Optimize `/sync` and history visibility (#2961)

Should fix the following issues or make a lot less worse when using
Postgres:

The main issue behind #2911: The client gives up after a certain time,
causing a cascade of context errors, because the response couldn't be
built up fast enough. This mostly happens on accounts with many rooms,
due to the inefficient way we're getting recent events and current state

For #2777: The queries for getting the membership events for history
visibility were being executed for each room (I think 185?), resulting
in a whooping 2k queries for membership events. (Getting the
statesnapshot -> block nids -> actual wanted membership event)

Both should now be better by:
- Using a LATERAL join to get all recent events for all joined rooms in
one go (TODO: maybe do the same for room summary and current state etc)
- If we're lazy loading on initial syncs, we're now not getting the
whole current state, just to drop the majority of it because we're lazy
loading members - we add a filter to exclude membership events on the
first call to `CurrentState`.
- Using an optimized query to get the membership events needed to
calculate history visibility

---------

Co-authored-by: kegsay <kegan@matrix.org>

18 files changed, 720 insertions, 202 deletions

diff --git a/syncapi/internal/history_visibility.go b/syncapi/internal/history_visibility.go
index 71d7ddd1..87c59e03 100644
--- a/syncapi/internal/history_visibility.go
+++ b/syncapi/internal/history_visibility.go
@@ -121,10 +121,7 @@ func ApplyHistoryVisibilityFilter(
 
 	// Get the mapping from eventID -> eventVisibility
 	eventsFiltered := make([]*gomatrixserverlib.HeaderedEvent, 0, len(events))
-	visibilities, err := visibilityForEvents(ctx, rsAPI, events, userID, events[0].RoomID())
-	if err != nil {
-		return eventsFiltered, err
-	}
+	visibilities := visibilityForEvents(ctx, rsAPI, events, userID, events[0].RoomID())
 	for _, ev := range events {
 		evVis := visibilities[ev.EventID()]
 		evVis.membershipCurrent = membershipCurrent
@@ -175,7 +172,7 @@ func visibilityForEvents(
 	rsAPI api.SyncRoomserverAPI,
 	events []*gomatrixserverlib.HeaderedEvent,
 	userID, roomID string,
-) (map[string]eventVisibility, error) {
+) map[string]eventVisibility {
 	eventIDs := make([]string, len(events))
 	for i := range events {
 		eventIDs[i] = events[i].EventID()
@@ -185,6 +182,7 @@ func visibilityForEvents(
 
 	// get the membership events for all eventIDs
 	membershipResp := &api.QueryMembershipAtEventResponse{}
+
 	err := rsAPI.QueryMembershipAtEvent(ctx, &api.QueryMembershipAtEventRequest{
 		RoomID:   roomID,
 		EventIDs: eventIDs,
@@ -201,19 +199,20 @@ func visibilityForEvents(
 			membershipAtEvent: gomatrixserverlib.Leave, // default to leave, to not expose events by accident
 			visibility:        event.Visibility,
 		}
-		membershipEvs, ok := membershipResp.Memberships[eventID]
-		if !ok {
+		ev, ok := membershipResp.Membership[eventID]
+		if !ok || ev == nil {
 			result[eventID] = vis
 			continue
 		}
-		for _, ev := range membershipEvs {
-			membership, err := ev.Membership()
-			if err != nil {
-				return result, err
-			}
-			vis.membershipAtEvent = membership
+
+		membership, err := ev.Membership()
+		if err != nil {
+			result[eventID] = vis
+			continue
 		}
+		vis.membershipAtEvent = membership
+
 		result[eventID] = vis
 	}
-	return result, nil
+	return result
 }
diff --git a/syncapi/routing/context.go b/syncapi/routing/context.go
index 095a868c..76f00367 100644
--- a/syncapi/routing/context.go
+++ b/syncapi/routing/context.go
@@ -67,6 +67,8 @@ func Context(
 			errMsg = "unable to parse filter"
 		case *strconv.NumError:
 			errMsg = "unable to parse limit"
+		default:
+			errMsg = err.Error()
 		}
 		return util.JSONResponse{
 			Code:    http.StatusBadRequest,
@@ -167,7 +169,18 @@ func Context(
 
 	eventsBeforeClient := gomatrixserverlib.HeaderedToClientEvents(eventsBeforeFiltered, gomatrixserverlib.FormatAll)
 	eventsAfterClient := gomatrixserverlib.HeaderedToClientEvents(eventsAfterFiltered, gomatrixserverlib.FormatAll)
-	newState := applyLazyLoadMembers(device, filter, eventsAfterClient, eventsBeforeClient, state, lazyLoadCache)
+
+	newState := state
+	if filter.LazyLoadMembers {
+		allEvents := append(eventsBeforeFiltered, eventsAfterFiltered...)
+		allEvents = append(allEvents, &requestedEvent)
+		evs := gomatrixserverlib.HeaderedToClientEvents(allEvents, gomatrixserverlib.FormatAll)
+		newState, err = applyLazyLoadMembers(ctx, device, snapshot, roomID, evs, lazyLoadCache)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.WithError(err).Error("unable to load membership events")
+			return jsonerror.InternalServerError()
+		}
+	}
 
 	ev := gomatrixserverlib.HeaderedToClientEvent(&requestedEvent, gomatrixserverlib.FormatAll)
 	response := ContextRespsonse{
@@ -244,41 +257,43 @@ func getStartEnd(ctx context.Context, snapshot storage.DatabaseTransaction, star
 }
 
 func applyLazyLoadMembers(
+	ctx context.Context,
 	device *userapi.Device,
-	filter *gomatrixserverlib.RoomEventFilter,
-	eventsAfter, eventsBefore []gomatrixserverlib.ClientEvent,
-	state []*gomatrixserverlib.HeaderedEvent,
+	snapshot storage.DatabaseTransaction,
+	roomID string,
+	events []gomatrixserverlib.ClientEvent,
 	lazyLoadCache caching.LazyLoadCache,
-) []*gomatrixserverlib.HeaderedEvent {
-	if filter == nil || !filter.LazyLoadMembers {
-		return state
-	}
-	allEvents := append(eventsBefore, eventsAfter...)
-	x := make(map[string]struct{})
+) ([]*gomatrixserverlib.HeaderedEvent, error) {
+	eventSenders := make(map[string]struct{})
 	// get members who actually send an event
-	for _, e := range allEvents {
+	for _, e := range events {
 		// Don't add membership events the client should already know about
 		if _, cached := lazyLoadCache.IsLazyLoadedUserCached(device, e.RoomID, e.Sender); cached {
 			continue
 		}
-		x[e.Sender] = struct{}{}
+		eventSenders[e.Sender] = struct{}{}
 	}
 
