Merge #17283: rpc: improve getaddressinfo test coverage, help, code docs

33f5fc32e5bfbe1e89c4d20ce455bcc6dc194151 test: add rpc getaddressinfo labels test coverage (Jon Atack)
0f3539ac6d772fc646b5f184fa1efe77bf632f6a test: add listlabels test in wallet_labels.py (Jon Atack)
1388de83900eaced906d369fe9e8887ae74b2dcf rpc: add getaddressinfo code documentation (Jon Atack)
2ee0cb3330ccf70f0540cb42370796e32eff1569 rpc: update getaddressinfo RPCExamples to bech32 (Jon Atack)
8d1ed0c263f8cdff7189f02040b5d02238d93da0 rpc: clarify label vs labels in getaddressinfo RPCHelpman (Jon Atack)
5a0ed850700dfb19167d40b38f80313bd5e427ca rpc: improve getaddressinfo RPCHelpman content (Jon Atack)
70cda342cd20d0e0cd9f28405457544036968f2d rpc: improve getaddressinfo RPCHelpman formatting (Jon Atack)

Pull request description:

  This PR is a continuation of the work in https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/12892.

  Main motivations:
  - There is currently no test coverage for the getaddressinfo `labels` response. Coverage here is a prerequisite before deprecating the `label` response or adding multiple labels per address.
  - `bitcoin-cli help getaddressinfo` returns a few content errors, difficult-to-read formatting, and no explanation why it returns both `label` and `labels` and how they relate, which can be confusing for application developers.

  Changes by order of commits:
  - [x] improve/fix getaddressinfo RPCHelpman layout formatting
  - [x] improve/fix getaddressinfo RPCHelpman content
  - [x] clarify the `label` and `labels` fields in getaddressinfo RPCHelpman
  - [x] update getaddressinfo RPCExamples addresses to bech32
  - [x] add getaddressinfo code docs
  - [x] add a `listlabels` test assertion in wallet_labels.py
  - [x] add missing getaddressinfo `labels` test coverage and improve the existing `label` tests

  Here are gists of the CLI help output:
  [`bitcoin-cli help getaddressinfo` before this PR](https://gist.github.com/jonatack/022af5221a85c069780359a22643c810)
  [`bitcoin-cli help getaddressinfo` after this PR](https://gist.github.com/jonatack/4ee5f6abc62a3d99269570206a5f90ba)

  It seems we ought to begin a deprecation process for the getaddressinfo `label` field? If yes, I have a follow-up ready. _--> EDIT: Deprecation follow-ups #17578 and #17585 now build on this PR._

ACKs for top commit:
  fjahr:
    Re-ACK 33f5fc32e5bfbe1e89c4d20ce455bcc6dc194151
  jnewbery:
    ACK 33f5fc32e5bfbe1e89c4d20ce455bcc6dc194151.

Tree-SHA512: a001aa863090ec2566a31059477945b1c303ebeb430b33472f8b150e420fa5742fc33bca9d95571746395b607f43f6078dd5b53e238ac1f3fc648b51c8f79a07

1 files changed, 59 insertions, 36 deletions

diff --git a/src/wallet/rpcwallet.cpp b/src/wallet/rpcwallet.cpp
index f48e1e90fd..d906f6ddf0 100644
--- a/src/wallet/rpcwallet.cpp
+++ b/src/wallet/rpcwallet.cpp
@@ -951,7 +951,7 @@ static UniValue addmultisigaddress(const JSONRPCRequest& request)
     }
 
             RPCHelpMan{"addmultisigaddress",
-                "\nAdd a nrequired-to-sign multisignature address to the wallet. Requires a new wallet backup.\n"
+                "\nAdd an nrequired-to-sign multisignature address to the wallet. Requires a new wallet backup.\n"
                 "Each key is a Bitcoin address or hex-encoded public key.\n"
                 "This functionality is only intended for use with non-watchonly addresses.\n"
                 "See `importaddress` for watchonly p2sh address support.\n"
@@ -3709,52 +3709,57 @@ UniValue getaddressinfo(const JSONRPCRequest& request)
     }
 
