path: root/src/coins.cpp

// Copyright (c) 2012-2016 The Bitcoin Core developers
// Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
// file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.

#include "coins.h"

#include "consensus/consensus.h"
#include "memusage.h"
#include "random.h"

#include <assert.h>

/**
 * calculate number of bytes for the bitmask, and its number of non-zero bytes
 * each bit in the bitmask represents the availability of one output, but the
 * availabilities of the first two outputs are encoded separately
 */
void CCoins::CalcMaskSize(unsigned int &nBytes, unsigned int &nNonzeroBytes) const {
    unsigned int nLastUsedByte = 0;
    for (unsigned int b = 0; 2+b*8 < vout.size(); b++) {
        bool fZero = true;
        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 8 && 2+b*8+i < vout.size(); i++) {
            if (!vout[2+b*8+i].IsNull()) {
                fZero = false;
                continue;
            }
        }
        if (!fZero) {
            nLastUsedByte = b + 1;
            nNonzeroBytes++;
        }
    }
    nBytes += nLastUsedByte;
}

bool CCoins::Spend(uint32_t nPos) 
{
    if (nPos >= vout.size() || vout[nPos].IsNull())
        return false;
    vout[nPos].SetNull();
    Cleanup();
    return true;
}

bool CCoinsView::GetCoins(const uint256 &txid, CCoins &coins) const { return false; }
bool CCoinsView::HaveCoins(const uint256 &txid) const { return false; }
uint256 CCoinsView::GetBestBlock() const { return uint256(); }
bool CCoinsView::BatchWrite(CCoinsMap &mapCoins, const uint256 &hashBlock) { return false; }
CCoinsViewCursor *CCoinsView::Cursor() const { return 0; }


CCoinsViewBacked::CCoinsViewBacked(CCoinsView *viewIn) : base(viewIn) { }
bool CCoinsViewBacked::GetCoins(const uint256 &txid, CCoins &coins) const { return base->GetCoins(txid, coins); }
bool CCoinsViewBacked::HaveCoins(const uint256 &txid) const { return base->HaveCoins(txid); }
uint256 CCoinsViewBacked::GetBestBlock() const { return base->GetBestBlock(); }
void CCoinsViewBacked::SetBackend(CCoinsView &viewIn) { base = &viewIn; }
bool CCoinsViewBacked::BatchWrite(CCoinsMap &mapCoins, const uint256 &hashBlock) { return base->BatchWrite(mapCoins, hashBlock); }
CCoinsViewCursor *CCoinsViewBacked::Cursor() const { return base->Cursor(); }
size_t CCoinsViewBacked::EstimateSize() const { return base->EstimateSize(); }

SaltedTxidHasher::SaltedTxidHasher() : k0(GetRand(std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max())), k1(GetRand(std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max())) {}

CCoinsViewCache::CCoinsViewCache(CCoinsView *baseIn) : CCoinsViewBacked(baseIn), hasModifier(false), cachedCoinsUsage(0) { }

CCoinsViewCache::~CCoinsViewCache()
{
    assert(!hasModifier);
}

size_t CCoinsViewCache::DynamicMemoryUsage() const {
    return memusage::DynamicUsage(cacheCoins) + cachedCoinsUsage;
}

CCoinsMap::iterator CCoinsViewCache::FetchCoins(const uint256 &txid) const {
    CCoinsMap::iterator it = cacheCoins.find(txid);
    if (it != cacheCoins.end())
        return it;
    CCoins tmp;
    if (!base->GetCoins(txid, tmp))
        return cacheCoins.end();
    CCoinsMap::iterator ret = cacheCoins.insert(std::make_pair(txid, CCoinsCacheEntry())).first;
    tmp.swap(ret->second.coins);
    if (ret->second.coins.IsPruned()) {
        // The parent only has an empty entry for this txid; we can consider our
        // version as fresh.
        ret->second.flags = CCoinsCacheEntry::FRESH;
    }
    cachedCoinsUsage += ret->second.coins.DynamicMemoryUsage();
    return ret;
}

bool CCoinsViewCache::GetCoins(const uint256 &txid, CCoins &coins) const {
    CCoinsMap::const_iterator it = FetchCoins(txid);
    if (it != cacheCoins.end()) {
        coins = it->second.coins;
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

