Merge #16224: gui: Bilingual GUI error messages

18bd83b1fee2eb47ed4ad05c91f2d6cc311fc9ad util: Cleanup translation.h (Hennadii Stepanov)
e95e658b8ec6e02229691a1941d688e96d4df6af doc: Do not translate technical or extremely rare errors (Hennadii Stepanov)
7e923d47ba9891856b86bc9f718cf2f1f773bdf6 Make InitError bilingual (Hennadii Stepanov)
917ca93553917251e0fd59717a347c63cdfd8a14 Make ThreadSafe{MessageBox|Question} bilingual (Hennadii Stepanov)
23b9fa2e5ec0425980301d2eebad81e660a5ea39 gui: Add detailed text to BitcoinGUI::message (Hennadii Stepanov)

Pull request description:

  This is an alternative to #15340 (it works with the `Chain` interface; see: https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/15340#issuecomment-502674004).
  Refs:
  - #16218 (partial fix)
  - https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/15894#issuecomment-487947077

  This PR:
  - makes GUI error messages bilingual: user's native language + untranslated (i.e. English)
  - insures that only untranslated messages are written to the debug log file and to `stderr` (that is not the case on master).

  If a translated string is unavailable only an English string appears to a user.

  Here are some **examples** (updated):

  ![Screenshot from 2020-04-24 17-08-37](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/32963518/80222043-e2458780-864e-11ea-83fc-197b7121dba5.png)

  ![Screenshot from 2020-04-24 17-12-17](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/32963518/80222051-e5407800-864e-11ea-92f7-dfef1144becd.png)

  * `qt5ct: using qt5ct plugin` message is my local environment specific; please ignore it.

  ---

  Note for reviewers: `InitWarning()` is out of this PR scope.

ACKs for top commit:
  Sjors:
    re-tACK 18bd83b1fee2eb47ed4ad05c91f2d6cc311fc9ad
  MarcoFalke:
    ACK 18bd83b1fee2eb47ed4ad05c91f2d6cc311fc9ad 🐦

Tree-SHA512: 3cc8ec44f84403e54b57d11714c86b0855ed90eb794b5472e432005073354b9e3f7b4e8e7bf347a4c21be47299dbc7170f2d0c4b80e308205ff09596e55a4f96

22 files changed, 164 insertions, 143 deletions

diff --git a/src/bitcoind.cpp b/src/bitcoind.cpp
index 2aa416ca44..43d3f3c5ac 100644
--- a/src/bitcoind.cpp
+++ b/src/bitcoind.cpp
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ static bool AppInit(int argc, char* argv[])
     SetupServerArgs(node);
     std::string error;
     if (!gArgs.ParseParameters(argc, argv, error)) {
-        return InitError(strprintf("Error parsing command line arguments: %s\n", error));
+        return InitError(Untranslated(strprintf("Error parsing command line arguments: %s\n", error)));
     }
 
     // Process help and version before taking care about datadir
@@ -80,22 +80,22 @@ static bool AppInit(int argc, char* argv[])
     try
     {
         if (!CheckDataDirOption()) {
-            return InitError(strprintf("Specified data directory \"%s\" does not exist.\n", gArgs.GetArg("-datadir", "")));
+            return InitError(Untranslated(strprintf("Specified data directory \"%s\" does not exist.\n", gArgs.GetArg("-datadir", ""))));
         }
         if (!gArgs.ReadConfigFiles(error, true)) {
-            return InitError(strprintf("Error reading configuration file: %s\n", error));
+            return InitError(Untranslated(strprintf("Error reading configuration file: %s\n", error)));
         }
         // Check for -chain, -testnet or -regtest parameter (Params() calls are only valid after this clause)
         try {
             SelectParams(gArgs.GetChainName());
         } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-            return InitError(strprintf("%s\n", e.what()));
+            return InitError(Untranslated(strprintf("%s\n", e.what())));
         }
 
         // Error out when loose non-argument tokens are encountered on command line
         for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
             if (!IsSwitchChar(argv[i][0])) {
-                return InitError(strprintf("Command line contains unexpected token '%s', see bitcoind -h for a list of options.\n", argv[i]));
+                return InitError(Untranslated(strprintf("Command line contains unexpected token '%s', see bitcoind -h for a list of options.\n", argv[i])));
             }
         }
 
@@ -130,13 +130,13 @@ static bool AppInit(int argc, char* argv[])
 
             // Daemonize
             if (daemon(1, 0)) { // don't chdir (1), do close FDs (0)
-                return InitError(strprintf("daemon() failed: %s\n", strerror(errno)));
+                return InitError(Untranslated(strprintf("daemon() failed: %s\n", strerror(errno))));
             }
 #if defined(MAC_OSX)
 #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
 #endif
 #else
-            return InitError("-daemon is not supported on this operating system\n");
+            return InitError(Untranslated("-daemon is not supported on this operating system\n"));
 #endif // HAVE_DECL_DAEMON
         }
         // Lock data directory after daemonization
diff --git a/src/httprpc.cpp b/src/httprpc.cpp
index 60c4d06f12..3c3e6e5bba 100644
--- a/src/httprpc.cpp
+++ b/src/httprpc.cpp
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ static bool InitRPCAuthentication()
         LogPrintf("No rpcpassword set - using random cookie authentication.\n");
         if (!GenerateAuthCookie(&strRPCUserColonPass)) {
             uiInterface.ThreadSafeMessageBox(
-                _("Error: A fatal internal error occurred, see debug.log for details").translated, // Same message as AbortNode
+                _("Error: A fatal internal error occurred, see debug.log for details"), // Same message as AbortNode
                 "", CClientUIInterface::MSG_ERROR);
             return false;
         }
diff --git a/src/httpserver.cpp b/src/httpserver.cpp
index 176284d103..ffe246b241 100644
--- a/src/httpserver.cpp
+++ b/src/httpserver.cpp
@@ -6,14 +6,15 @@
 
 #include <chainparamsbase.h>
 #include <compat.h>
-#include <util/threadnames.h>
-#include <util/system.h>
-#include <util/strencodings.h>
 #include <netbase.h>
 #include <rpc/protocol.h> // For HTTP status codes
 #include <shutdown.h>
 #include <sync.h>
 #include <ui_interface.h>
+#include <util/strencodings.h>
+#include <util/system.h>
+#include <util/threadnames.h>
+#include <util/translation.h>
 
 #include <deque>
 #include <memory>
@@ -175,7 +176,7 @@ static bool InitHTTPAllowList()
         LookupSubNet(strAllow, subnet);
         if (!subnet.IsValid()) {
             uiInterface.ThreadSafeMessageBox(
-                strprintf("Invalid -rpcallowip subnet specification: %s. Valid are a single IP (e.g. 1.2.3.4), a network/netmask (e.g. 1.2.3.4/255.255.255.0) or a network/CIDR (e.g. 1.2.3.4/24).", strAllow),
+                strprintf(Untranslated("Invalid -rpcallowip subnet specification: %s. Valid are a single IP (e.g. 1.2.3.4), a network/netmask (e.g. 1.2.3.4/255.255.255.0) or a network/CIDR (e.g. 1.2.3.4/24)."), strAllow),
                 "", CClientUIInterface::MSG_ERROR);
             return false;
         }
diff --git a/src/index/base.cpp b/src/index/base.cpp
index 7bff463f5b..74ea421e13 100644
--- a/src/index/base.cpp
+++ b/src/index/base.cpp
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include <tinyformat.h>
 #include <ui_interface.h>
 #include <util/system.h>
+#include <util/translation.h>
 #include <validation.h>
 #include <warnings.h>
 
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ static void FatalError(const char* fmt, const Args&... args)
     SetMiscWarning(strMessage);
     LogPrintf("*** %s\n", strMessage);
     uiInterface.ThreadSafeMessageBox(
-        "Error: A fatal internal error occurred, see debug.log for details",
+        Untranslated("Error: A fatal internal error occurred, see debug.log for details"),
         "", CClientUIInterface::MSG_ERROR);
     StartShutdown();
 }
diff --git a/src/init.cpp b/src/init.cpp
index 3e2ee4d425..221cab15f8 100644
--- a/src/init.cpp
+++ b/src/init.cpp
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ NODISCARD static bool CreatePidFile()
 #endif
         return true;
     } else {
-        return InitError(strprintf(_("Unable to create the PID file '%s': %s").translated, GetPidFile().string(), std::strerror(errno)));
+        return InitError(strprintf(_("Unable to create the PID file '%s': %s"), GetPidFile().string(), std::strerror(errno)));
     }
 }
 
