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Diffstat (limited to 'src/leveldb/db/version_set.cc')
| -rw-r--r-- | src/leveldb/db/version_set.cc | 1402 |
1 files changed, 1402 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/src/leveldb/db/version_set.cc b/src/leveldb/db/version_set.cc new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cf976b437e --- /dev/null +++ b/src/leveldb/db/version_set.cc @@ -0,0 +1,1402 @@ +// Copyright (c) 2011 The LevelDB Authors. All rights reserved. +// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be +// found in the LICENSE file. See the AUTHORS file for names of contributors. + +#include "db/version_set.h" + +#include <algorithm> +#include <stdio.h> +#include "db/filename.h" +#include "db/log_reader.h" +#include "db/log_writer.h" +#include "db/memtable.h" +#include "db/table_cache.h" +#include "leveldb/env.h" +#include "leveldb/table_builder.h" +#include "table/merger.h" +#include "table/two_level_iterator.h" +#include "util/coding.h" +#include "util/logging.h" + +namespace leveldb { + +static const int kTargetFileSize = 2 * 1048576; + +// Maximum bytes of overlaps in grandparent (i.e., level+2) before we +// stop building a single file in a level->level+1 compaction. +static const int64_t kMaxGrandParentOverlapBytes = 10 * kTargetFileSize; + +// Maximum number of bytes in all compacted files. We avoid expanding +// the lower level file set of a compaction if it would make the +// total compaction cover more than this many bytes. +static const int64_t kExpandedCompactionByteSizeLimit = 25 * kTargetFileSize; + +static double MaxBytesForLevel(int level) { + // Note: the result for level zero is not really used since we set + // the level-0 compaction threshold based on number of files. + double result = 10 * 1048576.0; // Result for both level-0 and level-1 + while (level > 1) { + result *= 10; + level--; + } + return result; +} + +static uint64_t MaxFileSizeForLevel(int level) { + return kTargetFileSize; // We could vary per level to reduce number of files? +} + +static int64_t TotalFileSize(const std::vector<FileMetaData*>& files) { + int64_t sum = 0; + for (size_t i = 0; i < files.size(); i++) { + sum += files[i]->file_size; + } + return sum; +} + +namespace { +std::string IntSetToString(const std::set<uint64_t>& s) { + std::string result = "{"; + for (std::set<uint64_t>::const_iterator it = s.begin(); + it != s.end(); + ++it) { + result += (result.size() > 1) ? "," : ""; + result += NumberToString(*it); + } + result += "}"; + return result; +} +} // namespace + +Version::~Version() { + assert(refs_ == 0); + + // Remove from linked list + prev_->next_ = next_; + next_->prev_ = prev_; + + // Drop references to files + for (int level = 0; level < config::kNumLevels; level++) { + for (size_t i = 0; i < files_[level].size(); i++) { + FileMetaData* f = files_[level][i]; + assert(f->refs > 0); + f->refs--; + if (f->refs <= 0) { + delete f; + } + } + } +} + +int FindFile(const InternalKeyComparator& icmp, + const std::vector<FileMetaData*>& files, + const Slice& key) { + uint32_t left = 0; + uint32_t right = files.size(); + while (left < right) { + uint32_t mid = (left + right) / 2; + const FileMetaData* f = files[mid]; + if (icmp.InternalKeyComparator::Compare(f->largest.Encode(), key) < 0) { + // Key at "mid.largest" is < "target". Therefore all + // files at or before "mid" are uninteresting. + left = mid + 1; + } else { + // Key at "mid.largest" is >= "target". Therefore all files + // after "mid" are uninteresting. + right = mid; + } + } + return right; +} + +static bool AfterFile(const Comparator* ucmp, + const Slice* user_key, const FileMetaData* f) { + // NULL user_key occurs before all keys and is therefore never after *f + return (user_key != NULL && + ucmp->Compare(*user_key, f->largest.user_key()) > 0); +} + +static bool BeforeFile(const Comparator* ucmp, + const Slice* user_key, const FileMetaData* f) { + // NULL user_key occurs after all keys and is therefore never before *f + return (user_key != NULL && + ucmp->Compare(*user_key, f->smallest.user_key()) < 0); +} + +bool SomeFileOverlapsRange( + const InternalKeyComparator& icmp, + bool disjoint_sorted_files, + const std::vector<FileMetaData*>& files, + const Slice* smallest_user_key, + const Slice* largest_user_key) { + const Comparator* ucmp = icmp.user_comparator(); + if (!disjoint_sorted_files) { + // Need to check against all files + for (size_t i = 0; i < files.size(); i++) { + const FileMetaData* f = files[i]; + if (AfterFile(ucmp, smallest_user_key, f) || + BeforeFile(ucmp, largest_user_key, f)) { + // No overlap + } else { + return true; // Overlap + } + } + return false; + } + + // Binary search over file list + uint32_t index = 0; + if (smallest_user_key != NULL) { + // Find the earliest possible internal key for smallest_user_key + InternalKey small(*smallest_user_key, kMaxSequenceNumber,kValueTypeForSeek); + index = FindFile(icmp, files, small.Encode()); + } + + if (index >= files.size()) { + // beginning of range is after all files, so no overlap. + return false; + } + + return !BeforeFile(ucmp, largest_user_key, files[index]); +} + +// An internal iterator. For a given version/level pair, yields +// information about the files in the level. For a given entry, key() +// is the largest key that occurs in the file, and value() is an +// 16-byte value containing the file number and file size, both +// encoded using EncodeFixed64. +class Version::LevelFileNumIterator : public Iterator { + public: + LevelFileNumIterator(const InternalKeyComparator& icmp, + const std::vector<FileMetaData*>* flist) + : icmp_(icmp), + flist_(flist), + index_(flist->size()) { // Marks as invalid + } + virtual bool Valid() const { + return index_ < flist_->size(); + } + virtual void Seek(const Slice& target) { + index_ = FindFile(icmp_, *flist_, target); + } + virtual void SeekToFirst() { index_ = 0; } + virtual void SeekToLast() { + index_ = flist_->empty() ? 