Merge #17767: ci: Fix qemu issues

fa569e1a9c5ad1bf8bdf866235b21aff56112224 ci: Set LC_ALL=C when running in qemu-s390x (MarcoFalke)
fa3d77623ecb25dde6b5f4be11626ed16966eb29 ci: Use debian to avoid apt install 404 errors (MarcoFalke)
fabb946090be2f604da3d7d4b1bbe93b79baf23e ci: Install needed gcc and qemu-user iff cross-compiling (MarcoFalke)
faba4672b64fb5ba89e5cb6299479887494b571a ci: Fix QEMU_USER_CMD parse issues (MarcoFalke)
fa5d709fb266c97d4db15006bf855e887a6c123b ci: Move wrap-qemu into separate script (MarcoFalke)

Pull request description:

  Now that the ci system no longer propagates files from the docker container back to the host, the wrap-qemu script is broken.

  To fix it, every statement in the script needs to be executed in the docker (with `DOCKER_EXEC`). Instead of juggling with triple escape sequences like `\\\"`, just move the script to a separate file and call it with `DOCKER_EXEC`.

  Also, fix a bunch of other bugs that prevent running the ci system in qemu

  See the `ci/README.md` on how to test. TLDR: Can be tested with (replace `arm` with `s390x` to run the s390x build):

  ```
  FILE_ENV="./ci/test/00_setup_env_arm.sh" MAKEJOBS="-j9" ./ci/test_run_all.sh
  ```

ACKs for top commit:
  laanwj:
    Code review ACK fa569e1a9c5ad1bf8bdf866235b21aff56112224

Tree-SHA512: 84ebc44a4f0261ee6c29605a6896a1833ff6c81d729e6d08dd111941f570ce73221422bd3303e1108a266ec5eab2148bd5ee1cf6bc01477d8cc9a6c5bf2b34c2

0 files changed, 0 insertions, 0 deletions