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path: root/src/script/interpreter.cpp
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2021-03-01Correction for VerifyTaprootCommitment commentsRussell O'Connor
According to BIP-341, 'p' is called the taproot *internal* key, not inner key.
2020-12-06Don't declare de facto const member functions as non-constpracticalswift
2020-11-26Add comments to VerifyTaprootCommitmentPieter Wuille
2020-10-12Implement Tapscript script validation rules (BIP 342)Johnson Lau
This adds a new `SigVersion::TAPSCRIPT`, makes the necessary interpreter changes to make it implement BIP342, and uses them for leaf version 0xc0 in Taproot script path spends.
2020-10-12Use ScriptExecutionData to pass through annex hashPieter Wuille
Instead of recomputing the annex hash every time a signature is verified, compute it once and cache it in a new ScriptExecutionData structure.
2020-10-12Implement Taproot validation (BIP 341)Pieter Wuille
This includes key path spending and script path spending, but not the Tapscript execution implementation (leaf 0xc0 remains unemcumbered in this commit). Includes constants for various aspects of the consensus rules suggested by Jeremy Rubin.
2020-10-12Support for Schnorr signatures and integration in SignatureCheckers (BIP 340)Pieter Wuille
This enables the schnorrsig module in libsecp256k1, adds the relevant types and functions to src/pubkey, as well as in higher-level `SignatureChecker` classes. The (verification side of the) BIP340 test vectors is also added.
2020-10-12Implement Taproot signature hashing (BIP 341)Johnson Lau
This implements the new sighashing scheme from BIP341, with all relevant whole-transaction values precomputed once and cached. Includes changes to PrecomputedTransactionData by Pieter Wuille.
2020-10-12refactor: keep spent outputs in PrecomputedTransactionDataPieter Wuille
A BIP-341 signature message may commit to the scriptPubKeys and amounts of all spent outputs (including other ones than the input being signed for spends), so keep them available to signature hashing code.
2020-10-06refactor: rename scriptPubKey in VerifyWitnessProgram to exec_scriptPieter Wuille
The old name is confusing, as it doesn't store a scriptPubKey, but the actually executed script.
2020-10-06scripted-diff: put ECDSA in name of signature functionsPieter Wuille
In preparation for adding Schnorr versions of `CheckSig`, `VerifySignature`, and `ComputeEntry`, give them an ECDSA specific name. -BEGIN VERIFY SCRIPT- sed -i 's/CheckSig(/CheckECDSASignature(/g' $(git grep -l CheckSig ./src) sed -i 's/VerifySignature(/VerifyECDSASignature(/g' $(git grep -l VerifySignature ./src) sed -i 's/ComputeEntry(/ComputeEntryECDSA(/g' $(git grep -l ComputeEntry ./src) -END VERIFY SCRIPT-
2020-09-28scripted-diff: Replace UINT256_ONE() with uint256::ONEAnthony Towns
-BEGIN VERIFY SCRIPT- sed -i '/inline.* UINT256_ONE() {/,+1d' src/uint256.h sed -i 's/UINT256_ONE()/uint256::ONE/' $(git grep -l UINT256_ONE) -END VERIFY SCRIPT-
2020-08-07Refactor Get{Prevout,Sequence,Outputs}Hash to ↵Jeremy Rubin
Get{Prevouts,Sequences,Outputs}SHA256. Several proposals (Taproot, MuHash, CTV) require access to the single hash.