@@ -768,17 +768,15 @@ static void ThreadImport(std::vector<fs::path> vImportFiles)
  */
 static bool InitSanityCheck()
 {
-    if(!ECC_InitSanityCheck()) {
-        InitError("Elliptic curve cryptography sanity check failure. Aborting.");
-        return false;
+    if (!ECC_InitSanityCheck()) {
+        return InitError(Untranslated("Elliptic curve cryptography sanity check failure. Aborting."));
     }
 
     if (!glibc_sanity_test() || !glibcxx_sanity_test())
         return false;
 
     if (!Random_SanityCheck()) {
-        InitError("OS cryptographic RNG sanity check failure. Aborting.");
-        return false;
+        return InitError(Untranslated("OS cryptographic RNG sanity check failure. Aborting."));
     }
 
     return true;
@@ -929,8 +927,9 @@ bool AppInitBasicSetup()
     HeapSetInformation(nullptr, HeapEnableTerminationOnCorruption, nullptr, 0);
 #endif
 
-    if (!SetupNetworking())
-        return InitError("Initializing networking failed");
+    if (!SetupNetworking()) {
+        return InitError(Untranslated("Initializing networking failed."));
+    }
 
 #ifndef WIN32
     if (!gArgs.GetBoolArg("-sysperms", false)) {
@@ -967,7 +966,7 @@ bool AppInitParameterInteraction()
     // on the command line or in this network's section of the config file.
     std::string network = gArgs.GetChainName();
     for (const auto& arg : gArgs.GetUnsuitableSectionOnlyArgs()) {
-        return InitError(strprintf(_("Config setting for %s only applied on %s network when in [%s] section.").translated, arg, network, network));
+        return InitError(strprintf(_("Config setting for %s only applied on %s network when in [%s] section."), arg, network, network));
     }
 
     // Warn if unrecognized section name are present in the config file.
@@ -976,7 +975,7 @@ bool AppInitParameterInteraction()
     }
 
     if (!fs::is_directory(GetBlocksDir())) {
-        return InitError(strprintf(_("Specified blocks directory \"%s\" does not exist.").translated, gArgs.GetArg("-blocksdir", "")));
+        return InitError(strprintf(_("Specified blocks directory \"%s\" does not exist."), gArgs.GetArg("-blocksdir", "")));
     }
 
     // parse and validate enabled filter types
@@ -988,7 +987,7 @@ bool AppInitParameterInteraction()
         for (const auto& name : names) {
             BlockFilterType filter_type;
             if (!BlockFilterTypeByName(name, filter_type)) {
-                return InitError(strprintf(_("Unknown -blockfilterindex value %s.").translated, name));
+                return InitError(strprintf(_("Unknown -blockfilterindex value %s."), name));
             }
             g_enabled_filter_types.insert(filter_type);
         }
@@ -997,16 +996,16 @@ bool AppInitParameterInteraction()
     // if using block pruning, then disallow txindex
     if (gArgs.GetArg("-prune", 0)) {
         if (gArgs.GetBoolArg("-txindex", DEFAULT_TXINDEX))
-            return InitError(_("Prune mode is incompatible with -txindex.").translated);
+            return InitError(_("Prune mode is incompatible with -txindex."));
         if (!g_enabled_filter_types.empty()) {
-            return InitError(_("Prune mode is incompatible with -blockfilterindex.").translated);
+            return InitError(_("Prune mode is incompatible with -blockfilterindex."));
         }
     }
 
     // -bind and -whitebind can't be set when not listening
     size_t nUserBind = gArgs.GetArgs("-bind").size() + gArgs.GetArgs("-whitebind").size();
     if (nUserBind != 0 && !gArgs.GetBoolArg("-listen", DEFAULT_LISTEN)) {
-        return InitError("Cannot set -bind or -whitebind together with -listen=0");
+        return InitError(Untranslated("Cannot set -bind or -whitebind together with -listen=0"));
     }
 
     // Make sure enough file descriptors are available
@@ -1024,7 +1023,7 @@ bool AppInitParameterInteraction()
 #endif
     nMaxConnections = std::max(std::min<int>(nMaxConnections, fd_max - nBind - MIN_CORE_FILEDESCRIPTORS - MAX_ADDNODE_CONNECTIONS), 0);
     if (nFD < MIN_CORE_FILEDESCRIPTORS)
-        return InitError(_("Not enough file descriptors available.").translated);
+        return InitError(_("Not enough file descriptors available."));
     nMaxConnections = std::min(nFD - MIN_CORE_FILEDESCRIPTORS - MAX_ADDNODE_CONNECTIONS, nMaxConnections);
 
     if (nMaxConnections < nUserMaxConnections)
@@ -1069,7 +1068,7 @@ bool AppInitParameterInteraction()
     if (gArgs.IsArgSet("-minimumchainwork")) {
         const std::string minChainWorkStr = gArgs.GetArg("-minimumchainwork", "");
         if (!IsHexNumber(minChainWorkStr)) {
-            return InitError(strprintf("Invalid non-hex (%s) minimum chain work value specified", minChainWorkStr));
+            return InitError(strprintf(Untranslated("Invalid non-hex (%s) minimum chain work value specified"), minChainWorkStr));
         }
         nMinimumChainWork = UintToArith256(uint256S(minChainWorkStr));
     } else {
@@ -1084,21 +1083,21 @@ bool AppInitParameterInteraction()
     int64_t nMempoolSizeMax = gArgs.GetArg("-maxmempool", DEFAULT_MAX_MEMPOOL_SIZE) * 1000000;
     int64_t nMempoolSizeMin = gArgs.GetArg("-limitdescendantsize", DEFAULT_DESCENDANT_SIZE_LIMIT) * 1000 * 40;
     if (nMempoolSizeMax < 0 || nMempoolSizeMax < nMempoolSizeMin)
-        return InitError(strprintf(_("-maxmempool must be at least %d MB").translated, std::ceil(nMempoolSizeMin / 1000000.0)));
+        return InitError(strprintf(_("-maxmempool must be at least %d MB"), std::ceil(nMempoolSizeMin / 1000000.0)));
     // incremental relay fee sets the minimum feerate increase necessary for BIP 125 replacement in the mempool
     // and the amount the mempool min fee increases above the feerate of txs evicted due to mempool limiting.
     if (gArgs.IsArgSet("-incrementalrelayfee"))
     {
         CAmount n = 0;
         if (!ParseMoney(gArgs.GetArg("-incrementalrelayfee", ""), n))
-            return InitError(AmountErrMsg("incrementalrelayfee", gArgs.GetArg("-incrementalrelayfee", "")).translated);
+            return InitError(AmountErrMsg("incrementalrelayfee", gArgs.GetArg("-incrementalrelayfee", "")));
         incrementalRelayFee = CFeeRate(n);
     }
 
