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-rw-r--r--src/leveldb/db/db_impl.cc1463
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diff --git a/src/leveldb/db/db_impl.cc b/src/leveldb/db/db_impl.cc
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+// Copyright (c) 2011 The LevelDB Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file. See the AUTHORS file for names of contributors.
+
+#include "db/db_impl.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <set>
+#include <string>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <vector>
+#include "db/builder.h"
+#include "db/db_iter.h"
+#include "db/dbformat.h"
+#include "db/filename.h"
+#include "db/log_reader.h"
+#include "db/log_writer.h"
+#include "db/memtable.h"
+#include "db/table_cache.h"
+#include "db/version_set.h"
+#include "db/write_batch_internal.h"
+#include "leveldb/db.h"
+#include "leveldb/env.h"
+#include "leveldb/status.h"
+#include "leveldb/table.h"
+#include "leveldb/table_builder.h"
+#include "port/port.h"
+#include "table/block.h"
+#include "table/merger.h"
+#include "table/two_level_iterator.h"
+#include "util/coding.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/mutexlock.h"
+
+namespace leveldb {
+
+// Information kept for every waiting writer
+struct DBImpl::Writer {
+ Status status;
+ WriteBatch* batch;
+ bool sync;
+ bool done;
+ port::CondVar cv;
+
+ explicit Writer(port::Mutex* mu) : cv(mu) { }
+};
+
+struct DBImpl::CompactionState {
+ Compaction* const compaction;
+
+ // Sequence numbers < smallest_snapshot are not significant since we
+ // will never have to service a snapshot below smallest_snapshot.
+ // Therefore if we have seen a sequence number S <= smallest_snapshot,
+ // we can drop all entries for the same key with sequence numbers < S.
+ SequenceNumber smallest_snapshot;
+
+ // Files produced by compaction
+ struct Output {
+ uint64_t number;
+ uint64_t file_size;
+ InternalKey smallest, largest;
+ };
+ std::vector<Output> outputs;
+
+ // State kept for output being generated
+ WritableFile* outfile;
+ TableBuilder* builder;
+
+ uint64_t total_bytes;
+
+ Output* current_output() { return &outputs[outputs.size()-1]; }
+
+ explicit CompactionState(Compaction* c)
+ : compaction(c),
+ outfile(NULL),
+ builder(NULL),
+ total_bytes(0) {
+ }
+};
+
+// Fix user-supplied options to be reasonable
+template <class T,class V>
+static void ClipToRange(T* ptr, V minvalue, V maxvalue) {
+ if (static_cast<V>(*ptr) > maxvalue) *ptr = maxvalue;
+ if (static_cast<V>(*ptr) < minvalue) *ptr = minvalue;
+}
+Options SanitizeOptions(const std::string& dbname,
+ const InternalKeyComparator* icmp,
+ const InternalFilterPolicy* ipolicy,
+ const Options& src) {
+ Options result = src;
+ result.comparator = icmp;
+ result.filter_policy = (src.filter_policy != NULL) ? ipolicy : NULL;
+ ClipToRange(&result.max_open_files, 20, 50000);
+ ClipToRange(&result.write_buffer_size, 64<<10, 1<<30);
+ ClipToRange(&result.block_size, 1<<10, 4<<20);
+ if (result.info_log == NULL) {
+ // Open a log file in the same directory as the db
+ src.env->CreateDir(dbname); // In case it does not exist
+ src.env->RenameFile(InfoLogFileName(dbname), OldInfoLogFileName(dbname));
+ Status s = src.env->NewLogger(InfoLogFileName(dbname), &result.info_log);
+ if (!s.ok()) {
+ // No place suitable for logging
+ result.info_log = NULL;
+ }
+ }
+ if (result.block_cache == NULL) {
+ result.block_cache = NewLRUCache(8 << 20);
+ }
+ return result;
+}
+
+DBImpl::DBImpl(const Options& options, const std::string& dbname)
+ : env_(options.env),
+ internal_comparator_(options.comparator),
+ internal_filter_policy_(options.filter_policy),
+ options_(SanitizeOptions(
+ dbname, &internal_comparator_, &internal_filter_policy_, options)),
+ owns_info_log_(options_.info_log != options.info_log),
+ owns_cache_(options_.block_cache != options.block_cache),
+ dbname_(dbname),
+ db_lock_(NULL),
+ shutting_down_(NULL),
+ bg_cv_(&mutex_),
+ mem_(new MemTable(internal_comparator_)),
+ imm_(NULL),
+ logfile_(NULL),
+ logfile_number_(0),
+ log_(NULL),
+ tmp_batch_(new WriteBatch),
+ bg_compaction_scheduled_(false),
+ manual_compaction_(NULL) {
+ mem_->Ref();
+ has_imm_.Release_Store(NULL);
+
+ // Reserve ten files or so for other uses and give the rest to TableCache.
+ const int table_cache_size = options.max_open_files - 10;
+ table_cache_ = new TableCache(dbname_, &options_, table_cache_size);
+
+ versions_ = new VersionSet(dbname_, &options_, table_cache_,
+ &internal_comparator_);
+}
+
+DBImpl::~DBImpl() {
+ // Wait for background work to finish
+ mutex_.Lock();
+ shutting_down_.Release_Store(this); // Any non-NULL value is ok
+ while (bg_compaction_scheduled_) {
+ bg_cv_.Wait();
+ }
+ mutex_.Unlock();
+
+ if (db_lock_ != NULL) {
+ env_->UnlockFile(db_lock_);
+ }
+
+ delete versions_;
+ if (mem_ != NULL) mem_->Unref();
+ if (imm_ != NULL) imm_->Unref();
+ delete tmp_batch_;
+ delete log_;
+ delete logfile_;
+ delete table_cache_;
+
+ if (owns_info_log_) {
+ delete options_.info_log;
+ }
+ if (owns_cache_) {
+ delete options_.block_cache;
+ }
+}
+
+Status DBImpl::NewDB() {
+ VersionEdit new_db;
+ new_db.SetComparatorName(user_comparator()->Name());
+ new_db.SetLogNumber(0);
+ new_db.SetNextFile(2);
+ new_db.SetLastSequence(0);
+
+ const std::string manifest = DescriptorFileName(dbname_, 1);
+ WritableFile* file;
+ Status s = env_->NewWritableFile(manifest, &file);
+ if (!s.ok()) {
+ return s;
+ }
+ {
+ log::Writer log(file);
+ std::string record;
+ new_db.EncodeTo(&record);
+ s = log.AddRecord(record);
+ if (s.ok()) {
+ s = file->Close();
+ }
+ }
+ delete file;
+ if (s.ok()) {
+ // Make "CURRENT" file that points to the new manifest file.