-	newState := []*gomatrixserverlib.HeaderedEvent{}
-	membershipEvents := []*gomatrixserverlib.HeaderedEvent{}
-	for _, event := range state {
-		if event.Type() != gomatrixserverlib.MRoomMember {
-			newState = append(newState, event)
-		} else {
-			// did the user send an event?
-			if _, ok := x[event.Sender()]; ok {
-				membershipEvents = append(membershipEvents, event)
-				lazyLoadCache.StoreLazyLoadedUser(device, event.RoomID(), event.Sender(), event.EventID())
-			}
-		}
+	wantUsers := make([]string, 0, len(eventSenders))
+	for userID := range eventSenders {
+		wantUsers = append(wantUsers, userID)
+	}
+
+	// Query missing membership events
+	filter := gomatrixserverlib.DefaultStateFilter()
+	filter.Senders = &wantUsers
+	filter.Types = &[]string{gomatrixserverlib.MRoomMember}
+	memberships, err := snapshot.GetStateEventsForRoom(ctx, roomID, &filter)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
-	// Add the membershipEvents to the end of the list, to make Sytest happy
-	return append(newState, membershipEvents...)
+
+	// cache the membership events
+	for _, membership := range memberships {
+		lazyLoadCache.StoreLazyLoadedUser(device, roomID, *membership.StateKey(), membership.EventID())
+	}
+
+	return memberships, nil
 }
 
 func parseRoomEventFilter(req *http.Request) (*gomatrixserverlib.RoomEventFilter, error) {
diff --git a/syncapi/routing/messages.go b/syncapi/routing/messages.go
index 4a01ec35..02d8fcc7 100644
--- a/syncapi/routing/messages.go
+++ b/syncapi/routing/messages.go
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ type messagesResp struct {
 // OnIncomingMessagesRequest implements the /messages endpoint from the
 // client-server API.
 // See: https://matrix.org/docs/spec/client_server/latest.html#get-matrix-client-r0-rooms-roomid-messages
+// nolint:gocyclo
 func OnIncomingMessagesRequest(
 	req *http.Request, db storage.Database, roomID string, device *userapi.Device,
 	rsAPI api.SyncRoomserverAPI,
@@ -246,7 +247,14 @@ func OnIncomingMessagesRequest(
 		Start: start.String(),
 		End:   end.String(),
 	}
-	res.applyLazyLoadMembers(req.Context(), snapshot, roomID, device, filter.LazyLoadMembers, lazyLoadCache)
+	if filter.LazyLoadMembers {
+		membershipEvents, err := applyLazyLoadMembers(req.Context(), device, snapshot, roomID, clientEvents, lazyLoadCache)
+		if err != nil {
+			util.GetLogger(req.Context()).WithError(err).Error("failed to apply lazy loading")
+			return jsonerror.InternalServerError()
+		}
+		res.State = append(res.State, gomatrixserverlib.HeaderedToClientEvents(membershipEvents, gomatrixserverlib.FormatAll)...)
+	}
 
 	// If we didn't return any events, set the end to an empty string, so it will be omitted
 	// in the response JSON.
@@ -265,40 +273,6 @@ func OnIncomingMessagesRequest(
 	}
 }
 
-// applyLazyLoadMembers loads membership events for users returned in Chunk, if the filter has
-// LazyLoadMembers enabled.
-func (m *messagesResp) applyLazyLoadMembers(
-	ctx context.Context,
-	db storage.DatabaseTransaction,
-	roomID string,
-	device *userapi.Device,
-	lazyLoad bool,
-	lazyLoadCache caching.LazyLoadCache,
-) {
-	if !lazyLoad {
-		return
-	}
-	membershipToUser := make(map[string]*gomatrixserverlib.HeaderedEvent)
-	for _, evt := range m.Chunk {
-		// Don't add membership events the client should already know about
-		if _, cached := lazyLoadCache.IsLazyLoadedUserCached(device, roomID, evt.Sender); cached {
-			continue
-		}
-		membership, err := db.GetStateEvent(ctx, roomID, gomatrixserverlib.MRoomMember, evt.Sender)
-		if err != nil {
-			util.GetLogger(ctx).WithError(err).Error("failed to get membership event for user")
-			continue
-		}
-		if membership != nil {
-			membershipToUser[evt.Sender] = membership
-			lazyLoadCache.StoreLazyLoadedUser(device, roomID, evt.Sender, membership.EventID())
-		}
-	}
-	for _, evt := range membershipToUser {
-		m.State = append(m.State, gomatrixserverlib.HeaderedToClientEvent(evt, gomatrixserverlib.FormatAll))
-	}
-}
-
 func getMembershipForUser(ctx context.Context, roomID, userID string, rsAPI api.SyncRoomserverAPI) (resp api.QueryMembershipForUserResponse, err error) {
 	req := api.QueryMembershipForUserRequest{
 		RoomID: roomID,
diff --git a/syncapi/storage/interface.go b/syncapi/storage/interface.go
index a7a127e3..04c2020a 100644
--- a/syncapi/storage/interface.go
+++ b/syncapi/storage/interface.go
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ type DatabaseTransaction interface {
 	RoomIDsWithMembership(ctx context.Context, userID string, membership string) ([]string, error)
 	MembershipCount(ctx context.Context, roomID, membership string, pos types.StreamPosition) (int, error)
 	GetRoomSummary(ctx context.Context, roomID, userID string) (summary *types.Summary, err error)
-	RecentEvents(ctx context.Context, roomID string, r types.Range, eventFilter *gomatrixserverlib.RoomEventFilter, chronologicalOrder bool, onlySyncEvents bool) ([]types.StreamEvent, bool, error)
+	RecentEvents(ctx context.Context, roomIDs []string, r types.Range, eventFilter *gomatrixserverlib.RoomEventFilter, chronologicalOrder bool, onlySyncEvents bool) (map[string]types.RecentEvents, error)
 	GetBackwardTopologyPos(ctx context.Context, events []*gomatrixserverlib.HeaderedEvent) (types.TopologyToken, error)
 	PositionInTopology(ctx context.Context, eventID string) (pos types.StreamPosition, spos types.StreamPosition, err error)
 	InviteEventsInRange(ctx context.Context, targetUserID string, r types.Range) (map[string]*gomatrixserverlib.HeaderedEvent, map[string]*gomatrixserverlib.HeaderedEvent, types.StreamPosition, error)
diff --git a/syncapi/storage/postgres/current_room_state_table.go b/syncapi/storage/postgres/current_room_state_table.go
index 3caafa14..0d607b7c 100644
--- a/syncapi/storage/postgres/current_room_state_table.go
+++ b/syncapi/storage/postgres/current_room_state_table.go
@@ -275,6 +275,15 @@ func (s *currentRoomStateStatements) SelectCurrentState(
 ) ([]*gomatrixserverlib.HeaderedEvent, error) {
 	stmt := sqlutil.TxStmt(txn, s.selectCurrentStateStmt)
 	senders, notSenders := getSendersStateFilterFilter(stateFilter)
+	// We're going to query members later, so remove them from this request
+	if stateFilter.LazyLoadMembers && !stateFilter.IncludeRedundantMembers {
+		notTypes := &[]string{gomatrixserverlib.MRoomMember}
+		if stateFilter.NotTypes != nil {
+			*stateFilter.NotTypes = append(*stateFilter.NotTypes, gomatrixserverlib.MRoomMember)
+		} else {
+			stateFilter.NotTypes = notTypes
+		}
+	}
 	rows, err := stmt.QueryContext(ctx, roomID,
 		pq.StringArray(senders),
 		pq.StringArray(notSenders),
diff --git a/syncapi/storage/postgres/deltas/20230201152200_rename_index.go b/syncapi/storage/postgres/deltas/20230201152200_rename_index.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5a0ec505
--- /dev/null
+++ b/syncapi/storage/postgres/deltas/20230201152200_rename_index.go
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package deltas
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"database/sql"
+	"fmt"
+)
+
+func UpRenameOutputRoomEventsIndex(ctx context.Context, tx *sql.Tx) error {
+	_, err := tx.ExecContext(ctx, `ALTER TABLE syncapi_output_room_events RENAME CONSTRAINT syncapi_event_id_idx TO syncapi_output_room_event_id_idx;`)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to execute upgrade: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/syncapi/storage/postgres/output_room_events_table.go b/syncapi/storage/postgres/output_room_events_table.go
index 0075fc8d..59fb99aa 100644
--- a/syncapi/storage/postgres/output_room_events_table.go
+++ b/syncapi/storage/postgres/output_room_events_table.go
@@ -19,18 +19,17 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"database/sql"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
 	"sort"
 