     // block pruning; get the amount of disk space (in MiB) to allot for block & undo files
     int64_t nPruneArg = gArgs.GetArg("-prune", 0);
     if (nPruneArg < 0) {
-        return InitError(_("Prune cannot be configured with a negative value.").translated);
+        return InitError(_("Prune cannot be configured with a negative value."));
     }
     nPruneTarget = (uint64_t) nPruneArg * 1024 * 1024;
     if (nPruneArg == 1) {  // manual pruning: -prune=1
@@ -1107,7 +1106,7 @@ bool AppInitParameterInteraction()
         fPruneMode = true;
     } else if (nPruneTarget) {
         if (nPruneTarget < MIN_DISK_SPACE_FOR_BLOCK_FILES) {
-            return InitError(strprintf(_("Prune configured below the minimum of %d MiB.  Please use a higher number.").translated, MIN_DISK_SPACE_FOR_BLOCK_FILES / 1024 / 1024));
+            return InitError(strprintf(_("Prune configured below the minimum of %d MiB.  Please use a higher number."), MIN_DISK_SPACE_FOR_BLOCK_FILES / 1024 / 1024));
         }
         LogPrintf("Prune configured to target %u MiB on disk for block and undo files.\n", nPruneTarget / 1024 / 1024);
         fPruneMode = true;
@@ -1120,13 +1119,13 @@ bool AppInitParameterInteraction()
 
     peer_connect_timeout = gArgs.GetArg("-peertimeout", DEFAULT_PEER_CONNECT_TIMEOUT);
     if (peer_connect_timeout <= 0) {
-        return InitError("peertimeout cannot be configured with a negative value.");
+        return InitError(Untranslated("peertimeout cannot be configured with a negative value."));
     }
 
     if (gArgs.IsArgSet("-minrelaytxfee")) {
         CAmount n = 0;
         if (!ParseMoney(gArgs.GetArg("-minrelaytxfee", ""), n)) {
-            return InitError(AmountErrMsg("minrelaytxfee", gArgs.GetArg("-minrelaytxfee", "")).translated);
+            return InitError(AmountErrMsg("minrelaytxfee", gArgs.GetArg("-minrelaytxfee", "")));
         }
         // High fee check is done afterward in CWallet::CreateWalletFromFile()
         ::minRelayTxFee = CFeeRate(n);
@@ -1142,7 +1141,7 @@ bool AppInitParameterInteraction()
     {
         CAmount n = 0;
         if (!ParseMoney(gArgs.GetArg("-blockmintxfee", ""), n))
-            return InitError(AmountErrMsg("blockmintxfee", gArgs.GetArg("-blockmintxfee", "")).translated);
+            return InitError(AmountErrMsg("blockmintxfee", gArgs.GetArg("-blockmintxfee", "")));
     }
 
     // Feerate used to define dust.  Shouldn't be changed lightly as old
@@ -1151,13 +1150,13 @@ bool AppInitParameterInteraction()
     {
         CAmount n = 0;
         if (!ParseMoney(gArgs.GetArg("-dustrelayfee", ""), n))
-            return InitError(AmountErrMsg("dustrelayfee", gArgs.GetArg("-dustrelayfee", "")).translated);
+            return InitError(AmountErrMsg("dustrelayfee", gArgs.GetArg("-dustrelayfee", "")));
         dustRelayFee = CFeeRate(n);
     }
 
     fRequireStandard = !gArgs.GetBoolArg("-acceptnonstdtxn", !chainparams.RequireStandard());
     if (!chainparams.IsTestChain() && !fRequireStandard) {
-        return InitError(strprintf("acceptnonstdtxn is not currently supported for %s chain", chainparams.NetworkIDString()));
+        return InitError(strprintf(Untranslated("acceptnonstdtxn is not currently supported for %s chain"), chainparams.NetworkIDString()));
     }
     nBytesPerSigOp = gArgs.GetArg("-bytespersigop", nBytesPerSigOp);
 
@@ -1174,10 +1173,10 @@ bool AppInitParameterInteraction()
         nLocalServices = ServiceFlags(nLocalServices | NODE_BLOOM);
 
     if (gArgs.GetArg("-rpcserialversion", DEFAULT_RPC_SERIALIZE_VERSION) < 0)
-        return InitError("rpcserialversion must be non-negative.");
+        return InitError(Untranslated("rpcserialversion must be non-negative."));
 
     if (gArgs.GetArg("-rpcserialversion", DEFAULT_RPC_SERIALIZE_VERSION) > 1)
-        return InitError("unknown rpcserialversion requested.");
+        return InitError(Untranslated("Unknown rpcserialversion requested."));
 
     nMaxTipAge = gArgs.GetArg("-maxtipage", DEFAULT_MAX_TIP_AGE);
 
@@ -1189,10 +1188,10 @@ static bool LockDataDirectory(bool probeOnly)
     // Make sure only a single Bitcoin process is using the data directory.
     fs::path datadir = GetDataDir();
     if (!DirIsWritable(datadir)) {
-        return InitError(strprintf(_("Cannot write to data directory '%s'; check permissions.").translated, datadir.string()));
+        return InitError(strprintf(_("Cannot write to data directory '%s'; check permissions."), datadir.string()));
     }
     if (!LockDirectory(datadir, ".lock", probeOnly)) {
-        return InitError(strprintf(_("Cannot obtain a lock on data directory %s. %s is probably already running.").translated, datadir.string(), PACKAGE_NAME));
+        return InitError(strprintf(_("Cannot obtain a lock on data directory %s. %s is probably already running."), datadir.string(), PACKAGE_NAME));
     }
     return true;
 }
@@ -1210,7 +1209,7 @@ bool AppInitSanityChecks()
 
     // Sanity check
     if (!InitSanityCheck())
-        return InitError(strprintf(_("Initialization sanity check failed. %s is shutting down.").translated, PACKAGE_NAME));
+        return InitError(strprintf(_("Initialization sanity check failed. %s is shutting down."), PACKAGE_NAME));
 
     // Probe the data directory lock to give an early error message, if possible
     // We cannot hold the data directory lock here, as the forking for daemon() hasn't yet happened,
@@ -1246,7 +1245,7 @@ bool AppInitMain(NodeContext& node)
         }
     }
     if (!LogInstance().StartLogging()) {
-            return InitError(strprintf("Could not open debug log file %s",
+            return InitError(strprintf(Untranslated("Could not open debug log file %s"),
                 LogInstance().m_file_path.string()));
     }
 
@@ -1346,7 +1345,7 @@ bool AppInitMain(NodeContext& node)
     {
         uiInterface.InitMessage_connect(SetRPCWarmupStatus);
         if (!AppInitServers())
-            return InitError(_("Unable to start HTTP server. See debug log for details.").translated);
+            return InitError(_("Unable to start HTTP server. See debug log for details."));
     }
 
     // ********************************************************* Step 5: verify wallet database integrity
@@ -1378,12 +1377,12 @@ bool AppInitMain(NodeContext& node)
     std::vector<std::string> uacomments;
     for (const std::string& cmt : gArgs.GetArgs("-uacomment")) {
         if (cmt != SanitizeString(cmt, SAFE_CHARS_UA_COMMENT))
-            return InitError(strprintf(_("User Agent comment (%s) contains unsafe characters.").translated, cmt));
+            return InitError(strprintf(_("User Agent comment (%s) contains unsafe characters."), cmt));
         uacomments.push_back(cmt);
     }
     strSubVersion = FormatSubVersion(CLIENT_NAME, CLIENT_VERSION, uacomments);
     if (strSubVersion.size() > MAX_SUBVERSION_LENGTH) {
-        return InitError(strprintf(_("Total length of network version string (%i) exceeds maximum length (%i). Reduce the number or size of uacomments.").translated,
+        return InitError(strprintf(_("Total length of network version string (%i) exceeds maximum length (%i). Reduce the number or size of uacomments."),
             strSubVersion.size(), MAX_SUBVERSION_LENGTH));
     }
 
@@ -1392,7 +1391,7 @@ bool AppInitMain(NodeContext& node)
         for (const std::string& snet : gArgs.GetArgs("-onlynet")) {
             enum Network net = ParseNetwork(snet);
             if (net == NET_UNROUTABLE)
-                return InitError(strprintf(_("Unknown network specified in -onlynet: '%s'").translated, snet));
+                return InitError(strprintf(_("Unknown network specified in -onlynet: '%s'"), snet));
             nets.insert(net);
         }
         for (int n = 0; n < NET_MAX; n++) {
@@ -1413,12 +1412,12 @@ bool AppInitMain(NodeContext& node)
     if (proxyArg != "" && proxyArg != "0") {
         CService proxyAddr;
         if (!Lookup(proxyArg, proxyAddr, 9050, fNameLookup)) {
-            return InitError(strprintf(_("Invalid -proxy address or hostname: '%s'").translated, proxyArg));
+            return InitError(strprintf(_("Invalid -proxy address or hostname: '%s'"), proxyArg));
         }
 
         proxyType addrProxy = proxyType(proxyAddr, proxyRandomize);
         if (!addrProxy.IsValid())
-            return InitError(strprintf(_("Invalid -proxy address or hostname: '%s'").translated, proxyArg));
+            return InitError(strprintf(_("Invalid -proxy address or hostname: '%s'"), proxyArg));
 
