
+    const char *const *option_name = NULL;
 
-    for (entry = qdict_first(bs->options); entry;
-         entry = qdict_next(bs->options, entry))
-    {
-        /* Exclude all non-driver-specific options */
-        for (desc = bdrv_runtime_opts.desc; desc->name; desc++) {
-            if (!strcmp(qdict_entry_key(entry), desc->name)) {
-                break;
+    if (!bs->drv) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    while ((option_name = strong_options(bs, option_name))) {
+        bool option_given = false;
+
+        assert(strlen(*option_name) > 0);
+        if ((*option_name)[strlen(*option_name) - 1] != '.') {
+            QObject *entry = qdict_get(bs->options, *option_name);
+            if (!entry) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            qdict_put_obj(d, *option_name, qobject_ref(entry));
+            option_given = true;
+        } else {
+            const QDictEntry *entry;
+            for (entry = qdict_first(bs->options); entry;
+                 entry = qdict_next(bs->options, entry))
+            {
+                if (strstart(qdict_entry_key(entry), *option_name, NULL)) {
+                    qdict_put_obj(d, qdict_entry_key(entry),
+                                  qobject_ref(qdict_entry_value(entry)));
+                    option_given = true;
+                }
             }
         }
-        if (desc->name) {
-            continue;
+
+        /* While "driver" and "filename" need to be included in a JSON filename,
+         * their existence does not prohibit generation of a plain filename. */
+        if (!found_any && option_given &&
+            strcmp(*option_name, "driver") && strcmp(*option_name, "filename"))
+        {
+            found_any = true;
         }
+    }
 
-        qdict_put_obj(d, qdict_entry_key(entry),
-                      qobject_ref(qdict_entry_value(entry)));
-        found_any = true;
+    if (!qdict_haskey(d, "driver")) {
+        /* Drivers created with bdrv_new_open_driver() may not have a
+         * @driver option.  Add it here. */
+        qdict_put_str(d, "driver", bs->drv->format_name);
     }
 
     return found_any;
 }
 
+/* Note: This function may return false positives; it may return true
+ * even if opening the backing file specified by bs's image header
+ * would result in exactly bs->backing. */
+static bool bdrv_backing_overridden(BlockDriverState *bs)
+{
+    if (bs->backing) {
+        return strcmp(bs->auto_backing_file,
+                      bs->backing->bs->filename);
+    } else {
+        /* No backing BDS, so if the image header reports any backing
+         * file, it must have been suppressed */
+        return bs->auto_backing_file[0] != '\0';
+    }
+}
+
 /* Updates the following BDS fields:
  *  - exact_filename: A filename which may be used for opening a block device
  *                    which (mostly) equals the given BDS (even without any
@@ -5477,92 +5657,108 @@ static bool append_open_options(QDict *d, BlockDriverState *bs)
 void bdrv_refresh_filename(BlockDriverState *bs)
 {
     BlockDriver *drv = bs->drv;
+    BdrvChild *child;
     QDict *opts;
+    bool backing_overridden;
+    bool generate_json_filename; /* Whether our default implementation should
+                                    fill exact_filename (false) or not (true) */
 
     if (!drv) {
         return;
     }
 
-    /* This BDS's file name will most probably depend on its file's name, so
-     * refresh that first */
-    if (bs->file) {
-        bdrv_refresh_filename(bs->file->bs);
+    /* This BDS's file name may depend on any of its children's file names, so
+     * refresh those first */
+    QLIST_FOREACH(child, &bs->children, next) {
+        bdrv_refresh_filename(child->bs);
+    }
+
+    if (bs->implicit) {
+        /* For implicit nodes, just copy everything from the single child */
+        child = QLIST_FIRST(&bs->children);
+        assert(QLIST_NEXT(child, next) == NULL);
+
+        pstrcpy(bs->exact_filename, sizeof(bs->exact_filename),
+                child->bs->exact_filename);
+        pstrcpy(bs->filename, sizeof(bs->filename), child->bs->filename);
+
+        bs->full_open_options = qobject_ref(child->bs->full_open_options);
+
+        return;
+    }
+
+    backing_overridden = bdrv_backing_overridden(bs);
+
+    if (bs->open_flags & BDRV_O_NO_IO) {
+        /* Without I/O, the backing file does not change anything.
+         * Therefore, in such a case (primarily qemu-img), we can
+         * pretend the backing file has not been overridden even if
+         * it technically has been. */
+        backing_overridden = false;
     }
 
+    /* Gather the options QDict */
+    opts = qdict_new();
+    generate_json_filename = append_strong_runtime_options(opts, bs);
+    generate_json_filename |= backing_overridden;
+
+    if (drv->bdrv_gather_child_options) {
+        /* Some block drivers may not want to present all of their children's
+         * options, or name them differently from BdrvChild.name */
+        drv->bdrv_gather_child_options(bs, opts, backing_overridden);
+    } else {
+        QLIST_FOREACH(child, &bs->children, next) {
+            if (child->role == &child_backing && !backing_overridden) {
+                /* We can skip the backing BDS if it has not been overridden */
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            qdict_put(opts, child->name,
+                      qobject_ref(child->bs->full_open_options));
+        }
+
+        if (backing_overridden && !bs->backing) {
+            /* Force no backing file */
+            qdict_put_null(opts, "backing");
+        }
+    }
+
+    qobject_unref(bs->full_open_options);
+    bs->full_open_options = opts;
+
     if (drv->bdrv_refresh_filename) {
         /* Obsolete information is of no use here, so drop the old file name
          * information before refreshing it */
         bs->exact_filename[0] = '\0';
-        if (bs->full_open_options) {
-            qobject_unref(bs->full_open_options);
-            bs->full_open_options = NULL;
-        }
 
-        opts = qdict_new();
-        append_open_options(opts, bs);
-        drv->bdrv_refresh_filename(bs, opts);
-        qobject_unref(opts);
+        drv->bdrv_refresh_filename(bs);
     } else if (bs->file) {
         /* Try to reconstruct valid information from the underlying file */
-        bool has_open_options;
 
         bs->exact_filename[0] = '\0';
-        if (bs->full_open_options) {
-            qobject_unref(bs->full_open_options);
-            bs->full_open_options = NULL;
-        }
-
-        opts = qdict_new();
-        has_open_options = append_open_options(opts, bs);
 
-        /* If no specific options have been given for this BDS, the filename of
-         * the underlying file should suffice for this one as well */
-        if (bs->file->bs->exact_filename[0] && !has_open_options) {
+        /*
+         * We can use the underlying file's filename if:
+         * - it has a filename,
+         * - the file is a protocol BDS, and
+         * - opening that file (as this BDS's format) will automatically create
+         *   the BDS tree we have right now, that is:
+         *   - the user did not significantly change this BDS's behavior with
+         *     some explicit (strong) options
+         *   - no non-file child of this BDS has been overridden by the user
+         *   Both of these conditions are represented by generate_json_filename.
+         */
+        if (bs->file->bs->exact_filename[0] &&
+            bs->file->bs->drv->bdrv_file_open &&
+            !generate_json_filename)
+        {
             strcpy(bs->exact_filename, bs->file->bs->exact_filename);
         }
-        /* Reconstructing the full options QDict is simple for most format block
-         * drivers, as long as the full options are known for the underlying
-         * file BDS. The full options QDict of that file BDS should somehow
-         * contain a representation of the filename, therefore the following
-         * suffices without querying the (exact_)filename of this BDS. */
-        if (bs->file->bs->full_open_options) {
-            qdict_put_str(opts, "driver", drv->format_name);
-            qdict_put(opts, "file",
-                      qobject_ref(bs->file->bs->full_open_options));
-
-            bs->full_open_options = opts;
-        } else {
-            qobject_unref(opts);
-        }
-    } else if (!bs->full_open_options && qdict_size(bs->options)) {
-        /* There is no underlying file BDS (at least referenced by BDS.file),
-         * so the full options QDict should be equal to the options given
-         * specifically for this block device when it was opened (plus the
-         * driver specification).
-         * Because those options don't change, there is no need to update
-         * full_open_options when it's already set. */
-
-        opts = qdict_new();
-        append_open_options(opts, bs);
-        qdict_put_str(opts, "driver", drv->format_name);
-
-        if (bs->exact_filename[0]) {
-            /* This may not work for all block protocol drivers (some may
-             * require this filename to be parsed), but we have to find some
-             * default solution here, so just include it. If some block driver
-             * does not support pure options without any filename at all or
-             * needs some special format of the options QDict, it needs to
-             * implement the driver-specific bdrv_refresh_filename() function.
-             */
-            qdict_put_str(opts, "filename", bs->exact_filename);
-        }
-
-        bs->full_open_options = opts;
     }
 
     if (bs->exact_filename[0]) {
         pstrcpy(bs->filename, sizeof(bs->filename), bs->exact_filename);
-    } else if (bs->full_open_options) {
+    } else {
         QString *json = qobject_to_json(QOBJECT(bs->full_open_options));
         snprintf(bs->filename, sizeof(bs->filename), "json:%s",
                  qstring_get_str(json));
@@ -5570,6 +5766,33 @@ void bdrv_refresh_filename(BlockDriverState *bs)
     }
 }
 
+char *bdrv_dirname(BlockDriverState *bs, Error **errp)
+{
+    BlockDriver *drv = bs->drv;
+
+    if (!drv) {
+        error_setg(errp, "Node '%s' is ejected", bs->node_name);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (drv->bdrv_dirname) {
+        return drv->bdrv_dirname(bs, errp);
+    }
+
+    if (bs->file) {
+        return bdrv_dirname(bs->file->bs, errp);
+    }
+
+    bdrv_refresh_filename(bs);
+    if (bs->exact_filename[0] != '\0') {
+        return path_combine(bs->exact_filename, "");
+    }
+
+    error_setg(errp, "Cannot generate a base directory for %s nodes",
+               drv->format_name);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
 /*
  * Hot add/remove a BDS's child. So the user can take a child offline when
  * it is broken and take a new child online
diff --git a/block/blkdebug.c b/block/blkdebug.c
index 0759452925..1ea835c2b9 100644
--- a/block/blkdebug.c
+++ b/block/blkdebug.c
@@ -811,51 +811,37 @@ static int64_t blkdebug_getlength(BlockDriverState *bs)
     return bdrv_getlength(bs->file->bs);
 }
 
-static void blkdebug_refresh_filename(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options)
+static void blkdebug_refresh_filename(BlockDriverState *bs)
 {
     BDRVBlkdebugState *s = bs->opaque;
-    QDict *opts;
     const QDictEntry *e;
-    bool force_json = false;
-
-    for (e = qdict_first(options); e; e = qdict_next(options, e)) {
-        if (strcmp(qdict_entry_key(e), "config") &&
-            strcmp(qdict_entry_key(e), "x-image"))
-        {
-            force_json = true;
-            break;
-        }
-    }
+    int ret;
 
-    if (force_json && !bs->file->bs->full_open_options) {
-        /* The config file cannot be recreated, so creating a plain filename
-         * is impossible */
+    if (!bs->file->bs->exact_filename[0]) {
         return;
     }
 
-    if (!force_json && bs->file->bs->exact_filename[0]) {
-        int ret = snprintf(bs->exact_filename, sizeof(bs->exact_filename),
-                           "blkdebug:%s:%s", s->config_file ?: "",
-                           bs->file->bs->exact_filename);
-        if (ret >= sizeof(bs->exact_filename)) {
-            /* An overflow makes the filename unusable, so do not report any */
-            bs->exact_filename[0] = 0;
+    for (e = qdict_first(bs->full_open_options); e;
+         e = qdict_next(bs->full_open_options, e))
+    {
+        /* Real child options are under "image", but "x-image" may
+         * contain a filename */
+        if (strcmp(qdict_entry_key(e), "config") &&
+            strcmp(qdict_entry_key(e), "image") &&
+            strcmp(qdict_entry_key(e), "x-image") &&
+            strcmp(qdict_entry_key(e), "driver"))
+        {
+            return;
         }
     }
 
-    opts = qdict_new();
-    qdict_put_str(opts, "driver", "blkdebug");
-
-    qdict_put(opts, "image", qobject_ref(bs->file->bs->full_open_options));
-
-    for (e = qdict_first(options); e; e = qdict_next(options, e)) {
-        if (strcmp(qdict_entry_key(e), "x-image")) {
-            qdict_put_obj(opts, qdict_entry_key(e),
-                          qobject_ref(qdict_entry_value(e)));
-        }
+    ret = snprintf(bs->exact_filename, sizeof(bs->exact_filename),
+                   "blkdebug:%s:%s",
+                   s->config_file ?: "", bs->file->bs->exact_filename);
+    if (ret >= sizeof(bs->exact_filename)) {
+        /* An overflow makes the filename unusable, so do not report any */
+        bs->exact_filename[0] = 0;
     }
-
-    bs->full_open_options = opts;
 }
 
 static void blkdebug_refresh_limits(BlockDriverState *bs, Error **errp)
@@ -888,6 +874,20 @@ static int blkdebug_reopen_prepare(BDRVReopenState *reopen_state,
     return 0;
 }
 
+static const char *const blkdebug_strong_runtime_opts[] = {
+    "config",
+    "inject-error.",
+    "set-state.",
+    "align",
+    "max-transfer",
+    "opt-write-zero",
+    "max-write-zero",
+    "opt-discard",
+    "max-discard",
+
+    NULL
+};
+
 static BlockDriver bdrv_blkdebug = {
     .format_name            = "blkdebug",
     .protocol_name          = "blkdebug",
@@ -917,6 +917,8 @@ static BlockDriver bdrv_blkdebug = {
                                 = blkdebug_debug_remove_breakpoint,
     .bdrv_debug_resume          = blkdebug_debug_resume,
     .bdrv_debug_is_suspended    = blkdebug_debug_is_suspended,
+
+    .strong_runtime_opts        = blkdebug_strong_runtime_opts,
 };
 
 static void bdrv_blkdebug_init(void)
diff --git a/block/blklogwrites.c b/block/blklogwrites.c
index d2e01bdb1d..eb2b4901a5 100644
--- a/block/blklogwrites.c
+++ b/block/blklogwrites.c
@@ -280,30 +280,6 @@ static int64_t blk_log_writes_getlength(BlockDriverState *bs)
     return bdrv_getlength(bs->file->bs);
 }
 
-static void blk_log_writes_refresh_filename(BlockDriverState *bs,
-                                            QDict *options)
-{
-    BDRVBlkLogWritesState *s = bs->opaque;
-
-    /* bs->file->bs has already been refreshed */
-    bdrv_refresh_filename(s->log_file->bs);
-
-    if (bs->file->bs->full_open_options
-        && s->log_file->bs->full_open_options)
-    {
-        QDict *opts = qdict_new();
-        qdict_put_str(opts, "driver", "blklogwrites");
-
-        qobject_ref(bs->file->bs->full_open_options);
-        qdict_put(opts, "file", bs->file->bs->full_open_options);
-        qobject_ref(s->log_file->bs->full_open_options);
-        qdict_put(opts, "log", s->log_file->bs->full_open_options);
-        qdict_put_int(opts, "log-sector-size", s->sectorsize);
-
-        bs->full_open_options = opts;
-    }
-}
-
 static void blk_log_writes_child_perm(BlockDriverState *bs, BdrvChild *c,
                                       const BdrvChildRole *role,
                                       BlockReopenQueue *ro_q,
@@ -520,6 +496,13 @@ blk_log_writes_co_pdiscard(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset, int count)
                                  LOG_DISCARD_FLAG, false);
 }
 
+static const char *const blk_log_writes_strong_runtime_opts[] = {
+    "log-append",
+    "log-sector-size",
+
+    NULL
+};
+
 static BlockDriver bdrv_blk_log_writes = {
     .format_name            = "blklogwrites",
     .instance_size          = sizeof(BDRVBlkLogWritesState),
@@ -527,7 +510,6 @@ static BlockDriver bdrv_blk_log_writes = {
     .bdrv_open              = blk_log_writes_open,
     .bdrv_close             = blk_log_writes_close,
     .bdrv_getlength         = blk_log_writes_getlength,
-    .bdrv_refresh_filename  = blk_log_writes_refresh_filename,
     .bdrv_child_perm        = blk_log_writes_child_perm,
     .bdrv_refresh_limits    = blk_log_writes_refresh_limits,
 
@@ -539,6 +521,7 @@ static BlockDriver bdrv_blk_log_writes = {
     .bdrv_co_block_status   = bdrv_co_block_status_from_file,
 
     .is_filter              = true,
+    .strong_runtime_opts    = blk_log_writes_strong_runtime_opts,
 };
 
 static void bdrv_blk_log_writes_init(void)
diff --git a/block/blkverify.c b/block/blkverify.c
index 89bf4386e3..3ff77ff49a 100644
--- a/block/blkverify.c
+++ b/block/blkverify.c
@@ -281,27 +281,10 @@ static bool blkverify_recurse_is_first_non_filter(BlockDriverState *bs,
     return bdrv_recurse_is_first_non_filter(s->test_file->bs, candidate);
 }
 
-static void blkverify_refresh_filename(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options)
+static void blkverify_refresh_filename(BlockDriverState *bs)
 {
     BDRVBlkverifyState *s = bs->opaque;
 
-    /* bs->file->bs has already been refreshed */
-    bdrv_refresh_filename(s->test_file->bs);
-
-    if (bs->file->bs->full_open_options
-        && s->test_file->bs->full_open_options)
-    {
-        QDict *opts = qdict_new();
-        qdict_put_str(opts, "driver", "blkverify");
-
-        qdict_put(opts, "raw",
-                  qobject_ref(bs->file->bs->full_open_options));
-        qdict_put(opts, "test",
-                  qobject_ref(s->test_file->bs->full_open_options));
-
-        bs->full_open_options = opts;
-    }
-
     if (bs->file->bs->exact_filename[0]
         && s->test_file->bs->exact_filename[0])
     {
@@ -316,6 +299,15 @@ static void blkverify_refresh_filename(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options)
     }
 }
 
+static char *blkverify_dirname(BlockDriverState *bs, Error **errp)
+{
+    /* In general, there are two BDSs with different dirnames below this one;
+     * so there is no unique dirname we could return (unless both are equal by
+     * chance). Therefore, to be consistent, just always return NULL. */
+    error_setg(errp, "Cannot generate a base directory for blkverify nodes");
+    return NULL;
+}
+
 static BlockDriver bdrv_blkverify = {
     .format_name                      = "blkverify",
     .protocol_name                    = "blkverify",
@@ -327,6 +319,7 @@ static BlockDriver bdrv_blkverify = {
     .bdrv_child_perm                  = bdrv_filter_default_perms,
     .bdrv_getlength                   = blkverify_getlength,
     .bdrv_refresh_filename            = blkverify_refresh_filename,
+    .bdrv_dirname                     = blkverify_dirname,
 
     .bdrv_co_preadv                   = blkverify_co_preadv,
     .bdrv_co_pwritev                  = blkverify_co_pwritev,
diff --git a/block/block-backend.c b/block/block-backend.c
index 6cc25569ef..edad02a0f2 100644
--- a/block/block-backend.c
+++ b/block/block-backend.c
@@ -1253,12 +1253,12 @@ int blk_make_zero(BlockBackend *blk, BdrvRequestFlags flags)
     return bdrv_make_zero(blk->root, flags);
 }
 
-static void blk_inc_in_flight(BlockBackend *blk)
+void blk_inc_in_flight(BlockBackend *blk)
 {
     atomic_inc(&blk->in_flight);
 }
 
-static void blk_dec_in_flight(BlockBackend *blk)
+void blk_dec_in_flight(BlockBackend *blk)
 {
     atomic_dec(&blk->in_flight);
     aio_wait_kick();
diff --git a/block/commit.c b/block/commit.c
index d500a93068..3b46ca7f97 100644
--- a/block/commit.c
+++ b/block/commit.c
@@ -225,9 +225,8 @@ static int coroutine_fn bdrv_commit_top_preadv(BlockDriverState *bs,
     return bdrv_co_preadv(bs->backing, offset, bytes, qiov, flags);
 }
 
-static void bdrv_commit_top_refresh_filename(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *opts)
+static void bdrv_commit_top_refresh_filename(BlockDriverState *bs)
 {
-    bdrv_refresh_filename(bs->backing->bs);
     pstrcpy(bs->exact_filename, sizeof(bs->exact_filename),
             bs->backing->bs->filename);
 }
@@ -369,10 +368,12 @@ fail:
     if (s->top) {
         blk_unref(s->top);
     }
+    job_early_fail(&s->common.job);
+    /* commit_top_bs has to be replaced after deleting the block job,
+     * otherwise this would fail because of lack of permissions. */
     if (commit_top_bs) {
         bdrv_replace_node(commit_top_bs, top, &error_abort);
     }
-    job_early_fail(&s->common.job);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/block/crypto.c b/block/crypto.c
index d5b1da66a1..fd8c7cfac6 100644
--- a/block/crypto.c
+++ b/block/crypto.c
@@ -619,6 +619,12 @@ block_crypto_get_specific_info_luks(BlockDriverState *bs, Error **errp)
     return spec_info;
 }
 
+static const char *const block_crypto_strong_runtime_opts[] = {
+    BLOCK_CRYPTO_OPT_LUKS_KEY_SECRET,
+
+    NULL
+};
+
 BlockDriver bdrv_crypto_luks = {
     .format_name        = "luks",
     .instance_size      = sizeof(BlockCrypto),
@@ -640,6 +646,8 @@ BlockDriver bdrv_crypto_luks = {
     .bdrv_getlength     = block_crypto_getlength,
     .bdrv_get_info      = block_crypto_get_info_luks,
     .bdrv_get_specific_info = block_crypto_get_specific_info_luks,
+
+    .strong_runtime_opts = block_crypto_strong_runtime_opts,
 };
 
 static void block_crypto_init(void)
diff --git a/block/curl.c b/block/curl.c
index b7ac265d3a..606709fea4 100644
--- a/block/curl.c
+++ b/block/curl.c
@@ -61,8 +61,6 @@ static CURLMcode __curl_multi_socket_action(CURLM *multi_handle,
 
 #define CURL_NUM_STATES 8
 #define CURL_NUM_ACB    8
-#define READ_AHEAD_DEFAULT (256 * 1024)
-#define CURL_TIMEOUT_DEFAULT 5
 #define CURL_TIMEOUT_MAX 10000
 
 #define CURL_BLOCK_OPT_URL       "url"
@@ -76,6 +74,10 @@ static CURLMcode __curl_multi_socket_action(CURLM *multi_handle,
 #define CURL_BLOCK_OPT_PROXY_USERNAME "proxy-username"
 #define CURL_BLOCK_OPT_PROXY_PASSWORD_SECRET "proxy-password-secret"
 
+#define CURL_BLOCK_OPT_READAHEAD_DEFAULT (256 * 1024)
+#define CURL_BLOCK_OPT_SSLVERIFY_DEFAULT true
+#define CURL_BLOCK_OPT_TIMEOUT_DEFAULT 5
+
 struct BDRVCURLState;
 
 static bool libcurl_initialized;
@@ -696,7 +698,7 @@ static int curl_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
     }
 
     s->readahead_size = qemu_opt_get_size(opts, CURL_BLOCK_OPT_READAHEAD,
-                                          READ_AHEAD_DEFAULT);
+                                          CURL_BLOCK_OPT_READAHEAD_DEFAULT);
     if ((s->readahead_size & 0x1ff) != 0) {
         error_setg(errp, "HTTP_READAHEAD_SIZE %zd is not a multiple of 512",
                    s->readahead_size);
@@ -704,13 +706,14 @@ static int curl_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
     }
 
     s->timeout = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, CURL_BLOCK_OPT_TIMEOUT,
-                                     CURL_TIMEOUT_DEFAULT);
+                                     CURL_BLOCK_OPT_TIMEOUT_DEFAULT);
     if (s->timeout > CURL_TIMEOUT_MAX) {
         error_setg(errp, "timeout parameter is too large or negative");
         goto out_noclean;
     }
 
-    s->sslverify = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, CURL_BLOCK_OPT_SSLVERIFY, true);
+    s->sslverify = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, CURL_BLOCK_OPT_SSLVERIFY,
+                                     CURL_BLOCK_OPT_SSLVERIFY_DEFAULT);
 
     cookie = qemu_opt_get(opts, CURL_BLOCK_OPT_COOKIE);
     cookie_secret = qemu_opt_get(opts, CURL_BLOCK_OPT_COOKIE_SECRET);
@@ -947,6 +950,36 @@ static int64_t curl_getlength(BlockDriverState *bs)
     return s->len;
 }
 