CCoinsModifier CCoinsViewCache::ModifyCoins(const uint256 &txid) {
    assert(!hasModifier);
    std::pair<CCoinsMap::iterator, bool> ret = cacheCoins.insert(std::make_pair(txid, CCoinsCacheEntry()));
    size_t cachedCoinUsage = 0;
    if (ret.second) {
        if (!base->GetCoins(txid, ret.first->second.coins)) {
            // The parent view does not have this entry; mark it as fresh.
            ret.first->second.coins.Clear();
            ret.first->second.flags = CCoinsCacheEntry::FRESH;
        } else if (ret.first->second.coins.IsPruned()) {
            // The parent view only has a pruned entry for this; mark it as fresh.
            ret.first->second.flags = CCoinsCacheEntry::FRESH;
        }
    } else {
        cachedCoinUsage = ret.first->second.coins.DynamicMemoryUsage();
    }
    // Assume that whenever ModifyCoins is called, the entry will be modified.
    ret.first->second.flags |= CCoinsCacheEntry::DIRTY;
    return CCoinsModifier(*this, ret.first, cachedCoinUsage);
}

/* ModifyNewCoins allows for faster coin modification when creating the new
 * outputs from a transaction.  It assumes that BIP 30 (no duplicate txids)
 * applies and has already been tested for (or the test is not required due to
 * BIP 34, height in coinbase).  If we can assume BIP 30 then we know that any
 * non-coinbase transaction we are adding to the UTXO must not already exist in
 * the utxo unless it is fully spent.  Thus we can check only if it exists DIRTY
 * at the current level of the cache, in which case it is not safe to mark it
 * FRESH (b/c then its spentness still needs to flushed).  If it's not dirty and
 * doesn't exist or is pruned in the current cache, we know it either doesn't
 * exist or is pruned in parent caches, which is the definition of FRESH.  The
 * exception to this is the two historical violations of BIP 30 in the chain,
 * both of which were coinbases.  We do not mark these fresh so we we can ensure
 * that they will still be properly overwritten when spent.
 */
CCoinsModifier CCoinsViewCache::ModifyNewCoins(const uint256 &txid, bool coinbase) {
    assert(!hasModifier);
    std::pair<CCoinsMap::iterator, bool> ret = cacheCoins.insert(std::make_pair(txid, CCoinsCacheEntry()));
    if (!coinbase) {
        // New coins must not already exist.
        if (!ret.first->second.coins.IsPruned())
            throw std::logic_error("ModifyNewCoins should not find pre-existing coins on a non-coinbase unless they are pruned!");

        if (!(ret.first->second.flags & CCoinsCacheEntry::DIRTY)) {
            // If the coin is known to be pruned (have no unspent outputs) in
            // the current view and the cache entry is not dirty, we know the
            // coin also must be pruned in the parent view as well, so it is safe
            // to mark this fresh.
            ret.first->second.flags |= CCoinsCacheEntry::FRESH;
        }
    }
    ret.first->second.coins.Clear();
    ret.first->second.flags |= CCoinsCacheEntry::DIRTY;
    return CCoinsModifier(*this, ret.first, 0);
}

void CCoinsViewCache::AddCoin(const COutPoint &outpoint, Coin&& coin, bool possible_overwrite) {
    assert(!coin.IsPruned());
    if (coin.out.scriptPubKey.IsUnspendable()) return;
    CCoinsMap::iterator it;
    bool inserted;
    std::tie(it, inserted) = cacheCoins.emplace(std::piecewise_construct, std::forward_as_tuple(outpoint.hash), std::tuple<>());
    bool fresh = false;
    if (!inserted) {
        cachedCoinsUsage -= it->second.coins.DynamicMemoryUsage();
    }
    if (!possible_overwrite) {
        if (it->second.coins.IsAvailable(outpoint.n)) {
            throw std::logic_error("Adding new coin that replaces non-pruned entry");
        }
        fresh = it->second.coins.IsPruned() && !(it->second.flags & CCoinsCacheEntry::DIRTY);
    }
    if (it->second.coins.vout.size() <= outpoint.n) {
        it->second.coins.vout.resize(outpoint.n + 1);
    }
    it->second.coins.vout[outpoint.n] = std::move(coin.out);
    it->second.coins.nHeight = coin.nHeight;
    it->second.coins.fCoinBase = coin.fCoinBase;
    it->second.flags |= CCoinsCacheEntry::DIRTY | (fresh ? CCoinsCacheEntry::FRESH : 0);
    cachedCoinsUsage += it->second.coins.DynamicMemoryUsage();
}

void AddCoins(CCoinsViewCache& cache, const CTransaction &tx, int nHeight) {
    bool fCoinbase = tx.IsCoinBase();
    const uint256& txid = tx.GetHash();
    for (size_t i = 0; i < tx.vout.size(); ++i) {
        // Pass fCoinbase as the possible_overwrite flag to AddCoin, in order to correctly
        // deal with the pre-BIP30 occurrances of duplicate coinbase transactions.
        cache.AddCoin(COutPoint(txid, i), Coin(tx.vout[i], nHeight, fCoinbase), fCoinbase);
    }
}