2020-07-30Make CHash256/CHash160 output to SpanPieter Wuille
2020-07-30Make CHash256 and CHash160 consume SpansPieter Wuille
2020-05-12Simplify usage of Span in several placesPieter Wuille
2020-04-16scripted-diff: Bump copyright headersMarcoFalke
-BEGIN VERIFY SCRIPT- ./contrib/devtools/copyright_header.py update ./ -END VERIFY SCRIPT-
2020-04-16Merge #18401: Refactor: Initialize PrecomputedTransactionData in ↵MarcoFalke
CheckInputScripts f63dec189c3c8eee1ab2187681d5d0b2513b1b2e [REFACTOR] Initialize PrecomputedTransactionData in CheckInputScripts (Pieter Wuille) Pull request description: This is a single commit taken from the Schnorr/Taproot PR #17977. Add a default constructor to `PrecomputedTransactionData`, which doesn't initialize the struct's members. Instead they're initialized inside the `CheckInputScripts()` function. This allows a later commit to add the spent UTXOs to that structure. The spent UTXOs are required for the schnorr signature hash, since it commits to the scriptPubKeys. See https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0341.mediawiki#common-signature-message for details. By itself, this isn't really an improvement to the code, but I think it makes sense to separate out the refactor/moveonly commits from PR #17977 so that PR is only the logical changes needed for Schnorr/Taproot. ACKs for top commit: jonatack: Re-ACK f63dec1 `git diff 851908d f63dec1` shows no change since last ACK. sipa: utACK f63dec189c3c8eee1ab2187681d5d0b2513b1b2e theStack: re-ACK f63dec189c3c8eee1ab2187681d5d0b2513b1b2e fjahr: Re-ACK f63dec189c3c8eee1ab2187681d5d0b2513b1b2e ariard: Code Review ACK f63dec1 Tree-SHA512: ecf9154077824ae4c274b4341e985797f3648c0cb0c31cb25ce382163b923a3acbc7048683720be4ae3663501801129cd0f48c441a36f049cc304ebe9f30994e
2020-04-11[REFACTOR] Initialize PrecomputedTransactionData in CheckInputScriptsPieter Wuille
Add a default constructor to `PrecomputedTransactionData`, which doesn't initialize the struct's members. Instead they're initialized inside the `CheckInputScripts()` function. This allows a later commit to add the spent UTXOs to that structure.
2020-04-10Merge #18422: [consensus] MOVEONLY: Move single-sig checking EvalScript code ↵MarcoFalke
to EvalChecksig 14e8cf974a7a317796ef8e97e5cf9c355ceff0ee [consensus] MOVEONLY: Move single-sig checking EvalScript code to EvalChecksig (Pieter Wuille) Pull request description: This is another small refactor pulled out of the Schnorr/Taproot PR #17977. This is in preparation for adding different signature verification rules, specifically tapscript (BIP 342), which interprets opcode 0xac and 0xad as Schnorr signature verifications. ACKs for top commit: sipa: ACK 14e8cf974a7a317796ef8e97e5cf9c355ceff0ee, verified move-only. MarcoFalke: ACK 14e8cf974a7a317796ef8e97e5cf9c355ceff0ee, reviewed with "git show 14e8cf974a7a317796ef8e97e5cf9c355ceff0ee --color-moved=dimmed-zebra --color-moved-ws=ignore-all-space -W" 👆 fjahr: Code-review ACK 14e8cf974a7a317796ef8e97e5cf9c355ceff0ee, verified that it's move-only. instagibbs: code review ACK https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/18422/commits/14e8cf974a7a317796ef8e97e5cf9c355ceff0ee, verified move-only theStack: Code-Review ACK https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/commit/14e8cf974a7a317796ef8e97e5cf9c355ceff0ee jonatack: ACK 14e8cf974a7a317796ef8e97e5cf9c355ceff0ee Tree-SHA512: af2efce9ae39d5ec01db5b9ef0ff383fe252ef5f33b3483927308ae17d91a619266cb45951f32ea1ce54807a4c0f052bcdefb47e244465d3a726393221c227b1
2020-03-24[consensus] MOVEONLY: Move single-sig checking EvalScript code to EvalChecksigPieter Wuille
This is in preparation for adding different signature verification rules, specifically tapscript (BIP 342), which interprets opcode 0xac and 0xad as Schnorr signature verifications.
2020-03-23Make VerifyWitnessProgram use a Span stackPieter Wuille
This allows for very cheap transformations on the range of elements that are to be passed to ExecuteWitnessScript.