+ s = SetCurrentFile(env_, dbname_, 1);
+ } else {
+ env_->DeleteFile(manifest);
+ }
+ return s;
+}
+
+void DBImpl::MaybeIgnoreError(Status* s) const {
+ if (s->ok() || options_.paranoid_checks) {
+ // No change needed
+ } else {
+ Log(options_.info_log, "Ignoring error %s", s->ToString().c_str());
+ *s = Status::OK();
+ }
+}
+
+void DBImpl::DeleteObsoleteFiles() {
+ // Make a set of all of the live files
+ std::set<uint64_t> live = pending_outputs_;
+ versions_->AddLiveFiles(&live);
+
+ std::vector<std::string> filenames;
+ env_->GetChildren(dbname_, &filenames); // Ignoring errors on purpose
+ uint64_t number;
+ FileType type;
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < filenames.size(); i++) {
+ if (ParseFileName(filenames[i], &number, &type)) {
+ bool keep = true;
+ switch (type) {
+ case kLogFile:
+ keep = ((number >= versions_->LogNumber()) ||
+ (number == versions_->PrevLogNumber()));
+ break;
+ case kDescriptorFile:
+ // Keep my manifest file, and any newer incarnations'
+ // (in case there is a race that allows other incarnations)
+ keep = (number >= versions_->ManifestFileNumber());
+ break;
+ case kTableFile:
+ keep = (live.find(number) != live.end());
+ break;
+ case kTempFile:
+ // Any temp files that are currently being written to must
+ // be recorded in pending_outputs_, which is inserted into "live"
+ keep = (live.find(number) != live.end());
+ break;
+ case kCurrentFile:
+ case kDBLockFile:
+ case kInfoLogFile:
+ keep = true;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (!keep) {
+ if (type == kTableFile) {
+ table_cache_->Evict(number);
+ }
+ Log(options_.info_log, "Delete type=%d #%lld\n",
+ int(type),
+ static_cast<unsigned long long>(number));
+ env_->DeleteFile(dbname_ + "/" + filenames[i]);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+Status DBImpl::Recover(VersionEdit* edit) {
+ mutex_.AssertHeld();
+
+ // Ignore error from CreateDir since the creation of the DB is
+ // committed only when the descriptor is created, and this directory
+ // may already exist from a previous failed creation attempt.
+ env_->CreateDir(dbname_);
+ assert(db_lock_ == NULL);
+ Status s = env_->LockFile(LockFileName(dbname_), &db_lock_);
+ if (!s.ok()) {
+ return s;
+ }
+
+ if (!env_->FileExists(CurrentFileName(dbname_))) {
+ if (options_.create_if_missing) {
+ s = NewDB();
+ if (!s.ok()) {
+ return s;
+ }
+ } else {
+ return Status::InvalidArgument(
+ dbname_, "does not exist (create_if_missing is false)");
+ }
+ } else {
+ if (options_.error_if_exists) {
+ return Status::InvalidArgument(
+ dbname_, "exists (error_if_exists is true)");
+ }
+ }
+
+ s = versions_->Recover();
+ if (s.ok()) {
+ SequenceNumber max_sequence(0);
+
+ // Recover from all newer log files than the ones named in the
+ // descriptor (new log files may have been added by the previous
+ // incarnation without registering them in the descriptor).
+ //
+ // Note that PrevLogNumber() is no longer used, but we pay
+ // attention to it in case we are recovering a database
+ // produced by an older version of leveldb.
+ const uint64_t min_log = versions_->LogNumber();
+ const uint64_t prev_log = versions_->PrevLogNumber();
+ std::vector<std::string> filenames;
+ s = env_->GetChildren(dbname_, &filenames);
+ if (!s.ok()) {
+ return s;
+ }
+ uint64_t number;
+ FileType type;
+ std::vector<uint64_t> logs;
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < filenames.size(); i++) {
+ if (ParseFileName(filenames[i], &number, &type)
+ && type == kLogFile
+ && ((number >= min_log) || (number == prev_log))) {
+ logs.push_back(number);
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Recover in the order in which the logs were generated
+ std::sort(logs.begin(), logs.end());
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < logs.size(); i++) {
+ s = RecoverLogFile(logs[i], edit, &max_sequence);
+
+ // The previous incarnation may not have written any MANIFEST
+ // records after allocating this log number. So we manually
+ // update the file number allocation counter in VersionSet.
+ versions_->MarkFileNumberUsed(logs[i]);
+ }
+
+ if (s.ok()) {
+ if (versions_->LastSequence() < max_sequence) {
+ versions_->SetLastSequence(max_sequence);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ return s;
+}
+
+Status DBImpl::RecoverLogFile(uint64_t log_number,
+ VersionEdit* edit,
+ SequenceNumber* max_sequence) {
+ struct LogReporter : public log::Reader::Reporter {
+ Env* env;
+ Logger* info_log;
+ const char* fname;
+ Status* status; // NULL if options_.paranoid_checks==false
+ virtual void Corruption(size_t bytes, const Status& s) {
+ Log(info_log, "%s%s: dropping %d bytes; %s",
+ (this->status == NULL ? "(ignoring error) " : ""),
+ fname, static_cast<int>(bytes), s.ToString().c_str());
+ if (this->status != NULL && this->status->ok()) *this->status = s;
+ }
+ };
+
+ mutex_.AssertHeld();
+
+ // Open the log file
+ std::string fname = LogFileName(dbname_, log_number);
+ SequentialFile* file;
+ Status status = env_->NewSequentialFile(fname, &file);
+ if (!status.ok()) {
+ MaybeIgnoreError(&status);
+ return status;
+ }
+
+ // Create the log reader.