+	"github.com/lib/pq"
 	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/internal"
+	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/internal/sqlutil"
 	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/roomserver/api"
 	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/syncapi/storage/postgres/deltas"
 	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/syncapi/storage/tables"
 	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/syncapi/types"
-
-	"github.com/lib/pq"
 	"github.com/matrix-org/gomatrixserverlib"
-
-	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/internal/sqlutil"
 )
 
 const outputRoomEventsSchema = `
@@ -44,7 +43,7 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS syncapi_output_room_events (
   --     This isn't a problem for us since we just want to order by this field.
   id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT nextval('syncapi_stream_id'),
   -- The event ID for the event
-  event_id TEXT NOT NULL CONSTRAINT syncapi_event_id_idx UNIQUE,
+  event_id TEXT NOT NULL CONSTRAINT syncapi_output_room_event_id_idx UNIQUE,
   -- The 'room_id' key for the event.
   room_id TEXT NOT NULL,
   -- The headered JSON for the event, containing potentially additional metadata such as
@@ -79,13 +78,16 @@ CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS syncapi_output_room_events_room_id_idx ON syncapi_out
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS syncapi_output_room_events_exclude_from_sync_idx ON syncapi_output_room_events (exclude_from_sync);
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS syncapi_output_room_events_add_state_ids_idx ON syncapi_output_room_events ((add_state_ids IS NOT NULL));
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS syncapi_output_room_events_remove_state_ids_idx ON syncapi_output_room_events ((remove_state_ids IS NOT NULL));
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS syncapi_output_room_events_recent_events_idx ON syncapi_output_room_events (room_id, exclude_from_sync, id, sender, type);
+
+
 `
 
 const insertEventSQL = "" +
 	"INSERT INTO syncapi_output_room_events (" +
 	"room_id, event_id, headered_event_json, type, sender, contains_url, add_state_ids, remove_state_ids, session_id, transaction_id, exclude_from_sync, history_visibility" +
 	") VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7, $8, $9, $10, $11, $12) " +
-	"ON CONFLICT ON CONSTRAINT syncapi_event_id_idx DO UPDATE SET exclude_from_sync = (excluded.exclude_from_sync AND $11) " +
+	"ON CONFLICT ON CONSTRAINT syncapi_output_room_event_id_idx DO UPDATE SET exclude_from_sync = (excluded.exclude_from_sync AND $11) " +
 	"RETURNING id"
 
 const selectEventsSQL = "" +
@@ -109,14 +111,29 @@ const selectRecentEventsSQL = "" +
 	" AND ( $7::text[] IS NULL OR NOT(type LIKE ANY($7)) )" +
 	" ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT $8"
 
-const selectRecentEventsForSyncSQL = "" +
-	"SELECT event_id, id, headered_event_json, session_id, exclude_from_sync, transaction_id, history_visibility FROM syncapi_output_room_events" +
-	" WHERE room_id = $1 AND id > $2 AND id <= $3 AND exclude_from_sync = FALSE" +
-	" AND ( $4::text[] IS NULL OR     sender  = ANY($4)  )" +
-	" AND ( $5::text[] IS NULL OR NOT(sender  = ANY($5)) )" +
-	" AND ( $6::text[] IS NULL OR     type LIKE ANY($6)  )" +
-	" AND ( $7::text[] IS NULL OR NOT(type LIKE ANY($7)) )" +
-	" ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT $8"
+// selectRecentEventsForSyncSQL contains an optimization to get the recent events for a list of rooms, using a LATERAL JOIN
+// The sub select inside LATERAL () is executed for all room_ids it gets as a parameter $1
+const selectRecentEventsForSyncSQL = `
+WITH room_ids AS (
+     SELECT unnest($1::text[]) AS room_id
+)
+SELECT    x.*
+FROM room_ids,
+          LATERAL  (
+              SELECT room_id, event_id, id, headered_event_json, session_id, exclude_from_sync, transaction_id, history_visibility
+                    FROM syncapi_output_room_events recent_events
+                    WHERE
+                      recent_events.room_id = room_ids.room_id
+                      AND recent_events.exclude_from_sync = FALSE
+                      AND id > $2 AND id <= $3
+                      AND ( $4::text[] IS NULL OR     sender  = ANY($4)  )
+                      AND ( $5::text[] IS NULL OR NOT(sender  = ANY($5)) )
+                      AND ( $6::text[] IS NULL OR     type LIKE ANY($6)  )
+                      AND ( $7::text[] IS NULL OR NOT(type LIKE ANY($7)) )
+                    ORDER BY recent_events.id DESC
+                    LIMIT $8
+              ) AS x
+`
 
