From a99ff85d055e966b260b14c51d919c7b1f4f1d20 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: WiSo
\n";
+$inpara = 1;
+}
+
+
+# Main program
+
+$innf = 0;
+$inpara = 0;
+$inpre = 0;
+$wrotetext = 0;
+$toc = 0;
+$ref = 1;
+
+while ($#ARGV >= 0 && $ARGV[0] =~ /^-/)
+ {
+ $toc = 1 if $ARGV[0] eq "-toc";
+ shift;
+ }
+
+# Initial output to STDOUT
+
+print <
+Return to the PCRE index page.
+
+This page is part of the PCRE HTML documentation. It was generated automatically
+from the original man page. If there is any nonsense in it, please consult the
+man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
+$ARGV[0] man page
+
+End
+
+print "\n" if ($toc);
+
+open(TEMP, ">/tmp/$$") || die "Can't open /tmp/$$ for output\n";
+
+while (
\n" if ($toc);
+
+# Copy the remainder to the standard output
+
+close(TEMP);
+open(TEMP, "/tmp/$$") || die "Can't open /tmp/$$ for input\n";
+
+print while ( and
that delimit literal sections will do the spacing.
+ # Always skip if no previous output.
+
+ elsif (/^\.sp/)
+ {
+ if ($wrotetext)
+ {
+ $_ =
\n
\n" if (!/^[\s.]/);
+ }
+ redo; # Now process the lookahead line we just read
+ }
+ }
+ elsif (/^\.TP/ || /^\.PP/ || /^\.P/)
+ {
+ &new_para();
+ }
+ elsif (/^\.SH\s*("?)(.*)\1/)
+ {
+ # Ignore the NAME section
+ if ($2 =~ /^NAME\b/)
+ {
+
$title
\n",
+ $ref, $ref);
+ $ref++;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ print TEMP "
\n$title\n
\n";
+ }
+ }
+ elsif (/^\.SS\s*("?)(.*)\1/)
+ {
+ &end_para();
+ my($title) = &do_line($2);
+ print TEMP "
\n$title\n
\n";
+ }
+ elsif (/^\.B\s*(.*)/)
+ {
+ &new_para() if (!$inpara);
+ $_ = &do_line($1);
+ s/"(.*?)"/$1/g;
+ print TEMP "$_\n";
+ $wrotetext = 1;
+ }
+ elsif (/^\.I\s*(.*)/)
+ {
+ &new_para() if (!$inpara);
+ $_ = &do_line($1);
+ s/"(.*?)"/$1/g;
+ print TEMP "$_\n";
+ $wrotetext = 1;
+ }
+
+ # A comment that starts "HREF" takes the next line as a name that
+ # is turned into a hyperlink, using the text given, which might be
+ # in a special font. If it ends in () or (digits) or punctuation, they
+ # aren't part of the link.
+
+ elsif (/^\.\\"\s*HREF/)
+ {
+ $_=\n";
+ while (
\n";
+ $inpre = 1;
+ }
+ }
+ elsif ($inpre)
+ {
+ print TEMP "
\n";
+ $inpre = 0;
+ }
+
+ # Add
to the end of a non-literal line if we are within .nf/.fi
+
+ $_ .= "
\n" if (!$inpre && $innf);
+
+ print TEMP;
+ $wrotetext = 1;
+ }
+
+# The TOC, if present, will have been written - terminate it
+
+print "
+The HTML documentation for PCRE comprises the following pages: +
+ +pcre | +Introductory page |
pcre-config | +Information about the installation configuration |
pcreapi | +PCRE's native API |
pcrebuild | +Options for building PCRE |
pcrecallout | +The callout facility |
pcrecompat | +Compability with Perl |
pcrecpp | +The C++ wrapper for the PCRE library |
pcredemo | +A demonstration C program that uses the PCRE library |
pcregrep | +The pcregrep command |
pcrematching | +Discussion of the two matching algorithms |
pcrepartial | +Using PCRE for partial matching |
pcrepattern | +Specification of the regular expressions supported by PCRE |
pcreperform | +Some comments on performance |
pcreposix | +The POSIX API to the PCRE library |
pcreprecompile | +How to save and re-use compiled patterns |
pcresample | +Discussion of the pcredemo program |
pcrestack | +Discussion of PCRE's stack usage |
pcresyntax | +Syntax quick-reference summary |
pcretest | +The pcretest command for testing PCRE |
+There are also individual pages that summarize the interface for each function +in the library: +
+ +pcre_compile | +Compile a regular expression |
pcre_compile2 | +Compile a regular expression (alternate interface) |
pcre_config | +Show build-time configuration options |
pcre_copy_named_substring | +Extract named substring into given buffer |
pcre_copy_substring | +Extract numbered substring into given buffer |
pcre_dfa_exec | +Match a compiled pattern to a subject string + (DFA algorithm; not Perl compatible) |
pcre_exec | +Match a compiled pattern to a subject string + (Perl compatible) |
pcre_free_substring | +Free extracted substring |
pcre_free_substring_list | +Free list of extracted substrings |
pcre_fullinfo | +Extract information about a pattern |
pcre_get_named_substring | +Extract named substring into new memory |
pcre_get_stringnumber | +Convert captured string name to number |
pcre_get_substring | +Extract numbered substring into new memory |
pcre_get_substring_list | +Extract all substrings into new memory |
pcre_info | +Obsolete information extraction function |
pcre_maketables | +Build character tables in current locale |
pcre_refcount | +Maintain reference count in compiled pattern |
pcre_study | +Study a compiled pattern |
pcre_version | +Return PCRE version and release date |
+Return to the PCRE index page. +
+
+This page is part of the PCRE HTML documentation. It was generated automatically
+from the original man page. If there is any nonsense in it, please consult the
+man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
+
+
+pcre-config [--prefix] [--exec-prefix] [--version] [--libs] +[--libs-posix] [--cflags] [--cflags-posix] +
++pcre-config returns the configuration of the installed PCRE +libraries and the options required to compile a program to use them. +
++--prefix +Writes the directory prefix used in the PCRE installation for architecture +independent files (/usr on many systems, /usr/local on some +systems) to the standard output. +
++--exec-prefix +Writes the directory prefix used in the PCRE installation for architecture +dependent files (normally the same as --prefix) to the standard output. +
++--version +Writes the version number of the installed PCRE libraries to the standard +output. +
++--libs +Writes to the standard output the command line options required to link +with PCRE (-lpcre on many systems). +
++--libs-posix +Writes to the standard output the command line options required to link with +the PCRE posix emulation library (-lpcreposix -lpcre on many +systems). +
++--cflags +Writes to the standard output the command line options required to compile +files that use PCRE (this may include some -I options, but is blank on +many systems). +