+ LogReporter reporter;
+ reporter.env = env_;
+ reporter.info_log = options_.info_log;
+ reporter.fname = fname.c_str();
+ reporter.status = (options_.paranoid_checks ? &status : NULL);
+ // We intentially make log::Reader do checksumming even if
+ // paranoid_checks==false so that corruptions cause entire commits
+ // to be skipped instead of propagating bad information (like overly
+ // large sequence numbers).
+ log::Reader reader(file, &reporter, true/*checksum*/,
+ 0/*initial_offset*/);
+ Log(options_.info_log, "Recovering log #%llu",
+ (unsigned long long) log_number);
+
+ // Read all the records and add to a memtable
+ std::string scratch;
+ Slice record;
+ WriteBatch batch;
+ MemTable* mem = NULL;
+ while (reader.ReadRecord(&record, &scratch) &&
+ status.ok()) {
+ if (record.size() < 12) {
+ reporter.Corruption(
+ record.size(), Status::Corruption("log record too small"));
+ continue;
+ }
+ WriteBatchInternal::SetContents(&batch, record);
+
+ if (mem == NULL) {
+ mem = new MemTable(internal_comparator_);
+ mem->Ref();
+ }
+ status = WriteBatchInternal::InsertInto(&batch, mem);
+ MaybeIgnoreError(&status);
+ if (!status.ok()) {
+ break;
+ }
+ const SequenceNumber last_seq =
+ WriteBatchInternal::Sequence(&batch) +
+ WriteBatchInternal::Count(&batch) - 1;
+ if (last_seq > *max_sequence) {
+ *max_sequence = last_seq;
+ }
+
+ if (mem->ApproximateMemoryUsage() > options_.write_buffer_size) {
+ status = WriteLevel0Table(mem, edit, NULL);
+ if (!status.ok()) {
+ // Reflect errors immediately so that conditions like full
+ // file-systems cause the DB::Open() to fail.
+ break;
+ }
+ mem->Unref();
+ mem = NULL;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (status.ok() && mem != NULL) {
+ status = WriteLevel0Table(mem, edit, NULL);
+ // Reflect errors immediately so that conditions like full
+ // file-systems cause the DB::Open() to fail.
+ }
+
+ if (mem != NULL) mem->Unref();
+ delete file;
+ return status;
+}
+
+Status DBImpl::WriteLevel0Table(MemTable* mem, VersionEdit* edit,
+ Version* base) {
+ mutex_.AssertHeld();
+ const uint64_t start_micros = env_->NowMicros();
+ FileMetaData meta;
+ meta.number = versions_->NewFileNumber();
+ pending_outputs_.insert(meta.number);
+ Iterator* iter = mem->NewIterator();
+ Log(options_.info_log, "Level-0 table #%llu: started",
+ (unsigned long long) meta.number);
+
+ Status s;
+ {
+ mutex_.Unlock();
+ s = BuildTable(dbname_, env_, options_, table_cache_, iter, &meta);
+ mutex_.Lock();
+ }
+
+ Log(options_.info_log, "Level-0 table #%llu: %lld bytes %s",
+ (unsigned long long) meta.number,
+ (unsigned long long) meta.file_size,
+ s.ToString().c_str());
+ delete iter;
+ pending_outputs_.erase(meta.number);
+
+
+ // Note that if file_size is zero, the file has been deleted and
+ // should not be added to the manifest.
+ int level = 0;
+ if (s.ok() && meta.file_size > 0) {
+ const Slice min_user_key = meta.smallest.user_key();
+ const Slice max_user_key = meta.largest.user_key();
+ if (base != NULL) {
+ level = base->PickLevelForMemTableOutput(min_user_key, max_user_key);
+ }
+ edit->AddFile(level, meta.number, meta.file_size,
+ meta.smallest, meta.largest);
+ }
+
+ CompactionStats stats;
+ stats.micros = env_->NowMicros() - start_micros;
+ stats.bytes_written = meta.file_size;
+ stats_[level].Add(stats);
+ return s;
+}
+
+Status DBImpl::CompactMemTable() {
+ mutex_.AssertHeld();
+ assert(imm_ != NULL);
+
+ // Save the contents of the memtable as a new Table
+ VersionEdit edit;
+ Version* base = versions_->current();
+ base->Ref();
+ Status s = WriteLevel0Table(imm_, &edit, base);
+ base->Unref();
+
+ if (s.ok() && shutting_down_.Acquire_Load()) {
+ s = Status::IOError("Deleting DB during memtable compaction");
+ }
+
+ // Replace immutable memtable with the generated Table
+ if (s.ok()) {
+ edit.SetPrevLogNumber(0);
+ edit.SetLogNumber(logfile_number_); // Earlier logs no longer needed
+ s = versions_->LogAndApply(&edit, &mutex_);
+ }
+
+ if (s.ok()) {
+ // Commit to the new state
+ imm_->Unref();
+ imm_ = NULL;
+ has_imm_.Release_Store(NULL);
+ DeleteObsoleteFiles();
+ }
+
+ return s;
+}
+
+void DBImpl::CompactRange(const Slice* begin, const Slice* end) {
+ int max_level_with_files = 1;
+ {
+ MutexLock l(&mutex_);
+ Version* base = versions_->current();
+ for (int level = 1; level < config::kNumLevels; level++) {
+ if (base->OverlapInLevel(level, begin, end)) {
+ max_level_with_files = level;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ TEST_CompactMemTable(); // TODO(sanjay): Skip if memtable does not overlap
+ for (int level = 0; level < max_level_with_files; level++) {
+ TEST_CompactRange(level, begin, end);
+ }
+}
+
+void DBImpl::TEST_CompactRange(int level, const Slice* begin,const Slice* end) {
+ assert(level >= 0);
+ assert(level + 1 < config::kNumLevels);
+
+ InternalKey begin_storage, end_storage;
+
+ ManualCompaction manual;
+ manual.level = level;
+ manual.done = false;
+ if (begin == NULL) {
+ manual.begin = NULL;
+ } else {
+ begin_storage = InternalKey(*begin, kMaxSequenceNumber, kValueTypeForSeek);
+ manual.begin = &begin_storage;
+ }
+ if (end == NULL) {
+ manual.end = NULL;
+ } else {
+ end_storage = InternalKey(*end, 0, static_cast<ValueType>(0));
+ manual.end = &end_storage;
+ }
+
+ MutexLock l(&mutex_);
+ while (!manual.done) {
+ while (manual_compaction_ != NULL) {
+ bg_cv_.Wait();
+ }
+ manual_compaction_ = &manual;
+ MaybeScheduleCompaction();
+ while (manual_compaction_ == &manual) {
+ bg_cv_.Wait();
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+Status DBImpl::TEST_CompactMemTable() {
+ // NULL batch means just wait for earlier writes to be done
+ Status s = Write(WriteOptions(), NULL);
+ if (s.ok()) {
+ // Wait until the compaction completes
+ MutexLock l(&mutex_);
+ while (imm_ != NULL && bg_error_.ok()) {
+ bg_cv_.Wait();
+ }
+ if (imm_ != NULL) {
+ s = bg_error_;
+ }
+ }
+ return s;
+}
+
+void DBImpl::MaybeScheduleCompaction() {
+ mutex_.AssertHeld();
+ if (bg_compaction_scheduled_) {
+ // Already scheduled
+ } else if (shutting_down_.Acquire_Load()) {
+ // DB is being deleted; no more background compactions
+ } else if (imm_ == NULL &&
+ manual_compaction_ == NULL &&
+ !versions_->NeedsCompaction()) {
+ // No work to be done
+ } else {
+ bg_compaction_scheduled_ = true;
+ env_->Schedule(&DBImpl::BGWork, this);
+ }
+}
+
+void DBImpl::BGWork(void* db) {
+ reinterpret_cast<DBImpl*>(db)->BackgroundCall();
+}
+
+void DBImpl::BackgroundCall() {
+ MutexLock l(&mutex_);
+ assert(bg_compaction_scheduled_);
+ if (!shutting_down_.Acquire_Load()) {
+ Status s = BackgroundCompaction();
+ if (!s.ok()) {
+ // Wait a little bit before retrying background compaction in
+ // case this is an environmental problem and we do not want to
+ // chew up resources for failed compactions for the duration of
+ // the problem.