 const selectEarlyEventsSQL = "" +
 	"SELECT event_id, id, headered_event_json, session_id, exclude_from_sync, transaction_id, history_visibility FROM syncapi_output_room_events" +
@@ -207,12 +224,30 @@ func NewPostgresEventsTable(db *sql.DB) (tables.Events, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
+	migrationName := "syncapi: rename dupe index (output_room_events)"
+
+	var cName string
+	err = db.QueryRowContext(context.Background(), "select constraint_name from information_schema.table_constraints where table_name = 'syncapi_output_room_events' AND constraint_name = 'syncapi_event_id_idx'").Scan(&cName)
+	switch err {
+	case sql.ErrNoRows: // migration was already executed, as the index was renamed
+		if err = sqlutil.InsertMigration(context.Background(), db, migrationName); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to manually insert migration '%s': %w", migrationName, err)
+		}
+	case nil:
+	default:
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
 	m := sqlutil.NewMigrator(db)
 	m.AddMigrations(
 		sqlutil.Migration{
 			Version: "syncapi: add history visibility column (output_room_events)",
 			Up:      deltas.UpAddHistoryVisibilityColumnOutputRoomEvents,
 		},
+		sqlutil.Migration{
+			Version: migrationName,
+			Up:      deltas.UpRenameOutputRoomEventsIndex,
+		},
 	)
 	err = m.Up(context.Background())
 	if err != nil {
@@ -398,9 +433,9 @@ func (s *outputRoomEventsStatements) InsertEvent(
 // from sync.
 func (s *outputRoomEventsStatements) SelectRecentEvents(
 	ctx context.Context, txn *sql.Tx,
-	roomID string, r types.Range, eventFilter *gomatrixserverlib.RoomEventFilter,
+	roomIDs []string, ra types.Range, eventFilter *gomatrixserverlib.RoomEventFilter,
 	chronologicalOrder bool, onlySyncEvents bool,
-) ([]types.StreamEvent, bool, error) {
+) (map[string]types.RecentEvents, error) {
 	var stmt *sql.Stmt
 	if onlySyncEvents {
 		stmt = sqlutil.TxStmt(txn, s.selectRecentEventsForSyncStmt)
@@ -408,8 +443,9 @@ func (s *outputRoomEventsStatements) SelectRecentEvents(
 		stmt = sqlutil.TxStmt(txn, s.selectRecentEventsStmt)
 	}
 	senders, notSenders := getSendersRoomEventFilter(eventFilter)
+
 	rows, err := stmt.QueryContext(
-		ctx, roomID, r.Low(), r.High(),
+		ctx, pq.StringArray(roomIDs), ra.Low(), ra.High(),
 		pq.StringArray(senders),
 		pq.StringArray(notSenders),
 		pq.StringArray(filterConvertTypeWildcardToSQL(eventFilter.Types)),
@@ -417,34 +453,80 @@ func (s *outputRoomEventsStatements) SelectRecentEvents(
 		eventFilter.Limit+1,
 	)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, false, err
+		return nil, err
 	}
 	defer internal.CloseAndLogIfError(ctx, rows, "selectRecentEvents: rows.close() failed")
-	events, err := rowsToStreamEvents(rows)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, false, err
-	}
-	if chronologicalOrder {
-		// The events need to be returned from oldest to latest, which isn't
-		// necessary the way the SQL query returns them, so a sort is necessary to
-		// ensure the events are in the right order in the slice.
-		sort.SliceStable(events, func(i int, j int) bool {
-			return events[i].StreamPosition < events[j].StreamPosition
+
+	result := make(map[string]types.RecentEvents)
+
+	for rows.Next() {
+		var (
+			roomID            string
+			eventID           string
+			streamPos         types.StreamPosition
+			eventBytes        []byte
+			excludeFromSync   bool
+			sessionID         *int64
+			txnID             *string
+			transactionID     *api.TransactionID
+			historyVisibility gomatrixserverlib.HistoryVisibility
+		)
+		if err := rows.Scan(&roomID, &eventID, &streamPos, &eventBytes, &sessionID, &excludeFromSync, &txnID, &historyVisibility); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		// TODO: Handle redacted events
+		var ev gomatrixserverlib.HeaderedEvent
+		if err := ev.UnmarshalJSONWithEventID(eventBytes, eventID); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		if sessionID != nil && txnID != nil {
+			transactionID = &api.TransactionID{
+				SessionID:     *sessionID,
+				TransactionID: *txnID,
+			}
+		}
+
+		r := result[roomID]
+
+		ev.Visibility = historyVisibility
+		r.Events = append(r.Events, types.StreamEvent{
+			HeaderedEvent:   &ev,
+			StreamPosition:  streamPos,
+			TransactionID:   transactionID,
+			ExcludeFromSync: excludeFromSync,
 		})
+
+		result[roomID] = r
 	}
-	// we queried for 1 more than the limit, so if we returned one more mark limited=true
-	limited := false
-	if len(events) > eventFilter.Limit {
-		limited = true
-		// re-slice the extra (oldest) event out: in chronological order this is the first entry, else the last.
-		if chronologicalOrder {
-			events = events[1:]
-		} else {
-			events = events[:len(events)-1]
+
+	if chronologicalOrder {
+		for roomID, evs := range result {
+			// The events need to be returned from oldest to latest, which isn't
+			// necessary the way the SQL query returns them, so a sort is necessary to
+			// ensure the events are in the right order in the slice.
+			sort.SliceStable(evs.Events, func(i int, j int) bool {
+				return evs.Events[i].StreamPosition < evs.Events[j].StreamPosition
+			})
+
+			if len(evs.Events) > eventFilter.Limit {
+				evs.Limited = true
+				evs.Events = evs.Events[1:]
+			}
+
+			result[roomID] = evs
 		}
-	}
+	} else {
+		for roomID, evs := range result {
+			if len(evs.Events) > eventFilter.Limit {
+				evs.Limited = true
+				evs.Events = evs.Events[:len(evs.Events)-1]
+			}
 
-	return events, limited, nil
+			result[roomID] = evs
+		}
+	}
+	return result, rows.Err()
 }
 
 // selectEarlyEvents returns the earliest events in the given room, starting
diff --git a/syncapi/storage/shared/storage_sync.go b/syncapi/storage/shared/storage_sync.go
index 8385b95a..931bc9e2 100644
--- a/syncapi/storage/shared/storage_sync.go
+++ b/syncapi/storage/shared/storage_sync.go
@@ -151,8 +151,8 @@ func (d *DatabaseTransaction) GetRoomSummary(ctx context.Context, roomID, userID
 	return summary, nil
 }
 
-func (d *DatabaseTransaction) RecentEvents(ctx context.Context, roomID string, r types.Range, eventFilter *gomatrixserverlib.RoomEventFilter, chronologicalOrder bool, onlySyncEvents bool) ([]types.StreamEvent, bool, error) {
-	return d.OutputEvents.SelectRecentEvents(ctx, d.txn, roomID, r, eventFilter, chronologicalOrder, onlySyncEvents)
+func (d *DatabaseTransaction) RecentEvents(ctx context.Context, roomIDs []string, r types.Range, eventFilter *gomatrixserverlib.RoomEventFilter, chronologicalOrder bool, onlySyncEvents bool) (map[string]types.RecentEvents, error) {
+	return d.OutputEvents.SelectRecentEvents(ctx, d.txn, roomIDs, r, eventFilter, chronologicalOrder, onlySyncEvents)
 }
 
 func (d *DatabaseTransaction) PositionInTopology(ctx context.Context, eventID string) (pos types.StreamPosition, spos types.StreamPosition, err error) {
@@ -370,19 +370,25 @@ func (d *DatabaseTransaction) GetStateDeltas(
 	}
 
 	// get all the state events ever (i.e. for all available rooms) between these two positions
-	stateNeededFiltered, eventMapFiltered, err := d.OutputEvents.SelectStateInRange(ctx, d.txn, r, stateFilter, allRoomIDs)
-	if err != nil {
-		if err == sql.ErrNoRows {
-			return nil, nil, nil
+	stateFiltered := state
+	// avoid hitting the database if the result would be the same as above
+	if !isStatefilterEmpty(stateFilter) {
+		var stateNeededFiltered map[string]map[string]bool
+		var eventMapFiltered map[string]types.StreamEvent
+		stateNeededFiltered, eventMapFiltered, err = d.OutputEvents.SelectStateInRange(ctx, d.txn, r, stateFilter, allRoomIDs)
+		if err != nil {
+			if err == sql.ErrNoRows {
+				return nil, nil, nil
+			}
+			return nil, nil, err
 		}
-		return nil, nil, err
-	}
-	stateFiltered, err := d.fetchStateEvents(ctx, d.txn, stateNeededFiltered, eventMapFiltered)
-	if err != nil {
-		if err == sql.ErrNoRows {
-			return nil, nil, nil
+		stateFiltered, err = d.fetchStateEvents(ctx, d.txn, stateNeededFiltered, eventMapFiltered)
+		if err != nil {
+			if err == sql.ErrNoRows {
+				return nil, nil, nil
+			}
+			return nil, nil, err
 		}
-		return nil, nil, err
 	}
 
 	// find out which rooms this user is peeking, if any.
@@ -701,6 +707,28 @@ func (d *DatabaseTransaction) MaxStreamPositionForRelations(ctx context.Context)
 	return types.StreamPosition(id), err
 }
 