++--cflags-posix +Writes to the standard output the command line options required to compile +files that use the PCRE posix emulation library (this may include some -I +options, but is blank on many systems). +
++pcre(3) +
++This manual page was originally written by Mark Baker for the Debian GNU/Linux +system. It has been slightly revised as a generic PCRE man page. +
+
+Last updated: 18 April 2007
+
+
+Return to the PCRE index page. +
diff --git a/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre.html b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8ea03a167f --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre.html @@ -0,0 +1,307 @@ + + ++Return to the PCRE index page. +
+
+This page is part of the PCRE HTML documentation. It was generated automatically
+from the original man page. If there is any nonsense in it, please consult the
+man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
+
+
+The PCRE library is a set of functions that implement regular expression +pattern matching using the same syntax and semantics as Perl, with just a few +differences. Some features that appeared in Python and PCRE before they +appeared in Perl are also available using the Python syntax, there is some +support for one or two .NET and Oniguruma syntax items, and there is an option +for requesting some minor changes that give better JavaScript compatibility. +
++The current implementation of PCRE corresponds approximately with Perl 5.10, +including support for UTF-8 encoded strings and Unicode general category +properties. However, UTF-8 and Unicode support has to be explicitly enabled; it +is not the default. The Unicode tables correspond to Unicode release 5.1. +
++In addition to the Perl-compatible matching function, PCRE contains an +alternative function that matches the same compiled patterns in a different +way. In certain circumstances, the alternative function has some advantages. +For a discussion of the two matching algorithms, see the +pcrematching +page. +
++PCRE is written in C and released as a C library. A number of people have +written wrappers and interfaces of various kinds. In particular, Google Inc. +have provided a comprehensive C++ wrapper. This is now included as part of the +PCRE distribution. The +pcrecpp +page has details of this interface. Other people's contributions can be found +in the Contrib directory at the primary FTP site, which is: +ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre +
++Details of exactly which Perl regular expression features are and are not +supported by PCRE are given in separate documents. See the +pcrepattern +and +pcrecompat +pages. There is a syntax summary in the +pcresyntax +page. +
++Some features of PCRE can be included, excluded, or changed when the library is +built. The +pcre_config() +function makes it possible for a client to discover which features are +available. The features themselves are described in the +pcrebuild +page. Documentation about building PCRE for various operating systems can be +found in the README and NON-UNIX-USE files in the source +distribution. +
++The library contains a number of undocumented internal functions and data +tables that are used by more than one of the exported external functions, but +which are not intended for use by external callers. Their names all begin with +"_pcre_", which hopefully will not provoke any name clashes. In some +environments, it is possible to control which external symbols are exported +when a shared library is built, and in these cases the undocumented symbols are +not exported. +
++The user documentation for PCRE comprises a number of different sections. In +the "man" format, each of these is a separate "man page". In the HTML format, +each is a separate page, linked from the index page. In the plain text format, +all the sections, except the pcredemo section, are concatenated, for ease +of searching. The sections are as follows: +
+ pcre this document + pcre-config show PCRE installation configuration information + pcreapi details of PCRE's native C API + pcrebuild options for building PCRE + pcrecallout details of the callout feature + pcrecompat discussion of Perl compatibility + pcrecpp details of the C++ wrapper + pcredemo a demonstration C program that uses PCRE + pcregrep description of the pcregrep command + pcrematching discussion of the two matching algorithms + pcrepartial details of the partial matching facility + pcrepattern syntax and semantics of supported regular expressions + pcreperform discussion of performance issues + pcreposix the POSIX-compatible C API + pcreprecompile details of saving and re-using precompiled patterns + pcresample discussion of the pcredemo program + pcrestack discussion of stack usage + pcresyntax quick syntax reference + pcretest description of the pcretest testing command ++In addition, in the "man" and HTML formats, there is a short page for each +C library function, listing its arguments and results. + +
+There are some size limitations in PCRE but it is hoped that they will never in +practice be relevant. +
++The maximum length of a compiled pattern is 65539 (sic) bytes if PCRE is +compiled with the default internal linkage size of 2. If you want to process +regular expressions that are truly enormous, you can compile PCRE with an +internal linkage size of 3 or 4 (see the README file in the source +distribution and the +pcrebuild +documentation for details). In these cases the limit is substantially larger. +However, the speed of execution is slower. +
++All values in repeating quantifiers must be less than 65536. +
++There is no limit to the number of parenthesized subpatterns, but there can be +no more than 65535 capturing subpatterns. +
++The maximum length of name for a named subpattern is 32 characters, and the +maximum number of named subpatterns is 10000. +
++The maximum length of a subject string is the largest positive number that an +integer variable can hold. However, when using the traditional matching +function, PCRE uses recursion to handle subpatterns and indefinite repetition. +This means that the available stack space may limit the size of a subject +string that can be processed by certain patterns. For a discussion of stack +issues, see the +pcrestack +documentation. +