0 : flist_->size() - 1; + } + virtual void Next() { + assert(Valid()); + index_++; + } + virtual void Prev() { + assert(Valid()); + if (index_ == 0) { + index_ = flist_->size(); // Marks as invalid + } else { + index_--; + } + } + Slice key() const { + assert(Valid()); + return (*flist_)[index_]->largest.Encode(); + } + Slice value() const { + assert(Valid()); + EncodeFixed64(value_buf_, (*flist_)[index_]->number); + EncodeFixed64(value_buf_+8, (*flist_)[index_]->file_size); + return Slice(value_buf_, sizeof(value_buf_)); + } + virtual Status status() const { return Status::OK(); } + private: + const InternalKeyComparator icmp_; + const std::vector<FileMetaData*>* const flist_; + uint32_t index_; + + // Backing store for value(). Holds the file number and size. + mutable char value_buf_[16]; +}; + +static Iterator* GetFileIterator(void* arg, + const ReadOptions& options, + const Slice& file_value) { + TableCache* cache = reinterpret_cast<TableCache*>(arg); + if (file_value.size() != 16) { + return NewErrorIterator( + Status::Corruption("FileReader invoked with unexpected value")); + } else { + return cache->NewIterator(options, + DecodeFixed64(file_value.data()), + DecodeFixed64(file_value.data() + 8)); + } +} + +Iterator* Version::NewConcatenatingIterator(const ReadOptions& options, + int level) const { + return NewTwoLevelIterator( + new LevelFileNumIterator(vset_->icmp_, &files_[level]), + &GetFileIterator, vset_->table_cache_, options); +} + +void Version::AddIterators(const ReadOptions& options, + std::vector<Iterator*>* iters) { + // Merge all level zero files together since they may overlap + for (size_t i = 0; i < files_[0].size(); i++) { + iters->push_back( + vset_->table_cache_->NewIterator( + options, files_[0][i]->number, files_[0][i]->file_size)); + } + + // For levels > 0, we can use a concatenating iterator that sequentially + // walks through the non-overlapping files in the level, opening them + // lazily. + for (int level = 1; level < config::kNumLevels; level++) { + if (!files_[level].empty()) { + iters->push_back(NewConcatenatingIterator(options, level)); + } + } +} + +// Callback from TableCache::Get() +namespace { +enum SaverState { + kNotFound, + kFound, + kDeleted, + kCorrupt, +}; +struct Saver { + SaverState state; + const Comparator* ucmp; + Slice user_key; + std::string* value; +}; +} +static void SaveValue(void* arg, const Slice& ikey, const Slice& v) { + Saver* s = reinterpret_cast<Saver*>(arg); + ParsedInternalKey parsed_key; + if (!ParseInternalKey(ikey, &parsed_key)) { + s->state = kCorrupt; + } else { + if (s->ucmp->Compare(parsed_key.user_key, s->user_key) == 0) { + s->state = (parsed_key.type == kTypeValue) ? kFound : kDeleted; + if (s->state == kFound) { + s->value->assign(v.data(), v.size()); + } + } + } +} + +static bool NewestFirst(FileMetaData* a, FileMetaData* b) { + return a->number > b->number; +} + +Status Version::Get(const ReadOptions& options, + const LookupKey& k, + std::string* value, + GetStats* stats) { + Slice ikey = k.internal_key(); + Slice user_key = k.user_key(); + const Comparator* ucmp = vset_->icmp_.user_comparator(); + Status s; + + stats->seek_file = NULL; + stats->seek_file_level = -1; + FileMetaData* last_file_read = NULL; + int last_file_read_level = -1; + + // We can search level-by-level since entries never hop across + // levels. Therefore we are guaranteed that if we find data + // in an smaller level, later levels are irrelevant. + std::vector<FileMetaData*> tmp; + FileMetaData* tmp2; + for (int level = 0; level < config::kNumLevels; level++) { + size_t num_files = files_[level].size(); + if (num_files == 0) continue; + + // Get the list of files to search in this level + FileMetaData* const* files = &files_[level][0]; + if (level == 0) { + // Level-0 files may overlap each other. Find all files that + // overlap user_key and process them in order from newest to oldest. + tmp.reserve(num_files); + for (uint32_t i = 0; i < num_files; i++) { + FileMetaData* f = files[i]; + if (ucmp->Compare(user_key, f->smallest.user_key()) >= 0 && + ucmp->Compare(user_key, f->largest.user_key()) <= 0) { + tmp.push_back(f); + } + } + if (tmp.empty()) continue; + + std::sort(tmp.begin(), tmp.end(), NewestFirst); + files = &tmp[0]; + num_files = tmp.size(); + } else { + // Binary search to find earliest index whose largest key >= ikey. + uint32_t index = FindFile(vset_->icmp_, files_[level], ikey); + if (index >= num_files) { + files = NULL; + num_files = 0; + } else { + tmp2 = files[index]; + if (ucmp->Compare(user_key, tmp2->smallest.user_key()) < 0) { + // All of "tmp2" is past any data for user_key + files = NULL; + num_files = 0; + } else { + files = &tmp2; + num_files = 1; + } + } + } + + for (uint32_t i = 0; i < num_files; ++i) { + if (last_file_read != NULL && stats->seek_file == NULL) { + // We have had more than one seek for this read. Charge the 1st file. + stats->seek_file = last_file_read; + stats->seek_file_level = last_file_read_level; + } + + FileMetaData* f = files[i]; + last_file_read = f; + last_file_read_level = level; + + Saver saver; + saver.state = kNotFound; + saver.ucmp = ucmp; + saver.user_key = user_key; + saver.value = value; + s = vset_->table_cache_->Get(options, f->number, f->file_size, + ikey, &saver, SaveValue); + if (!s.ok()) { + return s; + } + switch (saver.state) { + case kNotFound: + break; // Keep searching in other files + case kFound: + return s; + case kDeleted: + s = Status::NotFound(Slice()); // Use empty error message for speed + return s; + case kCorrupt: + s = Status::Corruption("corrupted key for ", user_key); + return s; + } + } + } + + return Status::NotFound(Slice()); // Use an empty error message for speed +} + +bool Version::UpdateStats(const GetStats& stats) { + FileMetaData* f = stats.seek_file; + if (f != NULL) { + f->allowed_seeks--; + if (f->allowed_seeks <= 0 && file_to_compact_ == NULL) { + file_to_compact_ = f; + file_to_compact_level_ = stats.seek_file_level; + return true; + } + } + return false; +} + +void Version::Ref() { + ++refs_; +} + +void Version::Unref() { + assert(this != &vset_->dummy_versions_); + assert(refs_ >= 1); + --refs_; + if (refs_ == 0) { + delete this; + } +} + +bool Version::OverlapInLevel(int level, + const Slice* smallest_user_key, + const Slice* largest_user_key) { + return SomeFileOverlapsRange(vset_->icmp_, (level > 0), files_[level], + smallest_user_key, largest_user_key); +} + +int Version::PickLevelForMemTableOutput( + const Slice& smallest_user_key, + const Slice& largest_user_key) { + int level = 0; + if (!OverlapInLevel(0, &smallest_user_key, &largest_user_key)) { + // Push to next level if there is no overlap in next level, + // and the #bytes overlapping in the level after that are limited. + InternalKey start(smallest_user_key, kMaxSequenceNumber, kValueTypeForSeek); + InternalKey limit(largest_user_key, 0, static_cast<ValueType>(0)); + std::vector<FileMetaData*> overlaps; + while (level < config::kMaxMemCompactLevel) { + if (OverlapInLevel(level + 1, &smallest_user_key, &largest_user_key)) { + break; + } + GetOverlappingInputs(level + 2, &start, &limit, &overlaps); + const int64_t sum = TotalFileSize(overlaps); + if (sum > kMaxGrandParentOverlapBytes) { + break; + } + level++; + } + } + return level; +} + +// Store in "*inputs" all files in "level" that overlap [begin,end] +void Version::GetOverlappingInputs( + int level, + const InternalKey* begin, + const InternalKey* end, + std::vector<FileMetaData*>* inputs) { + inputs->clear(); + Slice user_begin, user_end; + if (begin != NULL) { + user_begin = begin->user_key(); + } + if (end != NULL) { + user_end = end->user_key(); + } + const Comparator* user_cmp = vset_->icmp_.user_comparator(); + for (size_t i = 0; i < files_[level].size(); ) { + FileMetaData* f = files_[level][i++]; + const Slice file_start = f->smallest.user_key(); + const Slice file_limit = f->largest.user_key(); + if (begin != NULL && user_cmp->Compare(file_limit, user_begin) < 0) { + // "f" is completely before specified range; skip it + } else if (end != NULL && user_cmp->Compare(file_start, user_end) > 0) { + // "f" is completely after specified range; skip it + } else { + inputs->push_back(f); + if (level == 0) { + // Level-0 files may overlap each other. So check if the newly + // added file has expanded the range. If so, restart search. + if (begin != NULL && user_cmp->Compare(file_start, user_begin) < 0) { + user_begin = file_start; + inputs->clear(); + i = 0; + } else if (end != NULL && user_cmp->Compare(file_limit, user_end) > 0) { + user_end = file_limit; + inputs->clear(); + i = 0; + } + } + } + } +} + +std::string Version::DebugString() const { + std::string r; + for (int level = 0; level < config::kNumLevels; level++) { + // E.g., + // --- level 1 --- + // 17:123['a' .. 'd'] + // 20:43['e' .. 'g'] + r.append("--- level "); + AppendNumberTo(&r, level); + r.append(" ---\n"); + const std::vector<FileMetaData*>& files = files_[level]; + for (size_t i = 0; i < files.size(); i++) { + r.push_back(' '); + AppendNumberTo(&r, files[i]->number); + r.push_back(':'); + AppendNumberTo(&r, files[i]->file_size); + r.append("["); + r.append(files[i]->smallest.DebugString()); + r.append(" .. "); + r.append(files[i]->largest.DebugString()); + r.append("]\n"); + } + } + return r; +} + +// A helper class so we can efficiently apply a whole sequence +// of edits to a particular state without creating intermediate +// Versions that contain full copies of the intermediate state. +class VersionSet::Builder { + private: + // Helper to sort by v->files_[file_number].smallest + struct