             RPCHelpMan{"getaddressinfo",
-                "\nReturn information about the given bitcoin address. Some information requires the address\n"
-                "to be in the wallet.\n",
+                "\nReturn information about the given bitcoin address.\n"
+                "Some of the information will only be present if the address is in the active wallet.\n",
                 {
-                    {"address", RPCArg::Type::STR, RPCArg::Optional::NO, "The bitcoin address to get the information of."},
+                    {"address", RPCArg::Type::STR, RPCArg::Optional::NO, "The bitcoin address for which to get information."},
                 },
                 RPCResult{
             "{\n"
-            "  \"address\" : \"address\",        (string) The bitcoin address validated\n"
-            "  \"scriptPubKey\" : \"hex\",       (string) The hex-encoded scriptPubKey generated by the address\n"
-            "  \"ismine\" : true|false,        (boolean) If the address is yours or not\n"
-            "  \"iswatchonly\" : true|false,   (boolean) If the address is watchonly\n"
-            "  \"solvable\" : true|false,      (boolean) Whether we know how to spend coins sent to this address, ignoring the possible lack of private keys\n"
-            "  \"desc\" : \"desc\",            (string, optional) A descriptor for spending coins sent to this address (only when solvable)\n"
-            "  \"isscript\" : true|false,      (boolean) If the key is a script\n"
-            "  \"ischange\" : true|false,      (boolean) If the address was used for change output\n"
-            "  \"iswitness\" : true|false,     (boolean) If the address is a witness address\n"
-            "  \"witness_version\" : version   (numeric, optional) The version number of the witness program\n"
-            "  \"witness_program\" : \"hex\"     (string, optional) The hex value of the witness program\n"
-            "  \"script\" : \"type\"             (string, optional) The output script type. Only if \"isscript\" is true and the redeemscript is known. Possible types: nonstandard, pubkey, pubkeyhash, scripthash, multisig, nulldata, witness_v0_keyhash, witness_v0_scripthash, witness_unknown\n"
-            "  \"hex\" : \"hex\",                (string, optional) The redeemscript for the p2sh address\n"
-            "  \"pubkeys\"                     (string, optional) Array of pubkeys associated with the known redeemscript (only if \"script\" is \"multisig\")\n"
+            "  \"address\" : \"address\",              (string) The bitcoin address validated.\n"
+            "  \"scriptPubKey\" : \"hex\",             (string) The hex-encoded scriptPubKey generated by the address.\n"
+            "  \"ismine\" : true|false,              (boolean) If the address is yours.\n"
+            "  \"iswatchonly\" : true|false,         (boolean) If the address is watchonly.\n"
+            "  \"solvable\" : true|false,            (boolean) If we know how to spend coins sent to this address, ignoring the possible lack of private keys.\n"
+            "  \"desc\" : \"desc\",                    (string, optional) A descriptor for spending coins sent to this address (only when solvable).\n"
+            "  \"isscript\" : true|false,            (boolean) If the key is a script.\n"
+            "  \"ischange\" : true|false,            (boolean) If the address was used for change output.\n"
+            "  \"iswitness\" : true|false,           (boolean) If the address is a witness address.\n"
+            "  \"witness_version\" : version         (numeric, optional) The version number of the witness program.\n"
+            "  \"witness_program\" : \"hex\"           (string, optional) The hex value of the witness program.\n"
+            "  \"script\" : \"type\"                   (string, optional) The output script type. Only if isscript is true and the redeemscript is known. Possible\n"
+            "                                                         types: nonstandard, pubkey, pubkeyhash, scripthash, multisig, nulldata, witness_v0_keyhash,\n"
+            "                                                         witness_v0_scripthash, witness_unknown.\n"
+            "  \"hex\" : \"hex\",                      (string, optional) The redeemscript for the p2sh address.\n"
+            "  \"pubkeys\"                           (array, optional) Array of pubkeys associated with the known redeemscript (only if script is multisig).\n"
             "    [\n"
-            "      \"pubkey\"\n"
+            "      \"pubkey\" (string)\n"
             "      ,...\n"
             "    ]\n"
-            "  \"sigsrequired\" : xxxxx        (numeric, optional) Number of signatures required to spend multisig output (only if \"script\" is \"multisig\")\n"
-            "  \"pubkey\" : \"publickeyhex\",    (string, optional) The hex value of the raw public key, for single-key addresses (possibly embedded in P2SH or P2WSH)\n"
-            "  \"embedded\" : {...},           (object, optional) Information about the address embedded in P2SH or P2WSH, if relevant and known. It includes all getaddressinfo output fields for the embedded address, excluding metadata (\"timestamp\", \"hdkeypath\", \"hdseedid\") and relation to the wallet (\"ismine\", \"iswatchonly\").\n"
-            "  \"iscompressed\" : true|false,  (boolean, optional) If the pubkey is compressed\n"
-            "  \"label\" :  \"label\"         (string) The label associated with the address, \"\" is the default label\n"
-            "  \"timestamp\" : timestamp,      (number, optional) The creation time of the key if available in seconds since epoch (Jan 1 1970 GMT)\n"
-            "  \"hdkeypath\" : \"keypath\"       (string, optional) The HD keypath if the key is HD and available\n"
-            "  \"hdseedid\" : \"<hash160>\"      (string, optional) The Hash160 of the HD seed\n"
-            "  \"hdmasterfingerprint\" : \"<hash160>\" (string, optional) The fingperint of the master key.\n"
-            "  \"labels\"                      (object) Array of labels associated with the address.\n"
+            "  \"sigsrequired\" : xxxxx              (numeric, optional) The number of signatures required to spend multisig output (only if script is multisig).\n"
+            "  \"pubkey\" : \"publickeyhex\",          (string, optional) The hex value of the raw public key for single-key addresses (possibly embedded in P2SH or P2WSH).\n"
+            "  \"embedded\" : {...},                 (object, optional) Information about the address embedded in P2SH or P2WSH, if relevant and known. Includes all\n"
+            "                                                         getaddressinfo output fields for the embedded address, excluding metadata (timestamp, hdkeypath,\n"
+            "                                                         hdseedid) and relation to the wallet (ismine, iswatchonly).\n"
+            "  \"iscompressed\" : true|false,        (boolean, optional) If the pubkey is compressed.\n"
+            "  \"label\" :  \"label\"                  (string) The label associated with the address. Defaults to \"\". Equivalent to the name field in the labels array.\n"
+            "  \"timestamp\" : timestamp,            (number, optional) The creation time of the key if available, expressed in seconds since Epoch Time (Jan 1 1970 GMT).\n"
+            "  \"hdkeypath\" : \"keypath\"             (string, optional) The HD keypath, if the key is HD and available.\n"
+            "  \"hdseedid\" : \"<hash160>\"            (string, optional) The Hash160 of the HD seed.\n"
+            "  \"hdmasterfingerprint\" : \"<hash160>\" (string, optional) The fingerprint of the master key.\n"
+            "  \"labels\"                            (object) An array of labels associated with the address. Currently limited to one label but returned\n"
+            "                                               as an array to keep the API stable if multiple labels are enabled in the future.\n"
             "    [\n"
             "      { (json object of label data)\n"
-            "        \"name\": \"labelname\" (string) The label\n"
-            "        \"purpose\": \"string\" (string) Purpose of address (\"send\" for sending address, \"receive\" for receiving address)\n"
+            "        \"name\": \"label name\" (string) The label name. Defaults to \"\". Equivalent to the label field above.\n"
+            "        \"purpose\": \"purpose\" (string) The purpose of the associated address (send or receive).\n"
             "      },...\n"
             "    ]\n"
             "}\n"
                 },
                 RPCExamples{
-                    HelpExampleCli("getaddressinfo", "\"1PSSGeFHDnKNxiEyFrD1wcEaHr9hrQDDWc\"")
-            + HelpExampleRpc("getaddressinfo", "\"1PSSGeFHDnKNxiEyFrD1wcEaHr9hrQDDWc\"")
+                    HelpExampleCli("getaddressinfo", "\"bc1q09vm5lfy0j5reeulh4x5752q25uqqvz34hufdl\"") +
+                    HelpExampleRpc("getaddressinfo", "\"bc1q09vm5lfy0j5reeulh4x5752q25uqqvz34hufdl\"")
                 },
             }.Check(request);
 