+static void curl_refresh_filename(BlockDriverState *bs)
+{
+    BDRVCURLState *s = bs->opaque;
+
+    /* "readahead" and "timeout" do not change the guest-visible data,
+     * so ignore them */
+    if (s->sslverify != CURL_BLOCK_OPT_SSLVERIFY_DEFAULT ||
+        s->cookie || s->username || s->password || s->proxyusername ||
+        s->proxypassword)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    pstrcpy(bs->exact_filename, sizeof(bs->exact_filename), s->url);
+}
+
+
+static const char *const curl_strong_runtime_opts[] = {
+    CURL_BLOCK_OPT_URL,
+    CURL_BLOCK_OPT_SSLVERIFY,
+    CURL_BLOCK_OPT_COOKIE,
+    CURL_BLOCK_OPT_COOKIE_SECRET,
+    CURL_BLOCK_OPT_USERNAME,
+    CURL_BLOCK_OPT_PASSWORD_SECRET,
+    CURL_BLOCK_OPT_PROXY_USERNAME,
+    CURL_BLOCK_OPT_PROXY_PASSWORD_SECRET,
+
+    NULL
+};
+
 static BlockDriver bdrv_http = {
     .format_name                = "http",
     .protocol_name              = "http",
@@ -961,6 +994,9 @@ static BlockDriver bdrv_http = {
 
     .bdrv_detach_aio_context    = curl_detach_aio_context,
     .bdrv_attach_aio_context    = curl_attach_aio_context,
+
+    .bdrv_refresh_filename      = curl_refresh_filename,
+    .strong_runtime_opts        = curl_strong_runtime_opts,
 };
 
 static BlockDriver bdrv_https = {
@@ -977,6 +1013,9 @@ static BlockDriver bdrv_https = {
 
     .bdrv_detach_aio_context    = curl_detach_aio_context,
     .bdrv_attach_aio_context    = curl_attach_aio_context,
+
+    .bdrv_refresh_filename      = curl_refresh_filename,
+    .strong_runtime_opts        = curl_strong_runtime_opts,
 };
 
 static BlockDriver bdrv_ftp = {
@@ -993,6 +1032,9 @@ static BlockDriver bdrv_ftp = {
 
     .bdrv_detach_aio_context    = curl_detach_aio_context,
     .bdrv_attach_aio_context    = curl_attach_aio_context,
+
+    .bdrv_refresh_filename      = curl_refresh_filename,
+    .strong_runtime_opts        = curl_strong_runtime_opts,
 };
 
 static BlockDriver bdrv_ftps = {
@@ -1009,6 +1051,9 @@ static BlockDriver bdrv_ftps = {
 
     .bdrv_detach_aio_context    = curl_detach_aio_context,
     .bdrv_attach_aio_context    = curl_attach_aio_context,
+
+    .bdrv_refresh_filename      = curl_refresh_filename,
+    .strong_runtime_opts        = curl_strong_runtime_opts,
 };
 
 static void curl_block_init(void)
diff --git a/block/gluster.c b/block/gluster.c
index 72891060e3..af64330211 100644
--- a/block/gluster.c
+++ b/block/gluster.c
@@ -1495,6 +1495,21 @@ static int coroutine_fn qemu_gluster_co_block_status(BlockDriverState *bs,
 }
 
 
+static const char *const gluster_strong_open_opts[] = {
+    GLUSTER_OPT_VOLUME,
+    GLUSTER_OPT_PATH,
+    GLUSTER_OPT_TYPE,
+    GLUSTER_OPT_SERVER_PATTERN,
+    GLUSTER_OPT_HOST,
+    GLUSTER_OPT_PORT,
+    GLUSTER_OPT_TO,
+    GLUSTER_OPT_IPV4,
+    GLUSTER_OPT_IPV6,
+    GLUSTER_OPT_SOCKET,
+
+    NULL
+};
+
 static BlockDriver bdrv_gluster = {
     .format_name                  = "gluster",
     .protocol_name                = "gluster",
@@ -1522,6 +1537,7 @@ static BlockDriver bdrv_gluster = {
 #endif
     .bdrv_co_block_status         = qemu_gluster_co_block_status,
     .create_opts                  = &qemu_gluster_create_opts,
+    .strong_runtime_opts          = gluster_strong_open_opts,
 };
 
 static BlockDriver bdrv_gluster_tcp = {
@@ -1551,6 +1567,7 @@ static BlockDriver bdrv_gluster_tcp = {
 #endif
     .bdrv_co_block_status         = qemu_gluster_co_block_status,
     .create_opts                  = &qemu_gluster_create_opts,
+    .strong_runtime_opts          = gluster_strong_open_opts,
 };
 
 static BlockDriver bdrv_gluster_unix = {
@@ -1580,6 +1597,7 @@ static BlockDriver bdrv_gluster_unix = {
 #endif
     .bdrv_co_block_status         = qemu_gluster_co_block_status,
     .create_opts                  = &qemu_gluster_create_opts,
+    .strong_runtime_opts          = gluster_strong_open_opts,
 };
 
 /* rdma is deprecated (actually never supported for volfile fetch).
@@ -1615,6 +1633,7 @@ static BlockDriver bdrv_gluster_rdma = {
 #endif
     .bdrv_co_block_status         = qemu_gluster_co_block_status,
     .create_opts                  = &qemu_gluster_create_opts,
+    .strong_runtime_opts          = gluster_strong_open_opts,
 };
 
 static void bdrv_gluster_init(void)
diff --git a/block/iscsi.c b/block/iscsi.c
index ff473206e6..a0c0084837 100644
--- a/block/iscsi.c
+++ b/block/iscsi.c
@@ -2448,6 +2448,20 @@ static QemuOptsList iscsi_create_opts = {
     }
 };
 
+static const char *const iscsi_strong_runtime_opts[] = {
+    "transport",
+    "portal",
+    "target",
+    "user",
+    "password",
+    "password-secret",
+    "lun",
+    "initiator-name",
+    "header-digest",
+
+    NULL
+};
+
 static BlockDriver bdrv_iscsi = {
     .format_name     = "iscsi",
     .protocol_name   = "iscsi",
@@ -2482,6 +2496,8 @@ static BlockDriver bdrv_iscsi = {
 
     .bdrv_detach_aio_context = iscsi_detach_aio_context,
     .bdrv_attach_aio_context = iscsi_attach_aio_context,
+
+    .strong_runtime_opts = iscsi_strong_runtime_opts,
 };
 
 #if LIBISCSI_API_VERSION >= (20160603)
@@ -2519,6 +2535,8 @@ static BlockDriver bdrv_iser = {
 
     .bdrv_detach_aio_context = iscsi_detach_aio_context,
     .bdrv_attach_aio_context = iscsi_attach_aio_context,
+
+    .strong_runtime_opts = iscsi_strong_runtime_opts,
 };
 #endif
 
diff --git a/block/mirror.c b/block/mirror.c
index b67b0120f8..726d3c27fb 100644
--- a/block/mirror.c
+++ b/block/mirror.c
@@ -1431,14 +1431,13 @@ static int coroutine_fn bdrv_mirror_top_pdiscard(BlockDriverState *bs,
                                     NULL, 0);
 }
 
-static void bdrv_mirror_top_refresh_filename(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *opts)
+static void bdrv_mirror_top_refresh_filename(BlockDriverState *bs)
 {
     if (bs->backing == NULL) {
         /* we can be here after failed bdrv_attach_child in
          * bdrv_set_backing_hd */
         return;
     }
-    bdrv_refresh_filename(bs->backing->bs);
     pstrcpy(bs->exact_filename, sizeof(bs->exact_filename),
             bs->backing->bs->filename);
 }
diff --git a/block/nbd-client.c b/block/nbd-client.c
index f0ad54ce21..bfbaf7ebe9 100644
--- a/block/nbd-client.c
+++ b/block/nbd-client.c
@@ -76,8 +76,18 @@ static coroutine_fn void nbd_connection_entry(void *opaque)
     Error *local_err = NULL;
 
     while (!s->quit) {
+        /*
+         * The NBD client can only really be considered idle when it has
+         * yielded from qio_channel_readv_all_eof(), waiting for data. This is
+         * the point where the additional scheduled coroutine entry happens
+         * after nbd_client_attach_aio_context().
+         *
+         * Therefore we keep an additional in_flight reference all the time and
+         * only drop it temporarily here.
+         */
         assert(s->reply.handle == 0);
-        ret = nbd_receive_reply(s->ioc, &s->reply, &local_err);
+        ret = nbd_receive_reply(s->bs, s->ioc, &s->reply, &local_err);
+
         if (local_err) {
             trace_nbd_read_reply_entry_fail(ret, error_get_pretty(local_err));
             error_free(local_err);
@@ -116,6 +126,8 @@ static coroutine_fn void nbd_connection_entry(void *opaque)
 
     s->quit = true;
     nbd_recv_coroutines_wake_all(s);
+    bdrv_dec_in_flight(s->bs);
+
     s->connection_co = NULL;
     aio_wait_kick();
 }
@@ -965,12 +977,30 @@ void nbd_client_detach_aio_context(BlockDriverState *bs)
     qio_channel_detach_aio_context(QIO_CHANNEL(client->ioc));
 }
 
+static void nbd_client_attach_aio_context_bh(void *opaque)
+{
+    BlockDriverState *bs = opaque;
+    NBDClientSession *client = nbd_get_client_session(bs);
+
+    /* The node is still drained, so we know the coroutine has yielded in
+     * nbd_read_eof(), the only place where bs->in_flight can reach 0, or it is
+     * entered for the first time. Both places are safe for entering the
+     * coroutine.*/
+    qemu_aio_coroutine_enter(bs->aio_context, client->connection_co);
+    bdrv_dec_in_flight(bs);
+}
+
 void nbd_client_attach_aio_context(BlockDriverState *bs,
                                    AioContext *new_context)
 {
     NBDClientSession *client = nbd_get_client_session(bs);
     qio_channel_attach_aio_context(QIO_CHANNEL(client->ioc), new_context);
-    aio_co_schedule(new_context, client->connection_co);
+
+    bdrv_inc_in_flight(bs);
+
+    /* Need to wait here for the BH to run because the BH must run while the
+     * node is still drained. */
+    aio_wait_bh_oneshot(new_context, nbd_client_attach_aio_context_bh, bs);
 }
 
 void nbd_client_close(BlockDriverState *bs)
@@ -1076,6 +1106,7 @@ static int nbd_client_connect(BlockDriverState *bs,
      * kick the reply mechanism.  */
     qio_channel_set_blocking(QIO_CHANNEL(sioc), false, NULL);
     client->connection_co = qemu_coroutine_create(nbd_connection_entry, client);
+    bdrv_inc_in_flight(bs);
     nbd_client_attach_aio_context(bs, bdrv_get_aio_context(bs));
 
     logout("Established connection with NBD server\n");
@@ -1108,6 +1139,7 @@ int nbd_client_init(BlockDriverState *bs,
 {
     NBDClientSession *client = nbd_get_client_session(bs);
 
+    client->bs = bs;
     qemu_co_mutex_init(&client->send_mutex);
     qemu_co_queue_init(&client->free_sema);
 
diff --git a/block/nbd-client.h b/block/nbd-client.h
index d990207a5c..09e03013d2 100644
--- a/block/nbd-client.h
+++ b/block/nbd-client.h
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ typedef struct NBDClientSession {
 
     NBDClientRequest requests[MAX_NBD_REQUESTS];
     NBDReply reply;
+    BlockDriverState *bs;
     bool quit;
 } NBDClientSession;
 
diff --git a/block/nbd.c b/block/nbd.c
index 9db5eded89..2e72df528a 100644
--- a/block/nbd.c
+++ b/block/nbd.c
@@ -477,12 +477,9 @@ static void nbd_attach_aio_context(BlockDriverState *bs,
     nbd_client_attach_aio_context(bs, new_context);
 }
 
-static void nbd_refresh_filename(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options)
+static void nbd_refresh_filename(BlockDriverState *bs)
 {
     BDRVNBDState *s = bs->opaque;
-    QDict *opts = qdict_new();
-    QObject *saddr_qdict;
-    Visitor *ov;
     const char *host = NULL, *port = NULL, *path = NULL;
 
     if (s->saddr->type == SOCKET_ADDRESS_TYPE_INET) {
@@ -495,8 +492,6 @@ static void nbd_refresh_filename(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options)
         path = s->saddr->u.q_unix.path;
     } /* else can't represent as pseudo-filename */
 
-    qdict_put_str(opts, "driver", "nbd");
-
     if (path && s->export) {
         snprintf(bs->exact_filename, sizeof(bs->exact_filename),
                  "nbd+unix:///%s?socket=%s", s->export, path);
@@ -510,23 +505,28 @@ static void nbd_refresh_filename(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options)
         snprintf(bs->exact_filename, sizeof(bs->exact_filename),
                  "nbd://%s:%s", host, port);
     }
+}
 
-    ov = qobject_output_visitor_new(&saddr_qdict);
-    visit_type_SocketAddress(ov, NULL, &s->saddr, &error_abort);
-    visit_complete(ov, &saddr_qdict);
-    visit_free(ov);
-    qdict_put_obj(opts, "server", saddr_qdict);
+static char *nbd_dirname(BlockDriverState *bs, Error **errp)
+{
+    /* The generic bdrv_dirname() implementation is able to work out some
+     * directory name for NBD nodes, but that would be wrong. So far there is no
+     * specification for how "export paths" would work, so NBD does not have
+     * directory names. */
+    error_setg(errp, "Cannot generate a base directory for NBD nodes");
+    return NULL;
+}
 
-    if (s->export) {
-        qdict_put_str(opts, "export", s->export);
-    }
-    if (s->tlscredsid) {
-        qdict_put_str(opts, "tls-creds", s->tlscredsid);
-    }
+static const char *const nbd_strong_runtime_opts[] = {
+    "path",
+    "host",
+    "port",
+    "export",
+    "tls-creds",
+    "server.",
 
-    qdict_flatten(opts);
-    bs->full_open_options = opts;
-}
+    NULL
+};
 
 static BlockDriver bdrv_nbd = {
     .format_name                = "nbd",
@@ -546,6 +546,8 @@ static BlockDriver bdrv_nbd = {
     .bdrv_attach_aio_context    = nbd_attach_aio_context,
     .bdrv_refresh_filename      = nbd_refresh_filename,
     .bdrv_co_block_status       = nbd_client_co_block_status,
+    .bdrv_dirname               = nbd_dirname,
+    .strong_runtime_opts        = nbd_strong_runtime_opts,
 };
 
 static BlockDriver bdrv_nbd_tcp = {
@@ -566,6 +568,8 @@ static BlockDriver bdrv_nbd_tcp = {
     .bdrv_attach_aio_context    = nbd_attach_aio_context,
     .bdrv_refresh_filename      = nbd_refresh_filename,
     .bdrv_co_block_status       = nbd_client_co_block_status,
+    .bdrv_dirname               = nbd_dirname,
+    .strong_runtime_opts        = nbd_strong_runtime_opts,
 };
 
 static BlockDriver bdrv_nbd_unix = {
@@ -586,6 +590,8 @@ static BlockDriver bdrv_nbd_unix = {
     .bdrv_attach_aio_context    = nbd_attach_aio_context,
     .bdrv_refresh_filename      = nbd_refresh_filename,
     .bdrv_co_block_status       = nbd_client_co_block_status,
+    .bdrv_dirname               = nbd_dirname,
+    .strong_runtime_opts        = nbd_strong_runtime_opts,
 };
 
 static void bdrv_nbd_init(void)
diff --git a/block/nfs.c b/block/nfs.c
index eab1a2c408..531903610b 100644
--- a/block/nfs.c
+++ b/block/nfs.c
@@ -799,14 +799,9 @@ static int nfs_reopen_prepare(BDRVReopenState *state,
     return 0;
 }
 
-static void nfs_refresh_filename(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options)
+static void nfs_refresh_filename(BlockDriverState *bs)
 {
     NFSClient *client = bs->opaque;
-    QDict *opts = qdict_new();
-    QObject *server_qdict;
-    Visitor *ov;
-
-    qdict_put_str(opts, "driver", "nfs");
 
     if (client->uid && !client->gid) {
         snprintf(bs->exact_filename, sizeof(bs->exact_filename),
@@ -824,35 +819,20 @@ static void nfs_refresh_filename(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options)
         snprintf(bs->exact_filename, sizeof(bs->exact_filename),
                  "nfs://%s%s", client->server->host, client->path);
     }
+}
 
-    ov = qobject_output_visitor_new(&server_qdict);
-    visit_type_NFSServer(ov, NULL, &client->server, &error_abort);
-    visit_complete(ov, &server_qdict);
-    qdict_put_obj(opts, "server", server_qdict);
-    qdict_put_str(opts, "path", client->path);
+static char *nfs_dirname(BlockDriverState *bs, Error **errp)
+{
+    NFSClient *client = bs->opaque;
 
-    if (client->uid) {
-        qdict_put_int(opts, "user", client->uid);
-    }
-    if (client->gid) {
-        qdict_put_int(opts, "group", client->gid);
-    }
-    if (client->tcp_syncnt) {
-        qdict_put_int(opts, "tcp-syn-cnt", client->tcp_syncnt);
-    }
-    if (client->readahead) {
-        qdict_put_int(opts, "readahead-size", client->readahead);
-    }
-    if (client->pagecache) {
-        qdict_put_int(opts, "page-cache-size", client->pagecache);
-    }
-    if (client->debug) {
-        qdict_put_int(opts, "debug", client->debug);
+    if (client->uid || client->gid) {
+        bdrv_refresh_filename(bs);
+        error_setg(errp, "Cannot generate a base directory for NFS node '%s'",
+                   bs->filename);
+        return NULL;
     }
 
-    visit_free(ov);
-    qdict_flatten(opts);
-    bs->full_open_options = opts;
+    return g_strdup_printf("nfs://%s%s/", client->server->host, client->path);
 }
 
 #ifdef LIBNFS_FEATURE_PAGECACHE
@@ -864,6 +844,15 @@ static void coroutine_fn nfs_co_invalidate_cache(BlockDriverState *bs,
 }
 #endif
 
+static const char *nfs_strong_runtime_opts[] = {
+    "path",
+    "user",
+    "group",
+    "server.",
+
+    NULL
+};
+
 static BlockDriver bdrv_nfs = {
     .format_name                    = "nfs",
     .protocol_name                  = "nfs",
@@ -889,6 +878,9 @@ static BlockDriver bdrv_nfs = {
     .bdrv_detach_aio_context        = nfs_detach_aio_context,
     .bdrv_attach_aio_context        = nfs_attach_aio_context,
     .bdrv_refresh_filename          = nfs_refresh_filename,
+    .bdrv_dirname                   = nfs_dirname,
+
+    .strong_runtime_opts            = nfs_strong_runtime_opts,
 
 #ifdef LIBNFS_FEATURE_PAGECACHE
     .bdrv_co_invalidate_cache       = nfs_co_invalidate_cache,
diff --git a/block/null.c b/block/null.c
index d442d3e901..a322929478 100644
--- a/block/null.c
+++ b/block/null.c
@@ -239,19 +239,33 @@ static int coroutine_fn null_co_block_status(BlockDriverState *bs,
     return ret;
 }
 
-static void null_refresh_filename(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *opts)
+static void null_refresh_filename(BlockDriverState *bs)
 {
-    qdict_del(opts, "filename");
-
-    if (!qdict_size(opts)) {
-        snprintf(bs->exact_filename, sizeof(bs->exact_filename), "%s://",
-                 bs->drv->format_name);
+    const QDictEntry *e;
+
+    for (e = qdict_first(bs->full_open_options); e;
+         e = qdict_next(bs->full_open_options, e))
+    {
+        /* These options can be ignored */
+        if (strcmp(qdict_entry_key(e), "filename") &&
+            strcmp(qdict_entry_key(e), "driver") &&
+            strcmp(qdict_entry_key(e), NULL_OPT_LATENCY))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
     }
 
-    qdict_put_str(opts, "driver", bs->drv->format_name);
-    bs->full_open_options = qobject_ref(opts);
+    snprintf(bs->exact_filename, sizeof(bs->exact_filename), "%s://",
+             bs->drv->format_name);
 }
 
+static const char *const null_strong_runtime_opts[] = {
+    BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
+    NULL_OPT_ZEROES,
+
+    NULL
+};
+
 static BlockDriver bdrv_null_co = {
     .format_name            = "null-co",
     .protocol_name          = "null-co",
@@ -269,6 +283,7 @@ static BlockDriver bdrv_null_co = {
     .bdrv_co_block_status   = null_co_block_status,
 
     .bdrv_refresh_filename  = null_refresh_filename,
+    .strong_runtime_opts    = null_strong_runtime_opts,
 };
 
 static BlockDriver bdrv_null_aio = {
@@ -288,6 +303,7 @@ static BlockDriver bdrv_null_aio = {
     .bdrv_co_block_status   = null_co_block_status,
 
     .bdrv_refresh_filename  = null_refresh_filename,
+    .strong_runtime_opts    = null_strong_runtime_opts,
 };
 
 static void bdrv_null_init(void)
diff --git a/block/nvme.c b/block/nvme.c
index b5952c9b08..0684bbd077 100644
--- a/block/nvme.c
+++ b/block/nvme.c
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ typedef volatile struct {
     uint8_t  reserved1[0xec0];
     uint8_t  cmd_set_specfic[0x100];
     uint32_t doorbells[];
-} QEMU_PACKED NVMeRegs;
+} NVMeRegs;
 
 QEMU_BUILD_BUG_ON(offsetof(NVMeRegs, doorbells) != 0x1000);
 
@@ -111,6 +111,9 @@ typedef struct {
 
     /* Total size of mapped qiov, accessed under dma_map_lock */
     int dma_map_count;
+
+    /* PCI address (required for nvme_refresh_filename()) */
+    char *device;
 } BDRVNVMeState;
 
 #define NVME_BLOCK_OPT_DEVICE "device"
@@ -557,6 +560,7 @@ static int nvme_init(BlockDriverState *bs, const char *device, int namespace,
 
     qemu_co_mutex_init(&s->dma_map_lock);
     qemu_co_queue_init(&s->dma_flush_queue);
+    s->device = g_strdup(device);
     s->nsid = namespace;
     s->aio_context = bdrv_get_aio_context(bs);
     ret = event_notifier_init(&s->irq_notifier, 0);
@@ -729,6 +733,8 @@ static void nvme_close(BlockDriverState *bs)
     event_notifier_cleanup(&s->irq_notifier);
     qemu_vfio_pci_unmap_bar(s->vfio, 0, (void *)s->regs, 0, NVME_BAR_SIZE);
     qemu_vfio_close(s->vfio);
+
+    g_free(s->device);
 }
 
 static int nvme_file_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
@@ -1053,17 +1059,12 @@ static int nvme_reopen_prepare(BDRVReopenState *reopen_state,
     return 0;
 }
 
-static void nvme_refresh_filename(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *opts)
+static void nvme_refresh_filename(BlockDriverState *bs)
 {
-    qdict_del(opts, "filename");
-
-    if (!qdict_size(opts)) {
-        snprintf(bs->exact_filename, sizeof(bs->exact_filename), "%s://",
-                 bs->drv->format_name);
-    }
+    BDRVNVMeState *s = bs->opaque;
 
-    qdict_put_str(opts, "driver", bs->drv->format_name);
-    bs->full_open_options = qobject_ref(opts);
+    snprintf(bs->exact_filename, sizeof(bs->exact_filename), "nvme://%s/%i",
+             s->device, s->nsid);
 }
 
 static void nvme_refresh_limits(BlockDriverState *bs, Error **errp)
@@ -1136,6 +1137,13 @@ static void nvme_unregister_buf(BlockDriverState *bs, void *host)
     qemu_vfio_dma_unmap(s->vfio, host);
 }
 
+static const char *const nvme_strong_runtime_opts[] = {
+    NVME_BLOCK_OPT_DEVICE,
+    NVME_BLOCK_OPT_NAMESPACE,
+
+    NULL
+};
+
 static BlockDriver bdrv_nvme = {
     .format_name              = "nvme",
     .protocol_name            = "nvme",
@@ -1153,6 +1161,7 @@ static BlockDriver bdrv_nvme = {
 
     .bdrv_refresh_filename    = nvme_refresh_filename,
     .bdrv_refresh_limits      = nvme_refresh_limits,
+    .strong_runtime_opts      = nvme_strong_runtime_opts,
 