BySmallestKey { + const InternalKeyComparator* internal_comparator; + + bool operator()(FileMetaData* f1, FileMetaData* f2) const { + int r = internal_comparator->Compare(f1->smallest, f2->smallest); + if (r != 0) { + return (r < 0); + } else { + // Break ties by file number + return (f1->number < f2->number); + } + } + }; + + typedef std::set<FileMetaData*, BySmallestKey> FileSet; + struct LevelState { + std::set<uint64_t> deleted_files; + FileSet* added_files; + }; + + VersionSet* vset_; + Version* base_; + LevelState levels_[config::kNumLevels]; + + public: + // Initialize a builder with the files from *base and other info from *vset + Builder(VersionSet* vset, Version* base) + : vset_(vset), + base_(base) { + base_->Ref(); + BySmallestKey cmp; + cmp.internal_comparator = &vset_->icmp_; + for (int level = 0; level < config::kNumLevels; level++) { + levels_[level].added_files = new FileSet(cmp); + } + } + + ~Builder() { + for (int level = 0; level < config::kNumLevels; level++) { + const FileSet* added = levels_[level].added_files; + std::vector<FileMetaData*> to_unref; + to_unref.reserve(added->size()); + for (FileSet::const_iterator it = added->begin(); + it != added->end(); ++it) { + to_unref.push_back(*it); + } + delete added; + for (uint32_t i = 0; i < to_unref.size(); i++) { + FileMetaData* f = to_unref[i]; + f->refs--; + if (f->refs <= 0) { + delete f; + } + } + } + base_->Unref(); + } + + // Apply all of the edits in *edit to the current state. + void Apply(VersionEdit* edit) { + // Update compaction pointers + for (size_t i = 0; i < edit->compact_pointers_.size(); i++) { + const int level = edit->compact_pointers_[i].first; + vset_->compact_pointer_[level] = + edit->compact_pointers_[i].second.Encode().ToString(); + } + + // Delete files + const VersionEdit::DeletedFileSet& del = edit->deleted_files_; + for (VersionEdit::DeletedFileSet::const_iterator iter = del.begin(); + iter != del.end(); + ++iter) { + const int level = iter->first; + const uint64_t number = iter->second; + levels_[level].deleted_files.insert(number); + } + + // Add new files + for (size_t i = 0; i < edit->new_files_.size(); i++) { + const int level = edit->new_files_[i].first; + FileMetaData* f = new FileMetaData(edit->new_files_[i].second); + f->refs = 1; + + // We arrange to automatically compact this file after + // a certain number of seeks. Let's assume: + // (1) One seek costs 10ms + // (2) Writing or reading 1MB costs 10ms (100MB/s) + // (3) A compaction of 1MB does 25MB of IO: + // 1MB read from this level + // 10-12MB read from next level (boundaries may be misaligned) + // 10-12MB written to next level + // This implies that 25 seeks cost the same as the compaction + // of 1MB of data. I.e., one seek costs approximately the + // same as the compaction of 40KB of data. We are a little + // conservative and allow approximately one seek for every 16KB + // of data before triggering a compaction. + f->allowed_seeks = (f->file_size / 16384); + if (f->allowed_seeks < 100) f->allowed_seeks = 100; + + levels_[level].deleted_files.erase(f->number); + levels_[level].added_files->insert(f); + } + } + + // Save the current state in *v. + void SaveTo(Version* v) { + BySmallestKey cmp; + cmp.internal_comparator = &vset_->icmp_; + for (int level = 0; level < config::kNumLevels; level++) { + // Merge the set of added files with the set of pre-existing files. + // Drop any deleted files. Store the result in *v. + const std::vector<FileMetaData*>& base_files = base_->files_[level]; + std::vector<FileMetaData*>::const_iterator base_iter = base_files.begin(); + std::vector<FileMetaData*>::const_iterator base_end = base_files.end(); + const FileSet* added = levels_[level].added_files; + v->files_[level].reserve(base_files.size() + added->size()); + for (FileSet::const_iterator added_iter = added->begin(); + added_iter != added->end(); + ++added_iter) { + // Add all smaller files listed in base_ + for (std::vector<FileMetaData*>::const_iterator bpos + = std::upper_bound(base_iter, base_end, *added_iter, cmp); + base_iter != bpos; + ++base_iter) { + MaybeAddFile(v, level, *base_iter); + } + + MaybeAddFile(v, level, *added_iter); + } + + // Add remaining base files + for (; base_iter != base_end; ++base_iter) { + MaybeAddFile(v, level, *base_iter); + } + +#ifndef NDEBUG + // Make sure there is no overlap in levels > 0 + if (level > 0) { + for (uint32_t i = 1; i < v->files_[level].size(); i++) { + const InternalKey& prev_end = v->files_[level][i-1]->largest; + const InternalKey& this_begin = v->files_[level][i]->smallest; + if (vset_->icmp_.Compare(prev_end, this_begin) >= 0) { + fprintf(stderr, "overlapping ranges in same level %s vs. %s\n", + prev_end.DebugString().c_str(), + this_begin.DebugString().c_str()); + abort(); + } + } + } +#endif + } + } + + void MaybeAddFile(Version* v, int level, FileMetaData* f) { + if (levels_[level].deleted_files.count(f->number) > 0) { + // File is deleted: do nothing + } else { + std::vector<FileMetaData*>* files = &v->files_[level]; + if (level > 0 && !files->empty()) { + // Must not overlap + assert(vset_->icmp_.Compare((*files)[files->size()-1]->largest, + f->smallest) < 