2020-03-14Merge #16902: O(1) OP_IF/NOTIF/ELSE/ENDIF script implementationWladimir J. van der Laan
e6e622e5a0e22c2ac1b50b96af818e412d67ac54 Implement O(1) OP_IF/NOTIF/ELSE/ENDIF logic (Pieter Wuille) d0e8f4d5d8ddaccb37f98b7989fb944081e41ab8 [refactor] interpreter: define interface for vfExec (Anthony Towns) 89fb241c54fc85befacfa3703d8e21bf3b8a76eb Benchmark script verification with 100 nested IFs (Pieter Wuille) Pull request description: While investigating what mechanisms are possible to maximize the per-opcode verification cost of scripts, I noticed that the logic for determining whether a particular opcode is to be executed is O(n) in the nesting depth. This issue was also pointed out by Sergio Demian Lerner in https://bitslog.wordpress.com/2017/04/17/new-quadratic-delays-in-bitcoin-scripts/, and this PR implements a variant of the O(1) algorithm suggested there. This is not a problem currently, because even with a nesting depth of 100 (the maximum possible right now due to the 201 ops limit), the slowdown caused by this on my machine is around 70 ns per opcode (or 0.25 s per block) at worst, far lower than what is possible with other opcodes. This PR mostly serves as a proof of concept that it's possible to avoid it, which may be relevant in discussions around increasing the opcode limits in future script versions. Without it, the execution time of scripts can grow quadratically with the nesting depth, which very quickly becomes unreasonable. This improves upon #14245 by completely removing the `vfExec` vector. ACKs for top commit: jnewbery: Code review ACK e6e622e5a0e22c2ac1b50b96af818e412d67ac54 MarcoFalke: ACK e6e622e5a0e22c2ac1b50b96af818e412d67ac54 🐴 fjahr: ACK e6e622e5a0e22c2ac1b50b96af818e412d67ac54 ajtowns: ACK e6e622e5a0e22c2ac1b50b96af818e412d67ac54 laanwj: concept and code review ACK e6e622e5a0e22c2ac1b50b96af818e412d67ac54 jonatack: ACK e6e622e5a0e22c2ac1b50b96af818e412d67ac54 code review, build, benches, fuzzing Tree-SHA512: 1dcfac3411ff04773de461959298a177f951cb5f706caa2734073bcec62224d7cd103767cfeef85cd129813e70c14c74fa8f1e38e4da70ec38a0f615aab1f7f7
2020-02-12[REFACTOR] Abstract out script execution out of VerifyWitnessProgram()Pieter Wuille
This removes the unclear reliance on "falling through" to get to the script execution part. Also fix some code style issues.
2020-01-23refactor: define a UINT256_ONE global constantAndrew Chow
Instead of having a uint256 representations of one scattered throughout where it is used, define it globally in uint256.h
2019-12-30scripted-diff: Bump copyright of files changed in 2019MarcoFalke
-BEGIN VERIFY SCRIPT- ./contrib/devtools/copyright_header.py update ./ -END VERIFY SCRIPT-
2019-11-20Merge #12461: scripted-diff: Rename key size consts to be relative to their ↵Wladimir J. van der Laan
class 0580f86bb48004b797d4cb6273e7ffee0b0a0584 Fixup whitespace (Ben Woosley) 47101bbb27d0e13ea2b40ce1c7ff0dba9030f369 scripted-diff: Rename CPubKey and CKey::*_KEY_SIZE and COMPRESSED_*_KEY_SIZE (Ben Woosley) Pull request description: ~~And introduce CPubKeySig to host code relative to key sigs.~~ ACKs for top commit: meshcollider: utACK https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/12461/commits/0580f86bb48004b797d4cb6273e7ffee0b0a0584 Tree-SHA512: 29aa0be54912358b138e391b9db78639786f56580493e590ec9f773c0e1b421740133d05a79be247c7ee57e71c9c9e41b9cb54088cb3c0e3f813f74f0895287b
2019-11-07Implement O(1) OP_IF/NOTIF/ELSE/ENDIF logicPieter Wuille
This optimization was first suggested by Sergio Demian Lerner in https://bitslog.wordpress.com/2017/04/17/new-quadratic-delays-in-bitcoin-scripts/. The implementation follows the suggested approach there, but with a slightly simpler representation.
2019-11-07[refactor] interpreter: define interface for vfExecAnthony Towns
Includes comments added by Pieter Wuille.