     .bdrv_detach_aio_context  = nvme_detach_aio_context,
     .bdrv_attach_aio_context  = nvme_attach_aio_context,
diff --git a/block/qapi.c b/block/qapi.c
index 00291f9105..6002a768f8 100644
--- a/block/qapi.c
+++ b/block/qapi.c
@@ -51,6 +51,8 @@ BlockDeviceInfo *bdrv_block_device_info(BlockBackend *blk,
         return NULL;
     }
 
+    bdrv_refresh_filename(bs);
+
     info = g_malloc0(sizeof(*info));
     info->file                   = g_strdup(bs->filename);
     info->ro                     = bs->read_only;
@@ -264,6 +266,8 @@ void bdrv_query_image_info(BlockDriverState *bs,
         goto out;
     }
 
+    bdrv_refresh_filename(bs);
+
     info = g_new0(ImageInfo, 1);
     info->filename        = g_strdup(bs->filename);
     info->format          = g_strdup(bdrv_get_format_name(bs));
@@ -292,18 +296,10 @@ void bdrv_query_image_info(BlockDriverState *bs,
 
     backing_filename = bs->backing_file;
     if (backing_filename[0] != '\0') {
-        char *backing_filename2 = g_malloc0(PATH_MAX);
+        char *backing_filename2;
         info->backing_filename = g_strdup(backing_filename);
         info->has_backing_filename = true;
-        bdrv_get_full_backing_filename(bs, backing_filename2, PATH_MAX, &err);
-        if (err) {
-            /* Can't reconstruct the full backing filename, so we must omit
-             * this field and apply a Best Effort to this query. */
-            g_free(backing_filename2);
-            backing_filename2 = NULL;
-            error_free(err);
-            err = NULL;
-        }
+        backing_filename2 = bdrv_get_full_backing_filename(bs, NULL);
 
         /* Always report the full_backing_filename if present, even if it's the
          * same as backing_filename. That they are same is useful info. */
diff --git a/block/qcow.c b/block/qcow.c
index 409c700d33..10d2cf14b3 100644
--- a/block/qcow.c
+++ b/block/qcow.c
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 #include "qemu/module.h"
 #include "qemu/option.h"
 #include "qemu/bswap.h"
+#include "qemu/cutils.h"
 #include <zlib.h>
 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
 #include "qapi/qmp/qstring.h"
@@ -295,11 +296,13 @@ static int qcow_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
             goto fail;
         }
         ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, header.backing_file_offset,
-                   bs->backing_file, len);
+                   bs->auto_backing_file, len);
         if (ret < 0) {
             goto fail;
         }
-        bs->backing_file[len] = '\0';
+        bs->auto_backing_file[len] = '\0';
+        pstrcpy(bs->backing_file, sizeof(bs->backing_file),
+                bs->auto_backing_file);
     }
 
     /* Disable migration when qcow images are used */
@@ -1170,6 +1173,12 @@ static QemuOptsList qcow_create_opts = {
     }
 };
 
+static const char *const qcow_strong_runtime_opts[] = {
+    "encrypt." BLOCK_CRYPTO_OPT_QCOW_KEY_SECRET,
+
+    NULL
+};
+
 static BlockDriver bdrv_qcow = {
     .format_name	= "qcow",
     .instance_size	= sizeof(BDRVQcowState),
@@ -1193,6 +1202,7 @@ static BlockDriver bdrv_qcow = {
     .bdrv_get_info          = qcow_get_info,
 
     .create_opts            = &qcow_create_opts,
+    .strong_runtime_opts    = qcow_strong_runtime_opts,
 };
 
 static void bdrv_qcow_init(void)
diff --git a/block/qcow2-cluster.c b/block/qcow2-cluster.c
index 30eca26c47..179aa2c728 100644
--- a/block/qcow2-cluster.c
+++ b/block/qcow2-cluster.c
@@ -285,6 +285,9 @@ static int l2_allocate(BlockDriverState *bs, int l1_index)
         goto fail;
     }
 
+    /* The offset must fit in the offset field of the L1 table entry */
+    assert((l2_offset & L1E_OFFSET_MASK) == l2_offset);
+
     /* If we're allocating the table at offset 0 then something is wrong */
     if (l2_offset == 0) {
         qcow2_signal_corruption(bs, true, -1, -1, "Preventing invalid "
diff --git a/block/qcow2-snapshot.c b/block/qcow2-snapshot.c
index bb6a5b7516..20e8472191 100644
--- a/block/qcow2-snapshot.c
+++ b/block/qcow2-snapshot.c
@@ -358,11 +358,6 @@ int qcow2_snapshot_create(BlockDriverState *bs, QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn_info)
     /* Generate an ID */
     find_new_snapshot_id(bs, sn_info->id_str, sizeof(sn_info->id_str));
 
-    /* Check that the ID is unique */
-    if (find_snapshot_by_id_and_name(bs, sn_info->id_str, NULL) >= 0) {
-        return -EEXIST;
-    }
-
     /* Populate sn with passed data */
     sn->id_str = g_strdup(sn_info->id_str);
     sn->name = g_strdup(sn_info->name);
diff --git a/block/qcow2.c b/block/qcow2.c
index b6d475229e..7fb2730f09 100644
--- a/block/qcow2.c
+++ b/block/qcow2.c
@@ -1474,13 +1474,15 @@ static int coroutine_fn qcow2_do_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options,
             goto fail;
         }
         ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, header.backing_file_offset,
-                         bs->backing_file, len);
+                         bs->auto_backing_file, len);
         if (ret < 0) {
             error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not read backing file name");
             goto fail;
         }
-        bs->backing_file[len] = '\0';
-        s->image_backing_file = g_strdup(bs->backing_file);
+        bs->auto_backing_file[len] = '\0';
+        pstrcpy(bs->backing_file, sizeof(bs->backing_file),
+                bs->auto_backing_file);
+        s->image_backing_file = g_strdup(bs->auto_backing_file);
     }
 
     /* Internal snapshots */
@@ -2518,6 +2520,8 @@ static int qcow2_change_backing_file(BlockDriverState *bs,
         return -EINVAL;
     }
 
+    pstrcpy(bs->auto_backing_file, sizeof(bs->auto_backing_file),
+            backing_file ?: "");
     pstrcpy(bs->backing_file, sizeof(bs->backing_file), backing_file ?: "");
     pstrcpy(bs->backing_format, sizeof(bs->backing_format), backing_fmt ?: "");
 
@@ -4224,6 +4228,60 @@ static coroutine_fn int qcow2_co_flush_to_os(BlockDriverState *bs)
     return ret;
 }
 
+static ssize_t qcow2_measure_crypto_hdr_init_func(QCryptoBlock *block,
+        size_t headerlen, void *opaque, Error **errp)
+{
+    size_t *headerlenp = opaque;
+
+    /* Stash away the payload size */
+    *headerlenp = headerlen;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static ssize_t qcow2_measure_crypto_hdr_write_func(QCryptoBlock *block,
+        size_t offset, const uint8_t *buf, size_t buflen,
+        void *opaque, Error **errp)
+{
+    /* Discard the bytes, we're not actually writing to an image */
+    return buflen;
+}
+
+/* Determine the number of bytes for the LUKS payload */
+static bool qcow2_measure_luks_headerlen(QemuOpts *opts, size_t *len,
+                                         Error **errp)
+{
+    QDict *opts_qdict;
+    QDict *cryptoopts_qdict;
+    QCryptoBlockCreateOptions *cryptoopts;
+    QCryptoBlock *crypto;
+
+    /* Extract "encrypt." options into a qdict */
+    opts_qdict = qemu_opts_to_qdict(opts, NULL);
+    qdict_extract_subqdict(opts_qdict, &cryptoopts_qdict, "encrypt.");
+    qobject_unref(opts_qdict);
+
+    /* Build QCryptoBlockCreateOptions object from qdict */
+    qdict_put_str(cryptoopts_qdict, "format", "luks");
+    cryptoopts = block_crypto_create_opts_init(cryptoopts_qdict, errp);
+    qobject_unref(cryptoopts_qdict);
+    if (!cryptoopts) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /* Fake LUKS creation in order to determine the payload size */
+    crypto = qcrypto_block_create(cryptoopts, "encrypt.",
+                                  qcow2_measure_crypto_hdr_init_func,
+                                  qcow2_measure_crypto_hdr_write_func,
+                                  len, errp);
+    qapi_free_QCryptoBlockCreateOptions(cryptoopts);
+    if (!crypto) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    qcrypto_block_free(crypto);
+    return true;
+}
+
 static BlockMeasureInfo *qcow2_measure(QemuOpts *opts, BlockDriverState *in_bs,
                                        Error **errp)
 {
@@ -4233,11 +4291,13 @@ static BlockMeasureInfo *qcow2_measure(QemuOpts *opts, BlockDriverState *in_bs,
     uint64_t virtual_size; /* disk size as seen by guest */
     uint64_t refcount_bits;
     uint64_t l2_tables;
+    uint64_t luks_payload_size = 0;
     size_t cluster_size;
     int version;
     char *optstr;
     PreallocMode prealloc;
     bool has_backing_file;
+    bool has_luks;
 
     /* Parse image creation options */
     cluster_size = qcow2_opt_get_cluster_size_del(opts, &local_err);
@@ -4267,6 +4327,20 @@ static BlockMeasureInfo *qcow2_measure(QemuOpts *opts, BlockDriverState *in_bs,
     has_backing_file = !!optstr;
     g_free(optstr);
 
+    optstr = qemu_opt_get_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT_FORMAT);
+    has_luks = optstr && strcmp(optstr, "luks") == 0;
+    g_free(optstr);
+
+    if (has_luks) {
+        size_t headerlen;
+
+        if (!qcow2_measure_luks_headerlen(opts, &headerlen, &local_err)) {
+            goto err;
+        }
+
+        luks_payload_size = ROUND_UP(headerlen, cluster_size);
+    }
+
     virtual_size = qemu_opt_get_size_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, 0);
     virtual_size = ROUND_UP(virtual_size, cluster_size);
 
@@ -4337,7 +4411,7 @@ static BlockMeasureInfo *qcow2_measure(QemuOpts *opts, BlockDriverState *in_bs,
     info = g_new(BlockMeasureInfo, 1);
     info->fully_allocated =
         qcow2_calc_prealloc_size(virtual_size, cluster_size,
-                                 ctz32(refcount_bits));
+                                 ctz32(refcount_bits)) + luks_payload_size;
 
     /* Remove data clusters that are not required.  This overestimates the
      * required size because metadata needed for the fully allocated file is
@@ -4924,6 +4998,12 @@ static QemuOptsList qcow2_create_opts = {
     }
 };
 
+static const char *const qcow2_strong_runtime_opts[] = {
+    "encrypt." BLOCK_CRYPTO_OPT_QCOW_KEY_SECRET,
+
+    NULL
+};
+
 BlockDriver bdrv_qcow2 = {
     .format_name        = "qcow2",
     .instance_size      = sizeof(BDRVQcow2State),
@@ -4972,6 +5052,7 @@ BlockDriver bdrv_qcow2 = {
     .bdrv_inactivate            = qcow2_inactivate,
 
     .create_opts         = &qcow2_create_opts,
+    .strong_runtime_opts = qcow2_strong_runtime_opts,
     .bdrv_co_check       = qcow2_co_check,
     .bdrv_amend_options  = qcow2_amend_options,
 
diff --git a/block/qed.c b/block/qed.c
index c5e6d6ad41..89af05d524 100644
--- a/block/qed.c
+++ b/block/qed.c
@@ -449,11 +449,14 @@ static int coroutine_fn bdrv_qed_do_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options,
         }
 
         ret = qed_read_string(bs->file, s->header.backing_filename_offset,
-                              s->header.backing_filename_size, bs->backing_file,
-                              sizeof(bs->backing_file));
+                              s->header.backing_filename_size,
+                              bs->auto_backing_file,
+                              sizeof(bs->auto_backing_file));
         if (ret < 0) {
             return ret;
         }
+        pstrcpy(bs->backing_file, sizeof(bs->backing_file),
+                bs->auto_backing_file);
 
         if (s->header.features & QED_F_BACKING_FORMAT_NO_PROBE) {
             pstrcpy(bs->backing_format, sizeof(bs->backing_format), "raw");
diff --git a/block/quorum.c b/block/quorum.c
index 16b3c8067c..352f729136 100644
--- a/block/quorum.c
+++ b/block/quorum.c
@@ -1065,36 +1065,64 @@ static void quorum_del_child(BlockDriverState *bs, BdrvChild *child,
     bdrv_drained_end(bs);
 }
 
-static void quorum_refresh_filename(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options)
+static void quorum_gather_child_options(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *target,
+                                        bool backing_overridden)
 {
     BDRVQuorumState *s = bs->opaque;
-    QDict *opts;
-    QList *children;
+    QList *children_list;
     int i;
 
-    for (i = 0; i < s->num_children; i++) {
-        bdrv_refresh_filename(s->children[i]->bs);
-        if (!s->children[i]->bs->full_open_options) {
-            return;
-        }
-    }
+    /*
+     * The generic implementation for gathering child options in
+     * bdrv_refresh_filename() would use the names of the children
+     * as specified for bdrv_open_child() or bdrv_attach_child(),
+     * which is "children.%u" with %u being a value
+     * (s->next_child_index) that is incremented each time a new child
+     * is added (and never decremented).  Since children can be
+     * deleted at runtime, there may be gaps in that enumeration.
+     * When creating a new quorum BDS and specifying the children for
+     * it through runtime options, the enumeration used there may not
+     * have any gaps, though.
+     *
+     * Therefore, we have to create a new gap-less enumeration here
+     * (which we can achieve by simply putting all of the children's
+     * full_open_options into a QList).
+     *
+     * XXX: Note that there are issues with the current child option
+     *      structure quorum uses (such as the fact that children do
+     *      not really have unique permanent names).  Therefore, this
+     *      is going to have to change in the future and ideally we
+     *      want quorum to be covered by the generic implementation.
+     */
+
+    children_list = qlist_new();
+    qdict_put(target, "children", children_list);
 
-    children = qlist_new();
     for (i = 0; i < s->num_children; i++) {
-        qlist_append(children,
+        qlist_append(children_list,
                      qobject_ref(s->children[i]->bs->full_open_options));
     }
+}
 
-    opts = qdict_new();
-    qdict_put_str(opts, "driver", "quorum");
-    qdict_put_int(opts, QUORUM_OPT_VOTE_THRESHOLD, s->threshold);
-    qdict_put_bool(opts, QUORUM_OPT_BLKVERIFY, s->is_blkverify);
-    qdict_put_bool(opts, QUORUM_OPT_REWRITE, s->rewrite_corrupted);
-    qdict_put(opts, "children", children);
-
-    bs->full_open_options = opts;
+static char *quorum_dirname(BlockDriverState *bs, Error **errp)
+{
+    /* In general, there are multiple BDSs with different dirnames below this
+     * one; so there is no unique dirname we could return (unless all are equal
+     * by chance, or there is only one). Therefore, to be consistent, just
+     * always return NULL. */
+    error_setg(errp, "Cannot generate a base directory for quorum nodes");
+    return NULL;
 }
 
+static const char *const quorum_strong_runtime_opts[] = {
+    QUORUM_OPT_VOTE_THRESHOLD,
+    QUORUM_OPT_BLKVERIFY,
+    QUORUM_OPT_REWRITE,
+    QUORUM_OPT_READ_PATTERN,
+
+    NULL
+};
+
 static BlockDriver bdrv_quorum = {
     .format_name                        = "quorum",
 
@@ -1102,7 +1130,8 @@ static BlockDriver bdrv_quorum = {
 
     .bdrv_open                          = quorum_open,
     .bdrv_close                         = quorum_close,
-    .bdrv_refresh_filename              = quorum_refresh_filename,
+    .bdrv_gather_child_options          = quorum_gather_child_options,
+    .bdrv_dirname                       = quorum_dirname,
 
     .bdrv_co_flush_to_disk              = quorum_co_flush,
 
@@ -1118,6 +1147,8 @@ static BlockDriver bdrv_quorum = {
 
     .is_filter                          = true,
     .bdrv_recurse_is_first_non_filter   = quorum_recurse_is_first_non_filter,
+
+    .strong_runtime_opts                = quorum_strong_runtime_opts,
 };
 
 static void bdrv_quorum_init(void)
diff --git a/block/raw-format.c b/block/raw-format.c
index 6f6dc99b2c..e3e5ba2c8a 100644
--- a/block/raw-format.c
+++ b/block/raw-format.c
@@ -436,6 +436,7 @@ static int raw_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
             bs->file->bs->supported_zero_flags);
 
     if (bs->probed && !bdrv_is_read_only(bs)) {
+        bdrv_refresh_filename(bs->file->bs);
         fprintf(stderr,
                 "WARNING: Image format was not specified for '%s' and probing "
                 "guessed raw.\n"
@@ -531,6 +532,13 @@ static int coroutine_fn raw_co_copy_range_to(BlockDriverState *bs,
                                  read_flags, write_flags);
 }
 
+static const char *const raw_strong_runtime_opts[] = {
+    "offset",
+    "size",
+
+    NULL
+};
+
 BlockDriver bdrv_raw = {
     .format_name          = "raw",
     .instance_size        = sizeof(BDRVRawState),
@@ -560,7 +568,8 @@ BlockDriver bdrv_raw = {
     .bdrv_lock_medium     = &raw_lock_medium,
     .bdrv_co_ioctl        = &raw_co_ioctl,
     .create_opts          = &raw_create_opts,
-    .bdrv_has_zero_init   = &raw_has_zero_init
+    .bdrv_has_zero_init   = &raw_has_zero_init,
+    .strong_runtime_opts  = raw_strong_runtime_opts,
 };
 
 static void bdrv_raw_init(void)
diff --git a/block/rbd.c b/block/rbd.c
index 8a1a9f4b6e..0c549c9935 100644
--- a/block/rbd.c
+++ b/block/rbd.c
@@ -1228,6 +1228,18 @@ static QemuOptsList qemu_rbd_create_opts = {
     }
 };
 
+static const char *const qemu_rbd_strong_runtime_opts[] = {
+    "pool",
+    "image",
+    "conf",
+    "snapshot",
+    "user",
+    "server.",
+    "password-secret",
+
+    NULL
+};
+
 static BlockDriver bdrv_rbd = {
     .format_name            = "rbd",
     .instance_size          = sizeof(BDRVRBDState),
@@ -1265,6 +1277,8 @@ static BlockDriver bdrv_rbd = {
 #ifdef LIBRBD_SUPPORTS_INVALIDATE
     .bdrv_co_invalidate_cache = qemu_rbd_co_invalidate_cache,
 #endif
+
+    .strong_runtime_opts    = qemu_rbd_strong_runtime_opts,
 };
 
 static void bdrv_rbd_init(void)
diff --git a/block/replication.c b/block/replication.c
index e70dd95001..4c80b54daf 100644
--- a/block/replication.c
+++ b/block/replication.c
@@ -616,8 +616,6 @@ static void replication_done(void *opaque, int ret)
     if (ret == 0) {
         s->stage = BLOCK_REPLICATION_DONE;
 
-        /* refresh top bs's filename */
-        bdrv_refresh_filename(bs);
         s->active_disk = NULL;
         s->secondary_disk = NULL;
         s->hidden_disk = NULL;
@@ -678,6 +676,13 @@ static void replication_stop(ReplicationState *rs, bool failover, Error **errp)
     aio_context_release(aio_context);
 }
 
+static const char *const replication_strong_runtime_opts[] = {
+    REPLICATION_MODE,
+    REPLICATION_TOP_ID,
+
+    NULL
+};
+
 BlockDriver bdrv_replication = {
     .format_name                = "replication",
     .instance_size              = sizeof(BDRVReplicationState),
@@ -694,6 +699,7 @@ BlockDriver bdrv_replication = {
     .bdrv_recurse_is_first_non_filter = replication_recurse_is_first_non_filter,
 
     .has_variable_length        = true,
+    .strong_runtime_opts        = replication_strong_runtime_opts,
 };
 
 static void bdrv_replication_init(void)
diff --git a/block/sheepdog.c b/block/sheepdog.c
index b916ba07bf..cbdfe9ab6e 100644
--- a/block/sheepdog.c
+++ b/block/sheepdog.c
@@ -3203,6 +3203,15 @@ static QemuOptsList sd_create_opts = {
     }
 };
 
+static const char *const sd_strong_runtime_opts[] = {
+    "vdi",
+    "snap-id",
+    "tag",
+    "server.",
+
+    NULL
+};
+
 static BlockDriver bdrv_sheepdog = {
     .format_name                  = "sheepdog",
     .protocol_name                = "sheepdog",
@@ -3238,6 +3247,7 @@ static BlockDriver bdrv_sheepdog = {
     .bdrv_attach_aio_context      = sd_attach_aio_context,
 
     .create_opts                  = &sd_create_opts,
+    .strong_runtime_opts          = sd_strong_runtime_opts,
 };
 
 static BlockDriver bdrv_sheepdog_tcp = {
@@ -3275,6 +3285,7 @@ static BlockDriver bdrv_sheepdog_tcp = {
     .bdrv_attach_aio_context      = sd_attach_aio_context,
 
     .create_opts                  = &sd_create_opts,
+    .strong_runtime_opts          = sd_strong_runtime_opts,
 };
 
 static BlockDriver bdrv_sheepdog_unix = {
@@ -3312,6 +3323,7 @@ static BlockDriver bdrv_sheepdog_unix = {
     .bdrv_attach_aio_context      = sd_attach_aio_context,
 
     .create_opts                  = &sd_create_opts,
+    .strong_runtime_opts          = sd_strong_runtime_opts,
 };
 
 static void bdrv_sheepdog_init(void)
diff --git a/block/snapshot.c b/block/snapshot.c
index 3218a542df..f2f48f926a 100644
--- a/block/snapshot.c
+++ b/block/snapshot.c
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ int bdrv_snapshot_find(BlockDriverState *bs, QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn_info,
     }
     for (i = 0; i < nb_sns; i++) {
         sn = &sn_tab[i];
-        if (!strcmp(sn->id_str, name) || !strcmp(sn->name, name)) {
+        if (!strcmp(sn->name, name)) {
             *sn_info = *sn;
             ret = 0;
             break;
@@ -301,26 +301,6 @@ int bdrv_snapshot_delete(BlockDriverState *bs,
     return ret;
 }
 
-int bdrv_snapshot_delete_by_id_or_name(BlockDriverState *bs,
-                                       const char *id_or_name,
-                                       Error **errp)
-{
-    int ret;
-    Error *local_err = NULL;
-
-    ret = bdrv_snapshot_delete(bs, id_or_name, NULL, &local_err);
-    if (ret == -ENOENT || ret == -EINVAL) {
-        error_free(local_err);
-        local_err = NULL;
-        ret = bdrv_snapshot_delete(bs, NULL, id_or_name, &local_err);
-    }
-
-    if (ret < 0) {
-        error_propagate(errp, local_err);
-    }
-    return ret;
-}
-
 int bdrv_snapshot_list(BlockDriverState *bs,
                        QEMUSnapshotInfo **psn_info)
 {
@@ -448,7 +428,8 @@ int bdrv_all_delete_snapshot(const char *name, BlockDriverState **first_bad_bs,
         aio_context_acquire(ctx);
         if (bdrv_can_snapshot(bs) &&
                 bdrv_snapshot_find(bs, snapshot, name) >= 0) {
-            ret = bdrv_snapshot_delete_by_id_or_name(bs, name, err);
+            ret = bdrv_snapshot_delete(bs, snapshot->id_str,
+                                       snapshot->name, err);
         }
         aio_context_release(ctx);
         if (ret < 0) {
diff --git a/block/ssh.c b/block/ssh.c
index bbc513e095..190ef95300 100644
--- a/block/ssh.c
+++ b/block/ssh.c
@@ -1254,6 +1254,17 @@ static int coroutine_fn ssh_co_truncate(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset,
     return ssh_grow_file(s, offset, errp);
 }
 
+static const char *const ssh_strong_runtime_opts[] = {
+    "host",
+    "port",
+    "path",
+    "user",
+    "host_key_check",
+    "server.",
+
+    NULL
+};
+
 static BlockDriver bdrv_ssh = {
     .format_name                  = "ssh",
     .protocol_name                = "ssh",
@@ -1270,6 +1281,7 @@ static BlockDriver bdrv_ssh = {
     .bdrv_co_truncate             = ssh_co_truncate,
     .bdrv_co_flush_to_disk        = ssh_co_flush,
     .create_opts                  = &ssh_create_opts,
+    .strong_runtime_opts          = ssh_strong_runtime_opts,
 };
 
 static void bdrv_ssh_init(void)
diff --git a/block/throttle.c b/block/throttle.c
index 636c9764aa..f64dcc27b9 100644
--- a/block/throttle.c
+++ b/block/throttle.c
@@ -227,6 +227,12 @@ static void coroutine_fn throttle_co_drain_end(BlockDriverState *bs)
     atomic_dec(&tgm->io_limits_disabled);
 }
 
