Merge bitcoin/bitcoin#23173: Add `ChainstateManager::ProcessTransaction`

0fdb619aaf1d62598263361a6082d182be1af792 [validation] Always call mempool.check() after processing a new transaction (John Newbery)
2c64270bbe523ef87e7225c351464e7c716f0b3e [refactor] Don't call AcceptToMemoryPool() from outside validation.cpp (John Newbery)
92a3aeecf6a82e9cbc9fda11022b0548efd24d05 [validation] Add CChainState::ProcessTransaction() (John Newbery)
36167faea92c97ddea7403280a5074073c8e5f90 [logging/documentation] Remove reference to AcceptToMemoryPool from error string (John Newbery)
4c24142b1ec121623f81ba644d77341bc1bd88dd [validation] Remove comment about AcceptToMemoryPool() (John Newbery)
5759fd12b8d5937e9187fa33489a95b1d8e6d1e5 [test] Don't set bypass_limits to true in txvalidation_tests.cpp (John Newbery)
497c9e29640858bb3beb20089c2d4f9e133c7e42 [test] Don't set bypass_limits to true in txvalidationcache_tests.cpp (John Newbery)

Pull request description:

  Similarly to how #18698 added `ProcessNewBlock()` and `ProcessNewBlockHeaders()` methods to the `ChainstateManager` class, this PR adds a new `ProcessTransaction()` method. Code outside validation no longer calls `AcceptToMemoryPool()` directly, but calls through the higher-level `ProcessTransaction()` method. Advantages:

  - The interface is simplified. Calling code no longer needs to know about the active chainstate or mempool object, since `AcceptToMemoryPool()` can only ever be called for the active chainstate, and that chainstate knows which mempool it's using. We can also remove the `bypass_limits` argument, since that can only be used internally in validation.
  - responsibility for calling `CTxMemPool::check()` is removed from the callers, and run automatically by `ChainstateManager` every time `ProcessTransaction()` is called.

ACKs for top commit:
  lsilva01:
    tACK 0fdb619 on Ubuntu 20.04
  theStack:
    Code-review ACK 0fdb619aaf1d62598263361a6082d182be1af792
  ryanofsky:
    Code review ACK 0fdb619aaf1d62598263361a6082d182be1af792. Only changes since last review: splitting & joining commits, adding more explanations to commit messages, tweaking MEMPOOL_ERROR string, fixing up argument name comments.

Tree-SHA512: 0b395c2e3ef242f0d41d47174b1646b0a73aeece38f1fe29349837e6fb832f4bf8d57e1a1eaed82a97c635cfd59015a7e07f824e0d7c00b2bee4144e80608172

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