         SetProxy(NET_IPV4, addrProxy);
         SetProxy(NET_IPV6, addrProxy);
@@ -1437,11 +1436,11 @@ bool AppInitMain(NodeContext& node)
         } else {
             CService onionProxy;
             if (!Lookup(onionArg, onionProxy, 9050, fNameLookup)) {
-                return InitError(strprintf(_("Invalid -onion address or hostname: '%s'").translated, onionArg));
+                return InitError(strprintf(_("Invalid -onion address or hostname: '%s'"), onionArg));
             }
             proxyType addrOnion = proxyType(onionProxy, proxyRandomize);
             if (!addrOnion.IsValid())
-                return InitError(strprintf(_("Invalid -onion address or hostname: '%s'").translated, onionArg));
+                return InitError(strprintf(_("Invalid -onion address or hostname: '%s'"), onionArg));
             SetProxy(NET_ONION, addrOnion);
             SetReachable(NET_ONION, true);
         }
@@ -1457,7 +1456,7 @@ bool AppInitMain(NodeContext& node)
         if (Lookup(strAddr, addrLocal, GetListenPort(), fNameLookup) && addrLocal.IsValid())
             AddLocal(addrLocal, LOCAL_MANUAL);
         else
-            return InitError(ResolveErrMsg("externalip", strAddr));
+            return InitError(Untranslated(ResolveErrMsg("externalip", strAddr)));
     }
 
     // Read asmap file if configured
@@ -1470,12 +1469,12 @@ bool AppInitMain(NodeContext& node)
             asmap_path = GetDataDir() / asmap_path;
         }
         if (!fs::exists(asmap_path)) {
-            InitError(strprintf(_("Could not find asmap file %s").translated, asmap_path));
+            InitError(strprintf(_("Could not find asmap file %s"), asmap_path));
             return false;
         }
         std::vector<bool> asmap = CAddrMan::DecodeAsmap(asmap_path);
         if (asmap.size() == 0) {
-            InitError(strprintf(_("Could not parse asmap file %s").translated, asmap_path));
+            InitError(strprintf(_("Could not parse asmap file %s"), asmap_path));
             return false;
         }
         const uint256 asmap_version = SerializeHash(asmap);
@@ -1542,7 +1541,7 @@ bool AppInitMain(NodeContext& node)
         auto is_coinsview_empty = [&](CChainState* chainstate) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(::cs_main) {
             return fReset || fReindexChainState || chainstate->CoinsTip().GetBestBlock().IsNull();
         };
-        std::string strLoadError;
+        bilingual_str strLoadError;
 
         uiInterface.InitMessage(_("Loading block index...").translated);
 
@@ -1573,7 +1572,7 @@ bool AppInitMain(NodeContext& node)
                 // From here on out fReindex and fReset mean something different!
                 if (!LoadBlockIndex(chainparams)) {
                     if (ShutdownRequested()) break;
-                    strLoadError = _("Error loading block database").translated;
+                    strLoadError = _("Error loading block database");
                     break;
                 }
 
@@ -1581,13 +1580,13 @@ bool AppInitMain(NodeContext& node)
                 // (we're likely using a testnet datadir, or the other way around).
                 if (!::BlockIndex().empty() &&
                         !LookupBlockIndex(chainparams.GetConsensus().hashGenesisBlock)) {
-                    return InitError(_("Incorrect or no genesis block found. Wrong datadir for network?").translated);
+                    return InitError(_("Incorrect or no genesis block found. Wrong datadir for network?"));
                 }
 
                 // Check for changed -prune state.  What we are concerned about is a user who has pruned blocks
                 // in the past, but is now trying to run unpruned.
                 if (fHavePruned && !fPruneMode) {
-                    strLoadError = _("You need to rebuild the database using -reindex to go back to unpruned mode.  This will redownload the entire blockchain").translated;
+                    strLoadError = _("You need to rebuild the database using -reindex to go back to unpruned mode.  This will redownload the entire blockchain");
                     break;
                 }
 
@@ -1596,7 +1595,7 @@ bool AppInitMain(NodeContext& node)
                 // (otherwise we use the one already on disk).
                 // This is called again in ThreadImport after the reindex completes.
                 if (!fReindex && !LoadGenesisBlock(chainparams)) {
-                    strLoadError = _("Error initializing block database").translated;
+                    strLoadError = _("Error initializing block database");
                     break;
                 }
 
@@ -1614,21 +1613,21 @@ bool AppInitMain(NodeContext& node)
 
                     chainstate->CoinsErrorCatcher().AddReadErrCallback([]() {
                         uiInterface.ThreadSafeMessageBox(
-                            _("Error reading from database, shutting down.").translated,
+                            _("Error reading from database, shutting down."),
                             "", CClientUIInterface::MSG_ERROR);
                     });
 
                     // If necessary, upgrade from older database format.
                     // This is a no-op if we cleared the coinsviewdb with -reindex or -reindex-chainstate
                     if (!chainstate->CoinsDB().Upgrade()) {
-                        strLoadError = _("Error upgrading chainstate database").translated;
+                        strLoadError = _("Error upgrading chainstate database");
                         failed_chainstate_init = true;
                         break;
                     }
 
                     // ReplayBlocks is a no-op if we cleared the coinsviewdb with -reindex or -reindex-chainstate
                     if (!chainstate->ReplayBlocks(chainparams)) {
-                        strLoadError = _("Unable to replay blocks. You will need to rebuild the database using -reindex-chainstate.").translated;
+                        strLoadError = _("Unable to replay blocks. You will need to rebuild the database using -reindex-chainstate.");
                         failed_chainstate_init = true;
                         break;
                     }
@@ -1640,7 +1639,7 @@ bool AppInitMain(NodeContext& node)
                     if (!is_coinsview_empty(chainstate)) {
                         // LoadChainTip initializes the chain based on CoinsTip()'s best block
                         if (!chainstate->LoadChainTip(chainparams)) {
-                            strLoadError = _("Error initializing block database").translated;
+                            strLoadError = _("Error initializing block database");
                             failed_chainstate_init = true;
                             break; // out of the per-chainstate loop
                         }
@@ -1653,7 +1652,7 @@ bool AppInitMain(NodeContext& node)
                 }
             } catch (const std::exception& e) {
                 LogPrintf("%s\n", e.what());
-                strLoadError = _("Error opening block database").translated;
+                strLoadError = _("Error opening block database");
                 break;
             }
 
@@ -1669,7 +1668,7 @@ bool AppInitMain(NodeContext& node)
                     if (!chainstate->RewindBlockIndex(chainparams)) {
                         strLoadError = _(
                             "Unable to rewind the database to a pre-fork state. "
-                            "You will need to redownload the blockchain").translated;
+                            "You will need to redownload the blockchain");
                         failed_rewind = true;
                         break; // out of the per-chainstate loop
                     }
@@ -1698,7 +1697,7 @@ bool AppInitMain(NodeContext& node)
                         if (tip && tip->nTime > GetAdjustedTime() + 2 * 60 * 60) {
                             strLoadError = _("The block database contains a block which appears to be from the future. "
                                     "This may be due to your computer's date and time being set incorrectly. "
-                                    "Only rebuild the block database if you are sure that your computer's date and time are correct").translated;
+                                    "Only rebuild the block database if you are sure that your computer's date and time are correct");
                             failed_verification = true;
                             break;
                         }
@@ -1710,7 +1709,7 @@ bool AppInitMain(NodeContext& node)
                                 chainparams, &chainstate->CoinsDB(),
                                 gArgs.GetArg("-checklevel", DEFAULT_CHECKLEVEL),
                                 gArgs.GetArg("-checkblocks", DEFAULT_CHECKBLOCKS))) {
-                            strLoadError = _("Corrupted block database detected").translated;
+                            strLoadError = _("Corrupted block database detected");
                             failed_verification = true;
                             break;
                         }
@@ -1718,7 +1717,7 @@ bool AppInitMain(NodeContext& node)
                 }
             } catch (const std::exception& e) {
                 LogPrintf("%s\n", e.what());
-                strLoadError = _("Error opening block database").translated;
+                strLoadError = _("Error opening block database");
                 failed_verification = true;
                 break;
             }
@@ -1733,8 +1732,8 @@ bool AppInitMain(NodeContext& node)
             // first suggest a reindex
             if (!fReset) {
                 bool fRet = uiInterface.ThreadSafeQuestion(
-                    strLoadError + ".\n\n" + _("Do you want to rebuild the block database now?").translated,
-                    strLoadError + ".\nPlease restart with -reindex or -reindex-chainstate to recover.",
+                    strLoadError + Untranslated(".\n\n") + _("Do you want to rebuild the block database now?"),
+                    strLoadError.original + ".\nPlease restart with -reindex or -reindex-chainstate to recover.",
                     "", CClientUIInterface::MSG_ERROR | CClientUIInterface::BTN_ABORT);
                 if (fRet) {
                     fReindex = true;
@@ -1807,11 +1806,11 @@ bool AppInitMain(NodeContext& node)
     // ********************************************************* Step 11: import blocks
 