+static const char *const throttle_strong_runtime_opts[] = {
+    QEMU_OPT_THROTTLE_GROUP_NAME,
+
+    NULL
+};
+
 static BlockDriver bdrv_throttle = {
     .format_name                        =   "throttle",
     .instance_size                      =   sizeof(ThrottleGroupMember),
@@ -259,6 +265,7 @@ static BlockDriver bdrv_throttle = {
     .bdrv_co_drain_end                  =   throttle_co_drain_end,
 
     .is_filter                          =   true,
+    .strong_runtime_opts                =   throttle_strong_runtime_opts,
 };
 
 static void bdrv_throttle_init(void)
diff --git a/block/vhdx-log.c b/block/vhdx-log.c
index ecd64266c5..3149ff08d8 100644
--- a/block/vhdx-log.c
+++ b/block/vhdx-log.c
@@ -803,6 +803,7 @@ int vhdx_parse_log(BlockDriverState *bs, BDRVVHDXState *s, bool *flushed,
 
     if (logs.valid) {
         if (bs->read_only) {
+            bdrv_refresh_filename(bs);
             ret = -EPERM;
             error_setg(errp,
                        "VHDX image file '%s' opened read-only, but "
diff --git a/block/vmdk.c b/block/vmdk.c
index 41048741cd..d8c0c50390 100644
--- a/block/vmdk.c
+++ b/block/vmdk.c
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include "qapi/error.h"
 #include "block/block_int.h"
 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
+#include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
 #include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
 #include "qemu/module.h"
@@ -386,12 +387,14 @@ static int vmdk_parent_open(BlockDriverState *bs)
             ret = -EINVAL;
             goto out;
         }
-        if ((end_name - p_name) > sizeof(bs->backing_file) - 1) {
+        if ((end_name - p_name) > sizeof(bs->auto_backing_file) - 1) {
             ret = -EINVAL;
             goto out;
         }
 
-        pstrcpy(bs->backing_file, end_name - p_name + 1, p_name);
+        pstrcpy(bs->auto_backing_file, end_name - p_name + 1, p_name);
+        pstrcpy(bs->backing_file, sizeof(bs->backing_file),
+                bs->auto_backing_file);
     }
 
 out:
@@ -479,6 +482,7 @@ static int vmdk_init_tables(BlockDriverState *bs, VmdkExtent *extent,
                      extent->l1_table,
                      l1_size);
     if (ret < 0) {
+        bdrv_refresh_filename(extent->file->bs);
         error_setg_errno(errp, -ret,
                          "Could not read l1 table from extent '%s'",
                          extent->file->bs->filename);
@@ -499,6 +503,7 @@ static int vmdk_init_tables(BlockDriverState *bs, VmdkExtent *extent,
                          extent->l1_backup_table,
                          l1_size);
         if (ret < 0) {
+            bdrv_refresh_filename(extent->file->bs);
             error_setg_errno(errp, -ret,
                              "Could not read l1 backup table from extent '%s'",
                              extent->file->bs->filename);
@@ -530,6 +535,7 @@ static int vmdk_open_vmfs_sparse(BlockDriverState *bs,
 
     ret = bdrv_pread(file, sizeof(magic), &header, sizeof(header));
     if (ret < 0) {
+        bdrv_refresh_filename(file->bs);
         error_setg_errno(errp, -ret,
                          "Could not read header from file '%s'",
                          file->bs->filename);
@@ -607,6 +613,7 @@ static int vmdk_open_vmdk4(BlockDriverState *bs,
 
     ret = bdrv_pread(file, sizeof(magic), &header, sizeof(header));
     if (ret < 0) {
+        bdrv_refresh_filename(file->bs);
         error_setg_errno(errp, -ret,
                          "Could not read header from file '%s'",
                          file->bs->filename);
@@ -861,13 +868,13 @@ static int vmdk_parse_extents(const char *desc, BlockDriverState *bs,
         if (!path_is_absolute(fname) && !path_has_protocol(fname) &&
             !desc_file_path[0])
         {
+            bdrv_refresh_filename(bs->file->bs);
             error_setg(errp, "Cannot use relative extent paths with VMDK "
                        "descriptor file '%s'", bs->file->bs->filename);
             return -EINVAL;
         }
 
-        extent_path = g_malloc0(PATH_MAX);
-        path_combine(extent_path, PATH_MAX, desc_file_path, fname);
+        extent_path = path_combine(desc_file_path, fname);
 
         ret = snprintf(extent_opt_prefix, 32, "extents.%d", s->num_extents);
         assert(ret < 32);
@@ -2067,16 +2074,16 @@ static int coroutine_fn vmdk_co_do_create(int64_t size,
 
     if (backing_file) {
         BlockBackend *backing;
-        char *full_backing = g_new0(char, PATH_MAX);
-        bdrv_get_full_backing_filename_from_filename(blk_bs(blk)->filename, backing_file,
-                                                     full_backing, PATH_MAX,
-                                                     &local_err);
+        char *full_backing =
+            bdrv_get_full_backing_filename_from_filename(blk_bs(blk)->filename,
+                                                         backing_file,
+                                                         &local_err);
         if (local_err) {
-            g_free(full_backing);
             error_propagate(errp, local_err);
             ret = -ENOENT;
             goto exit;
         }
+        assert(full_backing);
 
         backing = blk_new_open(full_backing, NULL, NULL,
                                BDRV_O_NO_BACKING, errp);
@@ -2255,7 +2262,7 @@ static int coroutine_fn vmdk_co_create_opts(const char *filename, QemuOpts *opts
     compat6 = qemu_opt_get_bool_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_COMPAT6, false);
     if (strcmp(hw_version, "undefined") == 0) {
         g_free(hw_version);
-        hw_version = g_strdup("4");
+        hw_version = NULL;
     }
     fmt = qemu_opt_get_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SUBFMT);
     zeroed_grain = qemu_opt_get_bool_del(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ZEROED_GRAIN, false);
@@ -2465,6 +2472,7 @@ static ImageInfo *vmdk_get_extent_info(VmdkExtent *extent)
 {
     ImageInfo *info = g_new0(ImageInfo, 1);
 
+    bdrv_refresh_filename(extent->file->bs);
     *info = (ImageInfo){
         .filename         = g_strdup(extent->file->bs->filename),
         .format           = g_strdup(extent->type),
@@ -2596,6 +2604,23 @@ static int vmdk_get_info(BlockDriverState *bs, BlockDriverInfo *bdi)
     return 0;
 }
 
+static void vmdk_gather_child_options(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *target,
+                                      bool backing_overridden)
+{
+    /* No children but file and backing can be explicitly specified (TODO) */
+    qdict_put(target, "file",
+              qobject_ref(bs->file->bs->full_open_options));
+
+    if (backing_overridden) {
+        if (bs->backing) {
+            qdict_put(target, "backing",
+                      qobject_ref(bs->backing->bs->full_open_options));
+        } else {
+            qdict_put_null(target, "backing");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 static QemuOptsList vmdk_create_opts = {
     .name = "vmdk-create-opts",
     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(vmdk_create_opts.head),
@@ -2667,6 +2692,7 @@ static BlockDriver bdrv_vmdk = {
     .bdrv_get_specific_info       = vmdk_get_specific_info,
     .bdrv_refresh_limits          = vmdk_refresh_limits,
     .bdrv_get_info                = vmdk_get_info,
+    .bdrv_gather_child_options    = vmdk_gather_child_options,
 
     .supports_backing             = true,
     .create_opts                  = &vmdk_create_opts,
diff --git a/block/vpc.c b/block/vpc.c
index 52ab717642..a902a4c54d 100644
--- a/block/vpc.c
+++ b/block/vpc.c
@@ -1218,6 +1218,12 @@ static QemuOptsList vpc_create_opts = {
     }
 };
 
+static const char *const vpc_strong_runtime_opts[] = {
+    VPC_OPT_SIZE_CALC,
+
+    NULL
+};
+
 static BlockDriver bdrv_vpc = {
     .format_name    = "vpc",
     .instance_size  = sizeof(BDRVVPCState),
@@ -1238,6 +1244,7 @@ static BlockDriver bdrv_vpc = {
 
     .create_opts            = &vpc_create_opts,
     .bdrv_has_zero_init     = vpc_has_zero_init,
+    .strong_runtime_opts    = vpc_strong_runtime_opts,
 };
 
 static void bdrv_vpc_init(void)
diff --git a/block/vvfat.c b/block/vvfat.c
index b7b61ea8b7..5f66787890 100644
--- a/block/vvfat.c
+++ b/block/vvfat.c
@@ -3253,6 +3253,16 @@ static void vvfat_close(BlockDriverState *bs)
     }
 }
 
+static const char *const vvfat_strong_runtime_opts[] = {
+    "dir",
+    "fat-type",
+    "floppy",
+    "label",
+    "rw",
+
+    NULL
+};
+
 static BlockDriver bdrv_vvfat = {
     .format_name            = "vvfat",
     .protocol_name          = "fat",
@@ -3267,6 +3277,8 @@ static BlockDriver bdrv_vvfat = {
     .bdrv_co_preadv         = vvfat_co_preadv,
     .bdrv_co_pwritev        = vvfat_co_pwritev,
     .bdrv_co_block_status   = vvfat_co_block_status,
+
+    .strong_runtime_opts    = vvfat_strong_runtime_opts,
 };
 
 static void bdrv_vvfat_init(void)
diff --git a/block/vxhs.c b/block/vxhs.c
index 0cb0a007e9..2e18229ba4 100644
--- a/block/vxhs.c
+++ b/block/vxhs.c
@@ -556,6 +556,16 @@ static int64_t vxhs_getlength(BlockDriverState *bs)
     return vdisk_size;
 }
 
+static const char *const vxhs_strong_runtime_opts[] = {
+    VXHS_OPT_VDISK_ID,
+    "tls-creds",
+    VXHS_OPT_HOST,
+    VXHS_OPT_PORT,
+    VXHS_OPT_SERVER".",
+
+    NULL
+};
+
 static BlockDriver bdrv_vxhs = {
     .format_name                  = "vxhs",
     .protocol_name                = "vxhs",
@@ -567,6 +577,7 @@ static BlockDriver bdrv_vxhs = {
     .bdrv_getlength               = vxhs_getlength,
     .bdrv_aio_preadv              = vxhs_aio_preadv,
     .bdrv_aio_pwritev             = vxhs_aio_pwritev,
+    .strong_runtime_opts          = vxhs_strong_runtime_opts,
 };
 
 static void bdrv_vxhs_init(void)
diff --git a/blockdev.c b/blockdev.c
index 8714ad2702..7e6bf9955c 100644
--- a/blockdev.c
+++ b/blockdev.c
@@ -1627,6 +1627,7 @@ static void external_snapshot_prepare(BlkActionState *common,
                 error_setg_errno(errp, -size, "bdrv_getlength failed");
                 goto out;
             }
+            bdrv_refresh_filename(state->old_bs);
             bdrv_img_create(new_image_file, format,
                             state->old_bs->filename,
                             state->old_bs->drv->format_name,
@@ -3230,6 +3231,7 @@ void qmp_block_stream(bool has_job_id, const char *job_id, const char *device,
             goto out;
         }
         assert(bdrv_get_aio_context(base_bs) == aio_context);
+        bdrv_refresh_filename(base_bs);
         base_name = base_bs->filename;
     }
 
@@ -3349,6 +3351,10 @@ void qmp_block_commit(bool has_job_id, const char *job_id, const char *device,
             goto out;
         }
     } else if (has_top && top) {
+        /* This strcmp() is just a shortcut, there is no need to
+         * refresh @bs's filename.  If it mismatches,
+         * bdrv_find_backing_image() will do the refresh and may still
+         * return @bs. */
         if (strcmp(bs->filename, top) != 0) {
             top_bs = bdrv_find_backing_image(bs, top);
         }
@@ -3509,6 +3515,7 @@ static BlockJob *do_drive_backup(DriveBackup *backup, JobTxn *txn,
     if (backup->mode != NEW_IMAGE_MODE_EXISTING) {
         assert(backup->format);
         if (source) {
+            bdrv_refresh_filename(source);
             bdrv_img_create(backup->target, backup->format, source->filename,
                             source->drv->format_name, NULL,
                             size, flags, false, &local_err);
@@ -3889,6 +3896,7 @@ void qmp_drive_mirror(DriveMirror *arg, Error **errp)
             break;
         case NEW_IMAGE_MODE_ABSOLUTE_PATHS:
             /* create new image with backing file */
+            bdrv_refresh_filename(source);
             bdrv_img_create(arg->target, format,
                             source->filename,
                             source->drv->format_name,
diff --git a/hmp-commands.hx b/hmp-commands.hx
index ba71558c25..e5fbc2ca59 100644
--- a/hmp-commands.hx
+++ b/hmp-commands.hx
@@ -350,49 +350,57 @@ ETEXI
     {
         .name       = "savevm",
         .args_type  = "name:s?",
-        .params     = "[tag|id]",
-        .help       = "save a VM snapshot. If no tag or id are provided, a new snapshot is created",
+        .params     = "tag",
+        .help       = "save a VM snapshot. If no tag is provided, a new snapshot is created",
         .cmd        = hmp_savevm,
     },
 
 STEXI
-@item savevm [@var{tag}|@var{id}]
+@item savevm @var{tag}
 @findex savevm
 Create a snapshot of the whole virtual machine. If @var{tag} is
 provided, it is used as human readable identifier. If there is already
-a snapshot with the same tag or ID, it is replaced. More info at
+a snapshot with the same tag, it is replaced. More info at
 @ref{vm_snapshots}.
+
+Since 4.0, savevm stopped allowing the snapshot id to be set, accepting
+only @var{tag} as parameter.
 ETEXI
 
     {
         .name       = "loadvm",
         .args_type  = "name:s",
-        .params     = "tag|id",
-        .help       = "restore a VM snapshot from its tag or id",
+        .params     = "tag",
+        .help       = "restore a VM snapshot from its tag",
         .cmd        = hmp_loadvm,
         .command_completion = loadvm_completion,
     },
 
 STEXI
-@item loadvm @var{tag}|@var{id}
+@item loadvm @var{tag}
 @findex loadvm
 Set the whole virtual machine to the snapshot identified by the tag
-@var{tag} or the unique snapshot ID @var{id}.
+@var{tag}.
+
+Since 4.0, loadvm stopped accepting snapshot id as parameter.
 ETEXI
 
     {
         .name       = "delvm",
         .args_type  = "name:s",
-        .params     = "tag|id",
-        .help       = "delete a VM snapshot from its tag or id",
+        .params     = "tag",
+        .help       = "delete a VM snapshot from its tag",
         .cmd        = hmp_delvm,
         .command_completion = delvm_completion,
     },
 
 STEXI
-@item delvm @var{tag}|@var{id}
+@item delvm @var{tag}
 @findex delvm
-Delete the snapshot identified by @var{tag} or @var{id}.
+Delete the snapshot identified by @var{tag}.
+
+Since 4.0, delvm stopped deleting snapshots by snapshot id, accepting
+only @var{tag} as parameter.
 ETEXI
 
     {
diff --git a/hw/block/virtio-blk.c b/hw/block/virtio-blk.c
index c159a3d5f7..0cc3c590b9 100644
--- a/hw/block/virtio-blk.c
+++ b/hw/block/virtio-blk.c
@@ -839,6 +839,7 @@ static void virtio_blk_dma_restart_bh(void *opaque)
     if (mrb.num_reqs) {
         virtio_blk_submit_multireq(s->blk, &mrb);
     }
+    blk_dec_in_flight(s->conf.conf.blk);
     aio_context_release(blk_get_aio_context(s->conf.conf.blk));
 }
 
@@ -852,8 +853,11 @@ static void virtio_blk_dma_restart_cb(void *opaque, int running,
     }
 
     if (!s->bh) {
+        /* FIXME The data plane is not started yet, so these requests are
+         * processed in the main thread. */
         s->bh = aio_bh_new(blk_get_aio_context(s->conf.conf.blk),
                            virtio_blk_dma_restart_bh, s);
+        blk_inc_in_flight(s->conf.conf.blk);
         qemu_bh_schedule(s->bh);
     }
 }
diff --git a/include/block/block.h b/include/block/block.h
index 73357c6c25..5b5cf868df 100644
--- a/include/block/block.h
+++ b/include/block/block.h
@@ -485,21 +485,17 @@ void bdrv_round_to_clusters(BlockDriverState *bs,
                             int64_t *cluster_offset,
                             int64_t *cluster_bytes);
 
-const char *bdrv_get_encrypted_filename(BlockDriverState *bs);
 void bdrv_get_backing_filename(BlockDriverState *bs,
                                char *filename, int filename_size);
-void bdrv_get_full_backing_filename(BlockDriverState *bs,
-                                    char *dest, size_t sz, Error **errp);
-void bdrv_get_full_backing_filename_from_filename(const char *backed,
-                                                  const char *backing,
-                                                  char *dest, size_t sz,
-                                                  Error **errp);
+char *bdrv_get_full_backing_filename(BlockDriverState *bs, Error **errp);
+char *bdrv_get_full_backing_filename_from_filename(const char *backed,
+                                                   const char *backing,
+                                                   Error **errp);
+char *bdrv_dirname(BlockDriverState *bs, Error **errp);
 
 int path_has_protocol(const char *path);
 int path_is_absolute(const char *path);
-void path_combine(char *dest, int dest_size,
-                  const char *base_path,
-                  const char *filename);
+char *path_combine(const char *base_path, const char *filename);
 
 int bdrv_readv_vmstate(BlockDriverState *bs, QEMUIOVector *qiov, int64_t pos);
 int bdrv_writev_vmstate(BlockDriverState *bs, QEMUIOVector *qiov, int64_t pos);
diff --git a/include/block/block_int.h b/include/block/block_int.h
index 0075bafd10..836d67c1ae 100644
--- a/include/block/block_int.h
+++ b/include/block/block_int.h
@@ -139,7 +139,42 @@ struct BlockDriver {
                                             Error **errp);
     int (*bdrv_make_empty)(BlockDriverState *bs);
 
-    void (*bdrv_refresh_filename)(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options);
+    /*
+     * Refreshes the bs->exact_filename field. If that is impossible,
+     * bs->exact_filename has to be left empty.
+     */
+    void (*bdrv_refresh_filename)(BlockDriverState *bs);
+
+    /*
+     * Gathers the open options for all children into @target.
+     * A simple format driver (without backing file support) might
+     * implement this function like this:
+     *
+     *     QINCREF(bs->file->bs->full_open_options);
+     *     qdict_put(target, "file", bs->file->bs->full_open_options);
+     *
+     * If not specified, the generic implementation will simply put
+     * all children's options under their respective name.
+     *
+     * @backing_overridden is true when bs->backing seems not to be
+     * the child that would result from opening bs->backing_file.
+     * Therefore, if it is true, the backing child's options should be
+     * gathered; otherwise, there is no need since the backing child
+     * is the one implied by the image header.
+     *
+     * Note that ideally this function would not be needed.  Every
+     * block driver which implements it is probably doing something
+     * shady regarding its runtime option structure.
+     */
+    void (*bdrv_gather_child_options)(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *target,
+                                      bool backing_overridden);
+
+    /*
+     * Returns an allocated string which is the directory name of this BDS: It
+     * will be used to make relative filenames absolute by prepending this
+     * function's return value to them.
+     */
+    char *(*bdrv_dirname)(BlockDriverState *bs, Error **errp);
 
     /* aio */
     BlockAIOCB *(*bdrv_aio_preadv)(BlockDriverState *bs,
@@ -510,6 +545,13 @@ struct BlockDriver {
     void (*bdrv_register_buf)(BlockDriverState *bs, void *host, size_t size);
     void (*bdrv_unregister_buf)(BlockDriverState *bs, void *host);
     QLIST_ENTRY(BlockDriver) list;
+
+    /* Pointer to a NULL-terminated array of names of strong options
+     * that can be specified for bdrv_open(). A strong option is one
+     * that changes the data of a BDS.
+     * If this pointer is NULL, the array is considered empty.
+     * "filename" and "driver" are always considered strong. */
+    const char *const *strong_runtime_opts;
 };
 
 typedef struct BlockLimits {
@@ -662,6 +704,11 @@ struct BdrvChild {
      */
     uint64_t shared_perm;
 
+    /* backup of permissions during permission update procedure */
+    bool has_backup_perm;
+    uint64_t backup_perm;
+    uint64_t backup_shared_perm;
+
     QLIST_ENTRY(BdrvChild) next;
     QLIST_ENTRY(BdrvChild) next_parent;
 };
@@ -697,6 +744,10 @@ struct BlockDriverState {
     char filename[PATH_MAX];
     char backing_file[PATH_MAX]; /* if non zero, the image is a diff of
                                     this file image */
+    /* The backing filename indicated by the image header; if we ever
+     * open this file, then this is replaced by the resulting BDS's
+     * filename (i.e. after a bdrv_refresh_filename() run). */
+    char auto_backing_file[PATH_MAX];
     char backing_format[16]; /* if non-zero and backing_file exists */
 
     QDict *full_open_options;
diff --git a/include/block/nbd.h b/include/block/nbd.h
index 96cfb1d7d5..c6ef1ef42e 100644
--- a/include/block/nbd.h
+++ b/include/block/nbd.h
@@ -300,7 +300,8 @@ int nbd_receive_export_list(QIOChannel *ioc, QCryptoTLSCreds *tlscreds,
 int nbd_init(int fd, QIOChannelSocket *sioc, NBDExportInfo *info,
              Error **errp);
 int nbd_send_request(QIOChannel *ioc, NBDRequest *request);
-int nbd_receive_reply(QIOChannel *ioc, NBDReply *reply, Error **errp);
+int coroutine_fn nbd_receive_reply(BlockDriverState *bs, QIOChannel *ioc,
+                                   NBDReply *reply, Error **errp);
 int nbd_client(int fd);
 int nbd_disconnect(int fd);
 int nbd_errno_to_system_errno(int err);
diff --git a/include/block/snapshot.h b/include/block/snapshot.h
index f73d1094af..b5d5084a12 100644
--- a/include/block/snapshot.h
+++ b/include/block/snapshot.h
@@ -61,9 +61,6 @@ int bdrv_snapshot_delete(BlockDriverState *bs,
                          const char *snapshot_id,
                          const char *name,
                          Error **errp);
-int bdrv_snapshot_delete_by_id_or_name(BlockDriverState *bs,
-                                       const char *id_or_name,
-                                       Error **errp);
 int bdrv_snapshot_list(BlockDriverState *bs,
                        QEMUSnapshotInfo **psn_info);
 int bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(BlockDriverState *bs,
diff --git a/include/io/channel.h b/include/io/channel.h
index da2f138200..59460cb1ec 100644
--- a/include/io/channel.h
+++ b/include/io/channel.h
@@ -739,10 +739,13 @@ void qio_channel_detach_aio_context(QIOChannel *ioc);
  * addition, no two coroutine can be waiting on the same condition
  * and channel at the same time.
  *
- * This must only be called from coroutine context
+ * This must only be called from coroutine context. It is safe to
+ * reenter the coroutine externally while it is waiting; in this
+ * case the function will return even if @condition is not yet
+ * available.
  */
-void qio_channel_yield(QIOChannel *ioc,
-                       GIOCondition condition);
+void coroutine_fn qio_channel_yield(QIOChannel *ioc,
+                                    GIOCondition condition);
 
 /**
  * qio_channel_wait:
diff --git a/include/sysemu/block-backend.h b/include/sysemu/block-backend.h
index 832a4bf168..e2066eb06b 100644
--- a/include/sysemu/block-backend.h
+++ b/include/sysemu/block-backend.h
@@ -156,6 +156,8 @@ int blk_co_pdiscard(BlockBackend *blk, int64_t offset, int bytes);
 int blk_co_flush(BlockBackend *blk);
 int blk_flush(BlockBackend *blk);
 int blk_commit_all(void);
+void blk_inc_in_flight(BlockBackend *blk);
+void blk_dec_in_flight(BlockBackend *blk);
 void blk_drain(BlockBackend *blk);
 void blk_drain_all(void);
 void blk_set_on_error(BlockBackend *blk, BlockdevOnError on_read_error,
diff --git a/io/channel.c b/io/channel.c
index 8dd0684f5d..2a26c2a2c0 100644
--- a/io/channel.c
+++ b/io/channel.c
@@ -400,15 +400,14 @@ off_t qio_channel_io_seek(QIOChannel *ioc,
 }
 
