Merge #19386: rpc: Assert that RPCArg names are equal to CRPCCommand ones (server)

fa7592bfa8691eb0289b21da3571709a18391b0f rpc: Update server to use new RPCHelpMan (MarcoFalke)
aaaaad562790cd4dce1568ae193f5393aacacedf rpc: Add option to hide RPCArg (MarcoFalke)
fa9708f94c01cb8bf2971bdf404af38c38fa341b rpc: Assert that passed arg names are equal to hardcoded ones (MarcoFalke)
faaeb2b0b347b40ce456a951eec5e820587e5b02 rpc: Add CRPCCommand constructor which takes RPCHelpMan (MarcoFalke)
fa8ec00061567e56333bb69c5623919d45a9a92d rpc: Check that left section is not multiline (MarcoFalke)

Pull request description:

  This is split out from #18531 to just touch the RPC methods in server. Description from the main pr:

  ### Motivation

  RPCArg names in the rpc help are currently only used for documentation. However, in the future they could be used to teach the server the named arguments. Named arguments are currently registered by the `CRPCCommand`s and duplicate the RPCArg names from the documentation. This redundancy is fragile, and has lead to errors in the past (despite having linters to catch those kind of errors). See section "bugs found" for a list of bugs that have been found as a result of the changes here.

  ### Changes

  The changes here add an assert in the `CRPCCommand` constructor that the RPCArg names are identical to the ones in the `CRPCCommand`.

  ### Future work

  > Here or follow up, makes sense to also assert type of returned UniValue?

  Sure, but let's not get ahead of ourselves. I am going to submit any further works as follow-ups, including:

  * Removing the CRPCCommand arguments, now that they are asserted to be equal and thus redundant
  * Removing all python regex linters on the args, now that RPCMan can be used to generate any output, including the cli.cpp table
  * Auto-formatting and sanity checking the RPCExamples with RPCMan
  * Checking passed-in json in self-check. Removing redundant checks
  * Checking returned json against documentation to avoid regressions or false documentation
  * Compile the RPC documentation at compile-time to ensure it doesn't change at runtime and is completely static

  ### Bugs found

  * The assert identified issue #18607
  * The changes itself fixed bug #19250

ACKs for top commit:
  laanwj:
    ACK fa7592bfa8691eb0289b21da3571709a18391b0f
  ryanofsky:
    Code review ACK fa7592bfa8691eb0289b21da3571709a18391b0f. Looks great! Just some hidden arg and Check() and comment cleanups since last review

Tree-SHA512: e64b6a212f4a3aeedeee47557559bde104d5fd40cdc1746b27eb2f3d4c8885d5e6e4dd287595ea11cdbc6a939654fe103cae765fd505875444d851f0abb11308

4 files changed, 85 insertions, 45 deletions

diff --git a/src/rpc/server.cpp b/src/rpc/server.cpp
index de8791a935..e5f6b1b9f1 100644
--- a/src/rpc/server.cpp
+++ b/src/rpc/server.cpp
@@ -130,11 +130,9 @@ std::string CRPCTable::help(const std::string& strCommand, const JSONRPCRequest&
     return strRet;
 }
 
-UniValue help(const JSONRPCRequest& jsonRequest)
+static RPCHelpMan help()
 {
-    if (jsonRequest.fHelp || jsonRequest.params.size() > 1)
-        throw std::runtime_error(
-            RPCHelpMan{"help",
+    return RPCHelpMan{"help",
                 "\nList all commands, or get help for a specified command.\n",
                 {
                     {"command", RPCArg::Type::STR, /* default */ "all commands", "The command to get help on"},
@@ -143,32 +141,32 @@ UniValue help(const JSONRPCRequest& jsonRequest)
                     RPCResult::Type::STR, "", "The help text"
                 },
                 RPCExamples{""},
-            }.ToString()
-        );
-
+        [&](const RPCHelpMan& self, const JSONRPCRequest& jsonRequest) -> UniValue
+{
     std::string strCommand;
     if (jsonRequest.params.size() > 0)
         strCommand = jsonRequest.params[0].get_str();
 