+ bg_cv_.SignalAll(); // In case a waiter can proceed despite the error
+ Log(options_.info_log, "Waiting after background compaction error: %s",
+ s.ToString().c_str());
+ mutex_.Unlock();
+ env_->SleepForMicroseconds(1000000);
+ mutex_.Lock();
+ }
+ }
+
+ bg_compaction_scheduled_ = false;
+
+ // Previous compaction may have produced too many files in a level,
+ // so reschedule another compaction if needed.
+ MaybeScheduleCompaction();
+ bg_cv_.SignalAll();
+}
+
+Status DBImpl::BackgroundCompaction() {
+ mutex_.AssertHeld();
+
+ if (imm_ != NULL) {
+ return CompactMemTable();
+ }
+
+ Compaction* c;
+ bool is_manual = (manual_compaction_ != NULL);
+ InternalKey manual_end;
+ if (is_manual) {
+ ManualCompaction* m = manual_compaction_;
+ c = versions_->CompactRange(m->level, m->begin, m->end);
+ m->done = (c == NULL);
+ if (c != NULL) {
+ manual_end = c->input(0, c->num_input_files(0) - 1)->largest;
+ }
+ Log(options_.info_log,
+ "Manual compaction at level-%d from %s .. %s; will stop at %s\n",
+ m->level,
+ (m->begin ? m->begin->DebugString().c_str() : "(begin)"),
+ (m->end ? m->end->DebugString().c_str() : "(end)"),
+ (m->done ? "(end)" : manual_end.DebugString().c_str()));
+ } else {
+ c = versions_->PickCompaction();
+ }
+
+ Status status;
+ if (c == NULL) {
+ // Nothing to do
+ } else if (!is_manual && c->IsTrivialMove()) {
+ // Move file to next level
+ assert(c->num_input_files(0) == 1);
+ FileMetaData* f = c->input(0, 0);
+ c->edit()->DeleteFile(c->level(), f->number);
+ c->edit()->AddFile(c->level() + 1, f->number, f->file_size,
+ f->smallest, f->largest);
+ status = versions_->LogAndApply(c->edit(), &mutex_);
+ VersionSet::LevelSummaryStorage tmp;
+ Log(options_.info_log, "Moved #%lld to level-%d %lld bytes %s: %s\n",
+ static_cast<unsigned long long>(f->number),
+ c->level() + 1,
+ static_cast<unsigned long long>(f->file_size),
+ status.ToString().c_str(),
+ versions_->LevelSummary(&tmp));
+ } else {
+ CompactionState* compact = new CompactionState(c);
+ status = DoCompactionWork(compact);
+ CleanupCompaction(compact);
+ c->ReleaseInputs();
+ DeleteObsoleteFiles();
+ }
+ delete c;
+
+ if (status.ok()) {
+ // Done
+ } else if (shutting_down_.Acquire_Load()) {
+ // Ignore compaction errors found during shutting down
+ } else {
+ Log(options_.info_log,
+ "Compaction error: %s", status.ToString().c_str());
+ if (options_.paranoid_checks && bg_error_.ok()) {
+ bg_error_ = status;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (is_manual) {
+ ManualCompaction* m = manual_compaction_;
+ if (!status.ok()) {
+ m->done = true;
+ }
+ if (!m->done) {
+ // We only compacted part of the requested range. Update *m
+ // to the range that is left to be compacted.