2019-09-18Merge #14696: qa: Add explicit references to related CVE's in ↵Wladimir J. van der Laan
p2p_invalid_block test. 0c62e3aa73839e97e65a3155e06a98d84b700a1e New regression testing for CVE-2018-17144, CVE-2012-2459, and CVE-2010-5137. (lucash-dev) 38bfca6bb2ad68719415e9c54a981441052da072 Added comments referencing multiple CVEs in tests and production code. (lucash-dev) Pull request description: This functional test includes two scenarios that test for regressions of vulnerabilities, but they are only briefly described. There are freely available documents explaining in detail the issues, but without explicit mentions, the developer trying to maintain the code needs an additional step of digging in commit history and PR conversations to figure it out. Added comments to explicitly mention CVE-2018-17144 and CVE-2012-2459, for more complete documentation. This improves developer experience by making understanding the tests easier. ACKs for top commit: laanwj: ACK 0c62e3aa73839e97e65a3155e06a98d84b700a1e, checked the CVE numbers, thanks for adding documentation Tree-SHA512: 3ee05351745193b8b959e4a25d50f25a693b2d24b0732ed53cf7d5882df40b5dd0f1877bd5c69cffb921d4a7acf9deb3cc1160b96dc730d9b5984151ad06b7c9
2019-06-13Delete error-prone CScript constructorGregory Sanders
2019-06-02Added comments referencing multiple CVEs in tests and production code.lucash-dev
This commit adds comments referencing multiple CVEs both in production and test code. CVEs covered in this commit: CVE-2010-5137 CVE-2010-5139 CVE-2010-5141 CVE-2012-1909 CVE-2012-2459 CVE-2012-3789 CVE-2018-17144
2019-03-04scripted-diff: Rename CPubKey and CKey::*_KEY_SIZE and COMPRESSED_*_KEY_SIZEBen Woosley
To SIZE and COMPRESSED_SIZE -BEGIN VERIFY SCRIPT- sed -i 's/PRIVATE_KEY_SIZE/SIZE/g' src/*.h src/*.cpp src/**/*.h src/**/*.cpp sed -i 's/COMPRESSED_PRIVATE_KEY_SIZE/COMPRESSED_SIZE/g' src/*.h src/**/*.cpp src/**/*.h src/**/*.cpp sed -i 's/PUBLIC_KEY_SIZE/SIZE/g' src/*.h src/*.cpp src/**/*.h src/**/*.cpp sed -i 's/COMPRESSED_PUBLIC_KEY_SIZE/COMPRESSED_SIZE/g' src/*.h src/*.cpp src/**/*.h src/**/*.cpp -END VERIFY SCRIPT-
2018-08-08Merge #13780: 0.17: Pre-branch maintenanceWladimir J. van der Laan
3fc20632a3ad30809356a58d2cf0ea4a4ad4cec3 qt: Set BLOCK_CHAIN_SIZE = 220 (DrahtBot) 2b6a2f4a28792f2fe9dc1be843b1ff1ecae35e8a Regenerate manpages (DrahtBot) eb7daf4d600eeb631427c018a984a77a34aca66e Update copyright headers to 2018 (DrahtBot) Pull request description: Some trivial maintenance to avoid having to do it again after the 0.17 branch off. (The scripts to do this are in `./contrib/`) Tree-SHA512: 16b2af45e0351b1c691c5311d48025dc6828079e98c2aa2e600dc5910ee8aa01858ca6c356538150dc46fe14c8819ed8ec8e4ec9a0f682b9950dd41bc50518fa
2018-07-30Merge #13554: Remove unused function argumentsWladimir J. van der Laan
bd9d0690dcc62bb6dc01bda38f63fa965003b8b9 Remove unused argument to WitnessSigOps(...) (practicalswift) d1d7cfebd2c22bdec9ed96d8a389c00d7f898ff8 Remove unused argument to DefaultOptions(...) (practicalswift) 05dbb0c042ba647bf83c15f059c41620e2164337 Remove unused argument to ThreadHTTP(...) (practicalswift) Pull request description: Remove unused function arguments. Tree-SHA512: 9933b6d34ff00a32d2f06a2e542d1225bdfb2c960599f01a8ff0427324b3529db49f19ffdbf54059acbbef5ca87f4c3169e97082169022022cd1e3afa7aaa56d
2018-07-27Update copyright headers to 2018DrahtBot
2018-07-24scripted-diff: Remove trailing whitespacesJoão Barbosa
-BEGIN VERIFY SCRIPT- sed --in-place'' --regexp-extended 's/[[:space:]]+$//g' $(git grep -I --files-with-matches --extended-regexp '[[:space:]]+$' -- src test ':!*.svg' ':!src/crypto/sha256_sse4*' ':!src/leveldb' ':!src/qt/locale' ':!src/secp256k1' ':!src/univalue') -END VERIFY SCRIPT-
2018-07-10Remove unused argument to WitnessSigOps(...)practicalswift
2018-05-30Generic TransactionSignatureCreator works with both CTransaction and ↵Martin Ankerl
CMutableTransaction Templated version so that no copying of CMutableTransaction into a CTransaction is necessary. This speeds up the test case transaction_tests/test_big_witness_transaction from 7.9 seconds to 3.1 seconds on my machine.