void CCoinsViewCache::SpendCoin(const COutPoint &outpoint, Coin* moveout) {
    CCoinsMap::iterator it = FetchCoins(outpoint.hash);
    if (it == cacheCoins.end()) return;
    cachedCoinsUsage -= it->second.coins.DynamicMemoryUsage();
    if (moveout && it->second.coins.IsAvailable(outpoint.n)) {
        *moveout = Coin(it->second.coins.vout[outpoint.n], it->second.coins.nHeight, it->second.coins.fCoinBase);
    }
    it->second.coins.Spend(outpoint.n); // Ignore return value: SpendCoin has no effect if no UTXO found.
    if (it->second.coins.IsPruned() && it->second.flags & CCoinsCacheEntry::FRESH) {
        cacheCoins.erase(it);
    } else {
        cachedCoinsUsage += it->second.coins.DynamicMemoryUsage();
        it->second.flags |= CCoinsCacheEntry::DIRTY;
    }
}

const CCoins* CCoinsViewCache::AccessCoins(const uint256 &txid) const {
    CCoinsMap::const_iterator it = FetchCoins(txid);
    if (it == cacheCoins.end()) {
        return NULL;
    } else {
        return &it->second.coins;
    }
}

static const Coin coinEmpty;

const Coin CCoinsViewCache::AccessCoin(const COutPoint &outpoint) const {
    CCoinsMap::const_iterator it = FetchCoins(outpoint.hash);
    if (it == cacheCoins.end() || !it->second.coins.IsAvailable(outpoint.n)) {
        return coinEmpty;
    } else {
        return Coin(it->second.coins.vout[outpoint.n], it->second.coins.nHeight, it->second.coins.fCoinBase);
    }
}


bool CCoinsViewCache::HaveCoins(const uint256 &txid) const {
    CCoinsMap::const_iterator it = FetchCoins(txid);
    // We're using vtx.empty() instead of IsPruned here for performance reasons,
    // as we only care about the case where a transaction was replaced entirely
    // in a reorganization (which wipes vout entirely, as opposed to spending
    // which just cleans individual outputs).
    return (it != cacheCoins.end() && !it->second.coins.vout.empty());
}

bool CCoinsViewCache::HaveCoins(const COutPoint &outpoint) const {
    CCoinsMap::const_iterator it = FetchCoins(outpoint.hash);
    return (it != cacheCoins.end() && it->second.coins.IsAvailable(outpoint.n));
}

bool CCoinsViewCache::HaveCoinsInCache(const uint256 &txid) const {
    CCoinsMap::const_iterator it = cacheCoins.find(txid);
    return it != cacheCoins.end();
}

uint256 CCoinsViewCache::GetBestBlock() const {
    if (hashBlock.IsNull())
        hashBlock = base->GetBestBlock();
    return hashBlock;
}

void CCoinsViewCache::SetBestBlock(const uint256 &hashBlockIn) {
    hashBlock = hashBlockIn;
}

bool CCoinsViewCache::BatchWrite(CCoinsMap &mapCoins, const uint256 &hashBlockIn) {
    assert(!hasModifier);
    for (CCoinsMap::iterator it = mapCoins.begin(); it != mapCoins.end();) {
        if (it->second.flags & CCoinsCacheEntry::DIRTY) { // Ignore non-dirty entries (optimization).
            CCoinsMap::iterator itUs = cacheCoins.find(it->first);
            if (itUs == cacheCoins.end()) {
                // The parent cache does not have an entry, while the child does
                // We can ignore it if it's both FRESH and pruned in the child
                if (!(it->second.flags & CCoinsCacheEntry::FRESH && it->second.coins.IsPruned())) {
                    // Otherwise we will need to create it in the parent
                    // and move the data up and mark it as dirty
                    CCoinsCacheEntry& entry = cacheCoins[it->first];
                    entry.coins.swap(it->second.coins);
                    cachedCoinsUsage += entry.coins.DynamicMemoryUsage();
                    entry.flags = CCoinsCacheEntry::DIRTY;
                    // We can mark it FRESH in the parent if it was FRESH in the child
                    // Otherwise it might have just been flushed from the parent's cache
                    // and already exist in the grandparent
                    if (it->second.flags & CCoinsCacheEntry::FRESH)
                        entry.flags |= CCoinsCacheEntry::FRESH;
                }
            } else {
                // Assert that the child cache entry was not marked FRESH if the
                // parent cache entry has unspent outputs. If this ever happens,
                // it means the FRESH flag was misapplied and there is a logic
                // error in the calling code.
                if ((it->second.flags & CCoinsCacheEntry::FRESH) && !itUs->second.coins.IsPruned())
                    throw std::logic_error("FRESH flag misapplied to cache entry for base transaction with spendable outputs");