+ m->tmp_storage = manual_end;
+ m->begin = &m->tmp_storage;
+ }
+ manual_compaction_ = NULL;
+ }
+ return status;
+}
+
+void DBImpl::CleanupCompaction(CompactionState* compact) {
+ mutex_.AssertHeld();
+ if (compact->builder != NULL) {
+ // May happen if we get a shutdown call in the middle of compaction
+ compact->builder->Abandon();
+ delete compact->builder;
+ } else {
+ assert(compact->outfile == NULL);
+ }
+ delete compact->outfile;
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < compact->outputs.size(); i++) {
+ const CompactionState::Output& out = compact->outputs[i];
+ pending_outputs_.erase(out.number);
+ }
+ delete compact;
+}
+
+Status DBImpl::OpenCompactionOutputFile(CompactionState* compact) {
+ assert(compact != NULL);
+ assert(compact->builder == NULL);
+ uint64_t file_number;
+ {
+ mutex_.Lock();
+ file_number = versions_->NewFileNumber();
+ pending_outputs_.insert(file_number);
+ CompactionState::Output out;
+ out.number = file_number;
+ out.smallest.Clear();
+ out.largest.Clear();
+ compact->outputs.push_back(out);
+ mutex_.Unlock();
+ }
+
+ // Make the output file
+ std::string fname = TableFileName(dbname_, file_number);
+ Status s = env_->NewWritableFile(fname, &compact->outfile);
+ if (s.ok()) {
+ compact->builder = new TableBuilder(options_, compact->outfile);
+ }
+ return s;
+}
+
+Status DBImpl::FinishCompactionOutputFile(CompactionState* compact,
+ Iterator* input) {
+ assert(compact != NULL);
+ assert(compact->outfile != NULL);
+ assert(compact->builder != NULL);
+
+ const uint64_t output_number = compact->current_output()->number;
+ assert(output_number != 0);
+
+ // Check for iterator errors
+ Status s = input->status();
+ const uint64_t current_entries = compact->builder->NumEntries();
+ if (s.ok()) {
+ s = compact->builder->Finish();
+ } else {
+ compact->builder->Abandon();
+ }
+ const uint64_t current_bytes = compact->builder->FileSize();
+ compact->current_output()->file_size = current_bytes;
+ compact->total_bytes += current_bytes;
+ delete compact->builder;
+ compact->builder = NULL;
+
+ // Finish and check for file errors
+ if (s.ok()) {
+ s = compact->outfile->Sync();
+ }
+ if (s.ok()) {
+ s = compact->outfile->Close();
+ }
+ delete compact->outfile;
+ compact->outfile = NULL;
+
+ if (s.ok() && current_entries > 0) {
+ // Verify that the table is usable
+ Iterator* iter = table_cache_->NewIterator(ReadOptions(),
+ output_number,
+ current_bytes);
+ s = iter->status();
+ delete iter;
+ if (s.ok()) {
+ Log(options_.info_log,
+ "Generated table #%llu: %lld keys, %lld bytes",
+ (unsigned long long) output_number,
+ (unsigned long long) current_entries,
+ (unsigned long long) current_bytes);
+ }
+ }
+ return s;
+}
+
+
+Status DBImpl::InstallCompactionResults(CompactionState* compact) {
+ mutex_.AssertHeld();
+ Log(options_.info_log, "Compacted %d@%d + %d@%d files => %lld bytes",
+ compact->compaction->num_input_files(0),
+ compact->compaction->level(),
+ compact->compaction->num_input_files(1),
+ compact->compaction->level() + 1,
+ static_cast<long long>(compact->total_bytes));
+
+ // Add compaction outputs
+ compact->compaction->AddInputDeletions(compact->compaction->edit());
+ const int level = compact->compaction->level();
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < compact->outputs.size(); i++) {
+ const CompactionState::Output& out = compact->outputs[i];
+ compact->compaction->edit()->AddFile(
+ level + 1,
+ out.number, out.file_size, out.smallest, out.largest);
+ }
+ return versions_->LogAndApply(compact->compaction->edit(), &mutex_);
+}
+
+Status DBImpl::DoCompactionWork(CompactionState* compact) {
+ const uint64_t start_micros = env_->NowMicros();
+ int64_t imm_micros = 0; // Micros spent doing imm_ compactions
+
+ Log(options_.info_log, "Compacting %d@%d + %d@%d files",
+ compact->compaction->num_input_files(0),
+ compact->compaction->level(),
+ compact->compaction->num_input_files(1),
+ compact->compaction->level() + 1);
+
+ assert(versions_->NumLevelFiles(compact->compaction->level()) > 0);
+ assert(compact->builder == NULL);
+ assert(compact->outfile == NULL);
+ if (snapshots_.empty()) {
+ compact->smallest_snapshot = versions_->LastSequence();
+ } else {
+ compact->smallest_snapshot = snapshots_.oldest()->number_;
+ }
+
+ // Release mutex while we're actually doing the compaction work
+ mutex_.Unlock();
+
+ Iterator* input = versions_->MakeInputIterator(compact->compaction);
+ input->SeekToFirst();
+ Status status;
+ ParsedInternalKey ikey;
+ std::string current_user_key;
+ bool has_current_user_key = false;
+ SequenceNumber last_sequence_for_key = kMaxSequenceNumber;
+ for (; input->Valid() && !shutting_down_.Acquire_Load(); ) {
+ // Prioritize immutable compaction work
+ if (has_imm_.NoBarrier_Load() != NULL) {
+ const uint64_t imm_start = env_->NowMicros();
+ mutex_.Lock();
+ if (imm_ != NULL) {
+ CompactMemTable();
+ bg_cv_.SignalAll(); // Wakeup MakeRoomForWrite() if necessary
+ }
+ mutex_.Unlock();
+ imm_micros += (env_->NowMicros() - imm_start);
+ }
+
+ Slice key = input->key();
+ if (compact->compaction->ShouldStopBefore(key) &&
+ compact->builder != NULL) {
+ status = FinishCompactionOutputFile(compact, input);
+ if (!status.ok()) {
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Handle key/value, add to state, etc.
+ bool drop = false;
+ if (!ParseInternalKey(key, &ikey)) {
+ // Do not hide error keys
+ current_user_key.clear();
+ has_current_user_key = false;
+ last_sequence_for_key = kMaxSequenceNumber;
+ } else {
+ if (!has_current_user_key ||
+ user_comparator()->Compare(ikey.user_key,
+ Slice(current_user_key)) != 0) {
+ // First occurrence of this user key
+ current_user_key.assign(ikey.user_key.data(), ikey.user_key.size());
+ has_current_user_key = true;
+ last_sequence_for_key = kMaxSequenceNumber;
+ }
+
+ if (last_sequence_for_key <= compact->smallest_snapshot) {
+ // Hidden by an newer entry for same user key
+ drop = true; // (A)
+ } else if (ikey.type == kTypeDeletion &&
+ ikey.sequence <= compact->smallest_snapshot &&
+ compact->compaction->IsBaseLevelForKey(ikey.user_key)) {
+ // For this user key:
+ // (1) there is no data in higher levels
+ // (2) data in lower levels will have larger sequence numbers
+ // (3) data in layers that are being compacted here and have
+ // smaller sequence numbers will be dropped in the next
+ // few iterations of this loop (by rule (A) above).