++From release 3.3, PCRE has had some support for character strings encoded in +the UTF-8 format. For release 4.0 this was greatly extended to cover most +common requirements, and in release 5.0 additional support for Unicode general +category properties was added. +
++In order process UTF-8 strings, you must build PCRE to include UTF-8 support in +the code, and, in addition, you must call +pcre_compile() +with the PCRE_UTF8 option flag, or the pattern must start with the sequence +(*UTF8). When either of these is the case, both the pattern and any subject +strings that are matched against it are treated as UTF-8 strings instead of +strings of 1-byte characters. +
++If you compile PCRE with UTF-8 support, but do not use it at run time, the +library will be a bit bigger, but the additional run time overhead is limited +to testing the PCRE_UTF8 flag occasionally, so should not be very big. +
++If PCRE is built with Unicode character property support (which implies UTF-8 +support), the escape sequences \p{..}, \P{..}, and \X are supported. +The available properties that can be tested are limited to the general +category properties such as Lu for an upper case letter or Nd for a decimal +number, the Unicode script names such as Arabic or Han, and the derived +properties Any and L&. A full list is given in the +pcrepattern +documentation. Only the short names for properties are supported. For example, +\p{L} matches a letter. Its Perl synonym, \p{Letter}, is not supported. +Furthermore, in Perl, many properties may optionally be prefixed by "Is", for +compatibility with Perl 5.6. PCRE does not support this. +
++When you set the PCRE_UTF8 flag, the strings passed as patterns and subjects +are (by default) checked for validity on entry to the relevant functions. From +release 7.3 of PCRE, the check is according the rules of RFC 3629, which are +themselves derived from the Unicode specification. Earlier releases of PCRE +followed the rules of RFC 2279, which allows the full range of 31-bit values (0 +to 0x7FFFFFFF). The current check allows only values in the range U+0 to +U+10FFFF, excluding U+D800 to U+DFFF. +
++The excluded code points are the "Low Surrogate Area" of Unicode, of which the +Unicode Standard says this: "The Low Surrogate Area does not contain any +character assignments, consequently no character code charts or namelists are +provided for this area. Surrogates are reserved for use with UTF-16 and then +must be used in pairs." The code points that are encoded by UTF-16 pairs are +available as independent code points in the UTF-8 encoding. (In other words, +the whole surrogate thing is a fudge for UTF-16 which unfortunately messes up +UTF-8.) +
++If an invalid UTF-8 string is passed to PCRE, an error return +(PCRE_ERROR_BADUTF8) is given. In some situations, you may already know that +your strings are valid, and therefore want to skip these checks in order to +improve performance. If you set the PCRE_NO_UTF8_CHECK flag at compile time or +at run time, PCRE assumes that the pattern or subject it is given +(respectively) contains only valid UTF-8 codes. In this case, it does not +diagnose an invalid UTF-8 string. +
++If you pass an invalid UTF-8 string when PCRE_NO_UTF8_CHECK is set, what +happens depends on why the string is invalid. If the string conforms to the +"old" definition of UTF-8 (RFC 2279), it is processed as a string of characters +in the range 0 to 0x7FFFFFFF. In other words, apart from the initial validity +test, PCRE (when in UTF-8 mode) handles strings according to the more liberal +rules of RFC 2279. However, if the string does not even conform to RFC 2279, +the result is undefined. Your program may crash. +
++If you want to process strings of values in the full range 0 to 0x7FFFFFFF, +encoded in a UTF-8-like manner as per the old RFC, you can set +PCRE_NO_UTF8_CHECK to bypass the more restrictive test. However, in this +situation, you will have to apply your own validity check. +
++1. An unbraced hexadecimal escape sequence (such as \xb3) matches a two-byte +UTF-8 character if the value is greater than 127. +
++2. Octal numbers up to \777 are recognized, and match two-byte UTF-8 +characters for values greater than \177. +
++3. Repeat quantifiers apply to complete UTF-8 characters, not to individual +bytes, for example: \x{100}{3}. +
++4. The dot metacharacter matches one UTF-8 character instead of a single byte. +
++5. The escape sequence \C can be used to match a single byte in UTF-8 mode, +but its use can lead to some strange effects. This facility is not available in +the alternative matching function, pcre_dfa_exec(). +
++6. The character escapes \b, \B, \d, \D, \s, \S, \w, and \W correctly +test characters of any code value, but the characters that PCRE recognizes as +digits, spaces, or word characters remain the same set as before, all with +values less than 256. This remains true even when PCRE includes Unicode +property support, because to do otherwise would slow down PCRE in many common +cases. If you really want to test for a wider sense of, say, "digit", you +must use Unicode property tests such as \p{Nd}. Note that this also applies to +\b, because it is defined in terms of \w and \W. +
++7. Similarly, characters that match the POSIX named character classes are all +low-valued characters. +
++8. However, the Perl 5.10 horizontal and vertical whitespace matching escapes +(\h, \H, \v, and \V) do match all the appropriate Unicode characters. +
++9. Case-insensitive matching applies only to characters whose values are less +than 128, unless PCRE is built with Unicode property support. Even when Unicode +property support is available, PCRE still uses its own character tables when +checking the case of low-valued characters, so as not to degrade performance. +The Unicode property information is used only for characters with higher +values. Even when Unicode property support is available, PCRE supports +case-insensitive matching only when there is a one-to-one mapping between a +letter's cases. There are a small number of many-to-one mappings in Unicode; +these are not supported by PCRE. +
+
+Philip Hazel
+
+University Computing Service
+
+Cambridge CB2 3QH, England.