     if (!CheckDiskSpace(GetDataDir())) {
-        InitError(strprintf(_("Error: Disk space is low for %s").translated, GetDataDir()));
+        InitError(strprintf(_("Error: Disk space is low for %s"), GetDataDir()));
         return false;
     }
     if (!CheckDiskSpace(GetBlocksDir())) {
-        InitError(strprintf(_("Error: Disk space is low for %s").translated, GetBlocksDir()));
+        InitError(strprintf(_("Error: Disk space is low for %s"), GetBlocksDir()));
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -1896,21 +1895,21 @@ bool AppInitMain(NodeContext& node)
     for (const std::string& strBind : gArgs.GetArgs("-bind")) {
         CService addrBind;
         if (!Lookup(strBind, addrBind, GetListenPort(), false)) {
-            return InitError(ResolveErrMsg("bind", strBind));
+            return InitError(Untranslated(ResolveErrMsg("bind", strBind)));
         }
         connOptions.vBinds.push_back(addrBind);
     }
     for (const std::string& strBind : gArgs.GetArgs("-whitebind")) {
         NetWhitebindPermissions whitebind;
         std::string error;
-        if (!NetWhitebindPermissions::TryParse(strBind, whitebind, error)) return InitError(error);
+        if (!NetWhitebindPermissions::TryParse(strBind, whitebind, error)) return InitError(Untranslated(error));
         connOptions.vWhiteBinds.push_back(whitebind);
     }
 
     for (const auto& net : gArgs.GetArgs("-whitelist")) {
         NetWhitelistPermissions subnet;
         std::string error;
-        if (!NetWhitelistPermissions::TryParse(net, subnet, error)) return InitError(error);
+        if (!NetWhitelistPermissions::TryParse(net, subnet, error)) return InitError(Untranslated(error));
         connOptions.vWhitelistedRange.push_back(subnet);
     }
 
diff --git a/src/interfaces/chain.cpp b/src/interfaces/chain.cpp
index c5262e4bc0..515a2ba1b9 100644
--- a/src/interfaces/chain.cpp
+++ b/src/interfaces/chain.cpp
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ public:
     int64_t getAdjustedTime() override { return GetAdjustedTime(); }
     void initMessage(const std::string& message) override { ::uiInterface.InitMessage(message); }
     void initWarning(const std::string& message) override { InitWarning(message); }
-    void initError(const std::string& message) override { InitError(message); }
+    void initError(const bilingual_str& message) override { InitError(message); }
     void showProgress(const std::string& title, int progress, bool resume_possible) override
     {
         ::uiInterface.ShowProgress(title, progress, resume_possible);
diff --git a/src/interfaces/chain.h b/src/interfaces/chain.h
index e33fe54ac8..77b315b195 100644
--- a/src/interfaces/chain.h
+++ b/src/interfaces/chain.h
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ class CScheduler;
 class Coin;
 class uint256;
 enum class RBFTransactionState;
+struct bilingual_str;
 struct CBlockLocator;
 struct FeeCalculation;
 struct NodeContext;
@@ -227,7 +228,7 @@ public:
     virtual void initWarning(const std::string& message) = 0;
 
     //! Send init error.
-    virtual void initError(const std::string& message) = 0;
+    virtual void initError(const bilingual_str& message) = 0;
 
     //! Send progress indicator.
     virtual void showProgress(const std::string& title, int progress, bool resume_possible) = 0;
diff --git a/src/interfaces/node.cpp b/src/interfaces/node.cpp
index 8564819e6a..9e603a12cd 100644
--- a/src/interfaces/node.cpp
+++ b/src/interfaces/node.cpp
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #include <txmempool.h>
 #include <ui_interface.h>
 #include <util/system.h>
+#include <util/translation.h>
 #include <validation.h>
 #include <warnings.h>
 
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ namespace {
 class NodeImpl : public Node
 {
 public:
-    void initError(const std::string& message) override { InitError(message); }
+    void initError(const std::string& message) override { InitError(Untranslated(message)); }
     bool parseParameters(int argc, const char* const argv[], std::string& error) override
     {
         return gArgs.ParseParameters(argc, argv, error);
diff --git a/src/interfaces/node.h b/src/interfaces/node.h
index db9b42b293..aef6b19458 100644
--- a/src/interfaces/node.h
+++ b/src/interfaces/node.h
@@ -213,11 +213,11 @@ public:
 
     //! Register handler for message box messages.
     using MessageBoxFn =
-        std::function<bool(const std::string& message, const std::string& caption, unsigned int style)>;
+        std::function<bool(const bilingual_str& message, const std::string& caption, unsigned int style)>;
     virtual std::unique_ptr<Handler> handleMessageBox(MessageBoxFn fn) = 0;
 
     //! Register handler for question messages.
-    using QuestionFn = std::function<bool(const std::string& message,
+    using QuestionFn = std::function<bool(const bilingual_str& message,
         const std::string& non_interactive_message,
         const std::string& caption,
         unsigned int style)>;
diff --git a/src/net.cpp b/src/net.cpp
index dcc613ba88..97b80b50e2 100644
--- a/src/net.cpp
+++ b/src/net.cpp
@@ -2068,9 +2068,8 @@ void CConnman::ThreadMessageHandler()
 
 
 
-bool CConnman::BindListenPort(const CService& addrBind, std::string& strError, NetPermissionFlags permissions)
+bool CConnman::BindListenPort(const CService& addrBind, bilingual_str& strError, NetPermissionFlags permissions)
 {
-    strError = "";
     int nOne = 1;
 
     // Create socket for listening for incoming connections
@@ -2078,16 +2077,16 @@ bool CConnman::BindListenPort(const CService& addrBind, std::string& strError, N
     socklen_t len = sizeof(sockaddr);
     if (!addrBind.GetSockAddr((struct sockaddr*)&sockaddr, &len))
     {
-        strError = strprintf("Error: Bind address family for %s not supported", addrBind.ToString());
-        LogPrintf("%s\n", strError);
+        strError = strprintf(Untranslated("Error: Bind address family for %s not supported"), addrBind.ToString());
+        LogPrintf("%s\n", strError.original);
         return false;
     }
 