+ // Therefore this deletion marker is obsolete and can be dropped.
+ drop = true;
+ }
+
+ last_sequence_for_key = ikey.sequence;
+ }
+#if 0
+ Log(options_.info_log,
+ " Compact: %s, seq %d, type: %d %d, drop: %d, is_base: %d, "
+ "%d smallest_snapshot: %d",
+ ikey.user_key.ToString().c_str(),
+ (int)ikey.sequence, ikey.type, kTypeValue, drop,
+ compact->compaction->IsBaseLevelForKey(ikey.user_key),
+ (int)last_sequence_for_key, (int)compact->smallest_snapshot);
+#endif
+
+ if (!drop) {
+ // Open output file if necessary
+ if (compact->builder == NULL) {
+ status = OpenCompactionOutputFile(compact);
+ if (!status.ok()) {
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ if (compact->builder->NumEntries() == 0) {
+ compact->current_output()->smallest.DecodeFrom(key);
+ }
+ compact->current_output()->largest.DecodeFrom(key);
+ compact->builder->Add(key, input->value());
+
+ // Close output file if it is big enough
+ if (compact->builder->FileSize() >=
+ compact->compaction->MaxOutputFileSize()) {
+ status = FinishCompactionOutputFile(compact, input);
+ if (!status.ok()) {
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ input->Next();
+ }
+
+ if (status.ok() && shutting_down_.Acquire_Load()) {
+ status = Status::IOError("Deleting DB during compaction");
+ }
+ if (status.ok() && compact->builder != NULL) {
+ status = FinishCompactionOutputFile(compact, input);
+ }
+ if (status.ok()) {
+ status = input->status();
+ }
+ delete input;
+ input = NULL;
+
+ CompactionStats stats;
+ stats.micros = env_->NowMicros() - start_micros - imm_micros;
+ for (int which = 0; which < 2; which++) {
+ for (int i = 0; i < compact->compaction->num_input_files(which); i++) {
+ stats.bytes_read += compact->compaction->input(which, i)->file_size;
+ }
+ }
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < compact->outputs.size(); i++) {
+ stats.bytes_written += compact->outputs[i].file_size;
+ }
+
+ mutex_.Lock();
+ stats_[compact->compaction->level() + 1].Add(stats);
+
+ if (status.ok()) {
+ status = InstallCompactionResults(compact);
+ }
+ VersionSet::LevelSummaryStorage tmp;
+ Log(options_.info_log,
+ "compacted to: %s", versions_->LevelSummary(&tmp));
+ return status;
+}
+
+namespace {
+struct IterState {
+ port::Mutex* mu;
+ Version* version;
+ MemTable* mem;
+ MemTable* imm;
+};
+
+static void CleanupIteratorState(void* arg1, void* arg2) {
+ IterState* state = reinterpret_cast<IterState*>(arg1);
+ state->mu->Lock();
+ state->mem->Unref();
+ if (state->imm != NULL) state->imm->Unref();
+ state->version->Unref();
+ state->mu->Unlock();
+ delete state;
+}
+} // namespace
+
+Iterator* DBImpl::NewInternalIterator(const ReadOptions& options,
+ SequenceNumber* latest_snapshot) {
+ IterState* cleanup = new IterState;
+ mutex_.Lock();
+ *latest_snapshot = versions_->LastSequence();
+
+ // Collect together all needed child iterators
+ std::vector<Iterator*> list;
+ list.push_back(mem_->NewIterator());
+ mem_->Ref();
+ if (imm_ != NULL) {
+ list.push_back(imm_->NewIterator());
+ imm_->Ref();
+ }
+ versions_->current()->AddIterators(options, &list);
+ Iterator* internal_iter =
+ NewMergingIterator(&internal_comparator_, &list[0], list.size());
+ versions_->current()->Ref();
+
+ cleanup->mu = &mutex_;
+ cleanup->mem = mem_;
+ cleanup->imm = imm_;
+ cleanup->version = versions_->current();
+ internal_iter->RegisterCleanup(CleanupIteratorState, cleanup, NULL);
+
+ mutex_.Unlock();
+ return internal_iter;
+}
+
+Iterator* DBImpl::TEST_NewInternalIterator() {
+ SequenceNumber ignored;
+ return NewInternalIterator(ReadOptions(), &ignored);
+}
+
+int64_t DBImpl::TEST_MaxNextLevelOverlappingBytes() {
+ MutexLock l(&mutex_);
+ return versions_->MaxNextLevelOverlappingBytes();
+}
+
+Status DBImpl::Get(const ReadOptions& options,
+ const Slice& key,
+ std::string* value) {
+ Status s;
+ MutexLock l(&mutex_);
+ SequenceNumber snapshot;
+ if (options.snapshot != NULL) {
+ snapshot = reinterpret_cast<const SnapshotImpl*>(options.snapshot)->number_;
+ } else {
+ snapshot = versions_->LastSequence();
+ }
+
+ MemTable* mem = mem_;
+ MemTable* imm = imm_;
+ Version* current = versions_->current();
+ mem->Ref();
+ if (imm != NULL) imm->Ref();
+ current->Ref();
+
+ bool have_stat_update = false;
+ Version::GetStats stats;
+
+ // Unlock while reading from files and memtables
+ {
+ mutex_.Unlock();
+ // First look in the memtable, then in the immutable memtable (if any).