+
+
+Putting an actual email address here seems to have been a spam magnet, so I've +taken it away. If you want to email me, use my two initials, followed by the +two digits 10, at the domain cam.ac.uk. +
+
+Last updated: 28 September 2009
+
+Copyright © 1997-2009 University of Cambridge.
+
+
+Return to the PCRE index page. +
diff --git a/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_compile.html b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_compile.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..773594fe25 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_compile.html @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ + + ++Return to the PCRE index page. +
+
+This page is part of the PCRE HTML documentation. It was generated automatically
+from the original man page. If there is any nonsense in it, please consult the
+man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+
+
+#include <pcre.h> +
++pcre *pcre_compile(const char *pattern, int options, +const char **errptr, int *erroffset, +const unsigned char *tableptr); +
++This function compiles a regular expression into an internal form. It is the +same as pcre_compile2(), except for the absence of the errorcodeptr +argument. Its arguments are: +
+ pattern A zero-terminated string containing the + regular expression to be compiled + options Zero or more option bits + errptr Where to put an error message + erroffset Offset in pattern where error was found + tableptr Pointer to character tables, or NULL to + use the built-in default ++The option bits are: +
+ PCRE_ANCHORED Force pattern anchoring + PCRE_AUTO_CALLOUT Compile automatic callouts + PCRE_BSR_ANYCRLF \R matches only CR, LF, or CRLF + PCRE_BSR_UNICODE \R matches all Unicode line endings + PCRE_CASELESS Do caseless matching + PCRE_DOLLAR_ENDONLY $ not to match newline at end + PCRE_DOTALL . matches anything including NL + PCRE_DUPNAMES Allow duplicate names for subpatterns + PCRE_EXTENDED Ignore whitespace and # comments + PCRE_EXTRA PCRE extra features + (not much use currently) + PCRE_FIRSTLINE Force matching to be before newline + PCRE_JAVASCRIPT_COMPAT JavaScript compatibility + PCRE_MULTILINE ^ and $ match newlines within data + PCRE_NEWLINE_ANY Recognize any Unicode newline sequence + PCRE_NEWLINE_ANYCRLF Recognize CR, LF, and CRLF as newline + sequences + PCRE_NEWLINE_CR Set CR as the newline sequence + PCRE_NEWLINE_CRLF Set CRLF as the newline sequence + PCRE_NEWLINE_LF Set LF as the newline sequence + PCRE_NO_AUTO_CAPTURE Disable numbered capturing paren- + theses (named ones available) + PCRE_NO_UTF8_CHECK Do not check the pattern for UTF-8 + validity (only relevant if + PCRE_UTF8 is set) + PCRE_UNGREEDY Invert greediness of quantifiers + PCRE_UTF8 Run in UTF-8 mode ++PCRE must be built with UTF-8 support in order to use PCRE_UTF8 and +PCRE_NO_UTF8_CHECK. + +
+The yield of the function is a pointer to a private data structure that +contains the compiled pattern, or NULL if an error was detected. Note that +compiling regular expressions with one version of PCRE for use with a different +version is not guaranteed to work and may cause crashes. +
++There is a complete description of the PCRE native API in the +pcreapi +page and a description of the POSIX API in the +pcreposix +page. +
+Return to the PCRE index page. +
diff --git a/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_compile2.html b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_compile2.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4e6492176e --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_compile2.html @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ + + ++Return to the PCRE index page. +
+
+This page is part of the PCRE HTML documentation. It was generated automatically
+from the original man page. If there is any nonsense in it, please consult the
+man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+
+
+#include <pcre.h> +
++pcre *pcre_compile2(const char *pattern, int options, +int *errorcodeptr, +const char **errptr, int *erroffset, +const unsigned char *tableptr); +
++This function compiles a regular expression into an internal form. It is the +same as pcre_compile(), except for the addition of the errorcodeptr +argument. The arguments are: +
++
+ pattern A zero-terminated string containing the + regular expression to be compiled + options Zero or more option bits + errorcodeptr Where to put an error code + errptr Where to put an error message + erroffset Offset in pattern where error was found + tableptr Pointer to character tables, or NULL to + use the built-in default ++The option bits are: +
+ PCRE_ANCHORED Force pattern anchoring + PCRE_AUTO_CALLOUT Compile automatic callouts + PCRE_BSR_ANYCRLF \R matches only CR, LF, or CRLF + PCRE_BSR_UNICODE \R matches all Unicode line endings + PCRE_CASELESS Do caseless matching + PCRE_DOLLAR_ENDONLY $ not to match newline at end + PCRE_DOTALL . matches anything including NL + PCRE_DUPNAMES Allow duplicate names for subpatterns + PCRE_EXTENDED Ignore whitespace and # comments + PCRE_EXTRA PCRE extra features + (not much use currently) + PCRE_FIRSTLINE Force matching to be before newline + PCRE_JAVASCRIPT_COMPAT JavaScript compatibility + PCRE_MULTILINE ^ and $ match newlines within data + PCRE_NEWLINE_ANY Recognize any Unicode newline sequence + PCRE_NEWLINE_ANYCRLF Recognize CR, LF, and CRLF as newline + sequences + PCRE_NEWLINE_CR Set CR as the newline sequence + PCRE_NEWLINE_CRLF Set CRLF as the newline sequence + PCRE_NEWLINE_LF Set LF as the newline sequence + PCRE_NO_AUTO_CAPTURE Disable numbered capturing paren- + theses (named ones available) + PCRE_NO_UTF8_CHECK Do not check the pattern for UTF-8 + validity (only relevant if + PCRE_UTF8 is set) + PCRE_UNGREEDY Invert greediness of quantifiers + PCRE_UTF8 Run in UTF-8 mode ++PCRE must be built with UTF-8 support in order to use PCRE_UTF8 and +PCRE_NO_UTF8_CHECK. + +