0); + } + f->refs++; + files->push_back(f); + } + } +}; + +VersionSet::VersionSet(const std::string& dbname, + const Options* options, + TableCache* table_cache, + const InternalKeyComparator* cmp) + : env_(options->env), + dbname_(dbname), + options_(options), + table_cache_(table_cache), + icmp_(*cmp), + next_file_number_(2), + manifest_file_number_(0), // Filled by Recover() + last_sequence_(0), + log_number_(0), + prev_log_number_(0), + descriptor_file_(NULL), + descriptor_log_(NULL), + dummy_versions_(this), + current_(NULL) { + AppendVersion(new Version(this)); +} + +VersionSet::~VersionSet() { + current_->Unref(); + assert(dummy_versions_.next_ == &dummy_versions_); // List must be empty + delete descriptor_log_; + delete descriptor_file_; +} + +void VersionSet::AppendVersion(Version* v) { + // Make "v" current + assert(v->refs_ == 0); + assert(v != current_); + if (current_ != NULL) { + current_->Unref(); + } + current_ = v; + v->Ref(); + + // Append to linked list + v->prev_ = dummy_versions_.prev_; + v->next_ = &dummy_versions_; + v->prev_->next_ = v; + v->next_->prev_ = v; +} + +Status VersionSet::LogAndApply(VersionEdit* edit, port::Mutex* mu) { + if (edit->has_log_number_) { + assert(edit->log_number_ >= log_number_); + assert(edit->log_number_ < next_file_number_); + } else { + edit->SetLogNumber(log_number_); + } + + if (!edit->has_prev_log_number_) { + edit->SetPrevLogNumber(prev_log_number_); + } + + edit->SetNextFile(next_file_number_); + edit->SetLastSequence(last_sequence_); + + Version* v = new Version(this); + { + Builder builder(this, current_); + builder.Apply(edit); + builder.SaveTo(v); + } + Finalize(v); + + // Initialize new descriptor log file if necessary by creating + // a temporary file that contains a snapshot of the current version. + std::string new_manifest_file; + Status s; + if (descriptor_log_ == NULL) { + // No reason to unlock *mu here since we only hit this path in the + // first call to LogAndApply (when opening the database). + assert(descriptor_file_ == NULL); + new_manifest_file = DescriptorFileName(dbname_, manifest_file_number_); + edit->SetNextFile(next_file_number_); + s = env_->NewWritableFile(new_manifest_file, &descriptor_file_); + if (s.ok()) { + descriptor_log_ = new log::Writer(descriptor_file_); + s = WriteSnapshot(descriptor_log_); + } + } + + // Unlock during expensive MANIFEST log write + { + mu->Unlock(); + + // Write new record to MANIFEST log + if (s.ok()) { + std::string record; + edit->EncodeTo(&record); + s = descriptor_log_->AddRecord(record); + if (s.ok()) { + s = descriptor_file_->Sync(); + } + } + + // If we just created a new descriptor file, install it by writing a + // new CURRENT file that points to it. + if (s.ok() && !new_manifest_file.empty()) { + s = SetCurrentFile(env_, dbname_, manifest_file_number_); + } + + mu->Lock(); + } + + // Install the new version + if (s.ok()) { + AppendVersion(v); + log_number_ = edit->log_number_; + prev_log_number_ = edit->prev_log_number_; + } else { + delete v; + if (!new_manifest_file.empty()) { + delete descriptor_log_; + delete descriptor_file_; + descriptor_log_ = NULL; + descriptor_file_ = NULL; + env_->DeleteFile(new_manifest_file); + } + } + + return s; +} + +Status VersionSet::Recover() { + struct LogReporter : public log::Reader::Reporter { + Status* status; + virtual void Corruption(size_t bytes, const Status& s) { + if (this->status->ok()) *this->status = s; + } + }; + + // Read "CURRENT" file, which contains a pointer to the current manifest file + std::string current; + Status s = ReadFileToString(env_, CurrentFileName(dbname_), ¤t); + if (!s.ok()) { + return s; + } + if (current.empty() || current[current.size()-1] != '\n') { + return Status::Corruption("CURRENT file does not end with newline"); + } + current.resize(current.size() - 1); + + std::string dscname = dbname_ + "/" + current; + SequentialFile* file; + s = env_->NewSequentialFile(dscname, &file); + if (!s.ok()) { + return s; + } + + bool have_log_number = false; + bool have_prev_log_number = false; + bool have_next_file = false; + bool have_last_sequence = false; + uint64_t next_file = 0; + uint64_t last_sequence = 0; + uint64_t log_number = 0; + uint64_t prev_log_number = 0; + Builder builder(this, current_); + + { + LogReporter reporter; + reporter.status = &s; + log::Reader reader(file, &reporter, true/*checksum*/, 0/*initial_offset*/); + Slice record; + std::string scratch; + while (reader.ReadRecord(&record, &scratch) && s.ok()) { + VersionEdit edit; + s = edit.DecodeFrom(record); + if (s.ok()) { + if (edit.has_comparator_ && + edit.comparator_ != icmp_.user_comparator()->Name()) { + s = Status::InvalidArgument( + edit.comparator_ + "does not match existing comparator ", + icmp_.user_comparator()->Name()); + } + } + + if (s.ok()) { + builder.Apply(&edit); + } + + if (edit.has_log_number_) { + log_number = edit.log_number_; + have_log_number = true; + } + + if (edit.has_prev_log_number_) { + prev_log_number = edit.prev_log_number_; + have_prev_log_number = true; + } + + if (edit.has_next_file_number_) { + next_file = edit.next_file_number_; + have_next_file = true; + } + + if (edit.has_last_sequence_) { + last_sequence = edit.last_sequence_; + have_last_sequence = true; + } + } + } + delete file; + file = NULL; + + if (s.ok()) { + if (!have_next_file) { + s = Status::Corruption("no meta-nextfile entry in descriptor"); + } else if (!have_log_number) { + s = Status::Corruption("no meta-lognumber entry in descriptor"); + } else if (!have_last_sequence) { + s = Status::Corruption("no last-sequence-number entry in descriptor"); + } + + if (!have_prev_log_number) { + prev_log_number = 0; + } + + MarkFileNumberUsed(prev_log_number); + MarkFileNumberUsed(log_number); + } + + if (s.ok()) { + Version* v = new Version(this); + builder.SaveTo(v); + // Install recovered version + Finalize(v); + AppendVersion(v); + manifest_file_number_ = next_file; + next_file_number_ = next_file + 1; + last_sequence_ = last_sequence; + log_number_ = log_number; + prev_log_number_ = prev_log_number; + } + + return s; +} + +void VersionSet::MarkFileNumberUsed(uint64_t number) { + if (next_file_number_ <= number) { + next_file_number_ = number + 1; + } +} + +void VersionSet::Finalize(Version* v) { + // Precomputed best level for next compaction + int best_level = -1; + double best_score = -1; + + for (int level = 0; level < config::kNumLevels-1; level++) { + double score; + if (level == 0) { + // We treat level-0 specially by bounding the number of files + // instead of number of bytes for two reasons: + // + // (1) With larger write-buffer sizes, it is nice not to do too + // many level-0 compactions. + // + // (2) The files in level-0 are merged on every read and + // therefore we wish to avoid too many files when the individual + // file size is small (perhaps because of a small write-buffer + // setting, or very high compression ratios, or lots of + // overwrites/deletions). + score = v->files_[level].size() / + static_cast<double>(config::kL0_CompactionTrigger); + } else { + // Compute the ratio of current size to size limit. + const uint64_t level_bytes = TotalFileSize(v->files_[level]); + score = static_cast<double>(level_bytes) / MaxBytesForLevel(level); + } + + if (score > best_score) { + best_level = level; + best_score = score; + } + } + + v->compaction_level_ = best_level; + v->compaction_score_ = best_score; +} + +Status VersionSet::WriteSnapshot(log::Writer* log) { + // TODO: Break up into multiple records to reduce memory usage on recovery? + + // Save metadata + VersionEdit edit; + edit.SetComparatorName(icmp_.user_comparator()->Name()); + + // Save compaction pointers + for (int level = 0; level < config::kNumLevels; level++) { + if (!compact_pointer_[level].empty()) { + InternalKey key; + key.DecodeFrom(compact_pointer_[level]); + edit.SetCompactPointer(level, key); + } + } + + // Save files + for (int level = 0; level < config::kNumLevels; level++) { + const std::vector<FileMetaData*>& files = current_->files_[level]; + for (size_t i = 0; i < files.size(); i++) { + const FileMetaData* f = files[i]; + edit.AddFile(level, f->number, f->file_size, f->smallest, f->largest); + } + } + + std::string record; + edit.EncodeTo(&record); + return log->AddRecord(record); +} + +int VersionSet::NumLevelFiles(int level) const { + assert(level >= 0); + assert(level < config::kNumLevels); + return current_->files_[level].size(); +} + +const char* VersionSet::LevelSummary(LevelSummaryStorage* scratch) const { + // Update code if kNumLevels changes + assert(config::kNumLevels == 7); + snprintf(scratch->buffer, sizeof(scratch->buffer), + "files[ %d %d %d %d %d %d %d ]", + int(current_->files_[0].size()), + int(current_->files_[1].size()), + int(current_->files_[2].size()), + int(current_->files_[3].size()), + int(current_->files_[4].size()), + int(current_->files_[5].size()), + int(current_->files_[6].size())); + return scratch->buffer; +} + +uint64_t VersionSet::ApproximateOffsetOf(Version* v, const InternalKey& ikey) { + uint64_t result = 0; + for (int level = 0; level < config::kNumLevels; level++) { + const std::vector<FileMetaData*>& files = v->files_[level]; + for (size_t i = 0; i < files.size(); i++) { + if (icmp_.Compare(files[i]->largest, ikey) <= 0) { + // Entire file is before "ikey", so just add the file size + result += files[i]->file_size; + } else if (icmp_.Compare(files[i]->smallest, ikey) > 0) { + // Entire file is after "ikey", so ignore + if (level > 0) { + // Files other than level 0 are sorted by meta->smallest, so + // no further files in this level will contain data for + // "ikey". + break; + } + } else { + // "ikey" falls in the range for this table. Add the + // approximate offset of "ikey" within the table. + Table* tableptr; + Iterator* iter = table_cache_->NewIterator( + ReadOptions(), files[i]->number, files[i]->file_size, &tableptr); + if (tableptr != NULL) { + result += tableptr->ApproximateOffsetOf(ikey.Encode()); + } + delete iter; + } + } + } + return result; +} + +void VersionSet::AddLiveFiles(std::set<uint64_t>* live) { + for (Version* v = dummy_versions_.next_; + v != &dummy_versions_; + v = v->next_) { + for (int level = 0; level < config::kNumLevels; level++) { + const std::vector<FileMetaData*>& files = v->files_[level]; + for (size_t i = 0; i < files.size(); i++) { + live->insert(files[i]->number); + } + } + } +} + +int64_t