 
-static void qio_channel_set_aio_fd_handlers(QIOChannel *ioc);
-
 static void qio_channel_restart_read(void *opaque)
 {
     QIOChannel *ioc = opaque;
     Coroutine *co = ioc->read_coroutine;
 
-    ioc->read_coroutine = NULL;
-    qio_channel_set_aio_fd_handlers(ioc);
+    /* Assert that aio_co_wake() reenters the coroutine directly */
+    assert(qemu_get_current_aio_context() ==
+           qemu_coroutine_get_aio_context(co));
     aio_co_wake(co);
 }
 
@@ -417,8 +416,9 @@ static void qio_channel_restart_write(void *opaque)
     QIOChannel *ioc = opaque;
     Coroutine *co = ioc->write_coroutine;
 
-    ioc->write_coroutine = NULL;
-    qio_channel_set_aio_fd_handlers(ioc);
+    /* Assert that aio_co_wake() reenters the coroutine directly */
+    assert(qemu_get_current_aio_context() ==
+           qemu_coroutine_get_aio_context(co));
     aio_co_wake(co);
 }
 
@@ -469,6 +469,16 @@ void coroutine_fn qio_channel_yield(QIOChannel *ioc,
     }
     qio_channel_set_aio_fd_handlers(ioc);
     qemu_coroutine_yield();
+
+    /* Allow interrupting the operation by reentering the coroutine other than
+     * through the aio_fd_handlers. */
+    if (condition == G_IO_IN && ioc->read_coroutine) {
+        ioc->read_coroutine = NULL;
+        qio_channel_set_aio_fd_handlers(ioc);
+    } else if (condition == G_IO_OUT && ioc->write_coroutine) {
+        ioc->write_coroutine = NULL;
+        qio_channel_set_aio_fd_handlers(ioc);
+    }
 }
 
 
diff --git a/nbd/client.c b/nbd/client.c
index 10a52ad7d0..de7da48246 100644
--- a/nbd/client.c
+++ b/nbd/client.c
@@ -1387,17 +1387,65 @@ static int nbd_receive_structured_reply_chunk(QIOChannel *ioc,
     return 0;
 }
 
+/* nbd_read_eof
+ * Tries to read @size bytes from @ioc.
+ * Returns 1 on success
+ *         0 on eof, when no data was read (errp is not set)
+ *         negative errno on failure (errp is set)
+ */
+static inline int coroutine_fn
+nbd_read_eof(BlockDriverState *bs, QIOChannel *ioc, void *buffer, size_t size,
+             Error **errp)
+{
+    bool partial = false;
+
+    assert(size);
+    while (size > 0) {
+        struct iovec iov = { .iov_base = buffer, .iov_len = size };
+        ssize_t len;
+
+        len = qio_channel_readv(ioc, &iov, 1, errp);
+        if (len == QIO_CHANNEL_ERR_BLOCK) {
+            bdrv_dec_in_flight(bs);
+            qio_channel_yield(ioc, G_IO_IN);
+            bdrv_inc_in_flight(bs);
+            continue;
+        } else if (len < 0) {
+            return -EIO;
+        } else if (len == 0) {
+            if (partial) {
+                error_setg(errp,
+                           "Unexpected end-of-file before all bytes were read");
+                return -EIO;
+            } else {
+                return 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        partial = true;
+        size -= len;
+        buffer = (uint8_t*) buffer + len;
+    }
+    return 1;
+}
+
 /* nbd_receive_reply
+ *
+ * Decreases bs->in_flight while waiting for a new reply. This yield is where
+ * we wait indefinitely and the coroutine must be able to be safely reentered
+ * for nbd_client_attach_aio_context().
+ *
  * Returns 1 on success
  *         0 on eof, when no data was read (errp is not set)
  *         negative errno on failure (errp is set)
  */
-int nbd_receive_reply(QIOChannel *ioc, NBDReply *reply, Error **errp)
+int coroutine_fn nbd_receive_reply(BlockDriverState *bs, QIOChannel *ioc,
+                                   NBDReply *reply, Error **errp)
 {
     int ret;
     const char *type;
 
-    ret = nbd_read_eof(ioc, &reply->magic, sizeof(reply->magic), errp);
+    ret = nbd_read_eof(bs, ioc, &reply->magic, sizeof(reply->magic), errp);
     if (ret <= 0) {
         return ret;
     }
diff --git a/nbd/nbd-internal.h b/nbd/nbd-internal.h
index 82aa221227..049f83df77 100644
--- a/nbd/nbd-internal.h
+++ b/nbd/nbd-internal.h
@@ -64,25 +64,6 @@
 #define NBD_SET_TIMEOUT             _IO(0xab, 9)
 #define NBD_SET_FLAGS               _IO(0xab, 10)
 
-/* nbd_read_eof
- * Tries to read @size bytes from @ioc.
- * Returns 1 on success
- *         0 on eof, when no data was read (errp is not set)
- *         negative errno on failure (errp is set)
- */
-static inline int nbd_read_eof(QIOChannel *ioc, void *buffer, size_t size,
-                               Error **errp)
-{
-    int ret;
-
-    assert(size);
-    ret = qio_channel_read_all_eof(ioc, buffer, size, errp);
-    if (ret < 0) {
-        ret = -EIO;
-    }
-    return ret;
-}
-
 /* nbd_write
  * Writes @size bytes to @ioc. Returns 0 on success.
  */
diff --git a/qemu-img.c b/qemu-img.c
index 7853935049..660c01898e 100644
--- a/qemu-img.c
+++ b/qemu-img.c
@@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ static int img_create(int argc, char **argv)
 
     if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
                           user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
-                          NULL, NULL)) {
+                          NULL, &error_fatal)) {
         goto fail;
     }
 
@@ -753,7 +753,7 @@ static int img_check(int argc, char **argv)
 
     if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
                           user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
-                          NULL, NULL)) {
+                          NULL, &error_fatal)) {
         return 1;
     }
 
@@ -966,7 +966,7 @@ static int img_commit(int argc, char **argv)
 
     if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
                           user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
-                          NULL, NULL)) {
+                          NULL, &error_fatal)) {
         return 1;
     }
 
@@ -1349,7 +1349,7 @@ static int img_compare(int argc, char **argv)
 
     if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
                           user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
-                          NULL, NULL)) {
+                          NULL, &error_fatal)) {
         ret = 2;
         goto out4;
     }
@@ -2153,7 +2153,7 @@ static int img_convert(int argc, char **argv)
 
     if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
                           user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
-                          NULL, NULL)) {
+                          NULL, &error_fatal)) {
         goto fail_getopt;
     }
 
@@ -2707,7 +2707,7 @@ static int img_info(int argc, char **argv)
 
     if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
                           user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
-                          NULL, NULL)) {
+                          NULL, &error_fatal)) {
         return 1;
     }
 
@@ -2784,6 +2784,7 @@ static int get_block_status(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset,
     BlockDriverState *file;
     bool has_offset;
     int64_t map;
+    char *filename = NULL;
 
     /* As an optimization, we could cache the current range of unallocated
      * clusters in each file of the chain, and avoid querying the same
@@ -2811,6 +2812,11 @@ static int get_block_status(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset,
 
     has_offset = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID);
 
+    if (file && has_offset) {
+        bdrv_refresh_filename(file);
+        filename = file->filename;
+    }
+
     *e = (MapEntry) {
         .start = offset,
         .length = bytes,
@@ -2819,8 +2825,8 @@ static int get_block_status(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset,
         .offset = map,
         .has_offset = has_offset,
         .depth = depth,
-        .has_filename = file && has_offset,
-        .filename = file && has_offset ? file->filename : NULL,
+        .has_filename = filename,
+        .filename = filename,
     };
 
     return 0;
@@ -2926,7 +2932,7 @@ static int img_map(int argc, char **argv)
 
     if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
                           user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
-                          NULL, NULL)) {
+                          NULL, &error_fatal)) {
         return 1;
     }
 
@@ -3075,7 +3081,7 @@ static int img_snapshot(int argc, char **argv)
 
     if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
                           user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
-                          NULL, NULL)) {
+                          NULL, &error_fatal)) {
         return 1;
     }
 
@@ -3117,11 +3123,18 @@ static int img_snapshot(int argc, char **argv)
         break;
 
     case SNAPSHOT_DELETE:
-        bdrv_snapshot_delete_by_id_or_name(bs, snapshot_name, &err);
-        if (err) {
-            error_reportf_err(err, "Could not delete snapshot '%s': ",
-                              snapshot_name);
+        ret = bdrv_snapshot_find(bs, &sn, snapshot_name);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            error_report("Could not delete snapshot '%s': snapshot not "
+                         "found", snapshot_name);
             ret = 1;
+        } else {
+            ret = bdrv_snapshot_delete(bs, sn.id_str, sn.name, &err);
+            if (ret < 0) {
+                error_reportf_err(err, "Could not delete snapshot '%s': ",
+                                  snapshot_name);
+                ret = 1;
+            }
         }
         break;
     }
@@ -3235,7 +3248,7 @@ static int img_rebase(int argc, char **argv)
 
     if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
                           user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
-                          NULL, NULL)) {
+                          NULL, &error_fatal)) {
         return 1;
     }
 
@@ -3321,20 +3334,17 @@ static int img_rebase(int argc, char **argv)
                 qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
             }
 
+            bdrv_refresh_filename(bs);
             overlay_filename = bs->exact_filename[0] ? bs->exact_filename
                                                      : bs->filename;
-            out_real_path = g_malloc(PATH_MAX);
-
-            bdrv_get_full_backing_filename_from_filename(overlay_filename,
-                                                         out_baseimg,
-                                                         out_real_path,
-                                                         PATH_MAX,
-                                                         &local_err);
+            out_real_path =
+                bdrv_get_full_backing_filename_from_filename(overlay_filename,
+                                                             out_baseimg,
+                                                             &local_err);
             if (local_err) {
                 error_reportf_err(local_err,
                                   "Could not resolve backing filename: ");
                 ret = -1;
-                g_free(out_real_path);
                 goto out;
             }
 
@@ -3615,7 +3625,7 @@ static int img_resize(int argc, char **argv)
 
     if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
                           user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
-                          NULL, NULL)) {
+                          NULL, &error_fatal)) {
         return 1;
     }
 
@@ -3859,7 +3869,7 @@ static int img_amend(int argc, char **argv)
 
     if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
                           user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
-                          NULL, NULL)) {
+                          NULL, &error_fatal)) {
         ret = -1;
         goto out_no_progress;
     }
@@ -4503,7 +4513,7 @@ static int img_dd(int argc, char **argv)
 
     if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
                           user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
-                          NULL, NULL)) {
+                          NULL, &error_fatal)) {
         ret = -1;
         goto out;
     }
@@ -4780,7 +4790,7 @@ static int img_measure(int argc, char **argv)
 
     if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
                           user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
-                          NULL, NULL)) {
+                          NULL, &error_fatal)) {
         goto out;
     }
 
diff --git a/scripts/qemu.py b/scripts/qemu.py
index 32b00af5cc..f7269eefbb 100644
--- a/scripts/qemu.py
+++ b/scripts/qemu.py
@@ -144,10 +144,9 @@ class QEMUMachine(object):
         return False
 
     # This can be used to add an unused monitor instance.
-    def add_monitor_telnet(self, ip, port):
-        args = 'tcp:%s:%d,server,nowait,telnet' % (ip, port)
+    def add_monitor_null(self):
         self._args.append('-monitor')
-        self._args.append(args)
+        self._args.append('null')
 
     def add_fd(self, fd, fdset, opaque, opts=''):
         """
diff --git a/tests/Makefile.include b/tests/Makefile.include
index e60488da7d..370de59974 100644
--- a/tests/Makefile.include
+++ b/tests/Makefile.include
@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ check-unit-y += tests/test-throttle$(EXESUF)
 check-unit-y += tests/test-thread-pool$(EXESUF)
 check-unit-y += tests/test-hbitmap$(EXESUF)
 check-unit-y += tests/test-bdrv-drain$(EXESUF)
+check-unit-y += tests/test-bdrv-graph-mod$(EXESUF)
 check-unit-y += tests/test-blockjob$(EXESUF)
 check-unit-y += tests/test-blockjob-txn$(EXESUF)
 check-unit-y += tests/test-block-backend$(EXESUF)
@@ -561,6 +562,7 @@ tests/test-aio$(EXESUF): tests/test-aio.o $(test-block-obj-y)
 tests/test-aio-multithread$(EXESUF): tests/test-aio-multithread.o $(test-block-obj-y)
 tests/test-throttle$(EXESUF): tests/test-throttle.o $(test-block-obj-y)
 tests/test-bdrv-drain$(EXESUF): tests/test-bdrv-drain.o $(test-block-obj-y) $(test-util-obj-y)
+tests/test-bdrv-graph-mod$(EXESUF): tests/test-bdrv-graph-mod.o $(test-block-obj-y) $(test-util-obj-y)
 tests/test-blockjob$(EXESUF): tests/test-blockjob.o $(test-block-obj-y) $(test-util-obj-y)
 tests/test-blockjob-txn$(EXESUF): tests/test-blockjob-txn.o $(test-block-obj-y) $(test-util-obj-y)
 tests/test-block-backend$(EXESUF): tests/test-block-backend.o $(test-block-obj-y) $(test-util-obj-y)
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/045 b/tests/qemu-iotests/045
index 55a5d31ca8..d5484a0ee1 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/045
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/045
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ class TestSCMFd(iotests.QMPTestCase):
         qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, image0, '128K')
         # Add an unused monitor, to verify it works fine when two monitor
         # instances present
-        self.vm.add_monitor_telnet("0",4445)
+        self.vm.add_monitor_null()
         self.vm.launch()
 
     def tearDown(self):
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/051.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/051.out
index 793af2ab96..b900935fbc 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/051.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/051.out
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ QEMU X.Y.Z monitor - type 'help' for more information
 Testing: -drive file=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2,driver=qcow2,backing.file.filename=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.orig,if=none,id=drive0 -nodefaults
 QEMU X.Y.Z monitor - type 'help' for more information
 (qemu) info block
-drive0 (NODE_NAME): TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 (qcow2)
+drive0 (NODE_NAME): json:{"backing": {"driver": "qcow2", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.orig"}}, "driver": "qcow2", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/t.qcow2"}} (qcow2)
     Removable device: not locked, tray closed
     Cache mode:       writeback
     Backing file:     TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.orig (chain depth: 1)
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ QEMU_PROG: -drive driver=null-co,cache=invalid_value: invalid cache option
 Testing: -drive file=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2,cache=writeback,backing.file.filename=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base,backing.cache.no-flush=on,backing.node-name=backing,backing.file.node-name=backing-file,file.node-name=file,if=none,id=drive0 -nodefaults
 QEMU X.Y.Z monitor - type 'help' for more information
 (qemu) info block
-drive0 (NODE_NAME): TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 (qcow2)
+drive0 (NODE_NAME): json:{"backing": {"driver": "qcow2", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base"}}, "driver": "qcow2", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/t.qcow2"}} (qcow2)
     Removable device: not locked, tray closed
     Cache mode:       writeback
     Backing file:     TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base (chain depth: 1)
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ backing-file: TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base (file, read-only)
 Testing: -drive file=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2,cache=writethrough,backing.file.filename=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base,backing.cache.no-flush=on,backing.node-name=backing,backing.file.node-name=backing-file,file.node-name=file,if=none,id=drive0 -nodefaults
 QEMU X.Y.Z monitor - type 'help' for more information
 (qemu) info block
-drive0 (NODE_NAME): TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 (qcow2)
+drive0 (NODE_NAME): json:{"backing": {"driver": "qcow2", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base"}}, "driver": "qcow2", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/t.qcow2"}} (qcow2)
     Removable device: not locked, tray closed
     Cache mode:       writethrough
     Backing file:     TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base (chain depth: 1)
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ backing-file: TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base (file, read-only)
 Testing: -drive file=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2,cache=unsafe,backing.file.filename=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base,backing.cache.no-flush=on,backing.node-name=backing,backing.file.node-name=backing-file,file.node-name=file,if=none,id=drive0 -nodefaults
 QEMU X.Y.Z monitor - type 'help' for more information
 (qemu) info block
-drive0 (NODE_NAME): TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 (qcow2)
+drive0 (NODE_NAME): json:{"backing": {"driver": "qcow2", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base"}}, "driver": "qcow2", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/t.qcow2"}} (qcow2)
     Removable device: not locked, tray closed
     Cache mode:       writeback, ignore flushes
     Backing file:     TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base (chain depth: 1)
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/051.pc.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/051.pc.out
index ca64edae6a..8c5c735dfd 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/051.pc.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/051.pc.out
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ QEMU X.Y.Z monitor - type 'help' for more information
 Testing: -drive file=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2,driver=qcow2,backing.file.filename=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.orig,if=none,id=drive0 -nodefaults
 QEMU X.Y.Z monitor - type 'help' for more information
 (qemu) info block
-drive0 (NODE_NAME): TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 (qcow2)
+drive0 (NODE_NAME): json:{"backing": {"driver": "qcow2", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.orig"}}, "driver": "qcow2", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/t.qcow2"}} (qcow2)
     Removable device: not locked, tray closed
     Cache mode:       writeback
     Backing file:     TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.orig (chain depth: 1)
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ QEMU_PROG: -drive driver=null-co,cache=invalid_value: invalid cache option
 Testing: -drive file=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2,cache=writeback,backing.file.filename=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base,backing.cache.no-flush=on,backing.node-name=backing,backing.file.node-name=backing-file,file.node-name=file,if=none,id=drive0 -nodefaults
 QEMU X.Y.Z monitor - type 'help' for more information
 (qemu) info block
-drive0 (NODE_NAME): TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 (qcow2)
+drive0 (NODE_NAME): json:{"backing": {"driver": "qcow2", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base"}}, "driver": "qcow2", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/t.qcow2"}} (qcow2)
     Removable device: not locked, tray closed
     Cache mode:       writeback
     Backing file:     TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base (chain depth: 1)
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ backing-file: TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base (file, read-only)
 Testing: -drive file=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2,cache=writethrough,backing.file.filename=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base,backing.cache.no-flush=on,backing.node-name=backing,backing.file.node-name=backing-file,file.node-name=file,if=none,id=drive0 -nodefaults
 QEMU X.Y.Z monitor - type 'help' for more information
 (qemu) info block
-drive0 (NODE_NAME): TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 (qcow2)
+drive0 (NODE_NAME): json:{"backing": {"driver": "qcow2", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base"}}, "driver": "qcow2", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/t.qcow2"}} (qcow2)
     Removable device: not locked, tray closed
     Cache mode:       writethrough
     Backing file:     TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base (chain depth: 1)
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ backing-file: TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base (file, read-only)
 Testing: -drive file=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2,cache=unsafe,backing.file.filename=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base,backing.cache.no-flush=on,backing.node-name=backing,backing.file.node-name=backing-file,file.node-name=file,if=none,id=drive0 -nodefaults
 QEMU X.Y.Z monitor - type 'help' for more information
 (qemu) info block
-drive0 (NODE_NAME): TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 (qcow2)
+drive0 (NODE_NAME): json:{"backing": {"driver": "qcow2", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base"}}, "driver": "qcow2", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/t.qcow2"}} (qcow2)
     Removable device: not locked, tray closed
     Cache mode:       writeback, ignore flushes
     Backing file:     TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base (chain depth: 1)
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/110 b/tests/qemu-iotests/110
index b64b3b215a..185ad5437e 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/110
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/110
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ status=1	# failure is the default!
 _cleanup()
 {
 	_cleanup_test_img
+        rm -f "$TEST_IMG.copy"
 }
 trap "_cleanup; exit \$status" 0 1 2 3 15
 
@@ -60,7 +61,8 @@ echo '=== Non-reconstructable filename ==='
 echo
 
 # Across blkdebug without a config file, you cannot reconstruct filenames, so
-# qemu is incapable of knowing the directory of the top image
+# qemu is incapable of knowing the directory of the top image from the filename
+# alone. However, using bdrv_dirname(), it should still work.
 TEST_IMG="json:{
     'driver': '$IMGFMT',
     'file': {
@@ -85,6 +87,31 @@ echo
 # omit the image size; it should work anyway
 _make_test_img -b "$TEST_IMG_REL.base"
 
+echo
+echo '=== Nodes without a common directory ==='
+echo
+
+cp "$TEST_IMG" "$TEST_IMG.copy"
+
+# Should inform us that the actual path of the backing file cannot be determined
+TEST_IMG="json:{
+    'driver': '$IMGFMT',
+    'file': {
+        'driver': 'quorum',
+        'vote-threshold': 1,
+        'children': [
+            {
+                'driver': 'file',
+                'filename': '$TEST_IMG'
+            },
+            {
+                'driver': 'file',
+                'filename': '$TEST_IMG.copy'
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+}" _img_info | _filter_img_info
+
 
 # success, all done
 echo '*** done'
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/110.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/110.out
index b3584ff87f..46e6a60510 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/110.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/110.out
@@ -14,9 +14,16 @@ backing file: t.IMGFMT.base (actual path: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base)
 image: json:{"driver": "IMGFMT", "file": {"set-state.0.event": "read_aio", "image": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT"}, "driver": "blkdebug", "set-state.0.new_state": 42}}
 file format: IMGFMT
 virtual size: 64M (67108864 bytes)
-backing file: t.IMGFMT.base (cannot determine actual path)
+backing file: t.IMGFMT.base (actual path: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base)
 
 === Backing name is always relative to the backed image ===
 
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 backing_file=t.IMGFMT.base
+
+=== Nodes without a common directory ===
+
+image: json:{"driver": "IMGFMT", "file": {"children": [{"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT"}, {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.copy"}], "driver": "quorum", "vote-threshold": 1}}
+file format: IMGFMT
+virtual size: 64M (67108864 bytes)
+backing file: t.IMGFMT.base (cannot determine actual path)
 *** done
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/178 b/tests/qemu-iotests/178
index 3f4b4a4564..927bf06e4d 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/178
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/178
@@ -142,6 +142,14 @@ for ofmt in human json; do
             # The backing file doesn't need to exist :)
             $QEMU_IMG measure --output=$ofmt -o backing_file=x \
                               -f "$fmt" -O "$IMGFMT" "$TEST_IMG"
+
+            echo
+            echo "== $fmt input image and LUKS encryption =="
+            echo
+            $QEMU_IMG measure --output=$ofmt \
+                              --object secret,id=sec0,data=base \
+                              -o encrypt.format=luks,encrypt.key-secret=sec0,encrypt.iter-time=10 \
+                              -f "$fmt" -O "$IMGFMT" "$TEST_IMG"
         fi
 
         echo
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/178.out.qcow2 b/tests/qemu-iotests/178.out.qcow2
index d42d4a4597..55a8dc926f 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/178.out.qcow2
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/178.out.qcow2
@@ -68,6 +68,11 @@ converted image file size in bytes: 458752
 required size: 1074135040
 fully allocated size: 1074135040
 
+== qcow2 input image and LUKS encryption ==
+
+required size: 2686976
+fully allocated size: 1076232192
+
 == qcow2 input image and preallocation (human) ==
 
 required size: 1074135040
@@ -114,6 +119,11 @@ converted image file size in bytes: 524288
 required size: 1074135040
 fully allocated size: 1074135040
 
+== raw input image and LUKS encryption ==
+
+required size: 2686976
+fully allocated size: 1076232192
+
 == raw input image and preallocation (human) ==
 
 required size: 1074135040
@@ -205,6 +215,13 @@ converted image file size in bytes: 458752
     "fully-allocated": 1074135040
 }
 
+== qcow2 input image and LUKS encryption ==
+
+{
+    "required": 2686976,
+    "fully-allocated": 1076232192
+}
+
 == qcow2 input image and preallocation (json) ==
 
 {
@@ -263,6 +280,13 @@ converted image file size in bytes: 524288
     "fully-allocated": 1074135040
 }
 
+== raw input image and LUKS encryption ==
+
+{
+    "required": 2686976,
+    "fully-allocated": 1076232192
+}
+
 == raw input image and preallocation (json) ==
 
