Merge #19107: p2p: Move all header verification into the network layer, extend logging

deb52711a17236d0fca302701b5af585341ab42a Remove header checks out of net_processing (Troy Giorshev)
52d4ae46ab822d0f54e246a6f2364415cda149bd Give V1TransportDeserializer CChainParams& member (Troy Giorshev)
5bceef6b12fa16d20287693be377dace3dfec3e5 Change CMessageHeader Constructor (Troy Giorshev)
1ca20c1af8f08f07c407c3183c37b467ddf0f413 Add doxygen comment for ReceiveMsgBytes (Troy Giorshev)
890b1d7c2b8312d41d048d2db124586c5dbc8a49 Move checksum check from net_processing to net (Troy Giorshev)
2716647ebf60cea05fc9edce6a18dcce4e7727ad Give V1TransportDeserializer an m_node_id member (Troy Giorshev)

Pull request description:

  Inspired by #15206 and #15197, this PR moves all message header verification from the message processing layer and into the network/transport layer.

  In the previous PRs there is a change in behavior, where we would disconnect from peers upon a single failed checksum check.  In various discussions there was concern over whether this was the right choice, and some expressed a desire to see how this would look if it was made to be a pure refactor.

  For more context, see https://bitcoincore.reviews/15206.html#l-81.

  This PR improves the separation between the p2p layers, helping improvements like [BIP324](https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/18242) and #18989.

ACKs for top commit:
  ryanofsky:
    Code review ACK deb52711a17236d0fca302701b5af585341ab42a just rebase due to conflict on adjacent line
  jnewbery:
    Code review ACK deb52711a17236d0fca302701b5af585341ab42a.

Tree-SHA512: 1a3b7ae883b020cfee1bef968813e04df651ffdad9dd961a826bd80654f2c98676ce7f4721038a1b78d8790e4cebe8060419e3d8affc97ce2b9b4e4b72e6fa9f

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