     SOCKET hListenSocket = CreateSocket(addrBind);
     if (hListenSocket == INVALID_SOCKET)
     {
-        strError = strprintf("Error: Couldn't open socket for incoming connections (socket returned error %s)", NetworkErrorString(WSAGetLastError()));
-        LogPrintf("%s\n", strError);
+        strError = strprintf(Untranslated("Error: Couldn't open socket for incoming connections (socket returned error %s)"), NetworkErrorString(WSAGetLastError()));
+        LogPrintf("%s\n", strError.original);
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -2111,10 +2110,10 @@ bool CConnman::BindListenPort(const CService& addrBind, std::string& strError, N
     {
         int nErr = WSAGetLastError();
         if (nErr == WSAEADDRINUSE)
-            strError = strprintf(_("Unable to bind to %s on this computer. %s is probably already running.").translated, addrBind.ToString(), PACKAGE_NAME);
+            strError = strprintf(_("Unable to bind to %s on this computer. %s is probably already running."), addrBind.ToString(), PACKAGE_NAME);
         else
-            strError = strprintf(_("Unable to bind to %s on this computer (bind returned error %s)").translated, addrBind.ToString(), NetworkErrorString(nErr));
-        LogPrintf("%s\n", strError);
+            strError = strprintf(_("Unable to bind to %s on this computer (bind returned error %s)"), addrBind.ToString(), NetworkErrorString(nErr));
+        LogPrintf("%s\n", strError.original);
         CloseSocket(hListenSocket);
         return false;
     }
@@ -2123,8 +2122,8 @@ bool CConnman::BindListenPort(const CService& addrBind, std::string& strError, N
     // Listen for incoming connections
     if (listen(hListenSocket, SOMAXCONN) == SOCKET_ERROR)
     {
-        strError = strprintf(_("Error: Listening for incoming connections failed (listen returned error %s)").translated, NetworkErrorString(WSAGetLastError()));
-        LogPrintf("%s\n", strError);
+        strError = strprintf(_("Error: Listening for incoming connections failed (listen returned error %s)"), NetworkErrorString(WSAGetLastError()));
+        LogPrintf("%s\n", strError.original);
         CloseSocket(hListenSocket);
         return false;
     }
@@ -2218,7 +2217,7 @@ NodeId CConnman::GetNewNodeId()
 bool CConnman::Bind(const CService &addr, unsigned int flags, NetPermissionFlags permissions) {
     if (!(flags & BF_EXPLICIT) && !IsReachable(addr))
         return false;
-    std::string strError;
+    bilingual_str strError;
     if (!BindListenPort(addr, strError, permissions)) {
         if ((flags & BF_REPORT_ERROR) && clientInterface) {
             clientInterface->ThreadSafeMessageBox(strError, "", CClientUIInterface::MSG_ERROR);
@@ -2265,7 +2264,7 @@ bool CConnman::Start(CScheduler& scheduler, const Options& connOptions)
     if (fListen && !InitBinds(connOptions.vBinds, connOptions.vWhiteBinds)) {
         if (clientInterface) {
             clientInterface->ThreadSafeMessageBox(
-                _("Failed to listen on any port. Use -listen=0 if you want this.").translated,
+                _("Failed to listen on any port. Use -listen=0 if you want this."),
                 "", CClientUIInterface::MSG_ERROR);
         }
         return false;
@@ -2331,7 +2330,7 @@ bool CConnman::Start(CScheduler& scheduler, const Options& connOptions)
     if (connOptions.m_use_addrman_outgoing && !connOptions.m_specified_outgoing.empty()) {
         if (clientInterface) {
             clientInterface->ThreadSafeMessageBox(
-                _("Cannot provide specific connections and have addrman find outgoing connections at the same.").translated,
+                _("Cannot provide specific connections and have addrman find outgoing connections at the same."),
                 "", CClientUIInterface::MSG_ERROR);
         }
         return false;
diff --git a/src/net.h b/src/net.h
index 0d79efbba7..35d442e61f 100644
--- a/src/net.h
+++ b/src/net.h
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@
 #include <random.h>
 #include <streams.h>
 #include <sync.h>
-#include <uint256.h>
 #include <threadinterrupt.h>
+#include <uint256.h>
 
 #include <atomic>
 #include <deque>
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
 class CScheduler;
 class CNode;
 class BanMan;
+struct bilingual_str;
 
 /** Default for -whitelistrelay. */
 static const bool DEFAULT_WHITELISTRELAY = true;
@@ -334,7 +335,7 @@ private:
         NetPermissionFlags m_permissions;
     };
 
-    bool BindListenPort(const CService& bindAddr, std::string& strError, NetPermissionFlags permissions);
+    bool BindListenPort(const CService& bindAddr, bilingual_str& strError, NetPermissionFlags permissions);
     bool Bind(const CService& addr, unsigned int flags, NetPermissionFlags permissions);
     bool InitBinds(const std::vector<CService>& binds, const std::vector<NetWhitebindPermissions>& whiteBinds);
     void ThreadOpenAddedConnections();
diff --git a/src/noui.cpp b/src/noui.cpp
index 11cfe7f94d..ddb3a50ff7 100644
--- a/src/noui.cpp
+++ b/src/noui.cpp
@@ -5,8 +5,9 @@
 
 #include <noui.h>
 
+#include <logging.h>
 #include <ui_interface.h>
-#include <util/system.h>
+#include <util/translation.h>
 
 #include <string>
 
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ boost::signals2::connection noui_ThreadSafeMessageBoxConn;
 boost::signals2::connection noui_ThreadSafeQuestionConn;
 boost::signals2::connection noui_InitMessageConn;
 
-bool noui_ThreadSafeMessageBox(const std::string& message, const std::string& caption, unsigned int style)
+bool noui_ThreadSafeMessageBox(const bilingual_str& message, const std::string& caption, unsigned int style)
 {
     bool fSecure = style & CClientUIInterface::SECURE;
     style &= ~CClientUIInterface::SECURE;
@@ -43,15 +44,15 @@ bool noui_ThreadSafeMessageBox(const std::string& message, const std::string& ca
     }
 
     if (!fSecure) {
-        LogPrintf("%s%s\n", strCaption, message);
+        LogPrintf("%s%s\n", strCaption, message.original);
     }
-    tfm::format(std::cerr, "%s%s\n", strCaption, message);
+    tfm::format(std::cerr, "%s%s\n", strCaption, message.original);
     return false;
 }
 
-bool noui_ThreadSafeQuestion(const std::string& /* ignored interactive message */, const std::string& message, const std::string& caption, unsigned int style)
+bool noui_ThreadSafeQuestion(const bilingual_str& /* ignored interactive message */, const std::string& message, const std::string& caption, unsigned int style)
 {
-    return noui_ThreadSafeMessageBox(message, caption, style);
+    return noui_ThreadSafeMessageBox(Untranslated(message), caption, style);
 }
 
 void noui_InitMessage(const std::string& message)
@@ -66,13 +67,13 @@ void noui_connect()
     noui_InitMessageConn = uiInterface.InitMessage_connect(noui_InitMessage);
 }
 
-bool noui_ThreadSafeMessageBoxRedirect(const std::string& message, const std::string& caption, unsigned int style)
+bool noui_ThreadSafeMessageBoxRedirect(const bilingual_str& message, const std::string& caption, unsigned int style)
 {
-    LogPrintf("%s: %s\n", caption, message);
+    LogPrintf("%s: %s\n", caption, message.original);
     return false;
 }
 
-bool noui_ThreadSafeQuestionRedirect(const std::string& /* ignored interactive message */, const std::string& message, const std::string& caption, unsigned int style)
+bool noui_ThreadSafeQuestionRedirect(const bilingual_str& /* ignored interactive message */, const std::string& message, const std::string& caption, unsigned int style)
 {
     LogPrintf("%s: %s\n", caption, message);
     return false;
diff --git a/src/noui.h b/src/noui.h
index 5e5767b453..8ec5708328 100644
--- a/src/noui.h
+++ b/src/noui.h
@@ -7,10 +7,12 @@
 
 #include <string>
 
+struct bilingual_str;
+
 /** Non-GUI handler, which logs and prints messages. */
-bool noui_ThreadSafeMessageBox(const std::string& message, const std::string& caption, unsigned int style);
+bool noui_ThreadSafeMessageBox(const bilingual_str& message, const std::string& caption, unsigned int style);
 /** Non-GUI handler, which logs and prints questions. */
-bool noui_ThreadSafeQuestion(const std::string& /* ignored interactive message */, const std::string& message, const std::string& caption, unsigned int style);
+bool noui_ThreadSafeQuestion(const bilingual_str& /* ignored interactive message */, const std::string& message, const std::string& caption, unsigned int style);
 /** Non-GUI handler, which only logs a message. */
 void noui_InitMessage(const std::string& message);
 
diff --git a/src/qt/bitcoingui.cpp b/src/qt/bitcoingui.cpp
index cf2de1a417..3a1fdc22a6 100644
--- a/src/qt/bitcoingui.cpp
+++ b/src/qt/bitcoingui.cpp
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 #include <interfaces/node.h>
 #include <ui_interface.h>
 #include <util/system.h>
+#include <util/translation.h>
 
 #include <QAction>
 #include <QApplication>
@@ -1039,7 +1040,7 @@ void BitcoinGUI::setNumBlocks(int count, const QDateTime& blockDate, double nVer
     progressBar->setToolTip(tooltip);
 }
 