 {
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/206.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/206.out
index 91f4db55d3..0f1c23babb 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/206.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/206.out
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 === Successful image creation (defaults) ===
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.qcow2", "size": 0}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.qcow2", "size": 0}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-add", "arguments": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.qcow2", "node_name": "imgfile"}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-add", "arguments": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.qcow2", "node-name": "imgfile"}}
 {"return": {}}
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "qcow2", "file": "imgfile", "size": 134217728}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "qcow2", "file": "imgfile", "size": 134217728}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
@@ -24,12 +24,12 @@ Format specific information:
 
 === Successful image creation (inline blockdev-add, explicit defaults) ===
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.qcow2", "nocow": false, "preallocation": "off", "size": 0}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.qcow2", "nocow": false, "preallocation": "off", "size": 0}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"cluster-size": 65536, "driver": "qcow2", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.qcow2"}, "lazy-refcounts": false, "preallocation": "off", "refcount-bits": 16, "size": 67108864, "version": "v3"}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"cluster-size": 65536, "driver": "qcow2", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.qcow2"}, "lazy-refcounts": false, "preallocation": "off", "refcount-bits": 16, "size": 67108864, "version": "v3"}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
@@ -46,12 +46,12 @@ Format specific information:
 
 === Successful image creation (v3 non-default options) ===
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.qcow2", "nocow": true, "preallocation": "falloc", "size": 0}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.qcow2", "nocow": true, "preallocation": "falloc", "size": 0}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"cluster-size": 2097152, "driver": "qcow2", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.qcow2"}, "lazy-refcounts": true, "preallocation": "metadata", "refcount-bits": 1, "size": 33554432, "version": "v3"}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"cluster-size": 2097152, "driver": "qcow2", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.qcow2"}, "lazy-refcounts": true, "preallocation": "metadata", "refcount-bits": 1, "size": 33554432, "version": "v3"}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
@@ -68,12 +68,12 @@ Format specific information:
 
 === Successful image creation (v2 non-default options) ===
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.qcow2", "size": 0}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.qcow2", "size": 0}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"backing-file": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.qcow2.base", "backing-fmt": "qcow2", "cluster-size": 512, "driver": "qcow2", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.qcow2"}, "size": 33554432, "version": "v2"}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"backing-file": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.qcow2.base", "backing-fmt": "qcow2", "cluster-size": 512, "driver": "qcow2", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.qcow2"}, "size": 33554432, "version": "v2"}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ Format specific information:
 
 === Successful image creation (encrypted) ===
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "qcow2", "encrypt": {"cipher-alg": "twofish-128", "cipher-mode": "ctr", "format": "luks", "hash-alg": "sha1", "iter-time": 10, "ivgen-alg": "plain64", "ivgen-hash-alg": "md5", "key-secret": "keysec0"}, "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.qcow2"}, "size": 33554432}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "qcow2", "encrypt": {"cipher-alg": "twofish-128", "cipher-mode": "ctr", "format": "luks", "hash-alg": "sha1", "iter-time": 10, "ivgen-alg": "plain64", "ivgen-hash-alg": "md5", "key-secret": "keysec0"}, "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.qcow2"}, "size": 33554432}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
@@ -144,111 +144,111 @@ Format specific information:
 
 === Invalid BlockdevRef ===
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "qcow2", "file": "this doesn't exist", "size": 33554432}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "qcow2", "file": "this doesn't exist", "size": 33554432}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Cannot find device=this doesn't exist nor node_name=this doesn't exist
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
 === Invalid sizes ===
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "qcow2", "file": "node0", "size": 1234}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "qcow2", "file": "node0", "size": 1234}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Image size must be a multiple of 512 bytes
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "qcow2", "file": "node0", "size": 18446744073709551104}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "qcow2", "file": "node0", "size": 18446744073709551104}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Could not resize image: Image size cannot be negative
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "qcow2", "file": "node0", "size": 9223372036854775808}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "qcow2", "file": "node0", "size": 9223372036854775808}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Could not resize image: Image size cannot be negative
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "qcow2", "file": "node0", "size": 9223372036854775296}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "qcow2", "file": "node0", "size": 9223372036854775296}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Could not resize image: Failed to grow the L1 table: File too large
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
 === Invalid version ===
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "qcow2", "file": "node0", "size": 67108864, "version": "v1"}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "qcow2", "file": "node0", "size": 67108864, "version": "v1"}}}
 {"error": {"class": "GenericError", "desc": "Invalid parameter 'v1'"}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "qcow2", "file": "node0", "lazy-refcounts": true, "size": 67108864, "version": "v2"}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "qcow2", "file": "node0", "lazy-refcounts": true, "size": 67108864, "version": "v2"}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Lazy refcounts only supported with compatibility level 1.1 and above (use version=v3 or greater)
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "qcow2", "file": "node0", "refcount-bits": 8, "size": 67108864, "version": "v2"}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "qcow2", "file": "node0", "refcount-bits": 8, "size": 67108864, "version": "v2"}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Different refcount widths than 16 bits require compatibility level 1.1 or above (use version=v3 or greater)
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
 === Invalid backing file options ===
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"backing-file": "/dev/null", "driver": "qcow2", "file": "node0", "preallocation": "full", "size": 67108864}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"backing-file": "/dev/null", "driver": "qcow2", "file": "node0", "preallocation": "full", "size": 67108864}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Backing file and preallocation cannot be used at the same time
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"backing-fmt": "qcow2", "driver": "qcow2", "file": "node0", "size": 67108864}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"backing-fmt": "qcow2", "driver": "qcow2", "file": "node0", "size": 67108864}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Backing format cannot be used without backing file
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
 === Invalid cluster size ===
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"cluster-size": 1234, "driver": "qcow2", "file": "node0", "size": 67108864}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"cluster-size": 1234, "driver": "qcow2", "file": "node0", "size": 67108864}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Cluster size must be a power of two between 512 and 2048k
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"cluster-size": 128, "driver": "qcow2", "file": "node0", "size": 67108864}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"cluster-size": 128, "driver": "qcow2", "file": "node0", "size": 67108864}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Cluster size must be a power of two between 512 and 2048k
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"cluster-size": 4194304, "driver": "qcow2", "file": "node0", "size": 67108864}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"cluster-size": 4194304, "driver": "qcow2", "file": "node0", "size": 67108864}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Cluster size must be a power of two between 512 and 2048k
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"cluster-size": 0, "driver": "qcow2", "file": "node0", "size": 67108864}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"cluster-size": 0, "driver": "qcow2", "file": "node0", "size": 67108864}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Cluster size must be a power of two between 512 and 2048k
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"cluster-size": 512, "driver": "qcow2", "file": "node0", "size": 281474976710656}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"cluster-size": 512, "driver": "qcow2", "file": "node0", "size": 281474976710656}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Could not resize image: Failed to grow the L1 table: File too large
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
 === Invalid refcount width ===
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "qcow2", "file": "node0", "refcount-bits": 128, "size": 67108864}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "qcow2", "file": "node0", "refcount-bits": 128, "size": 67108864}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Refcount width must be a power of two and may not exceed 64 bits
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "qcow2", "file": "node0", "refcount-bits": 0, "size": 67108864}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "qcow2", "file": "node0", "refcount-bits": 0, "size": 67108864}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Refcount width must be a power of two and may not exceed 64 bits
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "qcow2", "file": "node0", "refcount-bits": 7, "size": 67108864}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "qcow2", "file": "node0", "refcount-bits": 7, "size": 67108864}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Refcount width must be a power of two and may not exceed 64 bits
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/207 b/tests/qemu-iotests/207
index c617ee7453..dfd3c51bd1 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/207
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/207
@@ -27,12 +27,16 @@ import re
 iotests.verify_image_format(supported_fmts=['raw'])
 iotests.verify_protocol(supported=['ssh'])
 
-def filter_hash(msg):
-    return re.sub('"hash": "[0-9a-f]+"', '"hash": HASH', msg)
+def filter_hash(qmsg):
+    def _filter(key, value):
+        if key == 'hash' and re.match('[0-9a-f]+', value):
+            return 'HASH'
+        return value
+    return iotests.filter_qmp(qmsg, _filter)
 
 def blockdev_create(vm, options):
     result = vm.qmp_log('blockdev-create', job_id='job0', options=options,
-                        filters=[iotests.filter_testfiles, filter_hash])
+                        filters=[iotests.filter_qmp_testfiles, filter_hash])
 
     if 'return' in result:
         assert result['return'] == {}
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/207.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/207.out
index 45ac7c2a8f..568e8619d0 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/207.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/207.out
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 === Successful image creation (defaults) ===
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "ssh", "location": {"path": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.img", "server": {"host": "127.0.0.1", "port": "22"}}, "size": 4194304}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "ssh", "location": {"path": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.img", "server": {"host": "127.0.0.1", "port": "22"}}, "size": 4194304}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ virtual size: 4.0M (4194304 bytes)
 
 === Test host-key-check options ===
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "ssh", "location": {"host-key-check": {"mode": "none"}, "path": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.img", "server": {"host": "127.0.0.1", "port": "22"}}, "size": 8388608}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "ssh", "location": {"host-key-check": {"mode": "none"}, "path": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.img", "server": {"host": "127.0.0.1", "port": "22"}}, "size": 8388608}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ image: json:{"driver": "IMGFMT", "file": {"server.host": "127.0.0.1", "server.po
 file format: IMGFMT
 virtual size: 8.0M (8388608 bytes)
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "ssh", "location": {"host-key-check": {"mode": "known_hosts"}, "path": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.img", "server": {"host": "127.0.0.1", "port": "22"}}, "size": 4194304}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "ssh", "location": {"host-key-check": {"mode": "known_hosts"}, "path": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.img", "server": {"host": "127.0.0.1", "port": "22"}}, "size": 4194304}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
@@ -34,13 +34,13 @@ image: json:{"driver": "IMGFMT", "file": {"server.host": "127.0.0.1", "server.po
 file format: IMGFMT
 virtual size: 4.0M (4194304 bytes)
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "ssh", "location": {"host-key-check": {"hash": "wrong", "mode": "hash", "type": "md5"}, "path": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.img", "server": {"host": "127.0.0.1", "port": "22"}}, "size": 2097152}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "ssh", "location": {"host-key-check": {"hash": "wrong", "mode": "hash", "type": "md5"}, "path": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.img", "server": {"host": "127.0.0.1", "port": "22"}}, "size": 2097152}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: remote host key does not match host_key_check 'wrong'
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "ssh", "location": {"host-key-check": {"hash": HASH, "mode": "hash", "type": "md5"}, "path": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.img", "server": {"host": "127.0.0.1", "port": "22"}}, "size": 8388608}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "ssh", "location": {"host-key-check": {"hash": "HASH", "mode": "hash", "type": "md5"}, "path": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.img", "server": {"host": "127.0.0.1", "port": "22"}}, "size": 8388608}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
@@ -49,13 +49,13 @@ image: json:{"driver": "IMGFMT", "file": {"server.host": "127.0.0.1", "server.po
 file format: IMGFMT
 virtual size: 8.0M (8388608 bytes)
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "ssh", "location": {"host-key-check": {"hash": "wrong", "mode": "hash", "type": "sha1"}, "path": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.img", "server": {"host": "127.0.0.1", "port": "22"}}, "size": 2097152}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "ssh", "location": {"host-key-check": {"hash": "wrong", "mode": "hash", "type": "sha1"}, "path": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.img", "server": {"host": "127.0.0.1", "port": "22"}}, "size": 2097152}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: remote host key does not match host_key_check 'wrong'
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "ssh", "location": {"host-key-check": {"hash": HASH, "mode": "hash", "type": "sha1"}, "path": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.img", "server": {"host": "127.0.0.1", "port": "22"}}, "size": 4194304}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "ssh", "location": {"host-key-check": {"hash": "HASH", "mode": "hash", "type": "sha1"}, "path": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.img", "server": {"host": "127.0.0.1", "port": "22"}}, "size": 4194304}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
@@ -66,13 +66,13 @@ virtual size: 4.0M (4194304 bytes)
 
 === Invalid path and user ===
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "ssh", "location": {"host-key-check": {"mode": "none"}, "path": "/this/is/not/an/existing/path", "server": {"host": "127.0.0.1", "port": "22"}}, "size": 4194304}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "ssh", "location": {"host-key-check": {"mode": "none"}, "path": "/this/is/not/an/existing/path", "server": {"host": "127.0.0.1", "port": "22"}}, "size": 4194304}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: failed to open remote file '/this/is/not/an/existing/path': Failed opening remote file (libssh2 error code: -31)
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "ssh", "location": {"host-key-check": {"mode": "none"}, "path": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.img", "server": {"host": "127.0.0.1", "port": "22"}, "user": "invalid user"}, "size": 4194304}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "ssh", "location": {"host-key-check": {"mode": "none"}, "path": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.img", "server": {"host": "127.0.0.1", "port": "22"}, "user": "invalid user"}, "size": 4194304}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: failed to authenticate using publickey authentication and the identities held by your ssh-agent
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/210 b/tests/qemu-iotests/210
index d142841e2b..565e3b7b9b 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/210
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/210
@@ -27,7 +27,8 @@ iotests.verify_image_format(supported_fmts=['luks'])
 iotests.verify_protocol(supported=['file'])
 
 def blockdev_create(vm, options):
-    result = vm.qmp_log('blockdev-create', job_id='job0', options=options)
+    result = vm.qmp_log('blockdev-create', job_id='job0', options=options,
+                        filters=[iotests.filter_qmp_testfiles])
 
     if 'return' in result:
         assert result['return'] == {}
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ with iotests.FilePath('t.luks') as disk_path, \
                           'size': 0 })
 
     vm.qmp_log('blockdev-add', driver='file', filename=disk_path,
-               node_name='imgfile')
+               node_name='imgfile', filters=[iotests.filter_qmp_testfiles])
 
     blockdev_create(vm, { 'driver': imgfmt,
                           'file': 'imgfile',
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/210.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/210.out
index 923cb05117..a3692ce00d 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/210.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/210.out
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 === Successful image creation (defaults) ===
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.luks", "size": 0}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.luks", "size": 0}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-add", "arguments": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.luks", "node_name": "imgfile"}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-add", "arguments": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.luks", "node-name": "imgfile"}}
 {"return": {}}
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "luks", "file": "imgfile", "iter-time": 10, "key-secret": "keysec0", "size": 134217728}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "luks", "file": "imgfile", "iter-time": 10, "key-secret": "keysec0", "size": 134217728}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
@@ -54,12 +54,12 @@ Format specific information:
 
 === Successful image creation (with non-default options) ===
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.luks", "size": 0}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.luks", "size": 0}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"cipher-alg": "twofish-128", "cipher-mode": "ctr", "driver": "luks", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.luks"}, "hash-alg": "sha1", "iter-time": 10, "ivgen-alg": "plain64", "ivgen-hash-alg": "md5", "key-secret": "keysec0", "size": 67108864}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"cipher-alg": "twofish-128", "cipher-mode": "ctr", "driver": "luks", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.luks"}, "hash-alg": "sha1", "iter-time": 10, "ivgen-alg": "plain64", "ivgen-hash-alg": "md5", "key-secret": "keysec0", "size": 67108864}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ Format specific information:
 
 === Invalid BlockdevRef ===
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "luks", "file": "this doesn't exist", "size": 67108864}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "luks", "file": "this doesn't exist", "size": 67108864}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Cannot find device=this doesn't exist nor node_name=this doesn't exist
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ Job failed: Cannot find device=this doesn't exist nor node_name=this doesn't exi
 
 === Zero size ===
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "luks", "file": "node0", "iter-time": 10, "key-secret": "keysec0", "size": 0}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "luks", "file": "node0", "iter-time": 10, "key-secret": "keysec0", "size": 0}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
@@ -161,19 +161,19 @@ Format specific information:
 
 === Invalid sizes ===
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "luks", "file": "node0", "key-secret": "keysec0", "size": 18446744073709551104}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "luks", "file": "node0", "key-secret": "keysec0", "size": 18446744073709551104}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: The requested file size is too large
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "luks", "file": "node0", "key-secret": "keysec0", "size": 9223372036854775808}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "luks", "file": "node0", "key-secret": "keysec0", "size": 9223372036854775808}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: The requested file size is too large
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "luks", "file": "node0", "key-secret": "keysec0", "size": 9223372036854775296}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "luks", "file": "node0", "key-secret": "keysec0", "size": 9223372036854775296}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: The requested file size is too large
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
@@ -181,13 +181,13 @@ Job failed: The requested file size is too large
 
 === Resize image with invalid sizes ===
 
-{"execute": "block_resize", "arguments": {"node_name": "node1", "size": 9223372036854775296}}
+{"execute": "block_resize", "arguments": {"node-name": "node1", "size": 9223372036854775296}}
 {"error": {"class": "GenericError", "desc": "The requested file size is too large"}}
-{"execute": "block_resize", "arguments": {"node_name": "node1", "size": 9223372036854775808}}
+{"execute": "block_resize", "arguments": {"node-name": "node1", "size": 9223372036854775808}}
 {"error": {"class": "GenericError", "desc": "Invalid parameter type for 'size', expected: integer"}}
-{"execute": "block_resize", "arguments": {"node_name": "node1", "size": 18446744073709551104}}
+{"execute": "block_resize", "arguments": {"node-name": "node1", "size": 18446744073709551104}}
 {"error": {"class": "GenericError", "desc": "Invalid parameter type for 'size', expected: integer"}}
-{"execute": "block_resize", "arguments": {"node_name": "node1", "size": -9223372036854775808}}
+{"execute": "block_resize", "arguments": {"node-name": "node1", "size": -9223372036854775808}}
 {"error": {"class": "GenericError", "desc": "Parameter 'size' expects a >0 size"}}
 image: json:{"driver": "IMGFMT", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_IMG"}, "key-secret": "keysec0"}
 file format: IMGFMT
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/211 b/tests/qemu-iotests/211
index 7b7985db6c..6afc894f76 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/211
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/211
@@ -27,11 +27,14 @@ iotests.verify_image_format(supported_fmts=['vdi'])
 iotests.verify_protocol(supported=['file'])
 
 def blockdev_create(vm, options):
-    result = vm.qmp_log('blockdev-create', job_id='job0', options=options)
+    result = vm.qmp_log('blockdev-create', job_id='job0', options=options,
+                        filters=[iotests.filter_qmp_testfiles])
 
     if 'return' in result:
         assert result['return'] == {}
-        vm.run_job('job0')
+        error = vm.run_job('job0')
+        if error and 'Could not allocate bmap' in error:
+            iotests.notrun('Insufficient memory')
     iotests.log("")
 
 with iotests.FilePath('t.vdi') as disk_path, \
@@ -51,7 +54,7 @@ with iotests.FilePath('t.vdi') as disk_path, \
                           'size': 0 })
 
     vm.qmp_log('blockdev-add', driver='file', filename=disk_path,
-               node_name='imgfile')
+               node_name='imgfile', filters=[iotests.filter_qmp_testfiles])
 
     blockdev_create(vm, { 'driver': imgfmt,
                           'file': 'imgfile',
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/211.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/211.out
index eebb0ea086..682adc2a10 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/211.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/211.out
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 === Successful image creation (defaults) ===
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.vdi", "size": 0}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.vdi", "size": 0}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-add", "arguments": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.vdi", "node_name": "imgfile"}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-add", "arguments": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.vdi", "node-name": "imgfile"}}
 {"return": {}}
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vdi", "file": "imgfile", "size": 134217728}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vdi", "file": "imgfile", "size": 134217728}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
@@ -21,12 +21,12 @@ cluster_size: 1048576
 
 === Successful image creation (explicit defaults) ===
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.vdi", "size": 0}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.vdi", "size": 0}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vdi", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.vdi"}, "preallocation": "off", "size": 67108864}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vdi", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.vdi"}, "preallocation": "off", "size": 67108864}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
@@ -40,12 +40,12 @@ cluster_size: 1048576
 
 === Successful image creation (with non-default options) ===
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.vdi", "size": 0}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.vdi", "size": 0}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vdi", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.vdi"}, "preallocation": "metadata", "size": 33554432}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vdi", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.vdi"}, "preallocation": "metadata", "size": 33554432}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ cluster_size: 1048576
 
 === Invalid BlockdevRef ===
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vdi", "file": "this doesn't exist", "size": 33554432}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vdi", "file": "this doesn't exist", "size": 33554432}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Cannot find device=this doesn't exist nor node_name=this doesn't exist
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ Job failed: Cannot find device=this doesn't exist nor node_name=this doesn't exi
 
 === Zero size ===
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vdi", "file": "node0", "size": 0}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vdi", "file": "node0", "size": 0}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ cluster_size: 1048576
 
 === Maximum size ===
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vdi", "file": "node0", "size": 562949819203584}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vdi", "file": "node0", "size": 562949819203584}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
@@ -92,19 +92,19 @@ cluster_size: 1048576
 
 === Invalid sizes ===
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vdi", "file": "node0", "size": 18446744073709551104}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vdi", "file": "node0", "size": 18446744073709551104}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Unsupported VDI image size (size is 0xfffffffffffffe00, max supported is 0x1fffff8000000)
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vdi", "file": "node0", "size": 9223372036854775808}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vdi", "file": "node0", "size": 9223372036854775808}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Unsupported VDI image size (size is 0x8000000000000000, max supported is 0x1fffff8000000)
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vdi", "file": "node0", "size": 562949819203585}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vdi", "file": "node0", "size": 562949819203585}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Unsupported VDI image size (size is 0x1fffff8000001, max supported is 0x1fffff8000000)
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/212 b/tests/qemu-iotests/212
index 95c8810d83..42b74f208b 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/212
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/212
@@ -27,7 +27,8 @@ iotests.verify_image_format(supported_fmts=['parallels'])
 iotests.verify_protocol(supported=['file'])
 
 def blockdev_create(vm, options):
-    result = vm.qmp_log('blockdev-create', job_id='job0', options=options)
+    result = vm.qmp_log('blockdev-create', job_id='job0', options=options,
+                        filters=[iotests.filter_qmp_testfiles])
 
     if 'return' in result:
         assert result['return'] == {}
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ with iotests.FilePath('t.parallels') as disk_path, \
                           'size': 0 })
 
     vm.qmp_log('blockdev-add', driver='file', filename=disk_path,
-               node_name='imgfile')
+               node_name='imgfile', filters=[iotests.filter_qmp_testfiles])
 
     blockdev_create(vm, { 'driver': imgfmt,
                           'file': 'imgfile',
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/212.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/212.out
index 01da467282..22810720cf 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/212.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/212.out
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 === Successful image creation (defaults) ===
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.parallels", "size": 0}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.parallels", "size": 0}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-add", "arguments": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.parallels", "node_name": "imgfile"}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-add", "arguments": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.parallels", "node-name": "imgfile"}}
 {"return": {}}
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "parallels", "file": "imgfile", "size": 134217728}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "parallels", "file": "imgfile", "size": 134217728}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
@@ -18,12 +18,12 @@ virtual size: 128M (134217728 bytes)
 
 === Successful image creation (explicit defaults) ===
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.parallels", "size": 0}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.parallels", "size": 0}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"cluster-size": 1048576, "driver": "parallels", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.parallels"}, "size": 67108864}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"cluster-size": 1048576, "driver": "parallels", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.parallels"}, "size": 67108864}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
@@ -34,12 +34,12 @@ virtual size: 64M (67108864 bytes)
 
 === Successful image creation (with non-default options) ===
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.parallels", "size": 0}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.parallels", "size": 0}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"cluster-size": 65536, "driver": "parallels", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.parallels"}, "size": 33554432}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"cluster-size": 65536, "driver": "parallels", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.parallels"}, "size": 33554432}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ virtual size: 32M (33554432 bytes)
 
 === Invalid BlockdevRef ===
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "parallels", "file": "this doesn't exist", "size": 33554432}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "parallels", "file": "this doesn't exist", "size": 33554432}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Cannot find device=this doesn't exist nor node_name=this doesn't exist
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ Job failed: Cannot find device=this doesn't exist nor node_name=this doesn't exi
 
 === Zero size ===
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "parallels", "file": "node0", "size": 0}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "parallels", "file": "node0", "size": 0}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ virtual size: 0 (0 bytes)
 
 === Maximum size ===
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "parallels", "file": "node0", "size": 4503599627369984}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "parallels", "file": "node0", "size": 4503599627369984}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
@@ -80,31 +80,31 @@ virtual size: 4096T (4503599627369984 bytes)
 