                // Found the entry in the parent cache
                if ((itUs->second.flags & CCoinsCacheEntry::FRESH) && it->second.coins.IsPruned()) {
                    // The grandparent does not have an entry, and the child is
                    // modified and being pruned. This means we can just delete
                    // it from the parent.
                    cachedCoinsUsage -= itUs->second.coins.DynamicMemoryUsage();
                    cacheCoins.erase(itUs);
                } else {
                    // A normal modification.
                    cachedCoinsUsage -= itUs->second.coins.DynamicMemoryUsage();
                    itUs->second.coins.swap(it->second.coins);
                    cachedCoinsUsage += itUs->second.coins.DynamicMemoryUsage();
                    itUs->second.flags |= CCoinsCacheEntry::DIRTY;
                    // NOTE: It is possible the child has a FRESH flag here in
                    // the event the entry we found in the parent is pruned. But
                    // we must not copy that FRESH flag to the parent as that
                    // pruned state likely still needs to be communicated to the
                    // grandparent.
                }
            }
        }
        CCoinsMap::iterator itOld = it++;
        mapCoins.erase(itOld);
    }
    hashBlock = hashBlockIn;
    return true;
}

bool CCoinsViewCache::Flush() {
    bool fOk = base->BatchWrite(cacheCoins, hashBlock);
    cacheCoins.clear();
    cachedCoinsUsage = 0;
    return fOk;
}

void CCoinsViewCache::Uncache(const uint256& hash)
{
    CCoinsMap::iterator it = cacheCoins.find(hash);
    if (it != cacheCoins.end() && it->second.flags == 0) {
        cachedCoinsUsage -= it->second.coins.DynamicMemoryUsage();
        cacheCoins.erase(it);
    }
}

unsigned int CCoinsViewCache::GetCacheSize() const {
    return cacheCoins.size();
}

const CTxOut &CCoinsViewCache::GetOutputFor(const CTxIn& input) const
{
    const CCoins* coins = AccessCoins(input.prevout.hash);
    assert(coins && coins->IsAvailable(input.prevout.n));
    return coins->vout[input.prevout.n];
}

CAmount CCoinsViewCache::GetValueIn(const CTransaction& tx) const
{
    if (tx.IsCoinBase())
        return 0;

    CAmount nResult = 0;
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < tx.vin.size(); i++)
        nResult += GetOutputFor(tx.vin[i]).nValue;

    return nResult;
}

bool CCoinsViewCache::HaveInputs(const CTransaction& tx) const
{
    if (!tx.IsCoinBase()) {
        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < tx.vin.size(); i++) {
            const COutPoint &prevout = tx.vin[i].prevout;
            const CCoins* coins = AccessCoins(prevout.hash);
            if (!coins || !coins->IsAvailable(prevout.n)) {
                return false;
            }
        }
    }
    return true;
}

CCoinsModifier::CCoinsModifier(CCoinsViewCache& cache_, CCoinsMap::iterator it_, size_t usage) : cache(cache_), it(it_), cachedCoinUsage(usage) {
    assert(!cache.hasModifier);
    cache.hasModifier = true;
}

CCoinsModifier::~CCoinsModifier()
{
    assert(cache.hasModifier);
    cache.hasModifier = false;
    it->second.coins.Cleanup();
    cache.cachedCoinsUsage -= cachedCoinUsage; // Subtract the old usage
    if ((it->second.flags & CCoinsCacheEntry::FRESH) && it->second.coins.IsPruned()) {
        cache.cacheCoins.erase(it);
    } else {
        // If the coin still exists after the modification, add the new usage
        cache.cachedCoinsUsage += it->second.coins.DynamicMemoryUsage();
    }
}

CCoinsViewCursor::~CCoinsViewCursor()
{
}

static const size_t MAX_OUTPUTS_PER_BLOCK = MAX_BLOCK_BASE_SIZE /  ::GetSerializeSize(CTxOut(), SER_NETWORK, PROTOCOL_VERSION); // TODO: merge with similar definition in undo.h.

const Coin AccessByTxid(const CCoinsViewCache& view, const uint256& txid)
{
    COutPoint iter(txid, 0);
    while (iter.n < MAX_OUTPUTS_PER_BLOCK) {
        const Coin& alternate = view.AccessCoin(iter);
        if (!alternate.IsPruned()) return alternate;
        ++iter.n;
    }
    return coinEmpty;
}