+The yield of the function is a pointer to a private data structure that +contains the compiled pattern, or NULL if an error was detected. Note that +compiling regular expressions with one version of PCRE for use with a different +version is not guaranteed to work and may cause crashes. +
++There is a complete description of the PCRE native API in the +pcreapi +page and a description of the POSIX API in the +pcreposix +page. +
+Return to the PCRE index page. +
diff --git a/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_config.html b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_config.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..40dee37db7 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_config.html @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ + + ++Return to the PCRE index page. +
+
+This page is part of the PCRE HTML documentation. It was generated automatically
+from the original man page. If there is any nonsense in it, please consult the
+man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+
+
+#include <pcre.h> +
++int pcre_config(int what, void *where); +
++This function makes it possible for a client program to find out which optional +features are available in the version of the PCRE library it is using. Its +arguments are as follows: +
+ what A code specifying what information is required + where Points to where to put the data ++The available codes are: +
+ PCRE_CONFIG_LINK_SIZE Internal link size: 2, 3, or 4 + PCRE_CONFIG_MATCH_LIMIT Internal resource limit + PCRE_CONFIG_MATCH_LIMIT_RECURSION + Internal recursion depth limit + PCRE_CONFIG_NEWLINE Value of the default newline sequence: + 13 (0x000d) for CR + 10 (0x000a) for LF + 3338 (0x0d0a) for CRLF + -2 for ANYCRLF + -1 for ANY + PCRE_CONFIG_BSR Indicates what \R matches by default: + 0 all Unicode line endings + 1 CR, LF, or CRLF only + PCRE_CONFIG_POSIX_MALLOC_THRESHOLD + Threshold of return slots, above + which malloc() is used by + the POSIX API + PCRE_CONFIG_STACKRECURSE Recursion implementation (1=stack 0=heap) + PCRE_CONFIG_UTF8 Availability of UTF-8 support (1=yes 0=no) + PCRE_CONFIG_UNICODE_PROPERTIES + Availability of Unicode property support + (1=yes 0=no) ++The function yields 0 on success or PCRE_ERROR_BADOPTION otherwise. + +
+There is a complete description of the PCRE native API in the +pcreapi +page and a description of the POSIX API in the +pcreposix +page. +
+Return to the PCRE index page. +
diff --git a/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_copy_named_substring.html b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_copy_named_substring.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2185518c8a --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_copy_named_substring.html @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ + + ++Return to the PCRE index page. +
+
+This page is part of the PCRE HTML documentation. It was generated automatically
+from the original man page. If there is any nonsense in it, please consult the
+man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+
+
+#include <pcre.h> +
++int pcre_copy_named_substring(const pcre *code, +const char *subject, int *ovector, +int stringcount, const char *stringname, +char *buffer, int buffersize); +
++This is a convenience function for extracting a captured substring, identified +by name, into a given buffer. The arguments are: +
+ code Pattern that was successfully matched + subject Subject that has been successfully matched + ovector Offset vector that pcre_exec() used + stringcount Value returned by pcre_exec() + stringname Name of the required substring + buffer Buffer to receive the string + buffersize Size of buffer ++The yield is the length of the substring, PCRE_ERROR_NOMEMORY if the buffer was +too small, or PCRE_ERROR_NOSUBSTRING if the string name is invalid. + +
+There is a complete description of the PCRE native API in the +pcreapi +page and a description of the POSIX API in the +pcreposix +page. +
+Return to the PCRE index page. +
diff --git a/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_copy_substring.html b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_copy_substring.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b7d23417d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_copy_substring.html @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ + + ++Return to the PCRE index page. +
+
+This page is part of the PCRE HTML documentation. It was generated automatically
+from the original man page. If there is any nonsense in it, please consult the
+man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+
+
+#include <pcre.h> +
++int pcre_copy_substring(const char *subject, int *ovector, +int stringcount, int stringnumber, char *buffer, +int buffersize); +
++This is a convenience function for extracting a captured substring into a given +buffer. The arguments are: +
+ subject Subject that has been successfully matched + ovector Offset vector that pcre_exec() used + stringcount Value returned by pcre_exec() + stringnumber Number of the required substring + buffer Buffer to receive the string + buffersize Size of buffer ++The yield is the length of the string, PCRE_ERROR_NOMEMORY if the buffer was +too small, or PCRE_ERROR_NOSUBSTRING if the string number is invalid. + +
+There is a complete description of the PCRE native API in the +pcreapi +page and a description of the POSIX API in the +pcreposix +page. +
+Return to the PCRE index page. +