+ LookupKey lkey(key, snapshot);
+ if (mem->Get(lkey, value, &s)) {
+ // Done
+ } else if (imm != NULL && imm->Get(lkey, value, &s)) {
+ // Done
+ } else {
+ s = current->Get(options, lkey, value, &stats);
+ have_stat_update = true;
+ }
+ mutex_.Lock();
+ }
+
+ if (have_stat_update && current->UpdateStats(stats)) {
+ MaybeScheduleCompaction();
+ }
+ mem->Unref();
+ if (imm != NULL) imm->Unref();
+ current->Unref();
+ return s;
+}
+
+Iterator* DBImpl::NewIterator(const ReadOptions& options) {
+ SequenceNumber latest_snapshot;
+ Iterator* internal_iter = NewInternalIterator(options, &latest_snapshot);
+ return NewDBIterator(
+ &dbname_, env_, user_comparator(), internal_iter,
+ (options.snapshot != NULL
+ ? reinterpret_cast<const SnapshotImpl*>(options.snapshot)->number_
+ : latest_snapshot));
+}
+
+const Snapshot* DBImpl::GetSnapshot() {
+ MutexLock l(&mutex_);
+ return snapshots_.New(versions_->LastSequence());
+}
+
+void DBImpl::ReleaseSnapshot(const Snapshot* s) {
+ MutexLock l(&mutex_);
+ snapshots_.Delete(reinterpret_cast<const SnapshotImpl*>(s));
+}
+
+// Convenience methods
+Status DBImpl::Put(const WriteOptions& o, const Slice& key, const Slice& val) {
+ return DB::Put(o, key, val);
+}
+
+Status DBImpl::Delete(const WriteOptions& options, const Slice& key) {
+ return DB::Delete(options, key);
+}
+
+Status DBImpl::Write(const WriteOptions& options, WriteBatch* my_batch) {
+ Writer w(&mutex_);
+ w.batch = my_batch;
+ w.sync = options.sync;
+ w.done = false;
+
+ MutexLock l(&mutex_);
+ writers_.push_back(&w);
+ while (!w.done && &w != writers_.front()) {
+ w.cv.Wait();
+ }
+ if (w.done) {
+ return w.status;
+ }
+
+ // May temporarily unlock and wait.
+ Status status = MakeRoomForWrite(my_batch == NULL);
+ uint64_t last_sequence = versions_->LastSequence();
+ Writer* last_writer = &w;
+ if (status.ok() && my_batch != NULL) { // NULL batch is for compactions
+ WriteBatch* updates = BuildBatchGroup(&last_writer);
+ WriteBatchInternal::SetSequence(updates, last_sequence + 1);
+ last_sequence += WriteBatchInternal::Count(updates);
+
+ // Add to log and apply to memtable. We can release the lock
+ // during this phase since &w is currently responsible for logging
+ // and protects against concurrent loggers and concurrent writes
+ // into mem_.
+ {
+ mutex_.Unlock();
+ status = log_->AddRecord(WriteBatchInternal::Contents(updates));
+ if (status.ok() && options.sync) {
+ status = logfile_->Sync();
+ }
+ if (status.ok()) {
+ status = WriteBatchInternal::InsertInto(updates, mem_);
+ }
+ mutex_.Lock();
+ }
+ if (updates == tmp_batch_) tmp_batch_->Clear();
+
+ versions_->SetLastSequence(last_sequence);
+ }
+
+ while (true) {
+ Writer* ready = writers_.front();
+ writers_.pop_front();
+ if (ready != &w) {
+ ready->status = status;
+ ready->done = true;
+ ready->cv.Signal();
+ }
+ if (ready == last_writer) break;
+ }
+
+ // Notify new head of write queue
+ if (!writers_.empty()) {
+ writers_.front()->cv.Signal();
+ }
+
+ return status;
+}
+
+// REQUIRES: Writer list must be non-empty
+// REQUIRES: First writer must have a non-NULL batch
+WriteBatch* DBImpl::BuildBatchGroup(Writer** last_writer) {
+ assert(!writers_.empty());
+ Writer* first = writers_.front();
+ WriteBatch* result = first->batch;
+ assert(result != NULL);
+
+ size_t size = WriteBatchInternal::ByteSize(first->batch);
+
+ // Allow the group to grow up to a maximum size, but if the
+ // original write is small, limit the growth so we do not slow
+ // down the small write too much.
+ size_t max_size = 1 << 20;
+ if (size <= (128<<10)) {
+ max_size = size + (128<<10);
+ }
+
+ *last_writer = first;
+ std::deque<Writer*>::iterator iter = writers_.begin();
+ ++iter; // Advance past "first"
+ for (; iter != writers_.end(); ++iter) {
+ Writer* w = *iter;
+ if (w->sync && !first->sync) {
+ // Do not include a sync write into a batch handled by a non-sync write.
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (w->batch != NULL) {
+ size += WriteBatchInternal::ByteSize(w->batch);
+ if (size > max_size) {
+ // Do not make batch too big
+ break;
+ }
+
+ // Append to *reuslt
+ if (result == first->batch) {
+ // Switch to temporary batch instead of disturbing caller's batch
+ result = tmp_batch_;
+ assert(WriteBatchInternal::Count(result) == 0);
+ WriteBatchInternal::Append(result, first->batch);
+ }
+ WriteBatchInternal::Append(result, w->batch);
+ }
+ *last_writer = w;
+ }
+ return result;
+}
+
+// REQUIRES: mutex_ is held
+// REQUIRES: this thread is currently at the front of the writer queue
+Status DBImpl::MakeRoomForWrite(bool force) {
+ mutex_.AssertHeld();
+ assert(!writers_.empty());
+ bool allow_delay = !force;
+ Status s;
+ while (true) {
+ if (!bg_error_.ok()) {
+ // Yield previous error
+ s = bg_error_;
+ break;
+ } else if (
+ allow_delay &&
+ versions_->NumLevelFiles(0) >= config::kL0_SlowdownWritesTrigger) {
+ // We are getting close to hitting a hard limit on the number of
+ // L0 files. Rather than delaying a single write by several
+ // seconds when we hit the hard limit, start delaying each
+ // individual write by 1ms to reduce latency variance. Also,
+ // this delay hands over some CPU to the compaction thread in
+ // case it is sharing the same core as the writer.
+ mutex_.Unlock();
+ env_->SleepForMicroseconds(1000);
+ allow_delay = false; // Do not delay a single write more than once
+ mutex_.Lock();
+ } else if (!force &&
+ (mem_->ApproximateMemoryUsage() <= options_.write_buffer_size)) {
+ // There is room in current memtable
+ break;
+ } else if (imm_ != NULL) {
+ // We have filled up the current memtable, but the previous
+ // one is still being compacted, so we wait.
+ bg_cv_.Wait();
+ } else if (versions_->NumLevelFiles(0) >= config::kL0_StopWritesTrigger) {
+ // There are too many level-0 files.
+ Log(options_.info_log, "waiting...\n");
+ bg_cv_.Wait();
+ } else {
+ // Attempt to switch to a new memtable and trigger compaction of old
+ assert(versions_->PrevLogNumber() == 0);
+ uint64_t new_log_number = versions_->NewFileNumber();
+ WritableFile* lfile = NULL;
+ s = env_->NewWritableFile(LogFileName(dbname_, new_log_number), &lfile);
+ if (!s.ok()) {
+ // Avoid chewing through file number space in a tight loop.
