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@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@ +[](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/actions?query=workflow%3ACI) + + youtube-dl - download videos from youtube.com or other video platforms - [INSTALLATION](#installation) @@ -15,7 +18,7 @@ youtube-dl - download videos from youtube.com or other video platforms # INSTALLATION -To install it right away for all UNIX users (Linux, OS X, etc.), type: +To install it right away for all UNIX users (Linux, macOS, etc.), type: sudo curl -L https://yt-dl.org/downloads/latest/youtube-dl -o /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl sudo chmod a+rx /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl @@ -25,15 +28,15 @@ If you do not have curl, you can alternatively use a recent wget: sudo wget https://yt-dl.org/downloads/latest/youtube-dl -O /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl sudo chmod a+rx /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl -Windows users can [download an .exe file](https://yt-dl.org/latest/youtube-dl.exe) and place it in any location on their [PATH](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PATH_%28variable%29) except for `%SYSTEMROOT%\System32` (e.g. **do not** put in `C:\Windows\System32`). +Windows users can [download an .exe file](https://yt-dl.org/latest/youtube-dl.exe) and place it in any location on their [PATH](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PATH_%28variable%29) except for `%SYSTEMROOT%\System32` (e.g. **do not** put in `C:\Windows\System32`). You can also use pip: sudo -H pip install --upgrade youtube-dl - + This command will update youtube-dl if you have already installed it. See the [pypi page](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/youtube_dl) for more information. -OS X users can install youtube-dl with [Homebrew](http://brew.sh/): +macOS users can install youtube-dl with [Homebrew](https://brew.sh/): brew install youtube-dl @@ -41,392 +44,443 @@ Or with [MacPorts](https://www.macports.org/): sudo port install youtube-dl -Alternatively, refer to the [developer instructions](#developer-instructions) for how to check out and work with the git repository. For further options, including PGP signatures, see the [youtube-dl Download Page](https://rg3.github.io/youtube-dl/download.html). +Alternatively, refer to the [developer instructions](#developer-instructions) for how to check out and work with the git repository. For further options, including PGP signatures, see the [youtube-dl Download Page](https://ytdl-org.github.io/youtube-dl/download.html). # DESCRIPTION -**youtube-dl** is a command-line program to download videos from YouTube.com and a few more sites. It requires the Python interpreter, version 2.6, 2.7, or 3.2+, and it is not platform specific. It should work on your Unix box, on Windows or on Mac OS X. It is released to the public domain, which means you can modify it, redistribute it or use it however you like. +**youtube-dl** is a command-line program to download videos from YouTube.com and a few more sites. It requires the Python interpreter, version 2.6, 2.7, or 3.2+, and it is not platform specific. It should work on your Unix box, on Windows or on macOS. It is released to the public domain, which means you can modify it, redistribute it or use it however you like. youtube-dl [OPTIONS] URL [URL...] # OPTIONS - -h, --help Print this help text and exit - --version Print program version and exit - -U, --update Update this program to latest version. Make - sure that you have sufficient permissions - (run with sudo if needed) - -i, --ignore-errors Continue on download errors, for example to - skip unavailable videos in a playlist - --abort-on-error Abort downloading of further videos (in the - playlist or the command line) if an error - occurs - --dump-user-agent Display the current browser identification - --list-extractors List all supported extractors - --extractor-descriptions Output descriptions of all supported - extractors - --force-generic-extractor Force extraction to use the generic - extractor - --default-search PREFIX Use this prefix for unqualified URLs. For - example "gvsearch2:" downloads two videos - from google videos for youtube-dl "large - apple". Use the value "auto" to let - youtube-dl guess ("auto_warning" to emit a - warning when guessing). "error" just throws - an error. The default value "fixup_error" - repairs broken URLs, but emits an error if - this is not possible instead of searching. - --ignore-config Do not read configuration files. When given - in the global configuration file - /etc/youtube-dl.conf: Do not read the user - configuration in ~/.config/youtube- - dl/config (%APPDATA%/youtube-dl/config.txt - on Windows) - --config-location PATH Location of the configuration file; either - the path to the config or its containing - directory. - --flat-playlist Do not extract the videos of a playlist, - only list them. - --mark-watched Mark videos watched (YouTube only) - --no-mark-watched Do not mark videos watched (YouTube only) - --no-color Do not emit color codes in output + -h, --help Print this help text and exit + --version Print program version and exit + -U, --update Update this program to latest version. + Make sure that you have sufficient + permissions (run with sudo if needed) + -i, --ignore-errors Continue on download errors, for + example to skip unavailable videos in a + playlist + --abort-on-error Abort downloading of further videos (in + the playlist or the command line) if an + error occurs + --dump-user-agent Display the current browser + identification + --list-extractors List all supported extractors + --extractor-descriptions Output descriptions of all supported + extractors + --force-generic-extractor Force extraction to use the generic + extractor + --default-search PREFIX Use this prefix for unqualified URLs. + For example "gvsearch2:" downloads two + videos from google videos for youtube- + dl "large apple". Use the value "auto" + to let youtube-dl guess ("auto_warning" + to emit a warning when guessing). + "error" just throws an error. The + default value "fixup_error" repairs + broken URLs, but emits an error if this + is not possible instead of searching. + --ignore-config Do not read configuration files. When + given in the global configuration file + /etc/youtube-dl.conf: Do not read the + user configuration in + ~/.config/youtube-dl/config + (%APPDATA%/youtube-dl/config.txt on + Windows) + --config-location PATH Location of the configuration file; + either the path to the config or its + containing directory. + --flat-playlist Do not extract the videos of a + playlist, only list them. + --mark-watched Mark videos watched (YouTube only) + --no-mark-watched Do not mark videos watched (YouTube + only) + --no-color Do not emit color codes in output ## Network Options: - --proxy URL Use the specified HTTP/HTTPS/SOCKS proxy. - To enable experimental SOCKS proxy, specify - a proper scheme. For example - socks5://127.0.0.1:1080/. Pass in an empty - string (--proxy "") for direct connection - --socket-timeout SECONDS Time to wait before giving up, in seconds - --source-address IP Client-side IP address to bind to - -4, --force-ipv4 Make all connections via IPv4 - -6, --force-ipv6 Make all connections via IPv6 + --proxy URL Use the specified HTTP/HTTPS/SOCKS + proxy. To enable SOCKS proxy, specify a + proper scheme. For example + socks5://127.0.0.1:1080/. Pass in an + empty string (--proxy "") for direct + connection + --socket-timeout SECONDS Time to wait before giving up, in + seconds + --source-address IP Client-side IP address to bind to + -4, --force-ipv4 Make all connections via IPv4 + -6, --force-ipv6 Make all connections via IPv6 ## Geo Restriction: - --geo-verification-proxy URL Use this proxy to verify the IP address for - some geo-restricted sites. The default - proxy specified by --proxy (or none, if the - options is not present) is used for the - actual downloading. - --geo-bypass Bypass geographic restriction via faking - X-Forwarded-For HTTP header (experimental) - --no-geo-bypass Do not bypass geographic restriction via - faking X-Forwarded-For HTTP header - (experimental) - --geo-bypass-country CODE Force bypass geographic restriction with - explicitly provided two-letter ISO 3166-2 - country code (experimental) + --geo-verification-proxy URL Use this proxy to verify the IP address + for some geo-restricted sites. The + default proxy specified by --proxy (or + none, if the option is not present) is + used for the actual downloading. + --geo-bypass Bypass geographic restriction via + faking X-Forwarded-For HTTP header + --no-geo-bypass Do not bypass geographic restriction + via faking X-Forwarded-For HTTP header + --geo-bypass-country CODE Force bypass geographic restriction + with explicitly provided two-letter ISO + 3166-2 country code + --geo-bypass-ip-block IP_BLOCK Force bypass geographic restriction + with explicitly provided IP block in + CIDR notation ## Video Selection: - --playlist-start NUMBER Playlist video to start at (default is 1) - --playlist-end NUMBER Playlist video to end at (default is last) - --playlist-items ITEM_SPEC Playlist video items to download. Specify - indices of the videos in the playlist - separated by commas like: "--playlist-items - 1,2,5,8" if you want to download videos - indexed 1, 2, 5, 8 in the playlist. You can - specify range: "--playlist-items - 1-3,7,10-13", it will download the videos - at index 1, 2, 3, 7, 10, 11, 12 and 13. - --match-title REGEX Download only matching titles (regex or - caseless sub-string) - --reject-title REGEX Skip download for matching titles (regex or - caseless sub-string) - --max-downloads NUMBER Abort after downloading NUMBER files - --min-filesize SIZE Do not download any videos smaller than - SIZE (e.g. 50k or 44.6m) - --max-filesize SIZE Do not download any videos larger than SIZE - (e.g. 50k or 44.6m) - --date DATE Download only videos uploaded in this date - --datebefore DATE Download only videos uploaded on or before - this date (i.e. inclusive) - --dateafter DATE Download only videos uploaded on or after - this date (i.e. inclusive) - --min-views COUNT Do not download any videos with less than - COUNT views - --max-views COUNT Do not download any videos with more than - COUNT views - --match-filter FILTER Generic video filter. Specify any key (see - help for -o for a list of available keys) - to match if the key is present, !key to - check if the key is not present, key > - NUMBER (like "comment_count > 12", also - works with >=, <, <=, !=, =) to compare - against a number, key = 'LITERAL' (like - "uploader = 'Mike Smith'", also works with - !=) to match against a string literal and & - to require multiple matches. Values which - are not known are excluded unless you put a - question mark (?) after the operator. For - example, to only match videos that have - been liked more than 100 times and disliked - less than 50 times (or the dislike - functionality is not available at the given - service), but who also have a description, - use --match-filter "like_count > 100 & - dislike_count <? 