     return tableRPC.help(strCommand, jsonRequest);
+},
+    };
 }
 
-
-UniValue stop(const JSONRPCRequest& jsonRequest)
+static RPCHelpMan stop()
 {
     static const std::string RESULT{PACKAGE_NAME " stopping"};
-    // Accept the deprecated and ignored 'detach' boolean argument
+    return RPCHelpMan{"stop",
     // Also accept the hidden 'wait' integer argument (milliseconds)
     // For instance, 'stop 1000' makes the call wait 1 second before returning
     // to the client (intended for testing)
-    if (jsonRequest.fHelp || jsonRequest.params.size() > 1)
-        throw std::runtime_error(
-            RPCHelpMan{"stop",
                 "\nRequest a graceful shutdown of " PACKAGE_NAME ".",
-                {},
+                {
+                    {"wait", RPCArg::Type::NUM, RPCArg::Optional::OMITTED_NAMED_ARG, "how long to wait in ms", "", {}, /* hidden */ true},
+                },
                 RPCResult{RPCResult::Type::STR, "", "A string with the content '" + RESULT + "'"},
                 RPCExamples{""},
-            }.ToString());
+        [&](const RPCHelpMan& self, const JSONRPCRequest& jsonRequest) -> UniValue
+{
     // Event loop will exit after current HTTP requests have been handled, so
     // this reply will get back to the client.
     StartShutdown();
@@ -176,11 +174,13 @@ UniValue stop(const JSONRPCRequest& jsonRequest)
         UninterruptibleSleep(std::chrono::milliseconds{jsonRequest.params[0].get_int()});
     }
     return RESULT;
+},
+    };
 }
 
-static UniValue uptime(const JSONRPCRequest& jsonRequest)
+static RPCHelpMan uptime()
 {
-            RPCHelpMan{"uptime",
+    return RPCHelpMan{"uptime",
                 "\nReturns the total uptime of the server.\n",
                             {},
                             RPCResult{
@@ -190,14 +190,16 @@ static UniValue uptime(const JSONRPCRequest& jsonRequest)
                     HelpExampleCli("uptime", "")
                 + HelpExampleRpc("uptime", "")
                 },
-            }.Check(jsonRequest);
-
+        [&](const RPCHelpMan& self, const JSONRPCRequest& request) -> UniValue
+{
     return GetTime() - GetStartupTime();
 }
+    };
+}
 
-static UniValue getrpcinfo(const JSONRPCRequest& request)
+static RPCHelpMan getrpcinfo()
 {
-            RPCHelpMan{"getrpcinfo",
+    return RPCHelpMan{"getrpcinfo",
                 "\nReturns details of the RPC server.\n",
                 {},
                 RPCResult{
@@ -217,8 +219,8 @@ static UniValue getrpcinfo(const JSONRPCRequest& request)
                 RPCExamples{
                     HelpExampleCli("getrpcinfo", "")
                 + HelpExampleRpc("getrpcinfo", "")},
-            }.Check(request);
-
+        [&](const RPCHelpMan& self, const JSONRPCRequest& request) -> UniValue
+{
     LOCK(g_rpc_server_info.mutex);
     UniValue active_commands(UniValue::VARR);
     for (const RPCCommandExecutionInfo& info : g_rpc_server_info.active_commands) {
@@ -237,6 +239,8 @@ static UniValue getrpcinfo(const JSONRPCRequest& request)
 
     return result;
 }
+    };
+}
 
 // clang-format off
 static const CRPCCommand vRPCCommands[] =
diff --git a/src/rpc/server.h b/src/rpc/server.h
index d7a04ff6e8..6da3e94ea2 100644
--- a/src/rpc/server.h
+++ b/src/rpc/server.h
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 
 #include <amount.h>
 #include <rpc/request.h>
+#include <rpc/util.h>
 