diff --git a/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_dfa_exec.html b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_dfa_exec.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..663c247d11 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_dfa_exec.html @@ -0,0 +1,105 @@ + + ++Return to the PCRE index page. +
+
+This page is part of the PCRE HTML documentation. It was generated automatically
+from the original man page. If there is any nonsense in it, please consult the
+man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+
+
+#include <pcre.h> +
++int pcre_dfa_exec(const pcre *code, const pcre_extra *extra, +const char *subject, int length, int startoffset, +int options, int *ovector, int ovecsize, +int *workspace, int wscount); +
++This function matches a compiled regular expression against a given subject +string, using an alternative matching algorithm that scans the subject string +just once (not Perl-compatible). Note that the main, Perl-compatible, +matching function is pcre_exec(). The arguments for this function are: +
+ code Points to the compiled pattern + extra Points to an associated pcre_extra structure, + or is NULL + subject Points to the subject string + length Length of the subject string, in bytes + startoffset Offset in bytes in the subject at which to + start matching + options Option bits + ovector Points to a vector of ints for result offsets + ovecsize Number of elements in the vector + workspace Points to a vector of ints used as working space + wscount Number of elements in the vector ++The options are: +
+ PCRE_ANCHORED Match only at the first position + PCRE_BSR_ANYCRLF \R matches only CR, LF, or CRLF + PCRE_BSR_UNICODE \R matches all Unicode line endings + PCRE_NEWLINE_ANY Recognize any Unicode newline sequence + PCRE_NEWLINE_ANYCRLF Recognize CR, LF, & CRLF as newline sequences + PCRE_NEWLINE_CR Recognize CR as the only newline sequence + PCRE_NEWLINE_CRLF Recognize CRLF as the only newline sequence + PCRE_NEWLINE_LF Recognize LF as the only newline sequence + PCRE_NOTBOL Subject is not the beginning of a line + PCRE_NOTEOL Subject is not the end of a line + PCRE_NOTEMPTY An empty string is not a valid match + PCRE_NOTEMPTY_ATSTART An empty string at the start of the subject + is not a valid match + PCRE_NO_START_OPTIMIZE Do not do "start-match" optimizations + PCRE_NO_UTF8_CHECK Do not check the subject for UTF-8 + validity (only relevant if PCRE_UTF8 + was set at compile time) + PCRE_PARTIAL ) Return PCRE_ERROR_PARTIAL for a partial + PCRE_PARTIAL_SOFT ) match if no full matches are found + PCRE_PARTIAL_HARD Return PCRE_ERROR_PARTIAL for a partial match + even if there is a full match as well + PCRE_DFA_SHORTEST Return only the shortest match + PCRE_DFA_RESTART Restart after a partial match ++There are restrictions on what may appear in a pattern when using this matching +function. Details are given in the +pcrematching +documentation. For details of partial matching, see the +pcrepartial +page. + +
+A pcre_extra structure contains the following fields: +
+ flags Bits indicating which fields are set + study_data Opaque data from pcre_study() + match_limit Limit on internal resource use + match_limit_recursion Limit on internal recursion depth + callout_data Opaque data passed back to callouts + tables Points to character tables or is NULL ++The flag bits are PCRE_EXTRA_STUDY_DATA, PCRE_EXTRA_MATCH_LIMIT, +PCRE_EXTRA_MATCH_LIMIT_RECURSION, PCRE_EXTRA_CALLOUT_DATA, and +PCRE_EXTRA_TABLES. For this matching function, the match_limit and +match_limit_recursion fields are not used, and must not be set. + +
+There is a complete description of the PCRE native API in the +pcreapi +page and a description of the POSIX API in the +pcreposix +page. +
+Return to the PCRE index page. +
diff --git a/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_exec.html b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_exec.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cee8bf4da2 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_exec.html @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ + + ++Return to the PCRE index page. +
+
+This page is part of the PCRE HTML documentation. It was generated automatically
+from the original man page. If there is any nonsense in it, please consult the
+man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+
+
+#include <pcre.h> +
++int pcre_exec(const pcre *code, const pcre_extra *extra, +const char *subject, int length, int startoffset, +int options, int *ovector, int ovecsize); +
++This function matches a compiled regular expression against a given subject +string, using a matching algorithm that is similar to Perl's. It returns +offsets to captured substrings. Its arguments are: +
+ code Points to the compiled pattern + extra Points to an associated pcre_extra structure, + or is NULL + subject Points to the subject string + length Length of the subject string, in bytes + startoffset Offset in bytes in the subject at which to + start matching + options Option bits + ovector Points to a vector of ints for result offsets + ovecsize Number of elements in the vector (a multiple of 3) ++The options are: +