50 & description" . - --no-playlist Download only the video, if the URL refers - to a video and a playlist. - --yes-playlist Download the playlist, if the URL refers to - a video and a playlist. - --age-limit YEARS Download only videos suitable for the given - age - --download-archive FILE Download only videos not listed in the - archive file. Record the IDs of all - downloaded videos in it. - --include-ads Download advertisements as well - (experimental) + --playlist-start NUMBER Playlist video to start at (default is + 1) + --playlist-end NUMBER Playlist video to end at (default is + last) + --playlist-items ITEM_SPEC Playlist video items to download. + Specify indices of the videos in the + playlist separated by commas like: "-- + playlist-items 1,2,5,8" if you want to + download videos indexed 1, 2, 5, 8 in + the playlist. You can specify range: " + --playlist-items 1-3,7,10-13", it will + download the videos at index 1, 2, 3, + 7, 10, 11, 12 and 13. + --match-title REGEX Download only matching titles (regex or + caseless sub-string) + --reject-title REGEX Skip download for matching titles + (regex or caseless sub-string) + --max-downloads NUMBER Abort after downloading NUMBER files + --min-filesize SIZE Do not download any videos smaller than + SIZE (e.g. 50k or 44.6m) + --max-filesize SIZE Do not download any videos larger than + SIZE (e.g. 50k or 44.6m) + --date DATE Download only videos uploaded in this + date + --datebefore DATE Download only videos uploaded on or + before this date (i.e. inclusive) + --dateafter DATE Download only videos uploaded on or + after this date (i.e. inclusive) + --min-views COUNT Do not download any videos with less + than COUNT views + --max-views COUNT Do not download any videos with more + than COUNT views + --match-filter FILTER Generic video filter. Specify any key + (see the "OUTPUT TEMPLATE" for a list + of available keys) to match if the key + is present, !key to check if the key is + not present, key > NUMBER (like + "comment_count > 12", also works with + >=, <, <=, !=, =) to compare against a + number, key = 'LITERAL' (like "uploader + = 'Mike Smith'", also works with !=) to + match against a string literal and & to + require multiple matches. Values which + are not known are excluded unless you + put a question mark (?) after the + operator. For example, to only match + videos that have been liked more than + 100 times and disliked less than 50 + times (or the dislike functionality is + not available at the given service), + but who also have a description, use + --match-filter "like_count > 100 & + dislike_count <? 50 & description" . + --no-playlist Download only the video, if the URL + refers to a video and a playlist. + --yes-playlist Download the playlist, if the URL + refers to a video and a playlist. + --age-limit YEARS Download only videos suitable for the + given age + --download-archive FILE Download only videos not listed in the + archive file. Record the IDs of all + downloaded videos in it. + --include-ads Download advertisements as well + (experimental) ## Download Options: - -r, --limit-rate RATE Maximum download rate in bytes per second - (e.g. 50K or 4.2M) - -R, --retries RETRIES Number of retries (default is 10), or - "infinite". - --fragment-retries RETRIES Number of retries for a fragment (default - is 10), or "infinite" (DASH, hlsnative and - ISM) - --skip-unavailable-fragments Skip unavailable fragments (DASH, hlsnative - and ISM) - --abort-on-unavailable-fragment Abort downloading when some fragment is not - available - --buffer-size SIZE Size of download buffer (e.g. 1024 or 16K) - (default is 1024) - --no-resize-buffer Do not automatically adjust the buffer - size. By default, the buffer size is - automatically resized from an initial value - of SIZE. - --playlist-reverse Download playlist videos in reverse order - --playlist-random Download playlist videos in random order - --xattr-set-filesize Set file xattribute ytdl.filesize with - expected file size (experimental) - --hls-prefer-native Use the native HLS downloader instead of - ffmpeg - --hls-prefer-ffmpeg Use ffmpeg instead of the native HLS - downloader - --hls-use-mpegts Use the mpegts container for HLS videos, - allowing to play the video while - downloading (some players may not be able - to play it) - --external-downloader COMMAND Use the specified external downloader. - Currently supports - aria2c,avconv,axel,curl,ffmpeg,httpie,wget - --external-downloader-args ARGS Give these arguments to the external - downloader + -r, --limit-rate RATE Maximum download rate in bytes per + second (e.g. 50K or 4.2M) + -R, --retries RETRIES Number of retries (default is 10), or + "infinite". + --fragment-retries RETRIES Number of retries for a fragment + (default is 10), or "infinite" (DASH, + hlsnative and ISM) + --skip-unavailable-fragments Skip unavailable fragments (DASH, + hlsnative and ISM) + --abort-on-unavailable-fragment Abort downloading when some fragment is + not available + --keep-fragments Keep downloaded fragments on disk after + downloading is finished; fragments are + erased by default + --buffer-size SIZE Size of download buffer (e.g. 1024 or + 16K) (default is 1024) + --no-resize-buffer Do not automatically adjust the buffer + size. By default, the buffer size is + automatically resized from an initial + value of SIZE. + --http-chunk-size SIZE Size of a chunk for chunk-based HTTP + downloading (e.g. 10485760 or 10M) + (default is disabled). May be useful + for bypassing bandwidth throttling + imposed by a webserver (experimental) + --playlist-reverse Download playlist videos in reverse + order + --playlist-random Download playlist videos in random + order + --xattr-set-filesize Set file xattribute ytdl.filesize with + expected file size + --hls-prefer-native Use the native HLS downloader instead + of ffmpeg + --hls-prefer-ffmpeg Use ffmpeg instead of the native HLS + downloader + --hls-use-mpegts Use the mpegts container for HLS + videos, allowing to play the video + while downloading (some players may not + be able to play it) + --external-downloader COMMAND Use the specified external downloader. + Currently supports aria2c,avconv,axel,c + url,ffmpeg,httpie,wget + --external-downloader-args ARGS Give these arguments to the external + downloader ## Filesystem Options: - -a, --batch-file FILE File containing URLs to download ('-' for - stdin) - --id Use only video ID in file name - -o, --output TEMPLATE Output filename template, see the "OUTPUT - TEMPLATE" for all the info - --autonumber-start NUMBER Specify the start value for %(autonumber)s - (default is 1) - --restrict-filenames Restrict filenames to only ASCII - characters, and avoid "&" and spaces in - filenames - -w, --no-overwrites Do not overwrite files - -c, --continue Force resume of partially downloaded files. - By default, youtube-dl will resume - downloads if possible. - --no-continue Do not resume partially downloaded files - (restart from beginning) - --no-part Do not use .part files - write directly - into output file - --no-mtime Do not use the Last-modified header to set - the file modification time - --write-description Write video description to a .description - file - --write-info-json Write video metadata to a .info.json file - --write-annotations Write video annotations to a - .annotations.xml file - --load-info-json FILE JSON file containing the video information - (created with the "--write-info-json" - option) - --cookies FILE File to read cookies from and dump cookie - jar in - --cache-dir DIR Location in the filesystem where youtube-dl - can store some downloaded information - permanently. By default - $XDG_CACHE_HOME/youtube-dl or - ~/.cache/youtube-dl . At the moment, only - YouTube player files (for videos with - obfuscated signatures) are cached, but that - may change. - --no-cache-dir Disable filesystem caching - --rm-cache-dir Delete all filesystem cache files - -## Thumbnail images: - --write-thumbnail Write thumbnail image to disk - --write-all-thumbnails Write all thumbnail image formats to disk - --list-thumbnails Simulate and list all available thumbnail - formats + -a, --batch-file FILE File containing URLs to download ('-' + for stdin), one URL per line. Lines + starting with '#', ';' or ']' are + considered as comments and ignored. + --id Use only video ID in file name + -o, --output TEMPLATE Output filename template, see the + "OUTPUT TEMPLATE" for all the info + --output-na-placeholder PLACEHOLDER Placeholder value for unavailable meta + fields in output filename template + (default is "NA") + --autonumber-start NUMBER Specify the start value for + %(autonumber)s (default is 1) + --restrict-filenames Restrict filenames to only ASCII + characters, and avoid "&" and spaces in + filenames + -w, --no-overwrites Do not overwrite files + -c, --continue Force resume of partially downloaded + files. By default, youtube-dl will + resume downloads if possible. + --no-continue Do not resume partially downloaded + files (restart from beginning) + --no-part Do not use .part files - write directly + into output file + --no-mtime Do not use the Last-modified header to + set the file modification time + --write-description Write video description to a + .description file + --write-info-json Write video metadata to a .info.json + file + --write-annotations Write video annotations to a + .annotations.xml file + --load-info-json FILE JSON file containing the video + information (created with the "--write- + info-json" option) + --cookies FILE File to read cookies from and dump + cookie jar in + --cache-dir DIR Location in the filesystem where + youtube-dl can store some downloaded + information permanently. By default + $XDG_CACHE_HOME/youtube-dl or + ~/.cache/youtube-dl . At the moment, + only YouTube player files (for videos + with obfuscated signatures) are cached, + but that may change. + --no-cache-dir Disable filesystem caching + --rm-cache-dir Delete all filesystem cache files + +## Thumbnail Options: + --write-thumbnail Write thumbnail image to disk + --write-all-thumbnails Write all thumbnail image formats to + disk + --list-thumbnails Simulate and list all available + thumbnail formats ## Verbosity / Simulation Options: - -q, --quiet Activate quiet mode - --no-warnings Ignore warnings - -s, --simulate Do not download the video and do not write - anything to disk - --skip-download Do not download the video - -g, --get-url Simulate, quiet but print URL - -e, --get-title Simulate, quiet but print title - --get-id Simulate, quiet but print id - --get-thumbnail Simulate, quiet but print thumbnail URL - --get-description Simulate, quiet but print video description - --get-duration Simulate, quiet but print video length - --get-filename Simulate, quiet but print output filename - --get-format Simulate, quiet but print output format - -j, --dump-json Simulate, quiet but print JSON information. - See --output for a description of available - keys. - -J, --dump-single-json Simulate, quiet but print JSON information - for each command-line argument. If the URL - refers to a playlist, dump the whole - playlist information in a single line. - --print-json Be quiet and print the video information as - JSON (video is still being downloaded). - --newline Output progress bar as new lines - --no-progress Do not print progress bar - --console-title Display progress in console titlebar - -v, --verbose Print various debugging information - --dump-pages Print downloaded pages encoded using base64 - to debug problems (very verbose) - --write-pages Write downloaded intermediary pages to - files in the current directory to debug - problems - --print-traffic Display sent and read HTTP traffic - -C, --call-home Contact the youtube-dl server for debugging - --no-call-home Do NOT contact the youtube-dl server for - debugging + -q, --quiet Activate quiet mode + --no-warnings Ignore warnings + -s, --simulate Do not download the video and do not + write anything to disk + --skip-download Do not download the video + -g, --get-url Simulate, quiet but print URL + -e, --get-title Simulate, quiet but print title + --get-id Simulate, quiet but print id + --get-thumbnail Simulate, quiet but print thumbnail URL + --get-description Simulate, quiet but print video + description + --get-duration Simulate, quiet but print video length + --get-filename Simulate, quiet but print output + filename + --get-format Simulate, quiet but print output format + -j, --dump-json Simulate, quiet but print JSON + information. See the "OUTPUT TEMPLATE" + for a description of available keys. + -J, --dump-single-json Simulate, quiet but print JSON + information for each command-line + argument. If the URL refers to a + playlist, dump the whole playlist + information in a single line. + --print-json Be quiet and print the video + information as JSON (video is still + being downloaded). + --newline Output progress bar as new lines + --no-progress Do not print progress bar + --console-title Display progress in console titlebar + -v, --verbose Print various debugging information + --dump-pages Print downloaded pages encoded using + base64 to debug problems (very verbose) + --write-pages Write downloaded intermediary pages to + files in the current directory to debug + problems + --print-traffic Display sent and read HTTP traffic + -C, --call-home Contact the youtube-dl server for + debugging + --no-call-home Do NOT contact the youtube-dl server + for debugging ## Workarounds: - --encoding ENCODING Force the specified encoding (experimental) - --no-check-certificate Suppress HTTPS certificate validation - --prefer-insecure Use an unencrypted connection to retrieve - information about the video. (Currently - supported only for YouTube) - --user-agent UA Specify a custom user agent - --referer URL Specify a custom referer, use if the video - access is restricted to one domain - --add-header FIELD:VALUE Specify a custom HTTP header and its value, - separated by a colon ':'. You can use this - option multiple times - --bidi-workaround Work around terminals that lack - bidirectional text support. Requires bidiv - or fribidi executable in PATH - --sleep-interval SECONDS Number of seconds to sleep before each - download when used alone or a lower bound - of a range for randomized sleep before each - download (minimum possible number of - seconds to sleep) when used along with - --max-sleep-interval. - --max-sleep-interval SECONDS Upper bound of a range for randomized sleep - before each download (maximum possible - number of seconds to sleep). Must only be - used along with --min-sleep-interval. + --encoding ENCODING Force the specified encoding + (experimental) + --no-check-certificate Suppress HTTPS certificate validation + --prefer-insecure Use an unencrypted connection to + retrieve information about the video. + (Currently supported only for YouTube) + --user-agent UA Specify a custom user agent + --referer URL Specify a custom referer, use if the + video access is restricted to one + domain + --add-header FIELD:VALUE Specify a custom HTTP header and its + value, separated by a colon ':'. You + can use this option multiple times + --bidi-workaround Work around terminals that lack + bidirectional text support. Requires + bidiv or fribidi executable in PATH + --sleep-interval SECONDS Number of seconds to sleep before each + download when used alone or a lower + bound of a range for randomized sleep + before each download (minimum possible + number of seconds to sleep) when used + along with --max-sleep-interval. + --max-sleep-interval SECONDS Upper bound of a range for randomized + sleep before each download (maximum + possible number of seconds to sleep). + Must only be used along with --min- + sleep-interval. ## Video Format Options: - -f, --format FORMAT Video format code, see the "FORMAT - SELECTION" for all the info - --all-formats Download all available video formats - --prefer-free-formats Prefer free video formats unless a specific - one is requested - -F, --list-formats List all available formats of requested - videos - --youtube-skip-dash-manifest Do not download the DASH manifests and - related data on YouTube videos - --merge-output-format FORMAT If a merge is required (e.g. - bestvideo+bestaudio), output to given - container format. One of mkv, mp4, ogg, - webm, flv. Ignored if no merge is required + -f, --format FORMAT Video format code, see the "FORMAT + SELECTION" for all the info + --all-formats Download all available video formats + --prefer-free-formats Prefer free video formats unless a + specific one is requested + -F, --list-formats List all available formats of requested + videos + --youtube-skip-dash-manifest Do not download the DASH manifests and + related data on YouTube videos + --merge-output-format FORMAT If a merge is required (e.g. + bestvideo+bestaudio), output to given + container format. One of mkv, mp4, ogg, + webm, flv. Ignored if no merge is + required ## Subtitle Options: - --write-sub Write subtitle file - --write-auto-sub Write automatically generated subtitle file - (YouTube only) - --all-subs Download all the available subtitles of the - video - --list-subs List all available subtitles for the video - --sub-format FORMAT Subtitle format, accepts formats - preference, for example: "srt" or - "ass/srt/best" - --sub-lang LANGS Languages of the subtitles to download - (optional) separated by commas, use --list- - subs for available language tags + --write-sub Write subtitle file + --write-auto-sub Write automatically generated subtitle + file (YouTube only) + --all-subs Download all the available subtitles of + the video + --list-subs List all available subtitles for the + video + --sub-format FORMAT Subtitle format, accepts formats + preference, for example: "srt" or + "ass/srt/best" + --sub-lang LANGS Languages of the subtitles to download + (optional) separated by commas, use + --list-subs for available language tags ## Authentication Options: - -u, --username USERNAME Login with this account ID - -p, --password PASSWORD Account password. If this option is left - out, youtube-dl will ask interactively. - -2, --twofactor TWOFACTOR Two-factor authentication code - -n, --netrc Use .netrc authentication data - --video-password PASSWORD Video password (vimeo, smotri, youku) + -u, --username USERNAME Login with this account ID + -p, --password PASSWORD Account password. If this option is + left out, youtube-dl will ask + interactively. + -2, --twofactor TWOFACTOR Two-factor authentication code + -n, --netrc Use .netrc authentication data + --video-password PASSWORD Video password (vimeo, youku) ## Adobe Pass Options: - --ap-mso MSO Adobe Pass multiple-system operator (TV - provider) identifier, use --ap-list-mso for - a list of available MSOs - --ap-username USERNAME Multiple-system operator account login - --ap-password PASSWORD Multiple-system operator account password. - If this option is left out, youtube-dl will - ask interactively. - --ap-list-mso List all supported multiple-system - operators + --ap-mso MSO Adobe Pass multiple-system operator (TV + provider) identifier, use --ap-list-mso + for a list of available MSOs + --ap-username USERNAME Multiple-system operator account login + --ap-password PASSWORD Multiple-system operator account + password. If this option is left out, + youtube-dl will ask interactively. + --ap-list-mso List all supported multiple-system + operators ## Post-processing Options: - -x, --extract-audio Convert video files to audio-only files - (requires ffmpeg or avconv and ffprobe or - avprobe) - --audio-format FORMAT Specify audio format: "best", "aac", - "flac", "mp3", "m4a", "opus", "vorbis", or - "wav"; "best" by default; No effect without - -x - --audio-quality QUALITY Specify ffmpeg/avconv audio quality, insert - a value between 0 (better) and 9 (worse) - for VBR or a specific bitrate like 128K - (default 5) - --recode-video FORMAT Encode the video to another format if - necessary (currently supported: - mp4|flv|ogg|webm|mkv|avi) - --postprocessor-args ARGS Give these arguments to the postprocessor - -k, --keep-video Keep the video file on disk after the post- - processing; the video is erased by default - --no-post-overwrites Do not overwrite post-processed files; the - post-processed files are overwritten by - default - --embed-subs Embed subtitles in the video (only for mp4, - webm and mkv videos) - --embed-thumbnail Embed thumbnail in the audio as cover art - --add-metadata Write metadata to the video file - --metadata-from-title FORMAT Parse additional metadata like song title / - artist from the video title. The format - syntax is the same as --output, the parsed - parameters replace existing values. - Additional templates: %(album)s, - %(artist)s. Example: --metadata-from-title - "%(artist)s - %(title)s" matches a title - like "Coldplay - Paradise" - --xattrs Write metadata to the video file's xattrs - (using dublin core and xdg standards) - --fixup POLICY Automatically correct known faults of the - file. One of never (do nothing), warn (only - emit a warning), detect_or_warn (the - default; fix file if we can, warn - otherwise) - --prefer-avconv Prefer avconv over ffmpeg for running the - postprocessors (default) - --prefer-ffmpeg Prefer ffmpeg over avconv for running the - postprocessors - --ffmpeg-location PATH Location of the ffmpeg/avconv binary; - either the path to the binary or its - containing directory. - --exec CMD Execute a command on the file after - downloading, similar to find's -exec - syntax. Example: --exec 'adb push {} - /sdcard/Music/ && rm {}' - --convert-subs FORMAT Convert the subtitles to other format - (currently supported: srt|ass|vtt) + -x, --extract-audio Convert video files to audio-only files + (requires ffmpeg/avconv and + ffprobe/avprobe) + --audio-format FORMAT Specify audio format: "best", "aac", + "flac", "mp3", "m4a", "opus", "vorbis", + or "wav"; "best" by default; No effect + without -x + --audio-quality QUALITY Specify ffmpeg/avconv audio quality, + insert a value between 0 (better) and 9 + (worse) for VBR or a specific bitrate + like 128K (default 5) + --recode-video FORMAT Encode the video to another format if + necessary (currently supported: + mp4|flv|ogg|webm|mkv|avi) + --postprocessor-args ARGS Give these arguments to the + postprocessor + -k, --keep-video Keep the video file on disk after the + post-processing; the video is erased by + default + --no-post-overwrites Do not overwrite post-processed files; + the post-processed files are + overwritten by default + --embed-subs Embed subtitles in the video (only for + mp4, webm and mkv videos) + --embed-thumbnail Embed thumbnail in the audio as cover + art + --add-metadata Write metadata to the video file + --metadata-from-title FORMAT Parse additional metadata like song + title / artist from the video title. + The format syntax is the same as + --output. Regular expression with named + capture groups may also be used. The + parsed parameters replace existing + values. Example: --metadata-from-title + "%(artist)s - %(title)s" matches a + title like "Coldplay - Paradise". + Example (regex): --metadata-from-title + "(?P<artist>.+?) - (?P<title>.