Merge #18740: Remove g_rpc_node global

b3f7f375efb9a9ca9a7a4f2caf41fe3df2262520 refactor: Remove g_rpc_node global (Russell Yanofsky)
ccb5059ee89f6e8dc31ba5b82830b384890bb65e scripted-diff: Remove g_rpc_node references (Russell Yanofsky)
6fca33b2edc09ed62dab2323c780b31585de1750 refactor: Pass NodeContext to RPC and REST methods through util::Ref (Russell Yanofsky)
691c817b340d10e806dc3b1834d2a8fcc5e681fd Add util::Ref class as temporary alternative for c++17 std::any (Russell Yanofsky)

Pull request description:

  This PR removes the `g_rpc_node` global, to get same benefits we see removing other globals and make RPC code more testable, modular, and reusable.

  This uses a hybrid of the approaches suggested in #17548. Instead of using `std::any`, which isn't available in c++11, or `void*`, which isn't type safe, it uses a small new `util::Ref` helper class, which acts like a simplified `std::any` that only holds references, not values.

  Motivation for writing this was to provide an simpler alternative to #18647 by Harris Brakmić (brakmic) which avoids some shortcomings of that PR (https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/18647#issuecomment-617878826)

ACKs for top commit:
  MarcoFalke:
    re-ACK b3f7f375ef, only change is adding back const and more tests 🚾
  ajtowns:
    ACK b3f7f375efb9a9ca9a7a4f2caf41fe3df2262520

Tree-SHA512: 56292268a001bdbe34d641db1180c215351503966ff451e55cc96c9137f1d262225d7d7733de9c9da7ce7d7a4b34213a98c2476266b58c89dbbb0f3cb5aa5d70

1 files changed, 38 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/util/ref.h b/src/util/ref.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9685ea9fec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/util/ref.h
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2020 The Bitcoin Core developers
+// Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
+// file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
+
+#ifndef BITCOIN_UTIL_REF_H
+#define BITCOIN_UTIL_REF_H
+
+#include <util/check.h>
+
+#include <typeindex>
+
+namespace util {
+
+/**
+ * Type-safe dynamic reference.
+ *
+ * This implements a small subset of the functionality in C++17's std::any
+ * class, and can be dropped when the project updates to C++17
+ * (https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/issues/16684)
+ */
+class Ref
+{
+public:
+    Ref() = default;
+    template<typename T> Ref(T& value) { Set(value); }
+    template<typename T> T& Get() const { CHECK_NONFATAL(Has<T>()); return *static_cast<T*>(m_value); }
+    template<typename T> void Set(T& value) { m_value = &value; m_type = std::type_index(typeid(T)); }
+    template<typename T> bool Has() const { return m_value && m_type == std::type_index(typeid(T)); }
+    void Clear() { m_value = nullptr; m_type = std::type_index(typeid(void)); }
+
+private:
+    void* m_value = nullptr;
+    std::type_index m_type = std::type_index(typeid(void));
+};
+
+} // namespace util
+
+#endif // BITCOIN_UTIL_REF_H