+ PCRE_ANCHORED Match only at the first position + PCRE_BSR_ANYCRLF \R matches only CR, LF, or CRLF + PCRE_BSR_UNICODE \R matches all Unicode line endings + PCRE_NEWLINE_ANY Recognize any Unicode newline sequence + PCRE_NEWLINE_ANYCRLF Recognize CR, LF, & CRLF as newline sequences + PCRE_NEWLINE_CR Recognize CR as the only newline sequence + PCRE_NEWLINE_CRLF Recognize CRLF as the only newline sequence + PCRE_NEWLINE_LF Recognize LF as the only newline sequence + PCRE_NOTBOL Subject string is not the beginning of a line + PCRE_NOTEOL Subject string is not the end of a line + PCRE_NOTEMPTY An empty string is not a valid match + PCRE_NOTEMPTY_ATSTART An empty string at the start of the subject + is not a valid match + PCRE_NO_START_OPTIMIZE Do not do "start-match" optimizations + PCRE_NO_UTF8_CHECK Do not check the subject for UTF-8 + validity (only relevant if PCRE_UTF8 + was set at compile time) + PCRE_PARTIAL ) Return PCRE_ERROR_PARTIAL for a partial + PCRE_PARTIAL_SOFT ) match if no full matches are found + PCRE_PARTIAL_HARD Return PCRE_ERROR_PARTIAL for a partial match + even if there is a full match as well ++For details of partial matching, see the +pcrepartial +page. A pcre_extra structure contains the following fields: +
+ flags Bits indicating which fields are set + study_data Opaque data from pcre_study() + match_limit Limit on internal resource use + match_limit_recursion Limit on internal recursion depth + callout_data Opaque data passed back to callouts + tables Points to character tables or is NULL ++The flag bits are PCRE_EXTRA_STUDY_DATA, PCRE_EXTRA_MATCH_LIMIT, +PCRE_EXTRA_MATCH_LIMIT_RECURSION, PCRE_EXTRA_CALLOUT_DATA, and +PCRE_EXTRA_TABLES. + +
+There is a complete description of the PCRE native API in the +pcreapi +page and a description of the POSIX API in the +pcreposix +page. +
+Return to the PCRE index page. +
diff --git a/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_free_substring.html b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_free_substring.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fe6261474c --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_free_substring.html @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ + + ++Return to the PCRE index page. +
+
+This page is part of the PCRE HTML documentation. It was generated automatically
+from the original man page. If there is any nonsense in it, please consult the
+man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+
+
+#include <pcre.h> +
++void pcre_free_substring(const char *stringptr); +
++This is a convenience function for freeing the store obtained by a previous +call to pcre_get_substring() or pcre_get_named_substring(). Its +only argument is a pointer to the string. +
++There is a complete description of the PCRE native API in the +pcreapi +page and a description of the POSIX API in the +pcreposix +page. +
+Return to the PCRE index page. +
diff --git a/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_free_substring_list.html b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_free_substring_list.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a92c9603f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_free_substring_list.html @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ + + ++Return to the PCRE index page. +
+
+This page is part of the PCRE HTML documentation. It was generated automatically
+from the original man page. If there is any nonsense in it, please consult the
+man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+
+
+#include <pcre.h> +
++void pcre_free_substring_list(const char **stringptr); +
++This is a convenience function for freeing the store obtained by a previous +call to pcre_get_substring_list(). Its only argument is a pointer to the +list of string pointers. +
++There is a complete description of the PCRE native API in the +pcreapi +page and a description of the POSIX API in the +pcreposix +page. +
+Return to the PCRE index page. +
diff --git a/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_fullinfo.html b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_fullinfo.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..36487facf9 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_fullinfo.html @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ + + ++Return to the PCRE index page. +
+
+This page is part of the PCRE HTML documentation. It was generated automatically
+from the original man page. If there is any nonsense in it, please consult the
+man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+
+
+#include <pcre.h> +
++int pcre_fullinfo(const pcre *code, const pcre_extra *extra, +int what, void *where); +
++This function returns information about a compiled pattern. Its arguments are: +
+ code Compiled regular expression + extra Result of pcre_study() or NULL + what What information is required + where Where to put the information ++The following information is available: +
+ PCRE_INFO_BACKREFMAX Number of highest back reference + PCRE_INFO_CAPTURECOUNT Number of capturing subpatterns + PCRE_INFO_DEFAULT_TABLES Pointer to default tables + PCRE_INFO_FIRSTBYTE Fixed first byte for a match, or + -1 for start of string + or after newline, or + -2 otherwise + PCRE_INFO_FIRSTTABLE Table of first bytes (after studying) + PCRE_INFO_JCHANGED Return 1 if (?J) or (?-J) was used + PCRE_INFO_LASTLITERAL Literal last byte required + PCRE_INFO_MINLENGTH Lower bound length of matching strings + PCRE_INFO_NAMECOUNT Number of named subpatterns + PCRE_INFO_NAMEENTRYSIZE Size of name table entry + PCRE_INFO_NAMETABLE Pointer to name table + PCRE_INFO_OKPARTIAL Return 1 if partial matching can be tried + (always returns 1 after release 8.00) + PCRE_INFO_OPTIONS Option bits used for compilation + PCRE_INFO_SIZE Size of compiled pattern + PCRE_INFO_STUDYSIZE Size of study data ++The yield of the function is zero on success or: +
+ PCRE_ERROR_NULL the argument code was NULL + the argument where was NULL + PCRE_ERROR_BADMAGIC the "magic number" was not found + PCRE_ERROR_BADOPTION the value of what was invalid ++ +
+There is a complete description of the PCRE native API in the +pcreapi +page and a description of the POSIX API in the +pcreposix +page. +