+ versions_->ReuseFileNumber(new_log_number);
+ break;
+ }
+ delete log_;
+ delete logfile_;
+ logfile_ = lfile;
+ logfile_number_ = new_log_number;
+ log_ = new log::Writer(lfile);
+ imm_ = mem_;
+ has_imm_.Release_Store(imm_);
+ mem_ = new MemTable(internal_comparator_);
+ mem_->Ref();
+ force = false; // Do not force another compaction if have room
+ MaybeScheduleCompaction();
+ }
+ }
+ return s;
+}
+
+bool DBImpl::GetProperty(const Slice& property, std::string* value) {
+ value->clear();
+
+ MutexLock l(&mutex_);
+ Slice in = property;
+ Slice prefix("leveldb.");
+ if (!in.starts_with(prefix)) return false;
+ in.remove_prefix(prefix.size());
+
+ if (in.starts_with("num-files-at-level")) {
+ in.remove_prefix(strlen("num-files-at-level"));
+ uint64_t level;
+ bool ok = ConsumeDecimalNumber(&in, &level) && in.empty();
+ if (!ok || level >= config::kNumLevels) {
+ return false;
+ } else {
+ char buf[100];
+ snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d",
+ versions_->NumLevelFiles(static_cast<int>(level)));
+ *value = buf;
+ return true;
+ }
+ } else if (in == "stats") {
+ char buf[200];
+ snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
+ " Compactions\n"
+ "Level Files Size(MB) Time(sec) Read(MB) Write(MB)\n"
+ "--------------------------------------------------\n"
+ );
+ value->append(buf);
+ for (int level = 0; level < config::kNumLevels; level++) {
+ int files = versions_->NumLevelFiles(level);
+ if (stats_[level].micros > 0 || files > 0) {
+ snprintf(
+ buf, sizeof(buf),
+ "%3d %8d %8.0f %9.0f %8.0f %9.0f\n",
+ level,
+ files,
+ versions_->NumLevelBytes(level) / 1048576.0,
+ stats_[level].micros / 1e6,
+ stats_[level].bytes_read / 1048576.0,
+ stats_[level].bytes_written / 1048576.0);
+ value->append(buf);
+ }
+ }
+ return true;
+ } else if (in == "sstables") {
+ *value = versions_->current()->DebugString();
+ return true;
+ }
+
+ return false;
+}
+
+void DBImpl::GetApproximateSizes(
+ const Range* range, int n,
+ uint64_t* sizes) {
+ // TODO(opt): better implementation
+ Version* v;
+ {
+ MutexLock l(&mutex_);
+ versions_->current()->Ref();
+ v = versions_->current();
+ }
+
+ for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+ // Convert user_key into a corresponding internal key.
+ InternalKey k1(range[i].start, kMaxSequenceNumber, kValueTypeForSeek);
+ InternalKey k2(range[i].limit, kMaxSequenceNumber, kValueTypeForSeek);
+ uint64_t start = versions_->ApproximateOffsetOf(v, k1);
+ uint64_t limit = versions_->ApproximateOffsetOf(v, k2);
+ sizes[i] = (limit >= start ? limit - start : 0);
+ }
+
+ {
+ MutexLock l(&mutex_);
+ v->Unref();
+ }
+}
+
+// Default implementations of convenience methods that subclasses of DB
+// can call if they wish
+Status DB::Put(const WriteOptions& opt, const Slice& key, const Slice& value) {
+ WriteBatch batch;
+ batch.Put(key, value);
+ return Write(opt, &batch);
+}
+
+Status DB::Delete(const WriteOptions& opt, const Slice& key) {
+ WriteBatch batch;
+ batch.Delete(key);
+ return Write(opt, &batch);
+}
+
+DB::~DB() { }
+
+Status DB::Open(const Options& options, const std::string& dbname,
+ DB** dbptr) {
+ *dbptr = NULL;
+
+ DBImpl* impl = new DBImpl(options, dbname);
+ impl->mutex_.Lock();
+ VersionEdit edit;
+ Status s = impl->Recover(&edit); // Handles create_if_missing, error_if_exists
+ if (s.ok()) {
+ uint64_t new_log_number = impl->versions_->NewFileNumber();
+ WritableFile* lfile;
+ s = options.env->NewWritableFile(LogFileName(dbname, new_log_number),
+ &lfile);
+ if (s.ok()) {
+ edit.SetLogNumber(new_log_number);
+ impl->logfile_ = lfile;
+ impl->logfile_number_ = new_log_number;
+ impl->log_ = new log::Writer(lfile);
+ s = impl->versions_->LogAndApply(&edit, &impl->mutex_);
+ }
+ if (s.ok()) {
+ impl->DeleteObsoleteFiles();
+ impl->MaybeScheduleCompaction();
+ }
+ }
+ impl->mutex_.Unlock();
+ if (s.ok()) {
+ *dbptr = impl;
+ } else {
+ delete impl;
+ }
+ return s;
+}
+
+Snapshot::~Snapshot() {
+}
+
+Status DestroyDB(const std::string& dbname, const Options& options) {
+ Env* env = options.env;
+ std::vector<std::string> filenames;
+ // Ignore error in case directory does not exist
+ env->GetChildren(dbname, &filenames);
+ if (filenames.empty()) {
+ return Status::OK();
+ }
+
+ FileLock* lock;
+ const std::string lockname = LockFileName(dbname);
+ Status result = env->LockFile(lockname, &lock);
+ if (result.ok()) {
+ uint64_t number;
+ FileType type;
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < filenames.size(); i++) {
+ if (ParseFileName(filenames[i], &number, &type) &&
+ type != kDBLockFile) { // Lock file will be deleted at end
+ Status del = env->DeleteFile(dbname + "/" + filenames[i]);
+ if (result.ok() && !del.ok()) {
+ result = del;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ env->UnlockFile(lock); // Ignore error since state is already gone
+ env->DeleteFile(lockname);
+ env->DeleteDir(dbname); // Ignore error in case dir contains other files
+ }
+ return result;
+}
+
+} // namespace leveldb