+)" + --xattrs Write metadata to the video file's + xattrs (using dublin core and xdg + standards) + --fixup POLICY Automatically correct known faults of + the file. One of never (do nothing), + warn (only emit a warning), + detect_or_warn (the default; fix file + if we can, warn otherwise) + --prefer-avconv Prefer avconv over ffmpeg for running + the postprocessors + --prefer-ffmpeg Prefer ffmpeg over avconv for running + the postprocessors (default) + --ffmpeg-location PATH Location of the ffmpeg/avconv binary; + either the path to the binary or its + containing directory. + --exec CMD Execute a command on the file after + downloading and post-processing, + similar to find's -exec syntax. + Example: --exec 'adb push {} + /sdcard/Music/ && rm {}' + --convert-subs FORMAT Convert the subtitles to other format + (currently supported: srt|ass|vtt|lrc) # CONFIGURATION -You can configure youtube-dl by placing any supported command line option to a configuration file. On Linux and OS X, the system wide configuration file is located at `/etc/youtube-dl.conf` and the user wide configuration file at `~/.config/youtube-dl/config`. On Windows, the user wide configuration file locations are `%APPDATA%\youtube-dl\config.txt` or `C:\Users\<user name>\youtube-dl.conf`. Note that by default configuration file may not exist so you may need to create it yourself. +You can configure youtube-dl by placing any supported command line option to a configuration file. On Linux and macOS, the system wide configuration file is located at `/etc/youtube-dl.conf` and the user wide configuration file at `~/.config/youtube-dl/config`. On Windows, the user wide configuration file locations are `%APPDATA%\youtube-dl\config.txt` or `C:\Users\<user name>\youtube-dl.conf`. Note that by default configuration file may not exist so you may need to create it yourself. For example, with the following configuration file youtube-dl will always extract the audio, not copy the mtime, use a proxy and save all videos under `Movies` directory in your home directory: ``` @@ -453,7 +507,7 @@ You can also use `--config-location` if you want to use custom configuration fil ### Authentication with `.netrc` file -You may also want to configure automatic credentials storage for extractors that support authentication (by providing login and password with `--username` and `--password`) in order not to pass credentials as command line arguments on every youtube-dl execution and prevent tracking plain text passwords in the shell command history. You can achieve this using a [`.netrc` file](http://stackoverflow.com/tags/.netrc/info) on a per extractor basis. For that you will need to create a `.netrc` file in your `$HOME` and restrict permissions to read/write by only you: +You may also want to configure automatic credentials storage for extractors that support authentication (by providing login and password with `--username` and `--password`) in order not to pass credentials as command line arguments on every youtube-dl execution and prevent tracking plain text passwords in the shell command history. You can achieve this using a [`.netrc` file](https://stackoverflow.com/tags/.netrc/info) on a per extractor basis. For that you will need to create a `.netrc` file in your `$HOME` and restrict permissions to read/write by only you: ``` touch $HOME/.netrc chmod a-rwx,u+rw $HOME/.netrc @@ -469,7 +523,10 @@ machine twitch login my_twitch_account_name password my_twitch_password ``` To activate authentication with the `.netrc` file you should pass `--netrc` to youtube-dl or place it in the [configuration file](#configuration). -On Windows you may also need to setup the `%HOME%` environment variable manually. +On Windows you may also need to setup the `%HOME%` environment variable manually. For example: +``` +set HOME=%USERPROFILE% +``` # OUTPUT TEMPLATE @@ -477,7 +534,7 @@ The `-o` option allows users to indicate a template for the output file names. **tl;dr:** [navigate me to examples](#output-template-examples). -The basic usage is not to set any template arguments when downloading a single file, like in `youtube-dl -o funny_video.flv "http://some/video"`. However, it may contain special sequences that will be replaced when downloading each video. The special sequences may be formatted according to [python string formatting operations](https://docs.python.org/2/library/stdtypes.html#string-formatting). For example, `%(NAME)s` or `%(NAME)05d`. To clarify, that is a percent symbol followed by a name in parentheses, followed by a formatting operations. Allowed names along with sequence type are: +The basic usage is not to set any template arguments when downloading a single file, like in `youtube-dl -o funny_video.flv "https://some/video"`. However, it may contain special sequences that will be replaced when downloading each video. The special sequences may be formatted according to [python string formatting operations](https://docs.python.org/2/library/stdtypes.html#string-formatting). For example, `%(NAME)s` or `%(NAME)05d`. To clarify, that is a percent symbol followed by a name in parentheses, followed by formatting operations. Allowed names along with sequence type are: - `id` (string): Video identifier - `title` (string): Video title @@ -492,6 +549,8 @@ The basic usage is not to set any template arguments when downloading a single f - `timestamp` (numeric): UNIX timestamp of the moment the video became available - `upload_date` (string): Video upload date (YYYYMMDD) - `uploader_id` (string): Nickname or id of the video uploader + - `channel` (string): Full name of the channel the video is uploaded on + - `channel_id` (string): Id of the channel - `location` (string): Physical location where the video was filmed - `duration` (numeric): Length of the video in seconds - `view_count` (numeric): How many users have watched the video on the platform @@ -501,7 +560,10 @@ The basic usage is not to set any template arguments when downloading a single f - `average_rating` (numeric): Average rating give by users, the scale used depends on the webpage - `comment_count` (numeric): Number of comments on the video - `age_limit` (numeric): Age restriction for the video (years) - - `format` (string): A human-readable description of the format + - `is_live` (boolean): Whether this video is a live stream or a fixed-length video + - `start_time` (numeric): Time in seconds where the reproduction should start, as specified in the URL + - `end_time` (numeric): Time in seconds where the reproduction should end, as specified in the URL + - `format` (string): A human-readable description of the format - `format_id` (string): Format code specified by `--format` - `format_note` (string): Additional info about the format - `width` (numeric): Width of the video @@ -521,19 +583,22 @@ The basic usage is not to set any template arguments when downloading a single f - `extractor` (string): Name of the extractor - `extractor_key` (string): Key name of the extractor - `epoch` (numeric): Unix epoch when creating the file - - `autonumber` (numeric): Five-digit number that will be increased with each download, starting at zero + - `autonumber` (numeric): Number that will be increased with each download, starting at `--autonumber-start` - `playlist` (string): Name or id of the playlist that contains the video - `playlist_index` (numeric): Index of the video in the playlist padded with leading zeros according to the total length of the playlist - `playlist_id` (string): Playlist identifier - `playlist_title` (string): Playlist title - + - `playlist_uploader` (string): Full name of the playlist uploader + - `playlist_uploader_id` (string): Nickname or id of the playlist uploader Available for the video that belongs to some logical chapter or section: + - `chapter` (string): Name or title of the chapter the video belongs to - `chapter_number` (numeric): Number of the chapter the video belongs to - `chapter_id` (string): Id of the chapter the video belongs to Available for the video that is an episode of some series or programme: + - `series` (string): Title of the series or programme the video episode belongs to - `season` (string): Title of the season the video episode belongs to - `season_number` (numeric): Number of the season the video episode belongs to @@ -543,6 +608,7 @@ Available for the video that is an episode of some series or programme: - `episode_id` (string): Id of the video episode Available for the media that is a track or a part of a music album: + - `track` (string): Title of the track - `track_number` (numeric): Number of the track within an album or a disc - `track_id` (string): Id of the track @@ -554,7 +620,7 @@ Available for the media that is a track or a part of a music album: - `disc_number` (numeric): Number of the disc or other physical medium the track belongs to - `release_year` (numeric): Year (YYYY) when the album was released -Each aforementioned sequence when referenced in an output template will be replaced by the actual value corresponding to the sequence name. Note that some of the sequences are not guaranteed to be present since they depend on the metadata obtained by a particular extractor. Such sequences will be replaced with `NA`. +Each aforementioned sequence when referenced in an output template will be replaced by the actual value corresponding to the sequence name. Note that some of the sequences are not guaranteed to be present since they depend on the metadata obtained by a particular extractor. Such sequences will be replaced with placeholder value provided with `--output-na-placeholder` (`NA` by default). For example for `-o %(title)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s` and an mp4 video with title `youtube-dl test video` and id `BaW_jenozKcj`, this will result in a `youtube-dl test video-BaW_jenozKcj.mp4` file created in the current directory. @@ -566,7 +632,7 @@ To use percent literals in an output template use `%%`. To output to stdout use The current default template is `%(title)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s`. -In some cases, you don't want special characters such as ä¸, spaces, or &, such as when transferring the downloaded filename to a Windows system or the filename through an 8bit-unsafe channel. In these cases, add the `--restrict-filenames` flag to get a shorter title: +In some cases, you don't want special characters such as ä¸, spaces, or &, such as when transferring the downloaded filename to a Windows system or the filename through an 8bit-unsafe channel. In these cases, add the `--restrict-filenames` flag to get a shorter title. #### Output template and Windows batch files @@ -574,7 +640,7 @@ If you are using an output template inside a Windows batch file then you must es #### Output template examples -Note on Windows you may need to use double quotes instead of single. +Note that on Windows you may need to use double quotes instead of single. ```bash $ youtube-dl --get-filename -o '%(title)s.%(ext)s' BaW_jenozKc @@ -593,7 +659,7 @@ $ youtube-dl -o '%(uploader)s/%(playlist)s/%(playlist_index)s - %(title)s.%(ext) $ youtube-dl -u user -p password -o '~/MyVideos/%(playlist)s/%(chapter_number)s - %(chapter)s/%(title)s.%(ext)s' https://www.udemy.com/java-tutorial/ # Download entire series season keeping each series and each season in separate directory under C:/MyVideos -$ youtube-dl -o "C:/MyVideos/%(series)s/%(season_number)s - %(season)s/%(episode_number)s - %(episode)s.%(ext)s" http://videomore.ru/kino_v_detalayah/5_sezon/367617 +$ youtube-dl -o "C:/MyVideos/%(series)s/%(season_number)s - %(season)s/%(episode_number)s - %(episode)s.%(ext)s" https://videomore.ru/kino_v_detalayah/5_sezon/367617 # Stream the video being downloaded to stdout $ youtube-dl -o - BaW_jenozKc @@ -609,11 +675,12 @@ The general syntax for format selection is `--format FORMAT` or shorter `-f FORM **tl;dr:** [navigate me to examples](#format-selection-examples). -The simplest case is requesting a specific format, for example with `-f 22` you can download the format with format code equal to 22. You can get the list of available format codes for particular video using `--list-formats` or `-F`. Note that these format codes are extractor specific. +The simplest case is requesting a specific format, for example with `-f 22` you can download the format with format code equal to 22. You can get the list of available format codes for particular video using `--list-formats` or `-F`. Note that these format codes are extractor specific. You can also use a file extension (currently `3gp`, `aac`, `flv`, `m4a`, `mp3`, `mp4`, `ogg`, `wav`, `webm` are supported) to download the best quality format of a particular file extension served as a single file, e.g. `-f webm` will download the best quality format with the `webm` extension served as a single file. You can also use special names to select particular edge case formats: + - `best`: Select the best quality format represented by a single file with video and audio. - `worst`: Select the worst quality format represented by a single file with video and audio. - `bestvideo`: Select the best quality video-only format (e.g. DASH video). May not be available. @@ -630,6 +697,7 @@ If you want to download several formats of the same video use a comma as a separ You can also filter the video formats by putting a condition in brackets, as in `-f "best[height=720]"` (or `-f "[filesize>10M]"`). The following numeric meta fields can be used with comparisons `<`, `<=`, `>`, `>=`, `=` (equals), `!