+func isStatefilterEmpty(filter *gomatrixserverlib.StateFilter) bool {
+	if filter == nil {
+		return true
+	}
+	switch {
+	case filter.NotTypes != nil && len(*filter.NotTypes) > 0:
+		return false
+	case filter.Types != nil && len(*filter.Types) > 0:
+		return false
+	case filter.Senders != nil && len(*filter.Senders) > 0:
+		return false
+	case filter.NotSenders != nil && len(*filter.NotSenders) > 0:
+		return false
+	case filter.NotRooms != nil && len(*filter.NotRooms) > 0:
+		return false
+	case filter.ContainsURL != nil:
+		return false
+	default:
+		return true
+	}
+}
+
 func (d *DatabaseTransaction) RelationsFor(ctx context.Context, roomID, eventID, relType, eventType string, from, to types.StreamPosition, backwards bool, limit int) (
 	events []types.StreamEvent, prevBatch, nextBatch string, err error,
 ) {
diff --git a/syncapi/storage/shared/storage_sync_test.go b/syncapi/storage/shared/storage_sync_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c56720db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/syncapi/storage/shared/storage_sync_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+package shared
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/matrix-org/gomatrixserverlib"
+)
+
+func Test_isStatefilterEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	filterSet := []string{"a"}
+	boolValue := false
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name   string
+		filter *gomatrixserverlib.StateFilter
+		want   bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:   "nil filter is empty",
+			filter: nil,
+			want:   true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "Empty filter is empty",
+			filter: &gomatrixserverlib.StateFilter{},
+			want:   true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "NotTypes is set",
+			filter: &gomatrixserverlib.StateFilter{
+				NotTypes: &filterSet,
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Types is set",
+			filter: &gomatrixserverlib.StateFilter{
+				Types: &filterSet,
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Senders is set",
+			filter: &gomatrixserverlib.StateFilter{
+				Senders: &filterSet,
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "NotSenders is set",
+			filter: &gomatrixserverlib.StateFilter{
+				NotSenders: &filterSet,
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "NotRooms is set",
+			filter: &gomatrixserverlib.StateFilter{
+				NotRooms: &filterSet,
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "ContainsURL is set",
+			filter: &gomatrixserverlib.StateFilter{
+				ContainsURL: &boolValue,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := isStatefilterEmpty(tt.filter); got != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("isStatefilterEmpty() = %v, want %v", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/syncapi/storage/sqlite3/account_data_table.go b/syncapi/storage/sqlite3/account_data_table.go
index d8967113..de0e72db 100644
--- a/syncapi/storage/sqlite3/account_data_table.go
+++ b/syncapi/storage/sqlite3/account_data_table.go
@@ -105,7 +105,9 @@ func (s *accountDataStatements) SelectAccountDataInRange(
 		filter.Senders, filter.NotSenders,
 		filter.Types, filter.NotTypes,
 		[]string{}, nil, filter.Limit, FilterOrderAsc)
-
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
 	rows, err := stmt.QueryContext(ctx, params...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
diff --git a/syncapi/storage/sqlite3/current_room_state_table.go b/syncapi/storage/sqlite3/current_room_state_table.go
index 6bc1b267..35b746c5 100644
--- a/syncapi/storage/sqlite3/current_room_state_table.go
+++ b/syncapi/storage/sqlite3/current_room_state_table.go
@@ -267,6 +267,15 @@ func (s *currentRoomStateStatements) SelectCurrentState(
 	stateFilter *gomatrixserverlib.StateFilter,
 	excludeEventIDs []string,
 ) ([]*gomatrixserverlib.HeaderedEvent, error) {
+	// We're going to query members later, so remove them from this request
+	if stateFilter.LazyLoadMembers && !stateFilter.IncludeRedundantMembers {
+		notTypes := &[]string{gomatrixserverlib.MRoomMember}
+		if stateFilter.NotTypes != nil {
+			*stateFilter.NotTypes = append(*stateFilter.NotTypes, gomatrixserverlib.MRoomMember)
+		} else {
+			stateFilter.NotTypes = notTypes
+		}
+	}
 	stmt, params, err := prepareWithFilters(
 		s.db, txn, selectCurrentStateSQL,
 		[]interface{}{
diff --git a/syncapi/storage/sqlite3/output_room_events_table.go b/syncapi/storage/sqlite3/output_room_events_table.go
index db708c08..23bc68a4 100644
--- a/syncapi/storage/sqlite3/output_room_events_table.go
+++ b/syncapi/storage/sqlite3/output_room_events_table.go
@@ -368,9 +368,9 @@ func (s *outputRoomEventsStatements) InsertEvent(
 
 func (s *outputRoomEventsStatements) SelectRecentEvents(
 	ctx context.Context, txn *sql.Tx,
-	roomID string, r types.Range, eventFilter *gomatrixserverlib.RoomEventFilter,
+	roomIDs []string, r types.Range, eventFilter *gomatrixserverlib.RoomEventFilter,
 	chronologicalOrder bool, onlySyncEvents bool,
-) ([]types.StreamEvent, bool, error) {
+) (map[string]types.RecentEvents, error) {
 	var query string
 	if onlySyncEvents {
 		query = selectRecentEventsForSyncSQL
@@ -378,49 +378,55 @@ func (s *outputRoomEventsStatements) SelectRecentEvents(
 		query = selectRecentEventsSQL
 	}
 
-	stmt, params, err := prepareWithFilters(
-		s.db, txn, query,
-		[]interface{}{
-			roomID, r.Low(), r.High(),
-		},
-		eventFilter.Senders, eventFilter.NotSenders,
-		eventFilter.Types, eventFilter.NotTypes,
-		nil, eventFilter.ContainsURL, eventFilter.Limit+1, FilterOrderDesc,
-	)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, false, fmt.Errorf("s.prepareWithFilters: %w", err)
-	}
-	defer internal.CloseAndLogIfError(ctx, stmt, "selectRecentEvents: stmt.close() failed")
+	result := make(map[string]types.RecentEvents, len(roomIDs))
+	for _, roomID := range roomIDs {
+		stmt, params, err := prepareWithFilters(
+			s.db, txn, query,
+			[]interface{}{
+				roomID, r.Low(), r.High(),
+			},
+			eventFilter.Senders, eventFilter.NotSenders,
+			eventFilter.Types, eventFilter.NotTypes,
+			nil, eventFilter.ContainsURL, eventFilter.Limit+1, FilterOrderDesc,
+		)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("s.prepareWithFilters: %w", err)
+		}
+		defer internal.CloseAndLogIfError(ctx, stmt, "selectRecentEvents: stmt.close() failed")
 
-	rows, err := stmt.QueryContext(ctx, params...)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, false, err
-	}
-	defer internal.CloseAndLogIfError(ctx, rows, "selectRecentEvents: rows.close() failed")
-	events, err := rowsToStreamEvents(rows)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, false, err
-	}
-	if chronologicalOrder {
-		// The events need to be returned from oldest to latest, which isn't
-		// necessary the way the SQL query returns them, so a sort is necessary to
-		// ensure the events are in the right order in the slice.
-		sort.SliceStable(events, func(i int, j int) bool {
-			return events[i].StreamPosition < events[j].StreamPosition
-		})
-	}
-	// we queried for 1 more than the limit, so if we returned one more mark limited=true
-	limited := false
-	if len(events) > eventFilter.Limit {
-		limited = true
-		// re-slice the extra (oldest) event out: in chronological order this is the first entry, else the last.
+		rows, err := stmt.QueryContext(ctx, params...)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		defer internal.CloseAndLogIfError(ctx, rows, "selectRecentEvents: rows.close() failed")
+		events, err := rowsToStreamEvents(rows)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
 		if chronologicalOrder {
-			events = events[1:]
-		} else {
-			events = events[:len(events)-1]
+			// The events need to be returned from oldest to latest, which isn't
+			// necessary the way the SQL query returns them, so a sort is necessary to
+			// ensure the events are in the right order in the slice.
+			sort.SliceStable(events, func(i int, j int) bool {
+				return events[i].StreamPosition < events[j].StreamPosition
+			})
 		}
+		res := types.RecentEvents{}
+		// we queried for 1 more than the limit, so if we returned one more mark limited=true
+		if len(events) > eventFilter.Limit {
+			res.Limited = true
+			// re-slice the extra (oldest) event out: in chronological order this is the first entry, else the last.
+			if chronologicalOrder {
+				events = events[1:]
+			} else {
+				events = events[:len(events)-1]
+			}
+		}
+		res.Events = events
+		result[roomID] = res
 	}
-	return events, limited, nil
+
+	return result, nil
 }
 
