Add wallet privkey encryption.

This commit adds support for ckeys, or enCrypted private keys, to the wallet.
All keys are stored in memory in their encrypted form and thus the passphrase
is required from the user to spend coins, or to create new addresses.

Keys are encrypted with AES-256-CBC using OpenSSL's EVP library. The key is
calculated via EVP_BytesToKey using SHA512 with (by default) 25000 rounds and
a random salt.

By default, the user's wallet remains unencrypted until they call the RPC
command encryptwallet <passphrase> or, from the GUI menu, Options->
Encrypt Wallet.

When the user is attempting to call RPC functions which require the password
to unlock the wallet, an error will be returned unless they call
walletpassphrase <passphrase> <time to keep key in memory> first.

A keypoolrefill command has been added which tops up the users keypool
(requiring the passphrase via walletpassphrase first).
keypoolsize has been added to the output of getinfo to show the user the
number of keys left before they need to specify their passphrase (and call
keypoolrefill).

Note that walletpassphrase will automatically fill keypool in a separate
thread which it spawns when the passphrase is set. This could cause some
delays in other threads waiting for locks on the wallet passphrase, including
one which could cause the passphrase to be stored longer than expected,
however it will not allow the passphrase to be used longer than expected as
ThreadCleanWalletPassphrase will attempt to get a lock on the key as soon
as the specified lock time has arrived.

When the keypool runs out (and wallet is locked) GetOrReuseKeyFromPool
returns vchDefaultKey, meaning miners may start to generate many blocks to
vchDefaultKey instead of a new key each time.

A walletpassphrasechange <oldpassphrase> <newpassphrase> has been added to
allow the user to change their password via RPC.

Whenever keying material (unencrypted private keys, the user's passphrase,
the wallet's AES key) is stored unencrypted in memory, any reasonable attempt
is made to mlock/VirtualLock that memory before storing the keying material.
This is not true in several (commented) cases where mlock/VirtualLocking the
memory is not possible.

Although encryption of private keys in memory can be very useful on desktop
systems (as some small amount of protection against stupid viruses), on an
RPC server, the password is entered fairly insecurely. Thus, the only main
advantage encryption has for RPC servers is for RPC servers that do not spend
coins, except in rare cases, eg. a webserver of a merchant which only receives
payment except for cases of manual intervention.

Thanks to jgarzik for the original patch and sipa, gmaxwell and many others
for all their input.

Conflicts:

	src/wallet.cpp

1 files changed, 19 insertions, 1 deletions

diff --git a/src/wallet.h b/src/wallet.h
index 8fb29a4892..c0ee24f0be 100644
--- a/src/wallet.h
+++ b/src/wallet.h
@@ -26,14 +26,20 @@ public:
     std::set<int64> setKeyPool;
     CCriticalSection cs_setKeyPool;
 
+    typedef std::map<unsigned int, CMasterKey> MasterKeyMap;
+    MasterKeyMap mapMasterKeys;
+    unsigned int nMasterKeyMaxID;
+
     CWallet()
     {
         fFileBacked = false;
+        nMasterKeyMaxID = 0;
     }
     CWallet(std::string strWalletFileIn)
     {
         strWalletFile = strWalletFileIn;
         fFileBacked = true;
+        nMasterKeyMaxID = 0;
     }
 
     mutable CCriticalSection cs_mapWallet;
@@ -51,6 +57,12 @@ public:
     // keystore implementation
     bool AddKey(const CKey& key);
     bool LoadKey(const CKey& key) { return CCryptoKeyStore::AddKey(key); }
+    bool AddCryptedKey(const std::vector<unsigned char> &vchPubKey, const std::vector<unsigned char> &vchCryptedSecret);
+    bool LoadCryptedKey(const std::vector<unsigned char> &vchPubKey, const std::vector<unsigned char> &vchCryptedSecret) { return CCryptoKeyStore::AddCryptedKey(vchPubKey, vchCryptedSecret); }
+
+    bool Unlock(const std::string& strWalletPassphrase);
+    bool ChangeWalletPassphrase(const std::string& strOldWalletPassphrase, const std::string& strNewWalletPassphrase);
+    bool EncryptWallet(const std::string& strWalletPassphrase);
 
     bool AddToWallet(const CWalletTx& wtxIn);
     bool AddToWalletIfInvolvingMe(const CTransaction& tx, const CBlock* pblock, bool fUpdate = false);
@@ -67,10 +79,11 @@ public:
     std::string SendMoney(CScript scriptPubKey, int64 nValue, CWalletTx& wtxNew, bool fAskFee=false);
     std::string SendMoneyToBitcoinAddress(std::string strAddress, int64 nValue, CWalletTx& wtxNew, bool fAskFee=false);
 
+    bool TopUpKeyPool();
     void ReserveKeyFromKeyPool(int64& nIndex, CKeyPool& keypool);
     void KeepKey(int64 nIndex);
     void ReturnKey(int64 nIndex);
-    std::vector<unsigned char> GetKeyFromKeyPool();
+    std::vector<unsigned char> GetOrReuseKeyFromPool();
     int64 GetOldestKeyPoolTime();
 
     bool IsMine(const CTxIn& txin) const;
@@ -177,6 +190,11 @@ public:
         }
     }
 
+    int GetKeyPoolSize()
+    {
+        return setKeyPool.size();
+    }
+
     bool GetTransaction(const uint256 &hashTx, CWalletTx& wtx);
 
     bool SetDefaultKey(const std::vector<unsigned char> &vchPubKey);