=` (not equals): + - `filesize`: The number of bytes, if known in advance - `width`: Width of the video, if known - `height`: Height of the video, if known @@ -639,13 +707,17 @@ The following numeric meta fields can be used with comparisons `<`, `<=`, `>`, ` - `asr`: Audio sampling rate in Hertz - `fps`: Frame rate -Also filtering work for comparisons `=` (equals), `!=` (not equals), `^=` (begins with), `$=` (ends with), `*=` (contains) and following string meta fields: +Also filtering work for comparisons `=` (equals), `^=` (starts with), `$=` (ends with), `*=` (contains) and following string meta fields: + - `ext`: File extension - `acodec`: Name of the audio codec in use - `vcodec`: Name of the video codec in use - `container`: Name of the container format - - `protocol`: The protocol that will be used for the actual download, lower-case (`http`, `https`, `rtsp`, `rtmp`, `rtmpe`, `mms`, `f4m`, `ism`, `m3u8`, or `m3u8_native`) + - `protocol`: The protocol that will be used for the actual download, lower-case (`http`, `https`, `rtsp`, `rtmp`, `rtmpe`, `mms`, `f4m`, `ism`, `http_dash_segments`, `m3u8`, or `m3u8_native`) - `format_id`: A short description of the format + - `language`: Language code + +Any string comparison may be prefixed with negation `!` in order to produce an opposite comparison, e.g. `!*=` (does not contain). Note that none of the aforementioned meta fields are guaranteed to be present since this solely depends on the metadata obtained by particular extractor, i.e. the metadata offered by the video hoster. @@ -655,19 +727,19 @@ You can merge the video and audio of two formats into a single file using `-f <v Format selectors can also be grouped using parentheses, for example if you want to download the best mp4 and webm formats with a height lower than 480 you can use `-f '(mp4,webm)[height<480]'`. -Since the end of April 2015 and version 2015.04.26, youtube-dl uses `-f bestvideo+bestaudio/best` as the default format selection (see [#5447](https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/5447), [#5456](https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/5456)). If ffmpeg or avconv are installed this results in downloading `bestvideo` and `bestaudio` separately and muxing them together into a single file giving the best overall quality available. Otherwise it falls back to `best` and results in downloading the best available quality served as a single file. `best` is also needed for videos that don't come from YouTube because they don't provide the audio and video in two different files. If you want to only download some DASH formats (for example if you are not interested in getting videos with a resolution higher than 1080p), you can add `-f bestvideo[height<=?1080]+bestaudio/best` to your configuration file. Note that if you use youtube-dl to stream to `stdout` (and most likely to pipe it to your media player then), i.e. you explicitly specify output template as `-o -`, youtube-dl still uses `-f best` format selection in order to start content delivery immediately to your player and not to wait until `bestvideo` and `bestaudio` are downloaded and muxed. +Since the end of April 2015 and version 2015.04.26, youtube-dl uses `-f bestvideo+bestaudio/best` as the default format selection (see [#5447](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/5447), [#5456](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/5456)). If ffmpeg or avconv are installed this results in downloading `bestvideo` and `bestaudio` separately and muxing them together into a single file giving the best overall quality available. Otherwise it falls back to `best` and results in downloading the best available quality served as a single file. `best` is also needed for videos that don't come from YouTube because they don't provide the audio and video in two different files. If you want to only download some DASH formats (for example if you are not interested in getting videos with a resolution higher than 1080p), you can add `-f bestvideo[height<=?1080]+bestaudio/best` to your configuration file. Note that if you use youtube-dl to stream to `stdout` (and most likely to pipe it to your media player then), i.e. you explicitly specify output template as `-o -`, youtube-dl still uses `-f best` format selection in order to start content delivery immediately to your player and not to wait until `bestvideo` and `bestaudio` are downloaded and muxed. If you want to preserve the old format selection behavior (prior to youtube-dl 2015.04.26), i.e. you want to download the best available quality media served as a single file, you should explicitly specify your choice with `-f best`. You may want to add it to the [configuration file](#configuration) in order not to type it every time you run youtube-dl. #### Format selection examples -Note on Windows you may need to use double quotes instead of single. +Note that on Windows you may need to use double quotes instead of single. ```bash # Download best mp4 format available or any other best if no mp4 available $ youtube-dl -f 'bestvideo[ext=mp4]+bestaudio[ext=m4a]/best[ext=mp4]/best' -# Download best format available but not better that 480p +# Download best format available but no better than 480p $ youtube-dl -f 'bestvideo[height<=480]+bestaudio/best[height<=480]' # Download best video only format but no bigger than 50 MB @@ -688,7 +760,7 @@ Videos can be filtered by their upload date using the options `--date`, `--dateb - Absolute dates: Dates in the format `YYYYMMDD`. - Relative dates: Dates in the format `(now|today)[+-][0-9](day|week|month|year)(s)?` - + Examples: ```bash @@ -706,21 +778,21 @@ $ youtube-dl --dateafter 20000101 --datebefore 20091231 ### How do I update youtube-dl? -If you've followed [our manual installation instructions](http://rg3.github.io/youtube-dl/download.html), you can simply run `youtube-dl -U` (or, on Linux, `sudo youtube-dl -U`). +If you've followed [our manual installation instructions](https://ytdl-org.github.io/youtube-dl/download.html), you can simply run `youtube-dl -U` (or, on Linux, `sudo youtube-dl -U`). If you have used pip, a simple `sudo pip install -U youtube-dl` is sufficient to update. -If you have installed youtube-dl using a package manager like *apt-get* or *yum*, use the standard system update mechanism to update. Note that distribution packages are often outdated. As a rule of thumb, youtube-dl releases at least once a month, and often weekly or even daily. Simply go to http://yt-dl.org/ to find out the current version. Unfortunately, there is nothing we youtube-dl developers can do if your distribution serves a really outdated version. You can (and should) complain to your distribution in their bugtracker or support forum. +If you have installed youtube-dl using a package manager like *apt-get* or *yum*, use the standard system update mechanism to update. Note that distribution packages are often outdated. As a rule of thumb, youtube-dl releases at least once a month, and often weekly or even daily. Simply go to https://yt-dl.org to find out the current version. Unfortunately, there is nothing we youtube-dl developers can do if your distribution serves a really outdated version. You can (and should) complain to your distribution in their bugtracker or support forum. As a last resort, you can also uninstall the version installed by your package manager and follow our manual installation instructions. For that, remove the distribution's package, with a line like sudo apt-get remove -y youtube-dl -Afterwards, simply follow [our manual installation instructions](http://rg3.github.io/youtube-dl/download.html): +Afterwards, simply follow [our manual installation instructions](https://ytdl-org.github.io/youtube-dl/download.html): ``` -sudo wget https://yt-dl.org/latest/youtube-dl -O /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl -sudo chmod a+x /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl +sudo wget https://yt-dl.org/downloads/latest/youtube-dl -O /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl +sudo chmod a+rx /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl hash -r ``` @@ -750,17 +822,17 @@ Most people asking this question are not aware that youtube-dl now defaults to d ### I get HTTP error 402 when trying to download a video. What's this? -Apparently YouTube requires you to pass a CAPTCHA test if you download too much. We're [considering to provide a way to let you solve the CAPTCHA](https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/154), but at the moment, your best course of action is pointing a web browser to the youtube URL, solving the CAPTCHA, and restart youtube-dl. +Apparently YouTube requires you to pass a CAPTCHA test if you download too much. We're [considering to provide a way to let you solve the CAPTCHA](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/154), but at the moment, your best course of action is pointing a web browser to the youtube URL, solving the CAPTCHA, and restart youtube-dl. ### Do I need any other programs? youtube-dl works fine on its own on most sites. However, if you want to convert video/audio, you'll need [avconv](https://libav.org/) or [ffmpeg](https://www.ffmpeg.org/). On some sites - most notably YouTube - videos can be retrieved in a higher quality format without sound. youtube-dl will detect whether avconv/ffmpeg is present and automatically pick the best option. -Videos or video formats streamed via RTMP protocol can only be downloaded when [rtmpdump](https://rtmpdump.mplayerhq.hu/) is installed. Downloading MMS and RTSP videos requires either [mplayer](http://mplayerhq.hu/) or [mpv](https://mpv.io/) to be installed. +Videos or video formats streamed via RTMP protocol can only be downloaded when [rtmpdump](https://rtmpdump.mplayerhq.hu/) is installed. Downloading MMS and RTSP videos requires either [mplayer](https://mplayerhq.hu/) or [mpv](https://mpv.io/) to be installed. ### I have downloaded a video but how can I play it? -Once the video is fully downloaded, use any video player, such as [mpv](https://mpv.io/), [vlc](http://www.videolan.org/) or [mplayer](http://www.mplayerhq.hu/). +Once the video is fully downloaded, use any video player, such as [mpv](https://mpv.io/), [vlc](https://www.videolan.org/) or [mplayer](https://www.mplayerhq.hu/). ### I extracted a video URL with `-g`, but it does not play on another machine / in my web browser. @@ -802,7 +874,9 @@ In February 2015, the new YouTube player contained a character sequence in a str ### HTTP Error 429: Too Many Requests or 402: Payment Required -These two error codes indicate that the service is blocking your IP address because of overuse. Contact the service and ask them to unblock your IP address, or - if you have acquired a whitelisted IP address already - use the [`--proxy` or `--source-address` options](#network-options) to select another IP address. +These two error codes indicate that the service is blocking your IP address because of overuse. Usually this is a soft block meaning that you can gain access again after solving CAPTCHA. Just open a browser and solve a CAPTCHA the service suggests you and after that [pass cookies](#how-do-i-pass-cookies-to-youtube-dl) to youtube-dl. Note that if your machine has multiple external IPs then you should also pass exactly the same IP you've used for solving CAPTCHA with [`--source-address`](#network-options). Also you may need to pass a `User-Agent` HTTP header of your browser with [`--user-agent`](#workarounds). + +If this is not the case (no CAPTCHA suggested to solve by the service) then you can contact the service and ask them to unblock your IP address, or - if you have acquired a whitelisted IP address already - use the [`--proxy` or `--source-address` options](#network-options) to select another IP address. ### SyntaxError: Non-ASCII character @@ -815,11 +889,11 @@ means you're using an outdated version of Python. Please update to Python 2.6 or ### What is this binary file? Where has the code gone? -Since June 2012 ([#342](https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/342)) youtube-dl is packed as an executable zipfile, simply unzip it (might need