 func (s *outputRoomEventsStatements) SelectEarlyEvents(
diff --git a/syncapi/storage/storage_test.go b/syncapi/storage/storage_test.go
index e65367d8..05d498bc 100644
--- a/syncapi/storage/storage_test.go
+++ b/syncapi/storage/storage_test.go
@@ -156,12 +156,12 @@ func TestRecentEventsPDU(t *testing.T) {
 			tc := testCases[i]
 			t.Run(tc.Name, func(st *testing.T) {
 				var filter gomatrixserverlib.RoomEventFilter
-				var gotEvents []types.StreamEvent
+				var gotEvents map[string]types.RecentEvents
 				var limited bool
 				filter.Limit = tc.Limit
 				WithSnapshot(t, db, func(snapshot storage.DatabaseTransaction) {
 					var err error
-					gotEvents, limited, err = snapshot.RecentEvents(ctx, r.ID, types.Range{
+					gotEvents, err = snapshot.RecentEvents(ctx, []string{r.ID}, types.Range{
 						From: tc.From,
 						To:   tc.To,
 					}, &filter, !tc.ReverseOrder, true)
@@ -169,15 +169,18 @@ func TestRecentEventsPDU(t *testing.T) {
 						st.Fatalf("failed to do sync: %s", err)
 					}
 				})
+				streamEvents := gotEvents[r.ID]
+				limited = streamEvents.Limited
 				if limited != tc.WantLimited {
 					st.Errorf("got limited=%v want %v", limited, tc.WantLimited)
 				}
-				if len(gotEvents) != len(tc.WantEvents) {
+				if len(streamEvents.Events) != len(tc.WantEvents) {
 					st.Errorf("got %d events, want %d", len(gotEvents), len(tc.WantEvents))
 				}
-				for j := range gotEvents {
-					if !reflect.DeepEqual(gotEvents[j].JSON(), tc.WantEvents[j].JSON()) {
-						st.Errorf("event %d got %s want %s", j, string(gotEvents[j].JSON()), string(tc.WantEvents[j].JSON()))
+
+				for j := range streamEvents.Events {
+					if !reflect.DeepEqual(streamEvents.Events[j].JSON(), tc.WantEvents[j].JSON()) {
+						st.Errorf("event %d got %s want %s", j, string(streamEvents.Events[j].JSON()), string(tc.WantEvents[j].JSON()))
 					}
 				}
 			})
@@ -923,3 +926,61 @@ func TestRoomSummary(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	})
 }
+
+func TestRecentEvents(t *testing.T) {
+	alice := test.NewUser(t)
+	room1 := test.NewRoom(t, alice)
+	room2 := test.NewRoom(t, alice)
+	roomIDs := []string{room1.ID, room2.ID}
+	rooms := map[string]*test.Room{
+		room1.ID: room1,
+		room2.ID: room2,
+	}
+
+	test.WithAllDatabases(t, func(t *testing.T, dbType test.DBType) {
+		filter := gomatrixserverlib.DefaultRoomEventFilter()
+		db, close, closeBase := MustCreateDatabase(t, dbType)
+		t.Cleanup(func() {
+			close()
+			closeBase()
+		})
+
+		MustWriteEvents(t, db, room1.Events())
+		MustWriteEvents(t, db, room2.Events())
+
+		transaction, err := db.NewDatabaseTransaction(ctx)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		defer transaction.Rollback()
+
+		// get all recent events from 0 to 100 (we only created 5 events, so we should get 5 back)
+		roomEvs, err := transaction.RecentEvents(ctx, roomIDs, types.Range{From: 0, To: 100}, &filter, true, true)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, len(roomEvs), 2, "unexpected recent events response")
+		for _, recentEvents := range roomEvs {
+			assert.Equal(t, 5, len(recentEvents.Events), "unexpected recent events for room")
+		}
+
+		// update the filter to only return one event
+		filter.Limit = 1
+		roomEvs, err = transaction.RecentEvents(ctx, roomIDs, types.Range{From: 0, To: 100}, &filter, true, true)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, len(roomEvs), 2, "unexpected recent events response")
+		for roomID, recentEvents := range roomEvs {
+			origEvents := rooms[roomID].Events()
+			assert.Equal(t, true, recentEvents.Limited, "expected events to be limited")
+			assert.Equal(t, 1, len(recentEvents.Events), "unexpected recent events for room")
+			assert.Equal(t, origEvents[len(origEvents)-1].EventID(), recentEvents.Events[0].EventID())
+		}
+
+		// not chronologically ordered still returns the events in order (given ORDER BY id DESC)
+		roomEvs, err = transaction.RecentEvents(ctx, roomIDs, types.Range{From: 0, To: 100}, &filter, false, true)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, len(roomEvs), 2, "unexpected recent events response")
+		for roomID, recentEvents := range roomEvs {
+			origEvents := rooms[roomID].Events()
+			assert.Equal(t, true, recentEvents.Limited, "expected events to be limited")
+			assert.Equal(t, 1, len(recentEvents.Events), "unexpected recent events for room")
+			assert.Equal(t, origEvents[len(origEvents)-1].EventID(), recentEvents.Events[0].EventID())
+		}
+	})
+}
diff --git a/syncapi/storage/tables/current_room_state_test.go b/syncapi/storage/tables/current_room_state_test.go
index 23287c50..c7af4f97 100644
--- a/syncapi/storage/tables/current_room_state_test.go
+++ b/syncapi/storage/tables/current_room_state_test.go
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/syncapi/storage/tables"
 	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/syncapi/types"
 	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/test"
+	"github.com/matrix-org/gomatrixserverlib"
 )
 
