Merge bitcoin/bitcoin#23269: build: remove redundant warning flags

aa69fd6caf1b08bfc64889c91639046fb1114326 build: Drop -Wno-unused-local-typedef (Hennadii Stepanov)
672e8c5d073b5e2f1bc63095bbcd2854c6bbd2d4 build: remove -Wunused-variable (fanquake)
5239af0574243662c0f8304fc922641b1252604b build: remove -Wswitch (fanquake)
0375906e0a9d05b16b3b8e516d2ab74368e7e90a build: use loop-analysis over range-loop-analysis (fanquake)
12712fa2c4c12edf530cd630072796ff08daa4fe build: remove -Wsign-compare (fanquake)

Pull request description:

  This remove the addition of flags that are already part of other options, such as `-Wall` or `-Wextra`; see each commit message for details. All of the flags being removed here already exist as part of `-Wall` as of GCC 8, or, for Clang, all exist in `-Wmost` (included in `-Wall)`, or as part of `-Wextra` as of Clang 7. Both of which are our minimum required compilers.

  Also cherry-picks one change from #21458.

  To give an example of how GCCs `-Wall` has changed over the last few releases:
  ### 11.x to trunk (12.x)
  Added:
  ```bash
  -Wzero-length-bounds
  -Wmismatched-dealloc
  -Wmismatched-new-delete (only for C/C++)
  ```

  ### 10.x to 11.x
  Added:
  ```bash
  -Warray-parameter=2 (C and Objective-C only)
  -Wrange-loop-construct (only for C++)
  -Wsizeof-array-div
  -Wvla-parameter (C and Objective-C only)
  ```

  Removed:
  ```bash
  -Wenum-conversion in C/ObjC;
  ```

  ### 9.x to 10.x
  Added:
  ```bash
  -Wenum-conversion in C/ObjC;
  -Wformat-overflow
  -Wformat-truncation
  -Wzero-length-bounds
  ```

  ### 8.x to 9.x
  Added:
  ```bash
  -Wpessimizing-move
  ```

  Removed:
  ```bash
  -Wstringop-truncation
  ```

  ### 7.x to 8.x
  Added:
  ```bash
  -Wcatch-value (C++ and Objective-C++ only)
  -Wmissing-attributes
  -Wmultistatement-macros
  -Wrestrict
  -Wsizeof-pointer-div
  -Wstringop-truncation
  ```

  [Clang Warning Options](https://clang.llvm.org/docs/DiagnosticsReference.html)
  [GCC Warning Options](https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Warning-Options.html)

ACKs for top commit:
  meshcollider:
    utACK aa69fd6caf1b08bfc64889c91639046fb1114326

Tree-SHA512: 34dde6bd773c864202c151eaa35f902d03fb531c27fe5e1ef659225da03acade2efe5df56df3efb4df5bbded3d395348ce03c25b837fce83be53af3352f0f2bc

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