renaming to `youtube-dl.zip` first on some systems) or clone the git repository, as laid out above. If you modify the code, you can run it by executing the `__main__.py` file. To recompile the executable, run `make youtube-dl`. +Since June 2012 ([#342](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/342)) youtube-dl is packed as an executable zipfile, simply unzip it (might need renaming to `youtube-dl.zip` first on some systems) or clone the git repository, as laid out above. If you modify the code, you can run it by executing the `__main__.py` file. To recompile the executable, run `make youtube-dl`. ### The exe throws an error due to missing `MSVCR100.dll` -To run the exe you need to install first the [Microsoft Visual C++ 2010 Redistributable Package (x86)](https://www.microsoft.com/en-US/download/details.aspx?id=5555). +To run the exe you need to install first the [Microsoft Visual C++ 2010 Service Pack 1 Redistributable Package (x86)](https://download.microsoft.com/download/1/6/5/165255E7-1014-4D0A-B094-B6A430A6BFFC/vcredist_x86.exe). ### On Windows, how should I set up ffmpeg and youtube-dl? Where should I put the exe files? @@ -835,26 +909,26 @@ Use the `-o` to specify an [output template](#output-template), for example `-o ### How do I download a video starting with a `-`? -Either prepend `http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=` or separate the ID from the options with `--`: +Either prepend `https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=` or separate the ID from the options with `--`: youtube-dl -- -wNyEUrxzFU - youtube-dl "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-wNyEUrxzFU" + youtube-dl "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-wNyEUrxzFU" ### How do I pass cookies to youtube-dl? Use the `--cookies` option, for example `--cookies /path/to/cookies/file.txt`. -In order to extract cookies from browser use any conforming browser extension for exporting cookies. For example, [cookies.txt](https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/cookiestxt/njabckikapfpffapmjgojcnbfjonfjfg) (for Chrome) or [Export Cookies](https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/export-cookies/) (for Firefox). +In order to extract cookies from browser use any conforming browser extension for exporting cookies. For example, [Get cookies.txt LOCALLY](https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/get-cookiestxt-locally/cclelndahbckbenkjhflpdbgdldlbecc) (for Chrome) or [cookies.txt](https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/cookies-txt/) (for Firefox). -Note that the cookies file must be in Mozilla/Netscape format and the first line of the cookies file must be either `# HTTP Cookie File` or `# Netscape HTTP Cookie File`. Make sure you have correct [newline format](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newline) in the cookies file and convert newlines if necessary to correspond with your OS, namely `CRLF` (`\r\n`) for Windows and `LF` (`\n`) for Unix and Unix-like systems (Linux, Mac OS, etc.). `HTTP Error 400: Bad Request` when using `--cookies` is a good sign of invalid newline format. +Note that the cookies file must be in Mozilla/Netscape format and the first line of the cookies file must be either `# HTTP Cookie File` or `# Netscape HTTP Cookie File`. Make sure you have correct [newline format](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newline) in the cookies file and convert newlines if necessary to correspond with your OS, namely `CRLF` (`\r\n`) for Windows and `LF` (`\n`) for Unix and Unix-like systems (Linux, macOS, etc.). `HTTP Error 400: Bad Request` when using `--cookies` is a good sign of invalid newline format. Passing cookies to youtube-dl is a good way to workaround login when a particular extractor does not implement it explicitly. Another use case is working around [CAPTCHA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAPTCHA) some websites require you to solve in particular cases in order to get access (e.g. YouTube, CloudFlare). ### How do I stream directly to media player? -You will first need to tell youtube-dl to stream media to stdout with `-o -`, and also tell your media player to read from stdin (it must be capable of this for streaming) and then pipe former to latter. For example, streaming to [vlc](http://www.videolan.org/) can be achieved with: +You will first need to tell youtube-dl to stream media to stdout with `-o -`, and also tell your media player to read from stdin (it must be capable of this for streaming) and then pipe former to latter. For example, streaming to [vlc](https://www.videolan.org/) can be achieved with: - youtube-dl -o - "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKcj" | vlc - + youtube-dl -o - "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKcj" | vlc - ### How do I download only new videos from a playlist? @@ -874,7 +948,7 @@ When youtube-dl detects an HLS video, it can download it either with the built-i When youtube-dl knows that one particular downloader works better for a given website, that downloader will be picked. Otherwise, youtube-dl will pick the best downloader for general compatibility, which at the moment happens to be ffmpeg. This choice may change in future versions of youtube-dl, with improvements of the built-in downloader and/or ffmpeg. -In particular, the generic extractor (used when your website is not in the [list of supported sites by youtube-dl](http://rg3.github.io/youtube-dl/supportedsites.html) cannot mandate one specific downloader. +In particular, the generic extractor (used when your website is not in the [list of supported sites by youtube-dl](https://ytdl-org.github.io/youtube-dl/supportedsites.html) cannot mandate one specific downloader. If you put either `--hls-prefer-native` or `--hls-prefer-ffmpeg` into your configuration, a different subset of videos will fail to download correctly. Instead, it is much better to [file an issue](https://yt-dl.org/bug) or a pull request which details why the native or the ffmpeg HLS downloader is a better choice for your use case. @@ -900,7 +974,7 @@ Feel free to bump the issue from time to time by writing a small comment ("Issue ### How can I detect whether a given URL is supported by youtube-dl? -For one, have a look at the [list of supported sites](docs/supportedsites.md). Note that it can sometimes happen that the site changes its URL scheme (say, from http://example.com/video/1234567 to http://example.com/v/1234567 ) and youtube-dl reports an URL of a service in that list as unsupported. In that case, simply report a bug. +For one, have a look at the [list of supported sites](docs/supportedsites.md). Note that it can sometimes happen that the site changes its URL scheme (say, from https://example.com/video/1234567 to https://example.com/v/1234567 ) and youtube-dl reports an URL of a service in that list as unsupported. In that case, simply report a bug. It is *not* possible to detect whether a URL is supported or not. That's because youtube-dl contains a generic extractor which matches **all** URLs. You may be tempted to disable, exclude, or remove the generic extractor, but the generic extractor not only allows users to extract videos from lots of websites that embed a video from another service, but may also be used to extract video from a service that it's hosting itself. Therefore, we neither recommend nor support disabling, excluding, or removing the generic extractor. @@ -914,7 +988,7 @@ youtube-dl is an open-source project manned by too few volunteers, so we'd rathe # DEVELOPER INSTRUCTIONS -Most users do not need to build youtube-dl and can [download the builds](http://rg3.github.io/youtube-dl/download.html) or get them from their distribution. +Most users do not need to build youtube-dl and can [download the builds](https://ytdl-org.github.io/youtube-dl/download.html) or get them from their distribution. To run youtube-dl as a developer, you don't need to build anything either. Simply execute @@ -926,6 +1000,10 @@ To run the test, simply invoke your favorite test runner, or execute a test file python test/test_download.py nosetests +For Python versions 3.6 and later, you can use [pynose](https://pypi.org/project/pynose/) to implement `nosetests`. The original [nose](https://pypi.org/project/nose/) has not been upgraded for 3.10 and later. + +See item 6 of [new extractor tutorial](#adding-support-for-a-new-site) for how to run extractor specific test cases. + If you want to create a build of youtube-dl yourself, you'll need * python @@ -940,7 +1018,7 @@ If you want to add support for a new site, first of all **make sure** this site After you have ensured this site is distributing its content legally, you can follow this quick list (assuming your service is called `yourextractor`): -1. [Fork this repository](https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/fork) +1. [Fork this repository](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/fork) 2. Check out the source code with: git clone git@github.com:YOUR_GITHUB_USERNAME/youtube-dl.git @@ -962,7 +1040,7 @@ After you have ensured this site is distributing its content legally, you can fo class YourExtractorIE(InfoExtractor): _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?yourextractor\.com/watch/(?P<id>[0-9]+)' _TEST = { - 'url': 'http://yourextractor.com/watch/42', + 'url': 'https://yourextractor.com/watch/42', 'md5': 'TODO: md5 sum of the first 10241 bytes of the video file (use --test)', 'info_dict': { 'id': '42', @@ -992,30 +1070,36 @@ After you have ensured this site is distributing its content legally, you can fo # TODO more properties (see youtube_dl/extractor/common.py) } ``` -5. Add an import in [`youtube_dl/extractor/extractors.py`](https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/blob/master/youtube_dl/extractor/extractors.py). -6. Run `python test/test_download.py TestDownload.test_YourExtractor`. This *should fail* at first, but you can continually re-run it until you're done. If you decide to add more than one test, then rename ``_TEST`` to ``_TESTS`` and make it into a list of dictionaries. The tests will then be named `TestDownload.test_YourExtractor`, `TestDownload.test_YourExtractor_1`, `TestDownload.test_YourExtractor_2`, etc. -7. Have a look at [`youtube_dl/extractor/common.py`](https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/blob/master/youtube_dl/extractor/common.py) for possible helper methods and a [detailed description of what your extractor should and may return](https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/blob/master/youtube_dl/extractor/common.py#L74-L252). Add tests and code for as many as you want. -8. Make sure your code follows [youtube-dl coding conventions](#youtube-dl-coding-conventions) and check the code with [flake8](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/flake8). Also make sure your code works under all [Python](http://www.python.org/) versions claimed supported by youtube-dl, namely 2.6, 2.7, and 3.2+. -9. When the tests pass, [add](http://git-scm.com/docs/git-add) the new files and [commit](http://git-scm.com/docs/git-commit) them and [push](http://git-scm.com/docs/git-push) the result, like this: +5. Add an import in [`youtube_dl/extractor/extractors.py`](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/blob/master/youtube_dl/extractor/extractors.py). +6. Run `python test/test_download.py TestDownload.test_YourExtractor`. This *should fail* at first, but you can continually re-run it until you're done. If you decide to add more than one test (actually, test case) then rename ``_TEST`` to ``_TESTS`` and make it into a list of dictionaries. The tests will then be named `TestDownload.test_YourExtractor`, `TestDownload.test_YourExtractor_1`, `TestDownload.test_YourExtractor_2`, etc. Note: + * the test names use the extractor class name **without the trailing `IE`** + * tests with `only_matching` key in test's dict are not counted. +8. Have a look at [`youtube_dl/extractor/common.py`](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/blob/master/youtube_dl/extractor/common.py) for possible helper methods and a [detailed description of what your extractor should and may return](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/blob/7f41a598b3fba1bcab2817de64a08941200aa3c8/youtube_dl/extractor/common.py#L94-L303). Add tests and code for as many as you want. +9. Make sure your code follows [youtube-dl coding conventions](#youtube-dl-coding-conventions) and check the code with [flake8](https://flake8.pycqa.org/en/latest/index.html#quickstart): + + $ flake8 youtube_dl/extractor/yourextractor.py + +9. Make sure your code works under all [Python](https://www.python.org/) versions claimed supported by youtube-dl, namely 2.6, 2.7, and 3.2+. +10. When the tests pass, [add](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-add) the new files and [commit](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-commit) them and [push](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-push) the result, like this: $ git add youtube_dl/extractor/extractors.py $ git add youtube_dl/extractor/yourextractor.py $ git commit -m '[yourextractor] Add new extractor' $ git push origin yourextractor -10. Finally, [create a pull request](https://help.github.com/articles/creating-a-pull-request). We'll then review and merge it. +11. Finally, [create a pull request](https://help.github.com/articles/creating-a-pull-request). We'll then review and merge it. In any case, thank you very much for your contributions! ## youtube-dl coding conventions -This section introduces a guide lines for writing idiomatic, robust and future-proof extractor code. +This section introduces guidelines for writing idiomatic, robust and future-proof extractor code. Extractors are very fragile by nature since they depend on the layout of the source data provided by 3rd party media hosters out of your control and this layout tends to change. As an extractor implementer your task is not only to write code that will extract media links and metadata correctly but also to minimize dependency on the source's layout and even to make the code foresee potential future changes and be ready for that. This is important because it will allow the extractor not to break on minor layout changes thus keeping old youtube-dl versions working. Even though this breakage issue is easily fixed by emitting a new version of youtube-dl with a fix incorporated, all the previous versions become broken in all repositories and distros' packages that may not be so prompt in fetching the update from us. Needless to say, some non rolling release distros may never receive an update at all. ### Mandatory and optional metafields -For extraction to work youtube-dl relies on metadata your extractor extracts and provides to youtube-dl expressed by an [information dictionary](https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/blob/master/youtube_dl/extractor/common.py#L75-L257) or simply *info dict*. Only the following meta fields in the *info dict* are considered mandatory for a successful extraction process by youtube-dl: +For extraction to work youtube-dl relies on metadata your extractor extracts and provides to youtube-dl expressed by an [information dictionary](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/blob/7f41a598b3fba1bcab2817de64a08941200aa3c8/youtube_dl/extractor/common.py#L94-L303) or simply *info dict*. Only the following meta fields in the *info dict* are considered mandatory for a successful extraction process by youtube-dl: - `id` (media identifier) - `title` (media title) @@ -1023,7 +1107,7 @@ For extraction to work youtube-dl relies on metadata your extractor extracts and In fact only the last option is technically mandatory (i.e. if you can't figure out the download location of the media the extraction does not make any sense). But by convention youtube-dl also treats `id` and `title` as mandatory. Thus the aforementioned metafields are the critical data that the extraction does not make any sense without and if any of them fail to be extracted then the extractor is considered completely broken. -[Any field](https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/blob/master/youtube_dl/extractor/common.py#L149-L257) apart from the aforementioned ones are considered **optional**. That means that extraction should be **tolerant** to situations when sources for these fields can potentially be unavailable (even if they are always available at the moment) and **future-proof** in order not to break the extraction of general purpose mandatory fields. +[Any field](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/blob/7f41a598b3fba1bcab2817de64a08941200aa3c8/youtube_dl/extractor/common.py#L188-L303) apart from the aforementioned ones are considered **optional**. That means that extraction should be **tolerant** to situations when sources for these fields can potentially be unavailable (even if they are always available at the moment) and **future-proof** in order not to break the extraction of general purpose mandatory fields. #### Example @@ -1032,7 +1116,7 @@ Say you have some source dictionary `meta` that you've fetched as JSON with HTTP ```python meta = self._download_json(url, video_id) ``` - + Assume at this point `meta`'s layout is: ```python @@ -1076,7 +1160,7 @@ description = self._search_regex( ``` On failure this code will silently continue the extraction with `description` set to `None`. That is useful for metafields that may or may not be present. - + ### Provide fallbacks When extracting metadata try to do so from multiple sources. For example if `title` is present in several places, try extracting from at least some of them. This makes it more future-proof in case some of the sources become unavailable. @@ -1099,11 +1183,33 @@ title = meta.get('title') or self._og_search_title(webpage) This code will try to extract from `meta` first and if it fails it will try extracting `og:title` from a `webpage`. -### Make regular expressions flexible +### Regular expressions -When using regular expressions try to write them fuzzy and flexible. - -#### Example +#### Don't capture groups you don't use + +Capturing group must be an indication that it's used somewhere in the code. Any group that is not used must be non capturing. + +##### Example + +Don't capture id attribute name here since you can't use it for anything anyway. + +Correct: + +```python +r'(?:id|ID)=(?P<id>\d+)' +``` + +Incorrect: +```python +r'(id|ID)=(?P<id>\d+)' +``` + + +#### Make regular expressions relaxed and flexible + +When using regular expressions try to write them fuzzy, relaxed and flexible, skipping insignificant parts that are more likely to change, allowing both single and double quotes for quoted values and so on. + +##### Example Say you need to extract `title` from the following HTML code: @@ -1126,7 +1232,7 @@ title = self._search_regex( webpage, 'title', group='title') ``` -Note how you tolerate potential changes in the `style` attribute's value or switch from using double quotes to single for `class` attribute: +Note how you tolerate potential changes in the `style` attribute's value or switch from using double quotes to single for `class` attribute: The code definitely should not look like: @@ -1136,13 +1242,208 @@ title = self._search_regex( webpage, 'title', group='title') ``` -### Use safe conversion functions +### Long lines policy + +There is a soft limit to keep lines of code under 80 characters long. This means it should be respected if possible and if it does not make readability and code maintenance worse. + +For example, you should **never** split long string literals like URLs or some other often copied entities over multiple lines to fit this limit: + +Correct: + +```python +'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqZTN594JQw&list=PLMYEtVRpaqY00V9W81Cwmzp6N6vZqfUKD4' +``` + +Incorrect: + +```python +'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqZTN594JQw&list=' +'PLMYEtVRpaqY00V9W81Cwmzp6N6vZqfUKD4' +``` + +### Inline values -Wrap all extracted numeric data into safe functions from `utils`: `int_or_none`, `float_or_none`. Use them for string to number conversions as well. +Extracting variables is acceptable for reducing code duplication and improving readability of complex expressions. However, you should avoid extracting variables used only once and moving them to opposite parts of the extractor file, which makes reading the linear flow difficult. + +#### Example + +Correct: + +```python +title = self._html_search_regex(r'<title>([^<]+)</title>', webpage, 'title') +``` + +Incorrect: + +```python +TITLE_RE = r'<title>([^<]+)</title>' +# ...some lines of code... +title = self._html_search_regex(TITLE_RE, webpage, 'title') +``` + +### Collapse fallbacks + +Multiple fallback values can quickly become unwieldy. Collapse multiple fallback values into a single expression via a list of patterns. + +#### Example + +Good: + +```python +description = self._html_search_meta( + ['og:description', 'description', 'twitter:description'], + webpage, 'description', default=None) +``` + +Unwieldy: + +```python +description = ( + self._og_search_description(webpage, default=None) + or self._html_search_meta('description', webpage, default=None) + or self._html_search_meta('twitter:description', webpage, default=None)) +``` + +Methods supporting list of patterns are: `_search_regex`, `_html_search_regex`, `_og_search_property`, `_html_search_meta`. + +### Trailing parentheses + +Always move trailing parentheses after the last argument. + +#### Example + +Correct: + +```python + lambda x: x['ResultSet']['Result'][0]['VideoUrlSet']['VideoUrl'], + list) +``` + +Incorrect: + +```python + lambda x: x['ResultSet']['Result'][0]['VideoUrlSet']['VideoUrl'], + list, +) +``` + +### Use convenience conversion and parsing functions + +Wrap all extracted numeric data into safe functions from [`youtube_dl/utils.py`](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/blob/master/youtube_dl/utils.py): `int_or_none`, `float_or_none`. Use them for string to number conversions as well. + +Use `url_or_none` for safe URL processing. + +Use `traverse_obj` for safe metadata extraction from parsed JSON. + +Use `unified_strdate` for uniform `upload_date` or any `YYYYMMDD` meta field extraction, `unified_timestamp` for uniform `timestamp` extraction, `parse_filesize` for `filesize` extraction, `parse_count` for count meta fields extraction, `parse_resolution`, `parse_duration` for `duration` extraction, `parse_age_limit` for `age_limit` extraction. + +Explore [`youtube_dl/utils.py`](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/blob/master/youtube_dl/utils.py) for more useful convenience functions. + +#### More examples + +##### Safely extract optional description from parsed JSON + +When processing complex JSON, as often returned by site API requests or stashed in web pages for "hydration", you can use the `traverse_obj()` utility function to handle multiple fallback values and to ensure the expected type of metadata items. The function's docstring defines how the function works: also review usage in the codebase for more examples. + +In this example, a text `description`, or `None`, is pulled from the `.result.video[0].summary` member of the parsed JSON `response`, if available. + +```python +description = traverse_obj(response, ('result', 'video', 0, 'summary', T(compat_str))) +``` +`T(...)