 === Invalid sizes ===
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "parallels", "file": "node0", "size": 1234}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "parallels", "file": "node0", "size": 1234}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Image size must be a multiple of 512 bytes
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "parallels", "file": "node0", "size": 18446744073709551104}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "parallels", "file": "node0", "size": 18446744073709551104}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Image size is too large for this cluster size
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "parallels", "file": "node0", "size": 9223372036854775808}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "parallels", "file": "node0", "size": 9223372036854775808}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Image size is too large for this cluster size
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "parallels", "file": "node0", "size": 9223372036854775296}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "parallels", "file": "node0", "size": 9223372036854775296}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Image size is too large for this cluster size
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "parallels", "file": "node0", "size": 4503599627370497}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "parallels", "file": "node0", "size": 4503599627370497}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Image size is too large for this cluster size
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
@@ -112,43 +112,43 @@ Job failed: Image size is too large for this cluster size
 
 === Invalid cluster size ===
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"cluster-size": 1234, "driver": "parallels", "file": "node0", "size": 67108864}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"cluster-size": 1234, "driver": "parallels", "file": "node0", "size": 67108864}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Cluster size must be a multiple of 512 bytes
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"cluster-size": 128, "driver": "parallels", "file": "node0", "size": 67108864}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"cluster-size": 128, "driver": "parallels", "file": "node0", "size": 67108864}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Cluster size must be a multiple of 512 bytes
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"cluster-size": 4294967296, "driver": "parallels", "file": "node0", "size": 67108864}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"cluster-size": 4294967296, "driver": "parallels", "file": "node0", "size": 67108864}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Cluster size is too large
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"cluster-size": 9223372036854775808, "driver": "parallels", "file": "node0", "size": 67108864}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"cluster-size": 9223372036854775808, "driver": "parallels", "file": "node0", "size": 67108864}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Cluster size is too large
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"cluster-size": 18446744073709551104, "driver": "parallels", "file": "node0", "size": 67108864}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"cluster-size": 18446744073709551104, "driver": "parallels", "file": "node0", "size": 67108864}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Cluster size is too large
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"cluster-size": 0, "driver": "parallels", "file": "node0", "size": 67108864}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"cluster-size": 0, "driver": "parallels", "file": "node0", "size": 67108864}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Image size is too large for this cluster size
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"cluster-size": 512, "driver": "parallels", "file": "node0", "size": 281474976710656}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"cluster-size": 512, "driver": "parallels", "file": "node0", "size": 281474976710656}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Image size is too large for this cluster size
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/213 b/tests/qemu-iotests/213
index 4054439e3c..5604f3cebb 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/213
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/213
@@ -27,7 +27,8 @@ iotests.verify_image_format(supported_fmts=['vhdx'])
 iotests.verify_protocol(supported=['file'])
 
 def blockdev_create(vm, options):
-    result = vm.qmp_log('blockdev-create', job_id='job0', options=options)
+    result = vm.qmp_log('blockdev-create', job_id='job0', options=options,
+                        filters=[iotests.filter_qmp_testfiles])
 
     if 'return' in result:
         assert result['return'] == {}
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ with iotests.FilePath('t.vhdx') as disk_path, \
                           'size': 0 })
 
     vm.qmp_log('blockdev-add', driver='file', filename=disk_path,
-               node_name='imgfile')
+               node_name='imgfile', filters=[iotests.filter_qmp_testfiles])
 
     blockdev_create(vm, { 'driver': imgfmt,
                           'file': 'imgfile',
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/213.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/213.out
index 0c9d65b2fe..169083e08e 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/213.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/213.out
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 === Successful image creation (defaults) ===
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.vhdx", "size": 0}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.vhdx", "size": 0}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-add", "arguments": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.vhdx", "node_name": "imgfile"}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-add", "arguments": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.vhdx", "node-name": "imgfile"}}
 {"return": {}}
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vhdx", "file": "imgfile", "size": 134217728}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vhdx", "file": "imgfile", "size": 134217728}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
@@ -19,12 +19,12 @@ cluster_size: 8388608
 
 === Successful image creation (explicit defaults) ===
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.vhdx", "size": 0}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.vhdx", "size": 0}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"block-size": 8388608, "block-state-zero": true, "driver": "vhdx", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.vhdx"}, "log-size": 1048576, "size": 67108864, "subformat": "dynamic"}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"block-size": 8388608, "block-state-zero": true, "driver": "vhdx", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.vhdx"}, "log-size": 1048576, "size": 67108864, "subformat": "dynamic"}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
@@ -36,12 +36,12 @@ cluster_size: 8388608
 
 === Successful image creation (with non-default options) ===
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.vhdx", "size": 0}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.vhdx", "size": 0}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"block-size": 268435456, "block-state-zero": false, "driver": "vhdx", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.vhdx"}, "log-size": 8388608, "size": 33554432, "subformat": "fixed"}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"block-size": 268435456, "block-state-zero": false, "driver": "vhdx", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.vhdx"}, "log-size": 8388608, "size": 33554432, "subformat": "fixed"}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ cluster_size: 268435456
 
 === Invalid BlockdevRef ===
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vhdx", "file": "this doesn't exist", "size": 33554432}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vhdx", "file": "this doesn't exist", "size": 33554432}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Cannot find device=this doesn't exist nor node_name=this doesn't exist
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ Job failed: Cannot find device=this doesn't exist nor node_name=this doesn't exi
 
 === Zero size ===
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vhdx", "file": "node0", "size": 0}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vhdx", "file": "node0", "size": 0}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ cluster_size: 8388608
 
 === Maximum size ===
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vhdx", "file": "node0", "size": 70368744177664}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vhdx", "file": "node0", "size": 70368744177664}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
@@ -85,25 +85,25 @@ cluster_size: 67108864
 
 === Invalid sizes ===
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vhdx", "file": "node0", "size": 18446744073709551104}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vhdx", "file": "node0", "size": 18446744073709551104}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Image size too large; max of 64TB
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vhdx", "file": "node0", "size": 9223372036854775808}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vhdx", "file": "node0", "size": 9223372036854775808}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Image size too large; max of 64TB
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vhdx", "file": "node0", "size": 9223372036854775296}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vhdx", "file": "node0", "size": 9223372036854775296}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Image size too large; max of 64TB
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vhdx", "file": "node0", "size": 70368744177665}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vhdx", "file": "node0", "size": 70368744177665}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Image size too large; max of 64TB
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
@@ -111,31 +111,31 @@ Job failed: Image size too large; max of 64TB
 
 === Invalid block size ===
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"block-size": 1234567, "driver": "vhdx", "file": "node0", "size": 67108864}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"block-size": 1234567, "driver": "vhdx", "file": "node0", "size": 67108864}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Block size must be a multiple of 1 MB
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"block-size": 128, "driver": "vhdx", "file": "node0", "size": 67108864}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"block-size": 128, "driver": "vhdx", "file": "node0", "size": 67108864}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Block size must be a multiple of 1 MB
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"block-size": 3145728, "driver": "vhdx", "file": "node0", "size": 67108864}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"block-size": 3145728, "driver": "vhdx", "file": "node0", "size": 67108864}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Block size must be a power of two
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"block-size": 536870912, "driver": "vhdx", "file": "node0", "size": 67108864}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"block-size": 536870912, "driver": "vhdx", "file": "node0", "size": 67108864}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Block size must not exceed 268435456
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"block-size": 0, "driver": "vhdx", "file": "node0", "size": 67108864}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"block-size": 0, "driver": "vhdx", "file": "node0", "size": 67108864}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Block size must be a multiple of 1 MB
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
@@ -143,25 +143,25 @@ Job failed: Block size must be a multiple of 1 MB
 
 === Invalid log size ===
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vhdx", "file": "node0", "log-size": 1234567, "size": 67108864}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vhdx", "file": "node0", "log-size": 1234567, "size": 67108864}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Log size must be a multiple of 1 MB
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vhdx", "file": "node0", "log-size": 128, "size": 67108864}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vhdx", "file": "node0", "log-size": 128, "size": 67108864}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Log size must be a multiple of 1 MB
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vhdx", "file": "node0", "log-size": 4294967296, "size": 67108864}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vhdx", "file": "node0", "log-size": 4294967296, "size": 67108864}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Log size must be smaller than 4 GB
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vhdx", "file": "node0", "log-size": 0, "size": 67108864}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vhdx", "file": "node0", "log-size": 0, "size": 67108864}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Log size must be a multiple of 1 MB
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/224 b/tests/qemu-iotests/224
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..b4dfaa639f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/224
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+#
+# Test json:{} filenames with qemu-internal BDSs
+# (the one of commit, to be precise)
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2018 Red Hat, Inc.
+#
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+#
+# Creator/Owner: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
+
+import iotests
+from iotests import log, qemu_img, qemu_io_silent, filter_qmp_testfiles, \
+                    filter_qmp_imgfmt
+import json
+
+# Need backing file support (for arbitrary backing formats)
+iotests.verify_image_format(supported_fmts=['qcow2', 'qcow', 'qed'])
+iotests.verify_platform(['linux'])
+
+
+# There are two variations of this test:
+# (1) We do not set filter_node_name.  In that case, the commit_top
+#     driver should not appear anywhere.
+# (2) We do set filter_node_name.  In that case, it should appear.
+#
+# This for loop executes both.
+for filter_node_name in False, True:
+    log('')
+    log('--- filter_node_name: %s ---' % filter_node_name)
+    log('')
+
+    with iotests.FilePath('base.img') as base_img_path, \
+         iotests.FilePath('mid.img') as mid_img_path, \
+         iotests.FilePath('top.img') as top_img_path, \
+         iotests.VM() as vm:
+
+        assert qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt,
+                        base_img_path, '64M') == 0
+        assert qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-b', base_img_path,
+                        mid_img_path) == 0
+        assert qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-b', mid_img_path,
+                        top_img_path) == 0
+
+        # Something to commit
+        assert qemu_io_silent(mid_img_path, '-c', 'write -P 1 0 1M') == 0
+
+        vm.launch()
+
+        # Change the bottom-most image's backing file (to null-co://)
+        # to enforce json:{} filenames
+        vm.qmp_log('blockdev-add',
+                    node_name='top',
+                    driver=iotests.imgfmt,
+                    file={
+                        'driver': 'file',
+                        'filename': top_img_path
+                    },
+                    backing={
+                        'node-name': 'mid',
+                        'driver': iotests.imgfmt,
+                        'file': {
+                            'driver': 'file',
+                            'filename': mid_img_path
+                        },
+                        'backing': {
+                            'node-name': 'base',
+                            'driver': iotests.imgfmt,
+                            'file': {
+                                'driver': 'file',
+                                'filename': base_img_path
+                            },
+                            'backing': {
+                                'driver': 'null-co'
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    filters=[filter_qmp_testfiles, filter_qmp_imgfmt])
+
+        # As long as block-commit does not accept node names, we have to
+        # get our mid/base filenames here
+        mid_name = vm.node_info('mid')['image']['filename']
+        base_name = vm.node_info('base')['image']['filename']
+
+        assert mid_name[:5] == 'json:'
+        assert base_name[:5] == 'json:'
+
+        # Start the block job
+        if filter_node_name:
+            vm.qmp_log('block-commit',
+                        job_id='commit',
+                        device='top',
+                        filter_node_name='filter_node',
+                        top=mid_name,
+                        base=base_name,
+                        speed=1,
+                        filters=[filter_qmp_testfiles, filter_qmp_imgfmt])
+        else:
+            vm.qmp_log('block-commit',
+                        job_id='commit',
+                        device='top',
+                        top=mid_name,
+                        base=base_name,
+                        speed=1,
+                        filters=[filter_qmp_testfiles, filter_qmp_imgfmt])
+
+        vm.qmp_log('job-pause', id='commit')
+
+        # Get and parse top's json:{} filename
+        top_name = vm.node_info('top')['image']['filename']
+
+        vm.shutdown()
+
+        assert top_name[:5] == 'json:'
+        top_options = json.loads(top_name[5:])
+
+        if filter_node_name:
+            # This should be present and set
+            assert top_options['backing']['driver'] == 'commit_top'
+            # And the mid image is commit_top's backing image
+            mid_options = top_options['backing']['backing']
+        else:
+            # The mid image should appear as the immediate backing BDS
+            # of top
+            mid_options = top_options['backing']
+
+        assert mid_options['driver'] == iotests.imgfmt
+        assert mid_options['file']['filename'] == mid_img_path
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/224.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/224.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..23374a1d29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/224.out
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+
+--- filter_node_name: False ---
+
+{"execute": "blockdev-add", "arguments": {"backing": {"backing": {"backing": {"driver": "null-co"}, "driver": "IMGFMT", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-base.img"}, "node-name": "base"}, "driver": "IMGFMT", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-mid.img"}, "node-name": "mid"}, "driver": "IMGFMT", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-top.img"}, "node-name": "top"}}
+{"return": {}}
+{"execute": "block-commit", "arguments": {"base": "json:{\"backing\": {\"driver\": \"null-co\"}, \"driver\": \"IMGFMT\", \"file\": {\"driver\": \"file\", \"filename\": \"TEST_DIR/PID-base.img\"}}", "device": "top", "job-id": "commit", "speed": 1, "top": "json:{\"backing\": {\"backing\": {\"driver\": \"null-co\"}, \"driver\": \"IMGFMT\", \"file\": {\"driver\": \"file\", \"filename\": \"TEST_DIR/PID-base.img\"}}, \"driver\": \"IMGFMT\", \"file\": {\"driver\": \"file\", \"filename\": \"TEST_DIR/PID-mid.img\"}}"}}
+{"return": {}}
+{"execute": "job-pause", "arguments": {"id": "commit"}}
+{"return": {}}
+
+--- filter_node_name: True ---
+
+{"execute": "blockdev-add", "arguments": {"backing": {"backing": {"backing": {"driver": "null-co"}, "driver": "IMGFMT", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-base.img"}, "node-name": "base"}, "driver": "IMGFMT", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-mid.img"}, "node-name": "mid"}, "driver": "IMGFMT", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-top.img"}, "node-name": "top"}}
+{"return": {}}
+{"execute": "block-commit", "arguments": {"base": "json:{\"backing\": {\"driver\": \"null-co\"}, \"driver\": \"IMGFMT\", \"file\": {\"driver\": \"file\", \"filename\": \"TEST_DIR/PID-base.img\"}}", "device": "top", "filter-node-name": "filter_node", "job-id": "commit", "speed": 1, "top": "json:{\"backing\": {\"backing\": {\"driver\": \"null-co\"}, \"driver\": \"IMGFMT\", \"file\": {\"driver\": \"file\", \"filename\": \"TEST_DIR/PID-base.img\"}}, \"driver\": \"IMGFMT\", \"file\": {\"driver\": \"file\", \"filename\": \"TEST_DIR/PID-mid.img\"}}"}}
+{"return": {}}
+{"execute": "job-pause", "arguments": {"id": "commit"}}
+{"return": {}}
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/228 b/tests/qemu-iotests/228
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..9a50afd205
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/228
@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+#
+# Test for when a backing file is considered overridden (thus, a
+# json:{} filename is generated for the overlay) and when it is not
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2018 Red Hat, Inc.
+#
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+#
+# Creator/Owner: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
+
+import iotests
+from iotests import log, qemu_img, filter_testfiles, filter_imgfmt, \
+        filter_qmp_testfiles, filter_qmp_imgfmt
+
+# Need backing file and change-backing-file support
+iotests.verify_image_format(supported_fmts=['qcow2', 'qed'])
+iotests.verify_platform(['linux'])
+
+
+def log_node_info(node):
+    log('')
+
+    log('bs->filename: ' + node['image']['filename'],
+        filters=[filter_testfiles, filter_imgfmt])
+    log('bs->backing_file: ' + node['backing_file'],
+        filters=[filter_testfiles, filter_imgfmt])
+
+    if 'backing-image' in node['image']:
+        log('bs->backing->bs->filename: ' +
+            node['image']['backing-image']['filename'],
+            filters=[filter_testfiles, filter_imgfmt])
+    else:
+        log('bs->backing: (none)')
+
+    log('')
+
+
+with iotests.FilePath('base.img') as base_img_path, \
+     iotests.FilePath('top.img') as top_img_path, \
+     iotests.VM() as vm:
+
+    assert qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, base_img_path, '64M') == 0
+    # Choose a funny way to describe the backing filename
+    assert qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-b',
+                    'file:' + base_img_path, top_img_path) == 0
+
+    vm.launch()
+
+    log('--- Implicit backing file ---')
+    log('')
+
+    vm.qmp_log('blockdev-add',
+                node_name='node0',
+                driver=iotests.imgfmt,
+                file={
+                    'driver': 'file',
+                    'filename': top_img_path
+                },
+                filters=[filter_qmp_testfiles, filter_qmp_imgfmt])
+
+    # Filename should be plain, and the backing filename should not
+    # contain the "file:" prefix
+    log_node_info(vm.node_info('node0'))
+
+    vm.qmp_log('blockdev-del', node_name='node0')
+
+    log('')
+    log('--- change-backing-file ---')
+    log('')
+
+    vm.qmp_log('blockdev-add',
+               node_name='node0',
+               driver=iotests.imgfmt,
+               file={
+                   'driver': 'file',
+                   'filename': top_img_path
+               },
+               filters=[filter_qmp_testfiles, filter_qmp_imgfmt])
+
+    # Changing the backing file to a qemu-reported filename should
+    # result in qemu accepting the corresponding BDS as the implicit
+    # backing BDS (and thus not generate a json:{} filename).
+    # So, first, query the backing filename.
+
+    backing_filename = \
+        vm.node_info('node0')['image']['backing-image']['filename']
+
+    # Next, change the backing file to something different
+
+    vm.qmp_log('change-backing-file',
+               image_node_name='node0',
+               device='node0',
+               backing_file='null-co://',
+               filters=[filter_qmp_testfiles])
+
+    # Now, verify that we get a json:{} filename
+    # (Image header says "null-co://", actual backing file still is
+    # base_img_path)
+
+    log_node_info(vm.node_info('node0'))
+
+    # Change it back
+    # (To get header and backing file in sync)
+
+    vm.qmp_log('change-backing-file',
+               image_node_name='node0',
+               device='node0',
+               backing_file=backing_filename,
+               filters=[filter_qmp_testfiles])
+
+    # And verify that we get our original results
+
+    log_node_info(vm.node_info('node0'))
+
+    # Finally, try a "file:" prefix.  While this is actually what we
+    # originally had in the image header, qemu will not reopen the
+    # backing file here, so it cannot verify that this filename
+    # "resolves" to the actual backing BDS's filename and will thus
+    # consider both to be different.
+    # (This may be fixed in the future.)
+
+    vm.qmp_log('change-backing-file',
+               image_node_name='node0',
+               device='node0',
+               backing_file=('file:' + backing_filename),
+               filters=[filter_qmp_testfiles])
+
+    # So now we should get a json:{} filename
+
+    log_node_info(vm.node_info('node0'))
+
+    # Remove and re-attach so we can see that (as in our first try),
+    # opening the image anew helps qemu resolve the header backing
+    # filename.
+
+    vm.qmp_log('blockdev-del', node_name='node0')
+
+    vm.qmp_log('blockdev-add',
+               node_name='node0',
+               driver=iotests.imgfmt,
+               file={
+                   'driver': 'file',
+                   'filename': top_img_path
+               },
+               filters=[filter_qmp_testfiles, filter_qmp_imgfmt])
+
+    log_node_info(vm.node_info('node0'))
+
+    vm.qmp_log('blockdev-del', node_name='node0')
+
+    log('')
+    log('--- Override backing file ---')
+    log('')
+
+    # For this test, we need the plain filename in the image header
+    # (because qemu cannot "canonicalize"/"resolve" the backing
+    # filename unless the backing file is opened implicitly with the
+    # overlay)
+    assert qemu_img('create', '-f', iotests.imgfmt, '-b', base_img_path,
+                    top_img_path) == 0
+
+    # You can only reliably override backing options by using a node
+    # reference (or by specifying file.filename, but, well...)
+    vm.qmp_log('blockdev-add', node_name='null', driver='null-co')
+
+    vm.qmp_log('blockdev-add',
+               node_name='node0',
+               driver=iotests.imgfmt,
+               file={
+                   'driver': 'file',
+                   'filename': top_img_path
+               },
+               backing='null',
+               filters=[filter_qmp_testfiles, filter_qmp_imgfmt])
+
+    # Should get a json:{} filename (and bs->backing_file is
+    # null-co://, because that field actually has not much to do
+    # with the header backing filename (except that it is changed by
+    # change-backing-file))
+
+    log_node_info(vm.node_info('node0'))
+
+    # Detach the backing file by reopening the whole thing
+
+    vm.qmp_log('blockdev-del', node_name='node0')
+    vm.qmp_log('blockdev-del', node_name='null')
+
+    vm.qmp_log('blockdev-add',
+               node_name='node0',
+               driver=iotests.imgfmt,
+               file={
+                   'driver': 'file',
+                   'filename': top_img_path
+               },
+               backing=None,
+               filters=[filter_qmp_testfiles, filter_qmp_imgfmt])
+
+    # Should get a json:{} filename (because we overrode the backing
+    # file to not be there)
+
+    log_node_info(vm.node_info('node0'))
+
+    # Open the original backing file
+
+    vm.qmp_log('blockdev-add',
+               node_name='original-backing',
+               driver=iotests.imgfmt,
+               file={
+                   'driver': 'file',
+                   'filename': base_img_path
+               },
+               filters=[filter_qmp_testfiles, filter_qmp_imgfmt])
+
+    # Attach the original backing file to its overlay
+
+    vm.qmp_log('blockdev-snapshot',
+               node='original-backing',
+               overlay='node0')
+
+    # This should give us the original plain result
+
+    log_node_info(vm.node_info('node0'))
+
+    vm.qmp_log('blockdev-del', node_name='node0')
+    vm.qmp_log('blockdev-del', node_name='original-backing')
+
+    vm.shutdown()
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/228.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/228.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4217df24fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/228.out
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+--- Implicit backing file ---
+
+{"execute": "blockdev-add", "arguments": {"driver": "IMGFMT", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-top.img"}, "node-name": "node0"}}
+{"return": {}}
+
+bs->filename: TEST_DIR/PID-top.img
+bs->backing_file: TEST_DIR/PID-base.img
+bs->backing->bs->filename: TEST_DIR/PID-base.img
+
+{"execute": "blockdev-del", "arguments": {"node-name": "node0"}}
+{"return": {}}
+
+--- change-backing-file ---
+
+{"execute": "blockdev-add", "arguments": {"driver": "IMGFMT", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-top.img"}, "node-name": "node0"}}
+{"return": {}}
+{"execute": "change-backing-file", "arguments": {"backing-file": "null-co://", "device": "node0", "image-node-name": "node0"}}
+{"return": {}}
+
+bs->filename: json:{"backing": {"driver": "IMGFMT", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-base.img"}}, "driver": "IMGFMT", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-top.img"}}
+bs->backing_file: null-co://
+bs->backing->bs->filename: TEST_DIR/PID-base.img
+
+{"execute": "change-backing-file", "arguments": {"backing-file": "TEST_DIR/PID-base.img", "device": "node0", "image-node-name": "node0"}}
+{"return": {}}
+
+bs->filename: TEST_DIR/PID-top.img
+bs->backing_file: TEST_DIR/PID-base.img
+bs->backing->bs->filename: TEST_DIR/PID-base.img
+
+{"execute": "change-backing-file", "arguments": {"backing-file": "file:TEST_DIR/PID-base.img", "device": "node0", "image-node-name": "node0"}}
+{"return": {}}
+
+bs->filename: json:{"backing": {"driver": "IMGFMT", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-base.img"}}, "driver": "IMGFMT", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-top.img"}}
+bs->backing_file: file:TEST_DIR/PID-base.img
+bs->backing->bs->filename: TEST_DIR/PID-base.img
+
+{"execute": "blockdev-del", "arguments": {"node-name": "node0"}}
+{"return": {}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-add", "arguments": {"driver": "IMGFMT", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-top.img"}, "node-name": "node0"}}
+{"return": {}}
+
+bs->filename: TEST_DIR/PID-top.img
+bs->backing_file: TEST_DIR/PID-base.img
+bs->backing->bs->filename: TEST_DIR/PID-base.img
+
+{"execute": "blockdev-del", "arguments": {"node-name": "node0"}}
+{"return": {}}
+
+--- Override backing file ---
+
+{"execute": "blockdev-add", "arguments": {"driver": "null-co", "node-name": "null"}}
+{"return": {}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-add", "arguments": {"backing": "null", "driver": "IMGFMT", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-top.img"}, "node-name": "node0"}}
+{"return": {}}
+
+bs->filename: json:{"backing": {"driver": "null-co"}, "driver": "IMGFMT", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-top.img"}}
+bs->backing_file: null-co://
+bs->backing->bs->filename: null-co://
+
+{"execute": "blockdev-del", "arguments": {"node-name": "node0"}}
+{"return": {}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-del", "arguments": {"node-name": "null"}}
+{"return": {}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-add", "arguments": {"backing": null, "driver": "IMGFMT", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-top.img"}, "node-name": "node0"}}
+{"return": {}}
+
+bs->filename: json:{"backing": null, "driver": "IMGFMT", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-top.img"}}
+bs->backing_file: TEST_DIR/PID-base.img
+bs->backing: (none)
+
+{"execute": "blockdev-add", "arguments": {"driver": "IMGFMT", "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-base.img"}, "node-name": "original-backing"}}
+{"return": {}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-snapshot", "arguments": {"node": "original-backing", "overlay": "node0"}}
+{"return": {}}
+
+bs->filename: TEST_DIR/PID-top.img
+bs->backing_file: TEST_DIR/PID-base.img
+bs->backing->bs->filename: TEST_DIR/PID-base.img
+
+{"execute": "blockdev-del", "arguments": {"node-name": "node0"}}
+{"return": {}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-del", "arguments": {"node-name": "original-backing"}}
+{"return": {}}
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/232 b/tests/qemu-iotests/232
index 0708b8b155..e48bc8f5db 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/232
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/232
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ status=1	# failure is the default!
 _cleanup()
 {
     _cleanup_test_img
-    rm -f $TEST_IMG.snap
 }
 trap "_cleanup; exit \$status" 0 1 2 3 15
 
