Merge #21330: Deal with missing data in signature hashes more consistently

725d7ae0494d4a45f5a840bbbd19c008a7363965 Use PrecomputedTransactionData in signet check (Pieter Wuille)
497718b467330b2c6bb0d44786020c55f1aa75f9 Treat amount<0 also as missing data for P2WPKH/P2WSH (Pieter Wuille)
3820090bd619ac85ab35eff376c03136fe4a9f04 Make all SignatureChecker explicit about missing data (Pieter Wuille)
b77b0cc507bdc716e5236b1d9880e648147e0af9 Add MissingDataBehavior and make TransactionSignatureChecker handle it (Pieter Wuille)

Pull request description:

  Currently we have 2 levels of potentially-missing data in the transaction signature hashes:
  * P2WPKH/P2WSH hashes need the spent amount
  * P2TR hashes need all spent outputs (amount + scriptPubKey)

  Missing amounts are treated as -1 (thus leading to unexpected signature failures), while missing outputs in P2TR validation cause assertion failure. This is hard to extend for signing support, and also quite ugly in general.

  In this PR, an explicit configuration option to {Mutable,}TransactionSignatureChecker is added (MissingDataBehavior enum class) to either select ASSERT_FAIL or FAIL. Validation code passes ASSERT_FAIL (as at validation time all data should always be passed, and anything else is a serious bug in the code), while signing code uses FAIL.

  The existence of the ASSERT_FAIL option is really just an abundance of caution. Always using FAIL should be just fine, but if there were for some reason a code path in consensus code was introduced that misses certain data, I think we prefer as assertion failure over silently introducing a consensus change.

  Potentially useful follow-ups (not for this PR, in my preference):
  * Having an explicit script validation error code for missing data.
  * Having a MissingDataBehavior::SUCCEED option as well, for use in script/sign.cpp DataFromTransaction (if a signature is present in a witness, and we don't have enough data to fully validate it, we should probably treat it as valid and not touch it).

ACKs for top commit:
  sanket1729:
    reACK 725d7ae0494d4a45f5a840bbbd19c008a7363965
  Sjors:
    ACK 725d7ae0494d4a45f5a840bbbd19c008a7363965
  achow101:
    re-ACK 725d7ae0494d4a45f5a840bbbd19c008a7363965
  benthecarman:
    ACK 725d7ae0494d4a45f5a840bbbd19c008a7363965
  fjahr:
    Code review ACK 725d7ae0494d4a45f5a840bbbd19c008a7363965

Tree-SHA512: d67dc51bae9ca7ef6eb9acccefd682529f397830f77d74cd305500a081ef55aede0e9fa380648c3a8dd4857aa7eeb1ab54fe808979d79db0784ac94ceb31b657

1 files changed, 12 insertions, 2 deletions

diff --git a/src/script/interpreter.h b/src/script/interpreter.h
index effbc055d4..c76b3acb22 100644
--- a/src/script/interpreter.h
+++ b/src/script/interpreter.h
@@ -247,11 +247,21 @@ public:
     virtual ~BaseSignatureChecker() {}
 };
 
+/** Enum to specify what *TransactionSignatureChecker's behavior should be
+ *  when dealing with missing transaction data.
+ */
+enum class MissingDataBehavior
+{
+    ASSERT_FAIL,  //!< Abort execution through assertion failure (for consensus code)
+    FAIL,         //!< Just act as if the signature was invalid
+};
+
 template <class T>
 class GenericTransactionSignatureChecker : public BaseSignatureChecker
 {
 private:
     const T* txTo;
+    const MissingDataBehavior m_mdb;
     unsigned int nIn;
     const CAmount amount;
     const PrecomputedTransactionData* txdata;
@@ -261,8 +271,8 @@ protected:
     virtual bool VerifySchnorrSignature(Span<const unsigned char> sig, const XOnlyPubKey& pubkey, const uint256& sighash) const;
 
 public:
-    GenericTransactionSignatureChecker(const T* txToIn, unsigned int nInIn, const CAmount& amountIn) : txTo(txToIn), nIn(nInIn), amount(amountIn), txdata(nullptr) {}
-    GenericTransactionSignatureChecker(const T* txToIn, unsigned int nInIn, const CAmount& amountIn, const PrecomputedTransactionData& txdataIn) : txTo(txToIn), nIn(nInIn), amount(amountIn), txdata(&txdataIn) {}
+    GenericTransactionSignatureChecker(const T* txToIn, unsigned int nInIn, const CAmount& amountIn, MissingDataBehavior mdb) : txTo(txToIn), m_mdb(mdb), nIn(nInIn), amount(amountIn), txdata(nullptr) {}
+    GenericTransactionSignatureChecker(const T* txToIn, unsigned int nInIn, const CAmount& amountIn, const PrecomputedTransactionData& txdataIn, MissingDataBehavior mdb) : txTo(txToIn), m_mdb(mdb), nIn(nInIn), amount(amountIn), txdata(&txdataIn) {}
     bool CheckECDSASignature(const std::vector<unsigned char>& scriptSig, const std::vector<unsigned char>& vchPubKey, const CScript& scriptCode, SigVersion sigversion) const override;
     bool CheckSchnorrSignature(Span<const unsigned char> sig, Span<const unsigned char> pubkey, SigVersion sigversion, const ScriptExecutionData& execdata, ScriptError* serror = nullptr) const override;
     bool CheckLockTime(const CScriptNum& nLockTime) const override;