VersionSet::NumLevelBytes(int level) const { + assert(level >= 0); + assert(level < config::kNumLevels); + return TotalFileSize(current_->files_[level]); +} + +int64_t VersionSet::MaxNextLevelOverlappingBytes() { + int64_t result = 0; + std::vector<FileMetaData*> overlaps; + for (int level = 1; level < config::kNumLevels - 1; level++) { + for (size_t i = 0; i < current_->files_[level].size(); i++) { + const FileMetaData* f = current_->files_[level][i]; + current_->GetOverlappingInputs(level+1, &f->smallest, &f->largest, + &overlaps); + const int64_t sum = TotalFileSize(overlaps); + if (sum > result) { + result = sum; + } + } + } + return result; +} + +// Stores the minimal range that covers all entries in inputs in +// *smallest, *largest. +// REQUIRES: inputs is not empty +void VersionSet::GetRange(const std::vector<FileMetaData*>& inputs, + InternalKey* smallest, + InternalKey* largest) { + assert(!inputs.empty()); + smallest->Clear(); + largest->Clear(); + for (size_t i = 0; i < inputs.size(); i++) { + FileMetaData* f = inputs[i]; + if (i == 0) { + *smallest = f->smallest; + *largest = f->largest; + } else { + if (icmp_.Compare(f->smallest, *smallest) < 0) { + *smallest = f->smallest; + } + if (icmp_.Compare(f->largest, *largest) > 0) { + *largest = f->largest; + } + } + } +} + +// Stores the minimal range that covers all entries in inputs1 and inputs2 +// in *smallest, *largest. +// REQUIRES: inputs is not empty +void VersionSet::GetRange2(const std::vector<FileMetaData*>& inputs1, + const std::vector<FileMetaData*>& inputs2, + InternalKey* smallest, + InternalKey* largest) { + std::vector<FileMetaData*> all = inputs1; + all.insert(all.end(), inputs2.begin(), inputs2.end()); + GetRange(all, smallest, largest); +} + +Iterator* VersionSet::MakeInputIterator(Compaction* c) { + ReadOptions options; + options.verify_checksums = options_->paranoid_checks; + options.fill_cache = false; + + // Level-0 files have to be merged together. For other levels, + // we will make a concatenating iterator per level. + // TODO(opt): use concatenating iterator for level-0 if there is no overlap + const int space = (c->level() == 0 ? c->inputs_[0].size() + 1 : 2); + Iterator** list = new Iterator*[space]; + int num = 0; + for (int which = 0; which < 2; which++) { + if (!c->inputs_[which].empty()) { + if (c->level() + which == 0) { + const std::vector<FileMetaData*>& files = c->inputs_[which]; + for (size_t i = 0; i < files.size(); i++) { + list[num++] = table_cache_->NewIterator( + options, files[i]->number, files[i]->file_size); + } + } else { + // Create concatenating iterator for the files from this level + list[num++] = NewTwoLevelIterator( + new Version::LevelFileNumIterator(icmp_, &c->inputs_[which]), + &GetFileIterator, table_cache_, options); + } + } + } + assert(num <= space); + Iterator* result = NewMergingIterator(&icmp_, list, num); + delete[] list; + return result; +} + +Compaction* VersionSet::PickCompaction() { + Compaction* c; + int level; + + // We prefer compactions triggered by too much data in a level over + // the compactions triggered by seeks. + const bool size_compaction = (current_->compaction_score_ >= 1); + const bool seek_compaction = (current_->file_to_compact_ != NULL); + if (size_compaction) { + level = current_->compaction_level_; + assert(level >= 0); + assert(level+1 < config::kNumLevels); + c = new Compaction(level); + + // Pick the first file that comes after compact_pointer_[level] + for (size_t i = 0; i < current_->files_[level].size(); i++) { + FileMetaData* f = current_->files_[level][i]; + if (compact_pointer_[level].empty() || + icmp_.Compare(f->largest.Encode(), compact_pointer_[level]) > 0) { + c->inputs_[0].push_back(f); + break; + } + } + if (c->inputs_[0].empty()) { + // Wrap-around to the beginning of the key space + c->inputs_[0].push_back(current_->files_[level][0]); + } + } else if (seek_compaction) { + level = current_->file_to_compact_level_; + c = new Compaction(level); + c->inputs_[0].push_back(current_->file_to_compact_); + } else { + return NULL; + } + + c->input_version_ = current_; + c->input_version_->Ref(); + + // Files in level 0 may overlap each other, so pick up all overlapping ones + if (level == 0) { + InternalKey smallest, largest; + GetRange(c->inputs_[0], &smallest, &largest); + // Note that the next call will discard the file we placed in + // c->inputs_[0] earlier and replace it with an overlapping set + // which will include the picked file. + current_->GetOverlappingInputs(0, &smallest, &largest, &c->inputs_[0]); + assert(!c->inputs_[0].empty()); + } + + SetupOtherInputs(c); + + return c; +} + +void VersionSet::SetupOtherInputs(Compaction* c) { + const int level = c->level(); + InternalKey smallest, largest; + GetRange(c->inputs_[0], &smallest, &largest); + + current_->GetOverlappingInputs(level+1, &smallest, &largest, &c->inputs_[1]); + + // Get entire range covered by compaction + InternalKey all_start, all_limit; + GetRange2(c->inputs_[0], c->inputs_[1], &all_start, &all_limit); + + // See if we can grow the number of inputs in "level" without + // changing the number of "level+1" files we pick up. + if (!c->inputs_[1].empty()) { + std::vector<FileMetaData*> expanded0; + current_->GetOverlappingInputs(level, &all_start, &all_limit, &expanded0); + const int64_t inputs0_size = TotalFileSize(c->inputs_[0]); + const int64_t inputs1_size = TotalFileSize(c->inputs_[1]); + const int64_t expanded0_size = TotalFileSize(expanded0); + if (expanded0.size() > c->inputs_[0].size() && + inputs1_size + expanded0_size < kExpandedCompactionByteSizeLimit) { + InternalKey new_start, new_limit; + GetRange(expanded0, &new_start, &new_limit); + std::vector<FileMetaData*> expanded1; + current_->GetOverlappingInputs(level+1, &new_start, &new_limit, + &expanded1); + if (expanded1.size() == c->inputs_[1].size()) { + Log(options_->info_log, + "Expanding@%d %d+%d (%ld+%ld bytes) to %d+%d (%ld+%ld bytes)\n", + level, + int(c->inputs_[0].size()), + int(c->inputs_[1].size()), + long(inputs0_size), long(inputs1_size), + int(expanded0.size()), + int(expanded1.size()), + long(expanded0_size), long(inputs1_size)); + smallest = new_start; + largest = new_limit; + c->inputs_[0] = expanded0; + c->inputs_[1] = expanded1; + GetRange2(c->inputs_[0], c->inputs_[1], &all_start, &all_limit); + } + } + } + + // Compute the set of grandparent files that overlap this compaction + // (parent == level+1; grandparent == level+2) + if (level + 2 < config::kNumLevels) { + current_->GetOverlappingInputs(level + 2, &all_start, &all_limit, + &c->grandparents_); + } + + if (false) { + Log(options_->info_log, "Compacting %d '%s' .. '%s'", + level, + smallest.DebugString().c_str(), + largest.DebugString().c_str()); + } + + // Update the place where we will do the next compaction for this level. + // We update this immediately instead of waiting for the VersionEdit + // to be applied so that if the compaction fails, we will try a different + // key range next time. + compact_pointer_[level] = largest.Encode().ToString(); + c->edit_.SetCompactPointer(level, largest); +} + +Compaction* VersionSet::CompactRange( + int level, + const InternalKey* begin, + const InternalKey* end) { + std::vector<FileMetaData*> inputs; + current_->GetOverlappingInputs(level, begin, end, &inputs); + if (inputs.empty()) { + return NULL; + } + + // Avoid compacting too much in one shot in case the range is large. + const uint64_t limit = MaxFileSizeForLevel(level); + uint64_t total = 0; + for (size_t i = 0; i < inputs.size(); i++) { + uint64_t s = inputs[i]->file_size; + total += s; + if (total >= limit) { + inputs.resize(i + 1); + break; + } + } + + Compaction* c = new Compaction(level); + c->input_version_ = current_; + c->input_version_->Ref(); + c->inputs_[0] = inputs; + SetupOtherInputs(c); + return c; +} + +Compaction::Compaction(int level) + : level_(level), + max_output_file_size_(MaxFileSizeForLevel(level)), + input_version_(NULL), + grandparent_index_(0), + seen_key_(false), + overlapped_bytes_(0) { + for (int i = 0; i < config::kNumLevels; i++) { + level_ptrs_[i] = 0; + } +} + +Compaction::~Compaction() { + if (input_version_ != NULL) { + input_version_->Unref(); + } +} + +bool Compaction::IsTrivialMove() const { + // Avoid a move if there is lots of overlapping grandparent data. + // Otherwise, the move could create a parent file that will require + // a very expensive merge later on. + return (num_input_files(0) == 1 && + num_input_files(1) == 0 && + TotalFileSize(grandparents_) <= kMaxGrandParentOverlapBytes); +} + +void Compaction::AddInputDeletions(VersionEdit* edit) { + for (int which = 0; which < 2; which++) { + for (size_t i = 0; i < inputs_[which].size(); i++) { + edit->DeleteFile(level_ + which, inputs_[which][i]->number); + } + } +} + +bool Compaction::IsBaseLevelForKey(const Slice& user_key) { + // Maybe use binary search to find right entry instead of linear search? + const Comparator* user_cmp = input_version_->vset_->icmp_.user_comparator(); + for (int lvl = level_ + 2; lvl < config::kNumLevels; lvl++) { + const std::vector<FileMetaData*>& files = input_version_->files_[lvl]; + for (; level_ptrs_[lvl] < files.size(); ) { + FileMetaData* f = files[level_ptrs_[lvl]]; + if (user_cmp->Compare(user_key, f->largest.user_key()) <= 0) { + // We've advanced far enough + if (user_cmp->Compare(user_key, f->smallest.user_key()) >= 0) { + // Key falls in this file's range, so definitely not base level + return false; + } + break; + } + level_ptrs_[lvl]++; + } + } + return true; +} + +bool Compaction::ShouldStopBefore(const Slice& internal_key) { + // Scan to find earliest grandparent file that contains key. + const InternalKeyComparator* icmp = &input_version_->vset_->icmp_; + while (grandparent_index_ < grandparents_.size() && + icmp->Compare(internal_key, + grandparents_[grandparent_index_]->largest.Encode()) > 0) { + if (seen_key_) { + overlapped_bytes_ += grandparents_[grandparent_index_]->file_size; + } + grandparent_index_++; + } + seen_key_ = true; + + if (overlapped_bytes_ > kMaxGrandParentOverlapBytes) { + // Too much overlap for current output; start new output + overlapped_bytes_ = 0; + return true; + } else { + return false; + } +} + +void Compaction::ReleaseInputs() { + if (input_version_ != NULL) { + input_version_->Unref(); + input_version_ = NULL; + } +} + +} // namespace leveldb |