` is a shorthand for a set literal; if you hate people who still run Python 2.6, `T(type_or_transformation)` could be written as a set literal `{type_or_transformation}`. + +Some extractors use the older and less capable `try_get()` function in the same way. + +```python +description = try_get(response, lambda x: x['result']['video'][0]['summary'], compat_str) +``` + +##### Safely extract more optional metadata + +In this example, various optional metadata values are extracted from the `.result.video[0]` member of the parsed JSON `response`, which is expected to be a JS object, parsed into a `dict`, with no crash if that isn't so, or if any of the target values are missing or invalid. + +```python +video = traverse_obj(response, ('result', 'video', 0, T(dict))) or {} +# formerly: +# video = try_get(response, lambda x: x['result']['video'][0], dict) or {} +description = video.get('summary') +duration = float_or_none(video.get('durationMs'), scale=1000) +view_count = int_or_none(video.get('views')) +``` + +#### Safely extract nested lists + +Suppose you've extracted JSON like this into a Python data structure named `media_json` using, say, the `_download_json()` or `_parse_json()` methods of `InfoExtractor`: +```json +{ + "title": "Example video", + "comment": "try extracting this", + "media": [{ + "type": "bad", + "size": 320, + "url": "https://some.cdn.site/bad.mp4" + }, { + "type": "streaming", + "url": "https://some.cdn.site/hls.m3u8" + }, { + "type": "super", + "size": 1280, + "url": "https://some.cdn.site/good.webm" + }], + "moreStuff": "more values", + ... +} +``` + +Then extractor code like this can collect the various fields of the JSON: +```python +... +from ..utils import ( + determine_ext, + int_or_none, + T, + traverse_obj, + txt_or_none, + url_or_none, +) +... + ... + info_dict = {} + # extract title and description if valid and not empty + info_dict.update(traverse_obj(media_json, { + 'title': ('title', T(txt_or_none)), + 'description': ('comment', T(txt_or_none)), + })) + + # extract any recognisable media formats + fmts = [] + # traverse into "media" list, extract `dict`s with desired keys + for fmt in traverse_obj(media_json, ('media', Ellipsis, { + 'format_id': ('type', T(txt_or_none)), + 'url': ('url', T(url_or_none)), + 'width': ('size', T(int_or_none)), })): + # bad `fmt` values were `None` and removed + if 'url' not in fmt: + continue + fmt_url = fmt['url'] # known to be valid URL + ext = determine_ext(fmt_url) + if ext == 'm3u8': + fmts.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(fmt_url, video_id, 'mp4', fatal=False)) + else: + fmt['ext'] = ext + fmts.append(fmt) + + # sort, raise if no formats + self._sort_formats(fmts) + + info_dict['formats'] = fmts + ... +``` +The extractor raises an exception rather than random crashes if the JSON structure changes so that no formats are found. # EMBEDDING YOUTUBE-DL -youtube-dl makes the best effort to be a good command-line program, and thus should be callable from any programming language. If you encounter any problems parsing its output, feel free to [create a report](https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/new). +youtube-dl makes the best effort to be a good command-line program, and thus should be callable from any programming language. If you encounter any problems parsing its output, feel free to [create a report](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/new). From a Python program, you can embed youtube-dl in a more powerful fashion, like this: @@ -1152,10 +1453,10 @@ import youtube_dl ydl_opts = {} with youtube_dl.YoutubeDL(ydl_opts) as ydl: - ydl.download(['http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc']) + ydl.download(['https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc']) ``` -Most likely, you'll want to use various options. For a list of options available, have a look at [`youtube_dl/YoutubeDL.py`](https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/blob/master/youtube_dl/YoutubeDL.py#L129-L279). For a start, if you want to intercept youtube-dl's output, set a `logger` object. +Most likely, you'll want to use various options. For a list of options available, have a look at [`youtube_dl/YoutubeDL.py`](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/blob/3e4cedf9e8cd3157df2457df7274d0c842421945/youtube_dl/YoutubeDL.py#L137-L312). For a start, if you want to intercept youtube-dl's output, set a `logger` object. Here's a more complete example of a program that outputs only errors (and a short message after the download is finished), and downloads/converts the video to an mp3 file: @@ -1191,19 +1492,23 @@ ydl_opts = { 'progress_hooks': [my_hook], } with youtube_dl.YoutubeDL(ydl_opts) as ydl: - ydl.download(['http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc']) + ydl.download(['https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc']) ``` # BUGS -Bugs and suggestions should be reported at: <https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues>. Unless you were prompted to or there is another pertinent reason (e.g. GitHub fails to accept the bug report), please do not send bug reports via personal email. For discussions, join us in the IRC channel [#youtube-dl](irc://chat.freenode.net/#youtube-dl) on freenode ([webchat](http://webchat.freenode.net/?randomnick=1&channels=youtube-dl)). +Bugs and suggestions should be reported in the issue tracker: <https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues> (<https://yt-dl.org/bug> is an alias for this). Unless you were prompted to or there is another pertinent reason (e.g. GitHub fails to accept the bug report), please do not send bug reports via personal email. For discussions, join us in the IRC channel [#youtube-dl](irc://chat.freenode.net/#youtube-dl) on freenode ([webchat](https://webchat.freenode.net/?randomnick=1&channels=youtube-dl)). + +## Opening a bug report or suggestion + +Be sure to follow instructions provided **below** and **in the issue tracker**. Complete the appropriate issue template fully. Consider whether your problem is covered by an existing issue: if so, follow the discussion there. Avoid commenting on existing duplicate issues as such comments do not add to the discussion of the issue and are liable to be treated as spam. **Please include the full output of youtube-dl when run with `-v`**, i.e. **add** `-v` flag to **your command line**, copy the **whole** output and post it in the issue body wrapped in \`\`\` for better formatting. It should look similar to this: ``` $ youtube-dl -v <your command line> [debug] System config: [] [debug] User config: [] -[debug] Command-line args: [u'-v', u'http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKcj'] +[debug] Command-line args: [u'-v', u'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKcj'] [debug] Encodings: locale cp1251, fs mbcs, out cp866, pref cp1251 [debug] youtube-dl version 2015.12.06 [debug] Git HEAD: 135392e @@ -1216,17 +1521,17 @@ $ youtube-dl -v <your command line> The output (including the first lines) contains important debugging information. Issues without the full output are often not reproducible and therefore do not get solved in short order, if ever. -Please re-read your issue once again to avoid a couple of common mistakes (you can and should use this as a checklist): +Finally please review your issue to avoid various common mistakes (you can and should use this as a checklist) listed below. ### Is the description of the issue itself sufficient? -We often get issue reports that we cannot really decipher. While in most cases we eventually get the required information after asking back multiple times, this poses an unnecessary drain on our resources. Many contributors, including myself, are also not native speakers, so we may misread some parts. +We often get issue reports that are hard to understand. To avoid subsequent clarifications, and to assist participants who are not native English speakers, please elaborate on what feature you are requesting, or what bug you want to be fixed. -So please elaborate on what feature you are requesting, or what bug you want to be fixed. Make sure that it's obvious +Make sure that it's obvious - What the problem is - How it could be fixed -- How your proposed solution would look like +- How your proposed solution would look If your report is shorter than two lines, it is almost certainly missing some of these, which makes it hard for us to respond to it. We're often too polite to close the issue outright, but the missing info makes misinterpretation likely. As a committer myself, I often get frustrated by these issues, since the only possible way for me to move forward on them is to ask for clarification over and over. @@ -1234,19 +1539,19 @@ For bug reports, this means that your report should contain the *complete* outpu If your server has multiple IPs or you suspect censorship, adding `--call-home` may be a good idea to get more diagnostics. If the error is `ERROR: Unable to extract ...` and you cannot reproduce it from multiple countries, add `--dump-pages` (warning: this will yield a rather large output, redirect it to the file `log.txt` by adding `>log.txt 2>&1` to your command-line) or upload the `.dump` files you get when you add `--write-pages` [somewhere](https://gist.github.com/). -**Site support requests must contain an example URL**. An example URL is a URL you might want to download, like `http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc`. There should be an obvious video present. Except under very special circumstances, the main page of a video service (e.g. `http://www.youtube.com/`) is *not* an example URL. +**Site support requests must contain an example URL**. An example URL is a URL you might want to download, like `https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc`. There should be an obvious video present. Except under very special circumstances, the main page of a video service (e.g. `https://www.youtube.com/`) is *not* an example URL. -### Are you using the latest version? +### Is the issue already documented? -Before reporting any issue, type `youtube-dl -U`. This should report that you're up-to-date. About 20% of the reports we receive are already fixed, but people are using outdated versions. This goes for feature requests as well. +Make sure that someone has not already opened the issue you're trying to open. Search at the top of the window or browse the [GitHub Issues](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/search?type=Issues) of this repository. Initially, at least, use the search term `-label:duplicate` to focus on active issues. If there is an issue, feel free to write something along the lines of "This affects me as well, with version 2015.01.01. Here is some more information on the issue: ...". While some issues may be old, a new post into them often spurs rapid activity. -### Is the issue already documented? +### Are you using the latest version? -Make sure that someone has not already opened the issue you're trying to open. Search at the top of the window or browse the [GitHub Issues](https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/search?type=Issues) of this repository. If there is an issue, feel free to write something along the lines of "This affects me as well, with version 2015.01.01. Here is some more information on the issue: ...". While some issues may be old, a new post into them often spurs rapid activity. +Before reporting any issue, type `youtube-dl -U`. This should report that you're up-to-date. About 20% of the reports we receive are already fixed, but people are using outdated versions. This goes for feature requests as well. ### Why are existing options not enough? -Before requesting a new feature, please have a quick peek at [the list of supported options](https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/blob/master/README.md#options). Many feature requests are for features that actually exist already! Please, absolutely do show off your work in the issue report and detail how the existing similar options do *not* solve your problem. +Before requesting a new feature, please have a quick peek at [the list of supported options](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/blob/master/README.md#options). Many feature requests are for features that actually exist already! Please, absolutely do show off your work in the issue report and detail how the existing similar options do *not* solve your problem. ### Is there enough context in your bug report? |