@@ -70,6 +69,10 @@ size=128M
 
 _make_test_img $size
 
+if [ -n "$TEST_IMG_FILE" ]; then
+    TEST_IMG=$TEST_IMG_FILE
+fi
+
 echo
 echo "=== -drive with read-write image: read-only/auto-read-only combinations ==="
 echo
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/237 b/tests/qemu-iotests/237
index 251771d7fb..06897f8c87 100755
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/237
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/237
@@ -27,7 +27,8 @@ from iotests import imgfmt
 iotests.verify_image_format(supported_fmts=['vmdk'])
 
 def blockdev_create(vm, options):
-    result = vm.qmp_log('blockdev-create', job_id='job0', options=options)
+    result = vm.qmp_log('blockdev-create', job_id='job0', options=options,
+                        filters=[iotests.filter_qmp_testfiles])
 
     if 'return' in result:
         assert result['return'] == {}
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ with iotests.FilePath('t.vmdk') as disk_path, \
                           'size': 0 })
 
     vm.qmp_log('blockdev-add', driver='file', filename=disk_path,
-               node_name='imgfile')
+               node_name='imgfile', filters=[iotests.filter_qmp_testfiles])
 
     blockdev_create(vm, { 'driver': imgfmt,
                           'file': 'imgfile',
@@ -223,7 +224,7 @@ with iotests.FilePath('t.vmdk') as disk_path, \
             iotests.log("= %s %d =" % (subfmt, size))
             iotests.log("")
 
-            num_extents = math.ceil(size / 2.0**31)
+            num_extents = int(math.ceil(size / 2.0**31))
             extents = [ "ext%d" % (i) for i in range(1, num_extents + 1) ]
 
             vm.launch()
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/237.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/237.out
index 241c864369..2aaa68f672 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/237.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/237.out
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 === Successful image creation (defaults) ===
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.vmdk", "size": 0}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.vmdk", "size": 0}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-add", "arguments": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.vmdk", "node_name": "imgfile"}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-add", "arguments": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.vmdk", "node-name": "imgfile"}}
 {"return": {}}
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vmdk", "file": "imgfile", "size": 5368709120}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vmdk", "file": "imgfile", "size": 5368709120}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
@@ -29,12 +29,12 @@ Format specific information:
 
 === Successful image creation (inline blockdev-add, explicit defaults) ===
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.vmdk", "size": 0}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.vmdk", "size": 0}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"adapter-type": "ide", "driver": "vmdk", "extents": [], "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.vmdk"}, "hwversion": "4", "size": 67108864, "subformat": "monolithicSparse", "zeroed-grain": false}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"adapter-type": "ide", "driver": "vmdk", "extents": [], "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.vmdk"}, "hwversion": "4", "size": 67108864, "subformat": "monolithicSparse", "zeroed-grain": false}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
@@ -56,12 +56,12 @@ Format specific information:
 
 === Successful image creation (with non-default options) ===
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.vmdk", "size": 0}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.vmdk", "size": 0}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"adapter-type": "buslogic", "driver": "vmdk", "extents": [], "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.vmdk"}, "size": 33554432, "subformat": "monolithicSparse", "zeroed-grain": true}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"adapter-type": "buslogic", "driver": "vmdk", "extents": [], "file": {"driver": "file", "filename": "TEST_DIR/PID-t.vmdk"}, "size": 33554432, "subformat": "monolithicSparse", "zeroed-grain": true}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ Format specific information:
 
 === Invalid BlockdevRef ===
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vmdk", "file": "this doesn't exist", "size": 33554432}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vmdk", "file": "this doesn't exist", "size": 33554432}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Cannot find device=this doesn't exist nor node_name=this doesn't exist
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
@@ -93,38 +93,38 @@ Job failed: Cannot find device=this doesn't exist nor node_name=this doesn't exi
 
 == Valid adapter types ==
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"adapter-type": "ide", "driver": "vmdk", "file": "node0", "size": 33554432}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"adapter-type": "ide", "driver": "vmdk", "file": "node0", "size": 33554432}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"adapter-type": "buslogic", "driver": "vmdk", "file": "node0", "size": 33554432}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"adapter-type": "buslogic", "driver": "vmdk", "file": "node0", "size": 33554432}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"adapter-type": "lsilogic", "driver": "vmdk", "file": "node0", "size": 33554432}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"adapter-type": "lsilogic", "driver": "vmdk", "file": "node0", "size": 33554432}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"adapter-type": "legacyESX", "driver": "vmdk", "file": "node0", "size": 33554432}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"adapter-type": "legacyESX", "driver": "vmdk", "file": "node0", "size": 33554432}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
 == Invalid adapter types ==
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"adapter-type": "foo", "driver": "vmdk", "file": "node0", "size": 33554432}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"adapter-type": "foo", "driver": "vmdk", "file": "node0", "size": 33554432}}}
 {"error": {"class": "GenericError", "desc": "Invalid parameter 'foo'"}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"adapter-type": "IDE", "driver": "vmdk", "file": "node0", "size": 33554432}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"adapter-type": "IDE", "driver": "vmdk", "file": "node0", "size": 33554432}}}
 {"error": {"class": "GenericError", "desc": "Invalid parameter 'IDE'"}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"adapter-type": "legacyesx", "driver": "vmdk", "file": "node0", "size": 33554432}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"adapter-type": "legacyesx", "driver": "vmdk", "file": "node0", "size": 33554432}}}
 {"error": {"class": "GenericError", "desc": "Invalid parameter 'legacyesx'"}}
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"adapter-type": 1, "driver": "vmdk", "file": "node0", "size": 33554432}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"adapter-type": 1, "driver": "vmdk", "file": "node0", "size": 33554432}}}
 {"error": {"class": "GenericError", "desc": "Invalid parameter type for 'options.adapter-type', expected: string"}}
 
 === Other subformats ===
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ Formatting 'TEST_DIR/PID-t.vmdk.3', fmt=vmdk size=0 compat6=off hwversion=undefi
 
 == Missing extent ==
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vmdk", "file": "node0", "size": 33554432, "subformat": "monolithicFlat"}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vmdk", "file": "node0", "size": 33554432, "subformat": "monolithicFlat"}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: Extent [0] not specified
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
@@ -145,14 +145,14 @@ Job failed: Extent [0] not specified
 
 == Correct extent ==
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vmdk", "extents": ["ext1"], "file": "node0", "size": 33554432, "subformat": "monolithicFlat"}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vmdk", "extents": ["ext1"], "file": "node0", "size": 33554432, "subformat": "monolithicFlat"}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
 
 == Extra extent ==
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vmdk", "extents": ["ext1", "ext2", "ext3"], "file": "node0", "size": 512, "subformat": "monolithicFlat"}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vmdk", "extents": ["ext1", "ext2", "ext3"], "file": "node0", "size": 512, "subformat": "monolithicFlat"}}}
 {"return": {}}
 Job failed: List of extents contains unused extents
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ Job failed: List of extents contains unused extents
 
 = twoGbMaxExtentFlat 512 =
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vmdk", "extents": ["ext1"], "file": "node0", "size": 512, "subformat": "twoGbMaxExtentFlat"}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vmdk", "extents": ["ext1"], "file": "node0", "size": 512, "subformat": "twoGbMaxExtentFlat"}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ Format specific information:
 
 = twoGbMaxExtentSparse 512 =
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vmdk", "extents": ["ext1"], "file": "node0", "size": 512, "subformat": "twoGbMaxExtentSparse"}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vmdk", "extents": ["ext1"], "file": "node0", "size": 512, "subformat": "twoGbMaxExtentSparse"}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ Format specific information:
 
 = twoGbMaxExtentFlat 1073741824 =
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vmdk", "extents": ["ext1"], "file": "node0", "size": 1073741824, "subformat": "twoGbMaxExtentFlat"}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vmdk", "extents": ["ext1"], "file": "node0", "size": 1073741824, "subformat": "twoGbMaxExtentFlat"}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ Format specific information:
 
 = twoGbMaxExtentSparse 1073741824 =
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vmdk", "extents": ["ext1"], "file": "node0", "size": 1073741824, "subformat": "twoGbMaxExtentSparse"}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vmdk", "extents": ["ext1"], "file": "node0", "size": 1073741824, "subformat": "twoGbMaxExtentSparse"}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ Format specific information:
 
 = twoGbMaxExtentFlat 2147483648 =
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vmdk", "extents": ["ext1"], "file": "node0", "size": 2147483648, "subformat": "twoGbMaxExtentFlat"}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vmdk", "extents": ["ext1"], "file": "node0", "size": 2147483648, "subformat": "twoGbMaxExtentFlat"}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ Format specific information:
 
 = twoGbMaxExtentSparse 2147483648 =
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vmdk", "extents": ["ext1"], "file": "node0", "size": 2147483648, "subformat": "twoGbMaxExtentSparse"}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vmdk", "extents": ["ext1"], "file": "node0", "size": 2147483648, "subformat": "twoGbMaxExtentSparse"}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ Format specific information:
 
 = twoGbMaxExtentFlat 5368709120 =
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vmdk", "extents": ["ext1", "ext2", "ext3"], "file": "node0", "size": 5368709120, "subformat": "twoGbMaxExtentFlat"}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vmdk", "extents": ["ext1", "ext2", "ext3"], "file": "node0", "size": 5368709120, "subformat": "twoGbMaxExtentFlat"}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ Format specific information:
 
 = twoGbMaxExtentSparse 5368709120 =
 
-{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job_id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vmdk", "extents": ["ext1", "ext2", "ext3"], "file": "node0", "size": 5368709120, "subformat": "twoGbMaxExtentSparse"}}}
+{"execute": "blockdev-create", "arguments": {"job-id": "job0", "options": {"driver": "vmdk", "extents": ["ext1", "ext2", "ext3"], "file": "node0", "size": 5368709120, "subformat": "twoGbMaxExtentSparse"}}}
 {"return": {}}
 {"execute": "job-dismiss", "arguments": {"id": "job0"}}
 {"return": {}}
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/common.rc b/tests/qemu-iotests/common.rc
index e15e7a7c8e..09a27f02d0 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/common.rc
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/common.rc
@@ -145,6 +145,7 @@ else
         TEST_IMG="nbd:127.0.0.1:10810"
     elif [ "$IMGPROTO" = "ssh" ]; then
         TEST_IMG_FILE=$TEST_DIR/t.$IMGFMT
+        REMOTE_TEST_DIR="ssh://127.0.0.1$TEST_DIR"
         TEST_IMG="ssh://127.0.0.1$TEST_IMG_FILE"
     elif [ "$IMGPROTO" = "nfs" ]; then
         TEST_IMG_FILE=$TEST_DIR/t.$IMGFMT
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/group b/tests/qemu-iotests/group
index fc4c416fa3..b5ca63cf72 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/group
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/group
@@ -224,9 +224,11 @@
 221 rw auto quick
 222 rw auto quick
 223 rw auto quick
+224 rw auto quick
 225 rw auto quick
 226 auto quick
 227 auto quick
+228 rw auto quick
 229 auto quick
 231 auto quick
 232 auto quick
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/iotests.py b/tests/qemu-iotests/iotests.py
index b461f53abf..4910fb2005 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/iotests.py
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/iotests.py
@@ -76,14 +76,16 @@ def qemu_img(*args):
         sys.stderr.write('qemu-img received signal %i: %s\n' % (-exitcode, ' '.join(qemu_img_args + list(args))))
     return exitcode
 
-def ordered_qmp(qmsg):
+def ordered_qmp(qmsg, conv_keys=True):
     # Dictionaries are not ordered prior to 3.6, therefore:
     if isinstance(qmsg, list):
         return [ordered_qmp(atom) for atom in qmsg]
     if isinstance(qmsg, dict):
         od = OrderedDict()
         for k, v in sorted(qmsg.items()):
-            od[k] = ordered_qmp(v)
+            if conv_keys:
+                k = k.replace('_', '-')
+            od[k] = ordered_qmp(v, conv_keys=False)
         return od
     return qmsg
 
@@ -236,6 +238,12 @@ def image_size(img):
     r = qemu_img_pipe('info', '--output=json', '-f', imgfmt, img)
     return json.loads(r)['virtual-size']
 
+def is_str(val):
+    if sys.version_info.major >= 3:
+        return isinstance(val, str)
+    else:
+        return isinstance(val, str) or isinstance(val, unicode)
+
 test_dir_re = re.compile(r"%s" % test_dir)
 def filter_test_dir(msg):
     return test_dir_re.sub("TEST_DIR", msg)
@@ -283,7 +291,7 @@ def filter_testfiles(msg):
 
 def filter_qmp_testfiles(qmsg):
     def _filter(key, value):
-        if key == 'filename' or key == 'backing-file':
+        if is_str(value):
             return filter_testfiles(value)
         return value
     return filter_qmp(qmsg, _filter)
@@ -304,6 +312,16 @@ def filter_img_info(output, filename):
         lines.append(line)
     return '\n'.join(lines)
 
+def filter_imgfmt(msg):
+    return msg.replace(imgfmt, 'IMGFMT')
+
+def filter_qmp_imgfmt(qmsg):
+    def _filter(key, value):
+        if is_str(value):
+            return filter_imgfmt(value)
+        return value
+    return filter_qmp(qmsg, _filter)
+
 def log(msg, filters=[], indent=None):
     '''Logs either a string message or a JSON serializable message (like QMP).
     If indent is provided, JSON serializable messages are pretty-printed.'''
@@ -514,7 +532,9 @@ class VM(qtest.QEMUQtestMachine):
         log(result, filters, indent=indent)
         return result
 
+    # Returns None on success, and an error string on failure
     def run_job(self, job, auto_finalize=True, auto_dismiss=False):
+        error = None
         while True:
             for ev in self.get_qmp_events_filtered(wait=True):
                 if ev['event'] == 'JOB_STATUS_CHANGE':
@@ -523,16 +543,24 @@ class VM(qtest.QEMUQtestMachine):
                         result = self.qmp('query-jobs')
                         for j in result['return']:
                             if j['id'] == job:
+                                error = j['error']
                                 log('Job failed: %s' % (j['error']))
                     elif status == 'pending' and not auto_finalize:
                         self.qmp_log('job-finalize', id=job)
                     elif status == 'concluded' and not auto_dismiss:
                         self.qmp_log('job-dismiss', id=job)
                     elif status == 'null':
-                        return
+                        return error
                 else:
                     iotests.log(ev)
 
+    def node_info(self, node_name):
+        nodes = self.qmp('query-named-block-nodes')
+        for x in nodes['return']:
+            if x['node-name'] == node_name:
+                return x
+        return None
+
 
 index_re = re.compile(r'([^\[]+)\[([^\]]+)\]')
 
diff --git a/tests/test-bdrv-drain.c b/tests/test-bdrv-drain.c
index 821be405f0..eda90750eb 100644
--- a/tests/test-bdrv-drain.c
+++ b/tests/test-bdrv-drain.c
@@ -1501,6 +1501,36 @@ static void test_append_to_drained(void)
     blk_unref(blk);
 }
 
+static void test_set_aio_context(void)
+{
+    BlockDriverState *bs;
+    IOThread *a = iothread_new();
+    IOThread *b = iothread_new();
+    AioContext *ctx_a = iothread_get_aio_context(a);
+    AioContext *ctx_b = iothread_get_aio_context(b);
+
+    bs = bdrv_new_open_driver(&bdrv_test, "test-node", BDRV_O_RDWR,
+                              &error_abort);
+
+    bdrv_drained_begin(bs);
+    bdrv_set_aio_context(bs, ctx_a);
+
+    aio_context_acquire(ctx_a);
+    bdrv_drained_end(bs);
+
+    bdrv_drained_begin(bs);
+    bdrv_set_aio_context(bs, ctx_b);
+    aio_context_release(ctx_a);
+    aio_context_acquire(ctx_b);
+    bdrv_set_aio_context(bs, qemu_get_aio_context());
+    aio_context_release(ctx_b);
+    bdrv_drained_end(bs);
+
+    bdrv_unref(bs);
+    iothread_join(a);
+    iothread_join(b);
+}
+
 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
     int ret;
@@ -1582,6 +1612,8 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 
     g_test_add_func("/bdrv-drain/attach/drain", test_append_to_drained);
 
+    g_test_add_func("/bdrv-drain/set_aio_context", test_set_aio_context);
+
     ret = g_test_run();
     qemu_event_destroy(&done_event);
     return ret;
diff --git a/tests/test-bdrv-graph-mod.c b/tests/test-bdrv-graph-mod.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..458dfa6661
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test-bdrv-graph-mod.c
@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+/*
+ * Block node graph modifications tests
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 Virtuozzo International GmbH. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "qapi/error.h"
+#include "block/block_int.h"
+#include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
+
+static BlockDriver bdrv_pass_through = {
+    .format_name = "pass-through",
+    .bdrv_child_perm = bdrv_filter_default_perms,
+};
+
+static void no_perm_default_perms(BlockDriverState *bs, BdrvChild *c,
+                                         const BdrvChildRole *role,
+                                         BlockReopenQueue *reopen_queue,
+                                         uint64_t perm, uint64_t shared,
+                                         uint64_t *nperm, uint64_t *nshared)
+{
+    *nperm = 0;
+    *nshared = BLK_PERM_ALL;
+}
+
+static BlockDriver bdrv_no_perm = {
+    .format_name = "no-perm",
+    .bdrv_child_perm = no_perm_default_perms,
+};
+
+static BlockDriverState *no_perm_node(const char *name)
+{
+    return bdrv_new_open_driver(&bdrv_no_perm, name, BDRV_O_RDWR, &error_abort);
+}
+
+static BlockDriverState *pass_through_node(const char *name)
+{
+    return bdrv_new_open_driver(&bdrv_pass_through, name,
+                                BDRV_O_RDWR, &error_abort);
+}
+
+/*
+ * test_update_perm_tree
+ *
+ * When checking node for a possibility to update permissions, it's subtree
+ * should be correctly checked too. New permissions for each node should be
+ * calculated and checked in context of permissions of other nodes. If we
+ * check new permissions of the node only in context of old permissions of
+ * its neighbors, we can finish up with wrong permission graph.
+ *
+ * This test firstly create the following graph:
+ *                                +--------+
+ *                                |  root  |
+ *                                +--------+
+ *                                    |
+ *                                    | perm: write, read
+ *                                    | shared: except write
+ *                                    v
+ *  +-------------------+           +----------------+
+ *  | passtrough filter |---------->|  null-co node  |
+ *  +-------------------+           +----------------+
+ *
+ *
+ * and then, tries to append filter under node. Expected behavior: fail.
+ * Otherwise we'll get the following picture, with two BdrvChild'ren, having
+ * write permission to one node, without actually sharing it.
+ *
+ *                     +--------+
+ *                     |  root  |
+ *                     +--------+
+ *                         |
+ *                         | perm: write, read
+ *                         | shared: except write
+ *                         v
+ *                +-------------------+
+ *                | passtrough filter |
+ *                +-------------------+
+ *                       |   |
+ *     perm: write, read |   | perm: write, read
+ *  shared: except write |   | shared: except write
+ *                       v   v
+ *                +----------------+
+ *                |  null co node  |
+ *                +----------------+
+ */
+static void test_update_perm_tree(void)
+{
+    Error *local_err = NULL;
+
+    BlockBackend *root = blk_new(BLK_PERM_WRITE | BLK_PERM_CONSISTENT_READ,
+                                 BLK_PERM_ALL & ~BLK_PERM_WRITE);
+    BlockDriverState *bs = no_perm_node("node");
+    BlockDriverState *filter = pass_through_node("filter");
+
+    blk_insert_bs(root, bs, &error_abort);
+
+    bdrv_attach_child(filter, bs, "child", &child_file, &error_abort);
+
+    bdrv_append(filter, bs, &local_err);
+
+    g_assert_nonnull(local_err);
+
+    bdrv_unref(bs);
+    blk_unref(root);
+}
+
+/*
+ * test_should_update_child
+ *
+ * Test that bdrv_replace_node, and concretely should_update_child
+ * do the right thing, i.e. not creating loops on the graph.
+ *
+ * The test does the following:
+ * 1. initial graph:
+ *
+ *   +------+          +--------+
+ *   | root |          | filter |
+ *   +------+          +--------+
+ *      |                  |
+ *  root|            target|
+ *      v                  v
+ *   +------+          +--------+
+ *   | node |<---------| target |
+ *   +------+  backing +--------+
+ *
+ * 2. Append @filter above @node. If should_update_child works correctly,
+ * it understands, that backing child of @target should not be updated,
+ * as it will create a loop on node graph. Resulting picture should
+ * be the left one, not the right:
+ *
+ *     +------+                            +------+
+ *     | root |                            | root |
+ *     +------+                            +------+
+ *        |                                   |
+ *    root|                               root|
+ *        v                                   v
+ *    +--------+   target                 +--------+   target
+ *    | filter |--------------+           | filter |--------------+
+ *    +--------+              |           +--------+              |
+ *        |                   |               |  ^                v
+ * backing|                   |        backing|  |           +--------+
+ *        v                   v               |  +-----------| target |
+ *     +------+          +--------+           v      backing +--------+
+ *     | node |<---------| target |        +------+
+ *     +------+  backing +--------+        | node |
+ *                                         +------+
+ *
+ *    (good picture)                       (bad picture)
+ *
+ */
+static void test_should_update_child(void)
+{
+    BlockBackend *root = blk_new(0, BLK_PERM_ALL);
+    BlockDriverState *bs = no_perm_node("node");
+    BlockDriverState *filter = no_perm_node("filter");
+    BlockDriverState *target = no_perm_node("target");
+
+    blk_insert_bs(root, bs, &error_abort);
+
+    bdrv_set_backing_hd(target, bs, &error_abort);
+
+    g_assert(target->backing->bs == bs);
+    bdrv_attach_child(filter, target, "target", &child_file, &error_abort);
+    bdrv_append(filter, bs, &error_abort);
+    g_assert(target->backing->bs == bs);
+
+    bdrv_unref(bs);
+    blk_unref(root);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+    bdrv_init();
+    qemu_init_main_loop(&error_abort);
+
+    g_test_init(&argc, &argv, NULL);
+
+    g_test_add_func("/bdrv-graph-mod/update-perm-tree", test_update_perm_tree);
+    g_test_add_func("/bdrv-graph-mod/should-update-child",
+                    test_should_update_child);
+
+    return g_test_run();
+}
diff --git a/util/aio-posix.c b/util/aio-posix.c
index 8640dfde9f..6fbfa7924f 100644
--- a/util/aio-posix.c
+++ b/util/aio-posix.c
@@ -613,6 +613,8 @@ bool aio_poll(AioContext *ctx, bool blocking)
     int64_t timeout;
     int64_t start = 0;
 
+    assert(in_aio_context_home_thread(ctx));
+
     /* aio_notify can avoid the expensive event_notifier_set if
      * everything (file descriptors, bottom halves, timers) will
      * be re-evaluated before the next blocking poll().  This is
@@ -621,7 +623,6 @@ bool aio_poll(AioContext *ctx, bool blocking)
      * so disable the optimization now.
      */
     if (blocking) {
-        assert(in_aio_context_home_thread(ctx));
         atomic_add(&ctx->notify_me, 2);
     }