 func newCurrentRoomStateTable(t *testing.T, dbType test.DBType) (tables.CurrentRoomState, *sql.DB, func()) {
@@ -79,6 +80,9 @@ func TestCurrentRoomStateTable(t *testing.T) {
 					return fmt.Errorf("SelectEventsWithEventIDs\nexpected id %q not returned", id)
 				}
 			}
+
+			testCurrentState(t, ctx, txn, tab, room)
+
 			return nil
 		})
 		if err != nil {
@@ -86,3 +90,39 @@ func TestCurrentRoomStateTable(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	})
 }
+
+func testCurrentState(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, txn *sql.Tx, tab tables.CurrentRoomState, room *test.Room) {
+	t.Run("test currentState", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// returns the complete state of the room with a default filter
+		filter := gomatrixserverlib.DefaultStateFilter()
+		evs, err := tab.SelectCurrentState(ctx, txn, room.ID, &filter, nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		expectCount := 5
+		if gotCount := len(evs); gotCount != expectCount {
+			t.Fatalf("expected %d state events, got %d", expectCount, gotCount)
+		}
+		// When lazy loading, we expect no membership event, so only 4 events
+		filter.LazyLoadMembers = true
+		expectCount = 4
+		evs, err = tab.SelectCurrentState(ctx, txn, room.ID, &filter, nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if gotCount := len(evs); gotCount != expectCount {
+			t.Fatalf("expected %d state events, got %d", expectCount, gotCount)
+		}
+		// same as above, but with existing NotTypes defined
+		notTypes := []string{gomatrixserverlib.MRoomMember}
+		filter.NotTypes = &notTypes
+		evs, err = tab.SelectCurrentState(ctx, txn, room.ID, &filter, nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if gotCount := len(evs); gotCount != expectCount {
+			t.Fatalf("expected %d state events, got %d", expectCount, gotCount)
+		}
+	})
+
+}
diff --git a/syncapi/storage/tables/interface.go b/syncapi/storage/tables/interface.go
index 145e197c..727d6bf2 100644
--- a/syncapi/storage/tables/interface.go
+++ b/syncapi/storage/tables/interface.go
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ type Events interface {
 	// SelectRecentEvents returns events between the two stream positions: exclusive of low and inclusive of high.
 	// If onlySyncEvents has a value of true, only returns the events that aren't marked as to exclude from sync.
 	// Returns up to `limit` events. Returns `limited=true` if there are more events in this range but we hit the `limit`.
-	SelectRecentEvents(ctx context.Context, txn *sql.Tx, roomID string, r types.Range, eventFilter *gomatrixserverlib.RoomEventFilter, chronologicalOrder bool, onlySyncEvents bool) ([]types.StreamEvent, bool, error)
+	SelectRecentEvents(ctx context.Context, txn *sql.Tx, roomIDs []string, r types.Range, eventFilter *gomatrixserverlib.RoomEventFilter, chronologicalOrder bool, onlySyncEvents bool) (map[string]types.RecentEvents, error)
 	// SelectEarlyEvents returns the earliest events in the given room.
 	SelectEarlyEvents(ctx context.Context, txn *sql.Tx, roomID string, r types.Range, eventFilter *gomatrixserverlib.RoomEventFilter) ([]types.StreamEvent, error)
 	SelectEvents(ctx context.Context, txn *sql.Tx, eventIDs []string, filter *gomatrixserverlib.RoomEventFilter, preserveOrder bool) ([]types.StreamEvent, error)
diff --git a/syncapi/streams/stream_pdu.go b/syncapi/streams/stream_pdu.go
index 44013e37..6af25c02 100644
--- a/syncapi/streams/stream_pdu.go
+++ b/syncapi/streams/stream_pdu.go
@@ -82,19 +82,24 @@ func (p *PDUStreamProvider) CompleteSync(
 		req.Log.WithError(err).Error("unable to update event filter with ignored users")
 	}
 
-	// Invalidate the lazyLoadCache, otherwise we end up with missing displaynames/avatars
-	// TODO: This might be inefficient, when joined to many and/or large rooms.
+	recentEvents, err := snapshot.RecentEvents(ctx, joinedRoomIDs, r, &eventFilter, true, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		return from
+	}
+	// Build up a /sync response. Add joined rooms.
 	for _, roomID := range joinedRoomIDs {
+		events := recentEvents[roomID]
+		// Invalidate the lazyLoadCache, otherwise we end up with missing displaynames/avatars
+		// TODO: This might be inefficient, when joined to many and/or large rooms.
 		joinedUsers := p.notifier.JoinedUsers(roomID)
 		for _, sharedUser := range joinedUsers {
 			p.lazyLoadCache.InvalidateLazyLoadedUser(req.Device, roomID, sharedUser)
 		}
-	}
 
-	// Build up a /sync response. Add joined rooms.
-	for _, roomID := range joinedRoomIDs {
+		// get the join response for each room
 		jr, jerr := p.getJoinResponseForCompleteSync(
-			ctx, snapshot, roomID, r, &stateFilter, &eventFilter, req.WantFullState, req.Device, false,
+			ctx, snapshot, roomID, &stateFilter, req.WantFullState, req.Device, false,
+			events.Events, events.Limited,
 		)
 		if jerr != nil {
 			req.Log.WithError(jerr).Error("p.getJoinResponseForCompleteSync failed")
@@ -113,11 +118,25 @@ func (p *PDUStreamProvider) CompleteSync(
 		req.Log.WithError(err).Error("p.DB.PeeksInRange failed")
 		return from
 	}
-	for _, peek := range peeks {
-		if !peek.Deleted {
+	if len(peeks) > 0 {
+		peekRooms := make([]string, 0, len(peeks))
+		for _, peek := range peeks {
+			if !peek.Deleted {
+				peekRooms = append(peekRooms, peek.RoomID)
+			}
+		}
+
+		recentEvents, err = snapshot.RecentEvents(ctx, peekRooms, r, &eventFilter, true, true)
+		if err != nil {
+			return from
+		}
+
+		for _, roomID := range peekRooms {
 			var jr *types.JoinResponse
+			events := recentEvents[roomID]
 			jr, err = p.getJoinResponseForCompleteSync(
-				ctx, snapshot, peek.RoomID, r, &stateFilter, &eventFilter, req.WantFullState, req.Device, true,
+				ctx, snapshot, roomID, &stateFilter, req.WantFullState, req.Device, true,
+				events.Events, events.Limited,
 			)
 			if err != nil {
 				req.Log.WithError(err).Error("p.getJoinResponseForCompleteSync failed")
@@ -126,7 +145,7 @@ func (p *PDUStreamProvider) CompleteSync(
 				}
 				continue
 			}
-			req.Response.Rooms.Peek[peek.RoomID] = jr
+			req.Response.Rooms.Peek[roomID] = jr
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -227,7 +246,7 @@ func (p *PDUStreamProvider) addRoomDeltaToResponse(
 	stateFilter *gomatrixserverlib.StateFilter,
 	req *types.SyncRequest,
 ) (types.StreamPosition, error) {
-
+	var err error
 	originalLimit := eventFilter.Limit
 	// If we're going backwards, grep at least X events, this is mostly to satisfy Sytest
 	if r.Backwards && originalLimit < recentEventBackwardsLimit {
@@ -238,8 +257,8 @@ func (p *PDUStreamProvider) addRoomDeltaToResponse(
 		}
 	}
 
-	recentStreamEvents, limited, err := snapshot.RecentEvents(
-		ctx, delta.RoomID, r,
+	dbEvents, err := snapshot.RecentEvents(
+		ctx, []string{delta.RoomID}, r,
 		eventFilter, true, true,
 	)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -248,6 +267,10 @@ func (p *PDUStreamProvider) addRoomDeltaToResponse(
 		}
 		return r.From, fmt.Errorf("p.DB.RecentEvents: %w", err)
 	}
+
+	recentStreamEvents := dbEvents[delta.RoomID].Events
+	limited := dbEvents[delta.RoomID].Limited
+
 	recentEvents := gomatrixserverlib.HeaderedReverseTopologicalOrdering(
 		snapshot.StreamEventsToEvents(device, recentStreamEvents),
 		gomatrixserverlib.TopologicalOrderByPrevEvents,
@@ -420,7 +443,7 @@ func applyHistoryVisibilityFilter(
 		"room_id":  roomID,
 		"before":   len(recentEvents),
 		"after":    len(events),
-	}).Trace("Applied history visibility (sync)")
+	}).Debugf("Applied history visibility (sync)")
 	return events, nil
 }
 
@@ -428,25 +451,16 @@ func (p *PDUStreamProvider) getJoinResponseForCompleteSync(
 	ctx context.Context,
 	snapshot storage.DatabaseTransaction,
 	roomID string,
-	r types.Range,
 	stateFilter *gomatrixserverlib.StateFilter,
-	eventFilter *gomatrixserverlib.RoomEventFilter,
 	wantFullState bool,
 	device *userapi.Device,
 	isPeek bool,
+	recentStreamEvents []types.StreamEvent,
+	limited bool,
 ) (jr *types.JoinResponse, err error) {
 	jr = types.NewJoinResponse()
 	// TODO: When filters are added, we may need to call this multiple times to get enough events.
 	//       See: https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/blob/v0.19.3/synapse/handlers/sync.py#L316
-	recentStreamEvents, limited, err := snapshot.RecentEvents(
-		ctx, roomID, r, eventFilter, true, true,
-	)
-	if err != nil {
-		if err == sql.ErrNoRows {
-			return jr, nil
-		}
-		return
-	}
 