 #include <functional>
 #include <map>
@@ -85,6 +86,7 @@ void RPCUnsetTimerInterface(RPCTimerInterface *iface);
 void RPCRunLater(const std::string& name, std::function<void()> func, int64_t nSeconds);
 
 typedef UniValue(*rpcfn_type)(const JSONRPCRequest& jsonRequest);
+typedef RPCHelpMan (*RpcMethodFnType)();
 
 class CRPCCommand
 {
@@ -101,6 +103,19 @@ public:
     {
     }
 
+    //! Simplified constructor taking plain RpcMethodFnType function pointer.
+    CRPCCommand(std::string category, std::string name_in, RpcMethodFnType fn, std::vector<std::string> args_in)
+        : CRPCCommand(
+              category,
+              fn().m_name,
+              [fn](const JSONRPCRequest& request, UniValue& result, bool) { result = fn().HandleRequest(request); return true; },
+              fn().GetArgNames(),
+              intptr_t(fn))
+    {
+        CHECK_NONFATAL(fn().m_name == name_in);
+        CHECK_NONFATAL(fn().GetArgNames() == args_in);
+    }
+
     //! Simplified constructor taking plain rpcfn_type function pointer.
     CRPCCommand(const char* category, const char* name, rpcfn_type fn, std::initializer_list<const char*> args)
         : CRPCCommand(category, name,
@@ -117,7 +132,7 @@ public:
 };
 
 /**
- * Bitcoin RPC command dispatcher.
+ * RPC command dispatcher.
  */
 class CRPCTable
 {
diff --git a/src/rpc/util.cpp b/src/rpc/util.cpp
index ca73c699c9..9f4c7bee9c 100644
--- a/src/rpc/util.cpp
+++ b/src/rpc/util.cpp
@@ -385,9 +385,7 @@ struct Sections {
             PushSection({indent + "]" + (outer_type != OuterType::NONE ? "," : ""), ""});
             break;
         }
-
-            // no default case, so the compiler can warn about missing cases
-        }
+        } // no default case, so the compiler can warn about missing cases
     }
 
     /**
@@ -398,6 +396,9 @@ struct Sections {
         std::string ret;
         const size_t pad = m_max_pad + 4;
         for (const auto& s : m_sections) {
+            // The left part of a section is assumed to be a single line, usually it is the name of the JSON struct or a
+            // brace like {, }, [, or ]
+            CHECK_NONFATAL(s.m_left.find('\n') == std::string::npos);
             if (s.m_right.empty()) {
                 ret += s.m_left;
                 ret += "\n";
@@ -432,7 +433,11 @@ struct Sections {
 };
 
 RPCHelpMan::RPCHelpMan(std::string name, std::string description, std::vector<RPCArg> args, RPCResults results, RPCExamples examples)
+    : RPCHelpMan{std::move(name), std::move(description), std::move(args), std::move(results), std::move(examples), nullptr} {}
+
+RPCHelpMan::RPCHelpMan(std::string name, std::string description, std::vector<RPCArg> args, RPCResults results, RPCExamples examples, RPCMethodImpl fun)
     : m_name{std::move(name)},
+      m_fun{std::move(fun)},
       m_description{std::move(description)},
       m_args{std::move(args)},
       m_results{std::move(results)},
@@ -481,6 +486,16 @@ bool RPCHelpMan::IsValidNumArgs(size_t num_args) const
     }
     return num_required_args <= num_args && num_args <= m_args.size();
 }
+
+std::vector<std::string> RPCHelpMan::GetArgNames() const
+{
+    std::vector<std::string> ret;
+    for (const auto& arg : m_args) {
+        ret.emplace_back(arg.m_names);
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
 std::string RPCHelpMan::ToString() const
 {
     std::string ret;
@@ -489,6 +504,7 @@ std::string RPCHelpMan::ToString() const
     ret += m_name;
     bool was_optional{false};
     for (const auto& arg : m_args) {
+        if (arg.m_hidden) continue;
         const bool optional = arg.IsOptional();
         ret += " ";
         if (optional) {
@@ -510,6 +526,7 @@ std::string RPCHelpMan::ToString() const
     Sections sections;
     for (size_t i{0}; i < m_args.size(); ++i) {
         const auto& arg = m_args.at(i);
+        if (arg.m_hidden) continue;
 
         if (i == 0) ret += "\nArguments:\n";
 
