Merge bitcoin/bitcoin#24069: refactor: replace RecursiveMutex `m_cs_callbacks_pending` with Mutex (and rename)

5574e6ed52d6effd3b7beff0f09b44449202a585 refactor: replace RecursiveMutex `m_callbacks_mutex` with Mutex (Sebastian Falbesoner)
3aa258109e3f3e0b1bfc4f811cbadfd6d516208c scripted-diff: rename `m_cs_callbacks_pending` -> `m_callbacks_mutex` (Sebastian Falbesoner)

Pull request description:

  This PR is related to #19303 and gets rid of the RecursiveMutex `m_cs_callbacks_pending`. All of the critical sections (6 in total) only directly access the guarded elements, i.e. it is not possible that within one section another one is called, and we can use a regular Mutex:

  https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/807169e10b4a18324356ed6ee4d69587b96a7c70/src/scheduler.cpp#L138-L145

  https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/807169e10b4a18324356ed6ee4d69587b96a7c70/src/scheduler.cpp#L152-L160

  https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/807169e10b4a18324356ed6ee4d69587b96a7c70/src/scheduler.cpp#L169-L172

  https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/807169e10b4a18324356ed6ee4d69587b96a7c70/src/scheduler.cpp#L184-L187

  https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/807169e10b4a18324356ed6ee4d69587b96a7c70/src/scheduler.cpp#L197-L199

  https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/807169e10b4a18324356ed6ee4d69587b96a7c70/src/scheduler.cpp#L203-L206

  Also, it is renamed to adapt to the (unwritten) naming convention to use the `_mutex` suffix rather than the `cs_` prefix.

ACKs for top commit:
  hebasto:
    ACK 5574e6ed52d6effd3b7beff0f09b44449202a585, I have reviewed the code and it looks OK, I agree it can be merged.
  w0xlt:
    crACK 5574e6e

Tree-SHA512: ba4b151d956582f4c7183a1d51702b269158fc5e2902c51e6a242aaeb1c72cfcdf398f9ffa42e3072f5aba21a8c493086a5fe7c450c271322da69bd54c37ed1f

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