@@ -3773,23 +3778,39 @@ UniValue getaddressinfo(const JSONRPCRequest& request)
 
     CScript scriptPubKey = GetScriptForDestination(dest);
     ret.pushKV("scriptPubKey", HexStr(scriptPubKey.begin(), scriptPubKey.end()));
+
     const SigningProvider* provider = pwallet->GetSigningProvider(scriptPubKey);
 
     isminetype mine = pwallet->IsMine(dest);
     ret.pushKV("ismine", bool(mine & ISMINE_SPENDABLE));
+
     bool solvable = provider && IsSolvable(*provider, scriptPubKey);
     ret.pushKV("solvable", solvable);
+
     if (solvable) {
        ret.pushKV("desc", InferDescriptor(scriptPubKey, *provider)->ToString());
     }
+
     ret.pushKV("iswatchonly", bool(mine & ISMINE_WATCH_ONLY));
+
+    // Return DescribeWalletAddress fields.
+    // Always returned: isscript, ischange, iswitness.
+    // Optional: witness_version, witness_program, script, hex, pubkeys (array),
+    // sigsrequired, pubkey, embedded, iscompressed.
     UniValue detail = DescribeWalletAddress(pwallet, dest);
     ret.pushKVs(detail);
+
+    // Return label field if existing. Currently only one label can be
+    // associated with an address, so the label should be equivalent to the
+    // value of the name key/value pair in the labels hash array below.
     if (pwallet->mapAddressBook.count(dest)) {
         ret.pushKV("label", pwallet->mapAddressBook[dest].name);
     }
+
     ret.pushKV("ischange", pwallet->IsChange(scriptPubKey));
 
+    // Fetch KeyMetadata, if present, for the timestamp, hdkeypath, hdseedid,
+    // and hdmasterfingerprint fields.
     ScriptPubKeyMan* spk_man = pwallet->GetScriptPubKeyMan(scriptPubKey);
     if (spk_man) {
         if (const CKeyMetadata* meta = spk_man->GetMetadata(dest)) {
@@ -3802,9 +3823,11 @@ UniValue getaddressinfo(const JSONRPCRequest& request)
         }
     }
 
-    // Currently only one label can be associated with an address, return an array
-    // so the API remains stable if we allow multiple labels to be associated with
-    // an address.
+    // Return a labels array containing a hash of key/value pairs for the label
+    // name and address purpose. The name value is equivalent to the label field
+    // above. Currently only one label can be associated with an address, but we
+    // return an array so the API remains stable if we allow multiple labels to
+    // be associated with an address in the future.
     UniValue labels(UniValue::VARR);
     std::map<CTxDestination, CAddressBookData>::iterator mi = pwallet->mapAddressBook.find(dest);
     if (mi != pwallet->mapAddressBook.end()) {