@@ -589,9 +606,7 @@ std::string RPCArg::ToDescriptionString() const
             ret += "json array";
             break;
         }
-
-            // no default case, so the compiler can warn about missing cases
-        }
+        } // no default case, so the compiler can warn about missing cases
     }
     if (m_fallback.which() == 1) {
         ret += ", optional, default=" + boost::get<std::string>(m_fallback);
@@ -609,9 +624,7 @@ std::string RPCArg::ToDescriptionString() const
             ret += ", required";
             break;
         }
-
-            // no default case, so the compiler can warn about missing cases
-        }
+        } // no default case, so the compiler can warn about missing cases
     }
     ret += ")";
     ret += m_description.empty() ? "" : " " + m_description;
@@ -706,10 +719,7 @@ void RPCResult::ToSections(Sections& sections, const OuterType outer_type, const
         sections.PushSection({indent + "}" + maybe_separator, ""});
         return;
     }
-
-        // no default case, so the compiler can warn about missing cases
-    }
-
+    } // no default case, so the compiler can warn about missing cases
     CHECK_NONFATAL(false);
 }
 
@@ -746,9 +756,7 @@ std::string RPCArg::ToStringObj(const bool oneline) const
     case Type::OBJ_USER_KEYS:
         // Currently unused, so avoid writing dead code
         CHECK_NONFATAL(false);
-
-        // no default case, so the compiler can warn about missing cases
-    }
+    } // no default case, so the compiler can warn about missing cases
     CHECK_NONFATAL(false);
 }
 
@@ -783,9 +791,7 @@ std::string RPCArg::ToString(const bool oneline) const
         }
         return "[" + res + "...]";
     }
-
-        // no default case, so the compiler can warn about missing cases
-    }
+    } // no default case, so the compiler can warn about missing cases
     CHECK_NONFATAL(false);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/rpc/util.h b/src/rpc/util.h
index 96dd1ea74a..45b0bb0c7e 100644
--- a/src/rpc/util.h
+++ b/src/rpc/util.h
@@ -147,6 +147,7 @@ struct RPCArg {
     using Fallback = boost::variant<Optional, /* default value for optional args */ std::string>;
     const std::string m_names; //!< The name of the arg (can be empty for inner args, can contain multiple aliases separated by | for named request arguments)
     const Type m_type;
+    const bool m_hidden;
     const std::vector<RPCArg> m_inner; //!< Only used for arrays or dicts
     const Fallback m_fallback;
     const std::string m_description;
@@ -159,9 +160,11 @@ struct RPCArg {
         const Fallback fallback,
         const std::string description,
         const std::string oneline_description = "",
-        const std::vector<std::string> type_str = {})
+        const std::vector<std::string> type_str = {},
+        const bool hidden = false)
         : m_names{std::move(name)},
           m_type{std::move(type)},
+          m_hidden{hidden},
           m_fallback{std::move(fallback)},
           m_description{std::move(description)},
           m_oneline_description{std::move(oneline_description)},
@@ -180,6 +183,7 @@ struct RPCArg {
         const std::vector<std::string> type_str = {})
         : m_names{std::move(name)},
           m_type{std::move(type)},
+          m_hidden{false},
           m_inner{std::move(inner)},
           m_fallback{std::move(fallback)},
           m_description{std::move(description)},
@@ -329,8 +333,15 @@ class RPCHelpMan
 {
 public:
     RPCHelpMan(std::string name, std::string description, std::vector<RPCArg> args, RPCResults results, RPCExamples examples);
+    using RPCMethodImpl = std::function<UniValue(const RPCHelpMan&, const JSONRPCRequest&)>;
+    RPCHelpMan(std::string name, std::string description, std::vector<RPCArg> args, RPCResults results, RPCExamples examples, RPCMethodImpl fun);
 
     std::string ToString() const;
+    UniValue HandleRequest(const JSONRPCRequest& request)
+    {
+        Check(request);
+        return m_fun(*this, request);
+    }
     /** If the supplied number of args is neither too small nor too high */
     bool IsValidNumArgs(size_t num_args) const;
     /**
@@ -343,8 +354,12 @@ public:
         }
     }
 
-private:
+    std::vector<std::string> GetArgNames() const;
+
     const std::string m_name;
+
+private:
+    const RPCMethodImpl m_fun;
     const std::string m_description;
     const std::vector<RPCArg> m_args;
     const RPCResults m_results;