 	// Work our way through the timeline events and pick out the event IDs
 	// of any state events that appear in the timeline. We'll specifically
diff --git a/syncapi/syncapi_test.go b/syncapi/syncapi_test.go
index 666a872f..643c3026 100644
--- a/syncapi/syncapi_test.go
+++ b/syncapi/syncapi_test.go
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/syncapi/routing"
 	"github.com/matrix-org/gomatrixserverlib"
 	"github.com/nats-io/nats.go"
 	"github.com/tidwall/gjson"
@@ -448,6 +449,7 @@ func testHistoryVisibility(t *testing.T, dbType test.DBType) {
 				base.PublicClientAPIMux.ServeHTTP(w, test.NewRequest(t, "GET", fmt.Sprintf("/_matrix/client/v3/rooms/%s/messages", room.ID), test.WithQueryParams(map[string]string{
 					"access_token": bobDev.AccessToken,
 					"dir":          "b",
+					"filter":       `{"lazy_load_members":true}`, // check that lazy loading doesn't break history visibility
 				})))
 				if w.Code != 200 {
 					t.Logf("%s", w.Body.String())
@@ -905,6 +907,177 @@ func testSendToDevice(t *testing.T, dbType test.DBType) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestContext(t *testing.T) {
+	test.WithAllDatabases(t, testContext)
+}
+
+func testContext(t *testing.T, dbType test.DBType) {
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name             string
+		roomID           string
+		eventID          string
+		params           map[string]string
+		wantError        bool
+		wantStateLength  int
+		wantBeforeLength int
+		wantAfterLength  int
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "invalid filter",
+			params: map[string]string{
+				"filter": "{",
+			},
+			wantError: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "invalid limit",
+			params: map[string]string{
+				"limit": "abc",
+			},
+			wantError: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "high limit",
+			params: map[string]string{
+				"limit": "100000",
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "fine limit",
+			params: map[string]string{
+				"limit": "10",
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "last event without lazy loading",
+			wantStateLength: 5,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "last event with lazy loading",
+			params: map[string]string{
+				"filter": `{"lazy_load_members":true}`,
+			},
+			wantStateLength: 1,
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "invalid room",
+			roomID:    "!doesnotexist",
+			wantError: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "invalid eventID",
+			eventID:   "$doesnotexist",
+			wantError: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "state is limited",
+			params: map[string]string{
+				"limit": "1",
+			},
+			wantStateLength: 1,
+		},
+		{
+			name:             "events are not limited",
+			wantBeforeLength: 7,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "all events are limited",
+			params: map[string]string{
+				"limit": "1",
+			},
+			wantStateLength:  1,
+			wantBeforeLength: 1,
+			wantAfterLength:  1,
+		},
+	}
+
+	user := test.NewUser(t)
+	alice := userapi.Device{
+		ID:          "ALICEID",
+		UserID:      user.ID,
+		AccessToken: "ALICE_BEARER_TOKEN",
+		DisplayName: "Alice",
+		AccountType: userapi.AccountTypeUser,
+	}
+
+	base, baseClose := testrig.CreateBaseDendrite(t, dbType)
+	defer baseClose()
+
+	// Use an actual roomserver for this
+	rsAPI := roomserver.NewInternalAPI(base)
+	rsAPI.SetFederationAPI(nil, nil)
+
+	AddPublicRoutes(base, &syncUserAPI{accounts: []userapi.Device{alice}}, rsAPI, &syncKeyAPI{})
+
+	room := test.NewRoom(t, user)
+
+	room.CreateAndInsert(t, user, "m.room.message", map[string]interface{}{"body": "hello world 1!"})
+	room.CreateAndInsert(t, user, "m.room.message", map[string]interface{}{"body": "hello world 2!"})
+	thirdMsg := room.CreateAndInsert(t, user, "m.room.message", map[string]interface{}{"body": "hello world3!"})
+	room.CreateAndInsert(t, user, "m.room.message", map[string]interface{}{"body": "hello world4!"})
+
+	if err := api.SendEvents(context.Background(), rsAPI, api.KindNew, room.Events(), "test", "test", "test", nil, false); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to send events: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	jsctx, _ := base.NATS.Prepare(base.ProcessContext, &base.Cfg.Global.JetStream)
+	defer jetstream.DeleteAllStreams(jsctx, &base.Cfg.Global.JetStream)
+
+	syncUntil(t, base, alice.AccessToken, false, func(syncBody string) bool {
+		// wait for the last sent eventID to come down sync
+		path := fmt.Sprintf(`rooms.join.%s.timeline.events.#(event_id=="%s")`, room.ID, thirdMsg.EventID())
+		return gjson.Get(syncBody, path).Exists()
+	})
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			params := map[string]string{
+				"access_token": alice.AccessToken,
+			}
+			w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+			// test overrides
+			roomID := room.ID
+			if tc.roomID != "" {
+				roomID = tc.roomID
+			}
+			eventID := thirdMsg.EventID()
+			if tc.eventID != "" {
+				eventID = tc.eventID
+			}
+			requestPath := fmt.Sprintf("/_matrix/client/v3/rooms/%s/context/%s", roomID, eventID)
+			if tc.params != nil {
+				for k, v := range tc.params {
+					params[k] = v
+				}
+			}
+			base.PublicClientAPIMux.ServeHTTP(w, test.NewRequest(t, "GET", requestPath, test.WithQueryParams(params)))
+
+			if tc.wantError && w.Code == 200 {
+				t.Fatalf("Expected an error, but got none")
+			}
+			t.Log(w.Body.String())
+			resp := routing.ContextRespsonse{}
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(w.Body.Bytes(), &resp); err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			if tc.wantStateLength > 0 && tc.wantStateLength != len(resp.State) {
+				t.Fatalf("expected %d state events, got %d", tc.wantStateLength, len(resp.State))
+			}
+			if tc.wantBeforeLength > 0 && tc.wantBeforeLength != len(resp.EventsBefore) {
+				t.Fatalf("expected %d before events, got %d", tc.wantBeforeLength, len(resp.EventsBefore))
+			}
+			if tc.wantAfterLength > 0 && tc.wantAfterLength != len(resp.EventsAfter) {
+				t.Fatalf("expected %d after events, got %d", tc.wantAfterLength, len(resp.EventsAfter))
+			}
+
+			if !tc.wantError && resp.Event.EventID != eventID {
+				t.Fatalf("unexpected eventID %s, expected %s", resp.Event.EventID, eventID)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func syncUntil(t *testing.T,
 	base *base.BaseDendrite, accessToken string,
 	skip bool,
diff --git a/syncapi/types/types.go b/syncapi/types/types.go
index 9fbadc06..6495dd53 100644
--- a/syncapi/types/types.go
+++ b/syncapi/types/types.go
@@ -63,6 +63,11 @@ type StreamEvent struct {
 	ExcludeFromSync bool
 }
 
+type RecentEvents struct {
+	Limited bool
+	Events  []StreamEvent
+}
+
 // Range represents a range between two stream positions.
 type Range struct {
 	// From is the position the client has already received.