2018-05-05Add constant scriptCode policy in non-segwit scriptsJohnson Lau
This disables OP_CODESEPARATOR in non-segwit scripts (even in an unexecuted branch), and makes a positive FindAndDelete result invalid. This ensures that the scriptCode serialized in SignatureHash() is always the same as the script passing to the EvalScript.
2018-04-13[MOVEONLY] Move CSCript::FindAndDelete to interpreterPieter Wuille
2018-04-10Extract consts for WITNESS_V0 hash sizesBen Woosley
2018-04-04Merge #12167: Make segwit failure due to CLEANSTACK violation return a ↵Pieter Wuille
SCRIPT_ERR_CLEANSTACK error code 1e747e3c1e Make segwit failure due to CLEANSTACK violation return a SCRIPT_ERR_CLEANSTACK error code. (Mark Friedenbach) Pull request description: If a segwit script terminates with a stack size not equal to one, the current error code is EVAL_FALSE. This is semantically wrong, and prevents explicitly checking CLEANSTACK violations in the unit tests. This PR changes the error code (and affected unit tests) to use SCRIPT_ERROR_CLEANSTACK instead of SCRIPT_ERROR_EVAL_FALSE. Tree-SHA512: 8f7b1650f7a23a942cde1070e3e56420be456b4a7be42515b237e95557bf2bd5e7ba9aabd213c8092bea28c165dbe73f5a3486300089aeb01e698151b42484b1
2018-04-04Merge #12460: Assert CPubKey::ValidLength to the pubkey's header-relevant sizeMarcoFalke
f8c249ab91 Assert CPubKey::ValidLength to the pubkey's header-relevent size (Ben Woosley) Pull request description: A pubkey's length is specific to its type which is indicated by its header value. GetLen returns the header-indicated length, so this change ensures that a key matches its header-indicated length. And replace some magic values with their constant equivalents. Tree-SHA512: b727b39a631babe0932326396fc4d796ade8ec1e37454ff0c709ae9b78ecbd0cfdf59d84089ba8415e6efa7bc180e3cd39a14ddaf0871cbac54b96851e1b7b44
2018-03-27Merge #10742: scripted-diff: Use scoped enumerations (C++11, "enum class")Wladimir J. van der Laan
1f45e21 scripted-diff: Convert 11 enums into scoped enums (C++11) (practicalswift) Pull request description: Rationale (from Bjarne Stroustrup's ["C++11 FAQ"](http://www.stroustrup.com/C++11FAQ.html#enum)): > > The enum classes ("new enums", "strong enums") address three problems with traditional C++ enumerations: > > * conventional enums implicitly convert to int, causing errors when someone does not want an enumeration to act as an integer. > * conventional enums export their enumerators to the surrounding scope, causing name clashes. > * the underlying type of an enum cannot be specified, causing confusion, compatibility problems, and makes forward declaration impossible. > > The new enums are "enum class" because they combine aspects of traditional enumerations (names values) with aspects of classes (scoped members and absence of conversions). Tree-SHA512: 9656e1cf4c3cabd4378c7a38d0c2eaf79e4a54d204a3c5762330840e55ee7e141e188a3efb2b4daf0ef3110bbaff80d8b9253abf2a9b015cdc4d60b49ac2b914
2018-03-21Fix typosDimitris Apostolou
2018-03-09scripted-diff: Convert 11 enums into scoped enums (C++11)practicalswift