-void BitcoinGUI::message(const QString& title, QString message, unsigned int style, bool* ret)
+void BitcoinGUI::message(const QString& title, QString message, unsigned int style, bool* ret, const QString& detailed_message)
 {
     // Default title. On macOS, the window title is ignored (as required by the macOS Guidelines).
     QString strTitle{PACKAGE_NAME};
@@ -1093,6 +1094,7 @@ void BitcoinGUI::message(const QString& title, QString message, unsigned int sty
         showNormalIfMinimized();
         QMessageBox mBox(static_cast<QMessageBox::Icon>(nMBoxIcon), strTitle, message, buttons, this);
         mBox.setTextFormat(Qt::PlainText);
+        mBox.setDetailedText(detailed_message);
         int r = mBox.exec();
         if (ret != nullptr)
             *ret = r == QMessageBox::Ok;
@@ -1368,20 +1370,27 @@ void BitcoinGUI::showModalOverlay()
         modalOverlay->toggleVisibility();
 }
 
-static bool ThreadSafeMessageBox(BitcoinGUI* gui, const std::string& message, const std::string& caption, unsigned int style)
+static bool ThreadSafeMessageBox(BitcoinGUI* gui, const bilingual_str& message, const std::string& caption, unsigned int style)
 {
     bool modal = (style & CClientUIInterface::MODAL);
     // The SECURE flag has no effect in the Qt GUI.
     // bool secure = (style & CClientUIInterface::SECURE);
     style &= ~CClientUIInterface::SECURE;
     bool ret = false;
+
+    QString detailed_message; // This is original message, in English, for googling and referencing.
+    if (message.original != message.translated) {
+        detailed_message = BitcoinGUI::tr("Original message:") + "\n" + QString::fromStdString(message.original);
+    }
+
     // In case of modal message, use blocking connection to wait for user to click a button
     bool invoked = QMetaObject::invokeMethod(gui, "message",
                                modal ? GUIUtil::blockingGUIThreadConnection() : Qt::QueuedConnection,
                                Q_ARG(QString, QString::fromStdString(caption)),
-                               Q_ARG(QString, QString::fromStdString(message)),
+                               Q_ARG(QString, QString::fromStdString(message.translated)),
                                Q_ARG(unsigned int, style),
-                               Q_ARG(bool*, &ret));
+                               Q_ARG(bool*, &ret),
+                               Q_ARG(QString, detailed_message));
     assert(invoked);
     return ret;
 }
diff --git a/src/qt/bitcoingui.h b/src/qt/bitcoingui.h
index 70366e12d1..dda88930db 100644
--- a/src/qt/bitcoingui.h
+++ b/src/qt/bitcoingui.h
@@ -216,13 +216,14 @@ public Q_SLOTS:
     void setNumBlocks(int count, const QDateTime& blockDate, double nVerificationProgress, bool headers);
 
     /** Notify the user of an event from the core network or transaction handling code.
-       @param[in] title     the message box / notification title
-       @param[in] message   the displayed text
-       @param[in] style     modality and style definitions (icon and used buttons - buttons only for message boxes)
-                            @see CClientUIInterface::MessageBoxFlags
-       @param[in] ret       pointer to a bool that will be modified to whether Ok was clicked (modal only)
+       @param[in] title             the message box / notification title
+       @param[in] message           the displayed text
+       @param[in] style             modality and style definitions (icon and used buttons - buttons only for message boxes)
+                                    @see CClientUIInterface::MessageBoxFlags
+       @param[in] ret               pointer to a bool that will be modified to whether Ok was clicked (modal only)
+       @param[in] detailed_message  the text to be displayed in the details area
     */
-    void message(const QString& title, QString message, unsigned int style, bool* ret = nullptr);
+    void message(const QString& title, QString message, unsigned int style, bool* ret = nullptr, const QString& detailed_message = QString());
 
 #ifdef ENABLE_WALLET
     void setCurrentWallet(WalletModel* wallet_model);
diff --git a/src/timedata.cpp b/src/timedata.cpp
index 942b3cb919..dd56acf44f 100644
--- a/src/timedata.cpp
+++ b/src/timedata.cpp
@@ -101,8 +101,8 @@ void AddTimeData(const CNetAddr& ip, int64_t nOffsetSample)
                 if (!fMatch)
                 {
                     fDone = true;
-                    std::string strMessage = strprintf(_("Please check that your computer's date and time are correct! If your clock is wrong, %s will not work properly.").translated, PACKAGE_NAME);
-                    SetMiscWarning(strMessage);
+                    bilingual_str strMessage = strprintf(_("Please check that your computer's date and time are correct! If your clock is wrong, %s will not work properly."), PACKAGE_NAME);
+                    SetMiscWarning(strMessage.translated);
                     uiInterface.ThreadSafeMessageBox(strMessage, "", CClientUIInterface::MSG_WARNING);
                 }
             }
diff --git a/src/ui_interface.cpp b/src/ui_interface.cpp
index 85bb746d19..9cfde9502d 100644
--- a/src/ui_interface.cpp
+++ b/src/ui_interface.cpp
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 
 #include <ui_interface.h>
 
+#include <util/translation.h>
+
 #include <boost/signals2/last_value.hpp>
 #include <boost/signals2/signal.hpp>
 
@@ -40,8 +42,8 @@ ADD_SIGNALS_IMPL_WRAPPER(NotifyBlockTip);
 ADD_SIGNALS_IMPL_WRAPPER(NotifyHeaderTip);
 ADD_SIGNALS_IMPL_WRAPPER(BannedListChanged);
 
-bool CClientUIInterface::ThreadSafeMessageBox(const std::string& message, const std::string& caption, unsigned int style) { return g_ui_signals.ThreadSafeMessageBox(message, caption, style); }
-bool CClientUIInterface::ThreadSafeQuestion(const std::string& message, const std::string& non_interactive_message, const std::string& caption, unsigned int style) { return g_ui_signals.ThreadSafeQuestion(message, non_interactive_message, caption, style); }
+bool CClientUIInterface::ThreadSafeMessageBox(const bilingual_str& message, const std::string& caption, unsigned int style) { return g_ui_signals.ThreadSafeMessageBox(message, caption, style); }
+bool CClientUIInterface::ThreadSafeQuestion(const bilingual_str& message, const std::string& non_interactive_message, const std::string& caption, unsigned int style) { return g_ui_signals.ThreadSafeQuestion(message, non_interactive_message, caption, style); }
 void CClientUIInterface::InitMessage(const std::string& message) { return g_ui_signals.InitMessage(message); }
 void CClientUIInterface::NotifyNumConnectionsChanged(int newNumConnections) { return g_ui_signals.NotifyNumConnectionsChanged(newNumConnections); }
 void CClientUIInterface::NotifyNetworkActiveChanged(bool networkActive) { return g_ui_signals.NotifyNetworkActiveChanged(networkActive); }
@@ -51,8 +53,7 @@ void CClientUIInterface::NotifyBlockTip(bool b, const CBlockIndex* i) { return g
 void CClientUIInterface::NotifyHeaderTip(bool b, const CBlockIndex* i) { return g_ui_signals.NotifyHeaderTip(b, i); }
 void CClientUIInterface::BannedListChanged() { return g_ui_signals.BannedListChanged(); }
 
-
-bool InitError(const std::string& str)
+bool InitError(const bilingual_str& str)
 {
     uiInterface.ThreadSafeMessageBox(str, "", CClientUIInterface::MSG_ERROR);
     return false;
@@ -60,5 +61,5 @@ bool InitError(const std::string& str)
 
 void InitWarning(const std::string& str)
 {
-    uiInterface.ThreadSafeMessageBox(str, "", CClientUIInterface::MSG_WARNING);
+    uiInterface.ThreadSafeMessageBox(Untranslated(str), "", CClientUIInterface::MSG_WARNING);
 }
diff --git a/src/ui_interface.h b/src/ui_interface.h
index b402177b85..132866cc5a 100644
--- a/src/ui_interface.h
+++ b/src/ui_interface.h
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@
 #include <string>
 
 class CBlockIndex;
+struct bilingual_str;
+
 namespace boost {
 namespace signals2 {
 class connection;
@@ -82,10 +84,10 @@ public:
     boost::signals2::connection signal_name##_connect(std::function<signal_name##Sig> fn);
 
     /** Show message box. */
-    ADD_SIGNALS_DECL_WRAPPER(ThreadSafeMessageBox, bool, const std::string& message, const std::string& caption, unsigned int style);
+    ADD_SIGNALS_DECL_WRAPPER(ThreadSafeMessageBox, bool, const bilingual_str& message, const std::string& caption, unsigned int style);
 
     /** If possible, ask the user a question. If not, falls back to ThreadSafeMessageBox(noninteractive_message, caption, style) and returns false. */
-    ADD_SIGNALS_DECL_WRAPPER(ThreadSafeQuestion, bool, const std::string& message, const std::string& noninteractive_message, const std::string& caption, unsigned int style);
+    ADD_SIGNALS_DECL_WRAPPER(ThreadSafeQuestion, bool, const bilingual_str& message, const std::string& noninteractive_message, const std::string& caption, unsigned int style);
 
     /** Progress message during initialization. */
     ADD_SIGNALS_DECL_WRAPPER(InitMessage, void, const std::string& message);
@@ -118,10 +120,11 @@ public:
 };
 
 /** Show warning message **/
+// TODO: InitWarning() should take a bilingual_str parameter.
 void InitWarning(const std::string& str);
 
 /** Show error message **/
-bool InitError(const std::string& str);
+bool InitError(const bilingual_str& str);
 
 extern CClientUIInterface uiInterface;
 
diff --git a/src/util/translation.h b/src/util/translation.h
index b2d964c977..45595405e7 100644
--- a/src/util/translation.h
+++ b/src/util/translation.h
@@ -26,11 +26,11 @@ inline bilingual_str operator+(const bilingual_str& lhs, const bilingual_str& rh
 }
 
 /** Mark a bilingual_str as untranslated */
-inline static bilingual_str Untranslated(std::string original) { return {original, original}; }
+inline bilingual_str Untranslated(std::string original) { return {original, original}; }
 /** Unary operator to return the original */
-inline static std::string OpOriginal(const bilingual_str& b) { return b.original; }
+inline std::string OpOriginal(const bilingual_str& b) { return b.original; }
 /** Unary operator to return the translation */
-inline static std::string OpTranslated(const bilingual_str& b) { return b.translated; }
+inline std::string OpTranslated(const bilingual_str& b) { return b.translated; }
 
 namespace tinyformat {
 template <typename... Args>
diff --git a/src/validation.cpp b/src/validation.cpp
index a924af90af..8a454c8d1b 100644
--- a/src/validation.cpp
+++ b/src/validation.cpp
@@ -1651,14 +1651,15 @@ bool UndoReadFromDisk(CBlockUndo& blockundo, const CBlockIndex* pindex)
 }
 
 /** Abort with a message */
+// TODO: AbortNode() should take bilingual_str userMessage parameter.
 static bool AbortNode(const std::string& strMessage, const std::string& userMessage = "", unsigned int prefix = 0)
 {
     SetMiscWarning(strMessage);
     LogPrintf("*** %s\n", strMessage);
     if (!userMessage.empty()) {
-        uiInterface.ThreadSafeMessageBox(userMessage, "", CClientUIInterface::MSG_ERROR | prefix);
+        uiInterface.ThreadSafeMessageBox(Untranslated(userMessage), "", CClientUIInterface::MSG_ERROR | prefix);
     } else {
-        uiInterface.ThreadSafeMessageBox(_("Error: A fatal internal error occurred, see debug.log for details").translated, "", CClientUIInterface::MSG_ERROR | CClientUIInterface::MSG_NOPREFIX);
+        uiInterface.ThreadSafeMessageBox(_("Error: A fatal internal error occurred, see debug.log for details"), "", CClientUIInterface::MSG_ERROR | CClientUIInterface::MSG_NOPREFIX);
     }
     StartShutdown();
     return false;
diff --git a/src/wallet/init.cpp b/src/wallet/init.cpp
index 8688f3df5e..6f973aab1c 100644
--- a/src/wallet/init.cpp
+++ b/src/wallet/init.cpp
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ bool WalletInit::ParameterInteraction() const
 
     if (gArgs.GetBoolArg("-salvagewallet", false)) {
         if (is_multiwallet) {
-            return InitError(strprintf("%s is only allowed with a single wallet file", "-salvagewallet"));
+            return InitError(strprintf(Untranslated("%s is only allowed with a single wallet file"), "-salvagewallet"));
         }
         // Rewrite just private keys: rescan to find transactions
         if (gArgs.SoftSetBoolArg("-rescan", true)) {
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ bool WalletInit::ParameterInteraction() const
     // -zapwallettxes implies a rescan
     if (zapwallettxes) {
         if (is_multiwallet) {
-            return InitError(strprintf("%s is only allowed with a single wallet file", "-zapwallettxes"));
+            return InitError(strprintf(Untranslated("%s is only allowed with a single wallet file"), "-zapwallettxes"));
         }
         if (gArgs.SoftSetBoolArg("-rescan", true)) {
             LogPrintf("%s: parameter interaction: -zapwallettxes enabled -> setting -rescan=1\n", __func__);
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ bool WalletInit::ParameterInteraction() const
     }
 
     if (gArgs.GetBoolArg("-sysperms", false))
-        return InitError("-sysperms is not allowed in combination with enabled wallet functionality");
+        return InitError(Untranslated("-sysperms is not allowed in combination with enabled wallet functionality"));
 
     return true;
 }
diff --git a/src/wallet/load.cpp b/src/wallet/load.cpp
index 217a950457..45841b2ae1 100644
--- a/src/wallet/load.cpp
+++ b/src/wallet/load.cpp
@@ -20,14 +20,14 @@ bool VerifyWallets(interfaces::Chain& chain, const std::vector<std::string>& wal
         // The canonical path cleans the path, preventing >1 Berkeley environment instances for the same directory
         fs::path canonical_wallet_dir = fs::canonical(wallet_dir, error);
         if (error || !fs::exists(wallet_dir)) {
-            chain.initError(strprintf(_("Specified -walletdir \"%s\" does not exist").translated, wallet_dir.string()));
+            chain.initError(strprintf(_("Specified -walletdir \"%s\" does not exist"), wallet_dir.string()));
             return false;
         } else if (!fs::is_directory(wallet_dir)) {
-            chain.initError(strprintf(_("Specified -walletdir \"%s\" is not a directory").translated, wallet_dir.string()));
+            chain.initError(strprintf(_("Specified -walletdir \"%s\" is not a directory"), wallet_dir.string()));
             return false;
         // The canonical path transforms relative paths into absolute ones, so we check the non-canonical version
         } else if (!wallet_dir.is_absolute()) {
-            chain.initError(strprintf(_("Specified -walletdir \"%s\" is a relative path").translated, wallet_dir.string()));
+            chain.initError(strprintf(_("Specified -walletdir \"%s\" is a relative path"), wallet_dir.string()));
             return false;
         }
         gArgs.ForceSetArg("-walletdir", canonical_wallet_dir.string());
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ bool VerifyWallets(interfaces::Chain& chain, const std::vector<std::string>& wal
         WalletLocation location(wallet_file);
 
         if (!wallet_paths.insert(location.GetPath()).second) {
-            chain.initError(strprintf(_("Error loading wallet %s. Duplicate -wallet filename specified.").translated, wallet_file));
+            chain.initError(strprintf(_("Error loading wallet %s. Duplicate -wallet filename specified."), wallet_file));
             return false;
         }
 
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ bool VerifyWallets(interfaces::Chain& chain, const std::vector<std::string>& wal
         bool verify_success = CWallet::Verify(chain, location, salvage_wallet, error_string, warnings);
         if (!warnings.empty()) chain.initWarning(Join(warnings, "\n", OpTranslated));
         if (!verify_success) {
-            chain.initError(error_string.translated);
+            chain.initError(error_string);
             return false;
         }
     }
@@ -75,14 +75,14 @@ bool LoadWallets(interfaces::Chain& chain, const std::vector<std::string>& walle
             std::shared_ptr<CWallet> pwallet = CWallet::CreateWalletFromFile(chain, WalletLocation(walletFile), error, warnings);
             if (!warnings.empty()) chain.initWarning(Join(warnings, "\n", OpTranslated));
             if (!pwallet) {
-                chain.initError(error.translated);
+                chain.initError(error);
                 return false;
             }
             AddWallet(pwallet);
         }
         return true;
     } catch (const std::runtime_error& e) {
-        chain.initError(e.what());
+        chain.initError(Untranslated(e.what()));
         return false;
     }
 }