-BEGIN VERIFY SCRIPT- sed -i 's/enum DBErrors/enum class DBErrors/g' src/wallet/walletdb.h git grep -l DB_ | xargs sed -i 's/DB_\(LOAD_OK\|CORRUPT\|NONCRITICAL_ERROR\|TOO_NEW\|LOAD_FAIL\|NEED_REWRITE\)/DBErrors::\1/g' sed -i 's/^ DBErrors::/ /g' src/wallet/walletdb.h sed -i 's/enum VerifyResult/enum class VerifyResult/g' src/wallet/db.h sed -i 's/\(VERIFY_OK\|RECOVER_OK\|RECOVER_FAIL\)/VerifyResult::\1/g' src/wallet/db.cpp sed -i 's/enum ThresholdState/enum class ThresholdState/g' src/versionbits.h git grep -l THRESHOLD_ | xargs sed -i 's/THRESHOLD_\(DEFINED\|STARTED\|LOCKED_IN\|ACTIVE\|FAILED\)/ThresholdState::\1/g' sed -i 's/^ ThresholdState::/ /g' src/versionbits.h sed -i 's/enum SigVersion/enum class SigVersion/g' src/script/interpreter.h git grep -l SIGVERSION_ | xargs sed -i 's/SIGVERSION_\(BASE\|WITNESS_V0\)/SigVersion::\1/g' sed -i 's/^ SigVersion::/ /g' src/script/interpreter.h sed -i 's/enum RetFormat {/enum class RetFormat {/g' src/rest.cpp sed -i 's/RF_\(UNDEF\|BINARY\|HEX\|JSON\)/RetFormat::\1/g' src/rest.cpp sed -i 's/^ RetFormat::/ /g' src/rest.cpp sed -i 's/enum HelpMessageMode {/enum class HelpMessageMode {/g' src/init.h git grep -l HMM_ | xargs sed -i 's/HMM_BITCOIN/HelpMessageMode::BITCOIN/g' sed -i 's/^ HelpMessageMode::/ /g' src/init.h sed -i 's/enum FeeEstimateHorizon/enum class FeeEstimateHorizon/g' src/policy/fees.h sed -i 's/enum RBFTransactionState/enum class RBFTransactionState/g' src/policy/rbf.h git grep -l RBF_ | xargs sed -i 's/RBF_TRANSACTIONSTATE_\(UNKNOWN\|REPLACEABLE_BIP125\|FINAL\)/RBFTransactionState::\1/g' sed -i 's/^ RBFTransactionState::/ /g' src/policy/rbf.h sed -i 's/enum BlockSource {/enum class BlockSource {/g' src/qt/clientmodel.h git grep -l BLOCK_SOURCE_ | xargs sed -i 's/BLOCK_SOURCE_\(NONE\|REINDEX\|DISK\|NETWORK\)/BlockSource::\1/g' sed -i 's/^ BlockSource::/ /g' src/qt/clientmodel.h sed -i 's/enum FlushStateMode {/enum class FlushStateMode {/g' src/validation.cpp sed -i 's/FLUSH_STATE_\(NONE\|IF_NEEDED\|PERIODIC\|ALWAYS\)/FlushStateMode::\1/g' src/validation.cpp sed -i 's/^ FlushStateMode::/ /g' src/validation.cpp sed -i 's/enum WitnessMode {/enum class WitnessMode {/g' src/test/script_tests.cpp sed -i 's/WITNESS_\(NONE\|PKH\|SH\)/WitnessMode::\1/g' src/test/script_tests.cpp sed -i 's/^ WitnessMode::/ /g' src/test/script_tests.cpp -END VERIFY SCRIPT-
2018-03-07Merge #11900: [script] simplify CheckMinimalPush checks, add safety assertWladimir J. van der Laan
0749808a7 CheckMinimalPush comments are prescriptive (Gregory Sanders) 176db6147 simplify CheckMinimalPush checks, add safety assert (Gregory Sanders) Pull request description: the two conditions could simply never be hit as `true`, as those opcodes have a push payload of size 0 in `data`. Added the assert for clarity for future readers(matching the gating in the interpreter) and safety for future use. This effects policy only. Tree-SHA512: f49028a1d5e907ef697b9bf5104c81ba8f6a331dbe5d60d8d8515ac17d2d6bfdc9dcc856a7e3dbd54814871b7d0695584d28da6553e2d9d7715430223f0b3690
2018-03-07CheckMinimalPush comments are prescriptiveGregory Sanders
2018-02-16Assert CPubKey::ValidLength to the pubkey's header-relevent sizeBen Woosley
Previously this was an inline test where the specificity was probably judged overly specific. As a class method it makes sense to maintain consistency. And replace some magic values with their constant equivalents.