+Return to the PCRE index page. +
diff --git a/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_get_named_substring.html b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_get_named_substring.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..24dc058260 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_get_named_substring.html @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ + + ++Return to the PCRE index page. +
+
+This page is part of the PCRE HTML documentation. It was generated automatically
+from the original man page. If there is any nonsense in it, please consult the
+man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+
+
+#include <pcre.h> +
++int pcre_get_named_substring(const pcre *code, +const char *subject, int *ovector, +int stringcount, const char *stringname, +const char **stringptr); +
++This is a convenience function for extracting a captured substring by name. The +arguments are: +
+ code Compiled pattern + subject Subject that has been successfully matched + ovector Offset vector that pcre_exec() used + stringcount Value returned by pcre_exec() + stringname Name of the required substring + stringptr Where to put the string pointer ++The memory in which the substring is placed is obtained by calling +pcre_malloc(). The convenience function pcre_free_substring() can +be used to free it when it is no longer needed. The yield of the function is +the length of the extracted substring, PCRE_ERROR_NOMEMORY if sufficient memory +could not be obtained, or PCRE_ERROR_NOSUBSTRING if the string name is invalid. + +
+There is a complete description of the PCRE native API in the +pcreapi +page and a description of the POSIX API in the +pcreposix +page. +
+Return to the PCRE index page. +
diff --git a/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_get_stringnumber.html b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_get_stringnumber.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..43af3aaed8 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_get_stringnumber.html @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ + + ++Return to the PCRE index page. +
+
+This page is part of the PCRE HTML documentation. It was generated automatically
+from the original man page. If there is any nonsense in it, please consult the
+man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+
+
+#include <pcre.h> +
++int pcre_get_stringnumber(const pcre *code, +const char *name); +
++This convenience function finds the number of a named substring capturing +parenthesis in a compiled pattern. Its arguments are: +
+ code Compiled regular expression + name Name whose number is required ++The yield of the function is the number of the parenthesis if the name is +found, or PCRE_ERROR_NOSUBSTRING otherwise. When duplicate names are allowed +(PCRE_DUPNAMES is set), it is not defined which of the numbers is returned by +pcre_get_stringnumber(). You can obtain the complete list by calling +pcre_get_stringtable_entries(). + +
+There is a complete description of the PCRE native API in the +pcreapi +page and a description of the POSIX API in the +pcreposix +page. +
+Return to the PCRE index page. +
diff --git a/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_get_stringtable_entries.html b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_get_stringtable_entries.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..dc20ffd22c --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_get_stringtable_entries.html @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ + + ++Return to the PCRE index page. +
+
+This page is part of the PCRE HTML documentation. It was generated automatically
+from the original man page. If there is any nonsense in it, please consult the
+man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+
+
+#include <pcre.h> +
++int pcre_get_stringtable_entries(const pcre *code, +const char *name, char **first, char **last); +
++This convenience function finds, for a compiled pattern, the first and last +entries for a given name in the table that translates capturing parenthesis +names into numbers. When names are required to be unique (PCRE_DUPNAMES is +not set), it is usually easier to use pcre_get_stringnumber() +instead. +
+ code Compiled regular expression + name Name whose entries required + first Where to return a pointer to the first entry + last Where to return a pointer to the last entry ++The yield of the function is the length of each entry, or +PCRE_ERROR_NOSUBSTRING if none are found. + +
+There is a complete description of the PCRE native API, including the format of +the table entries, in the +pcreapi +page, and a description of the POSIX API in the +pcreposix +page. +
+Return to the PCRE index page. +
diff --git a/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_get_substring.html b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_get_substring.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9b40e4dfed --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_get_substring.html @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ + + ++Return to the PCRE index page. +
+
+This page is part of the PCRE HTML documentation. It was generated automatically
+from the original man page. If there is any nonsense in it, please consult the
+man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+
+
+#include <pcre.h> +
++int pcre_get_substring(const char *subject, int *ovector, +int stringcount, int stringnumber, +const char **stringptr); +
++This is a convenience function for extracting a captured substring. The +arguments are: +
+ subject Subject that has been successfully matched + ovector Offset vector that pcre_exec() used + stringcount Value returned by pcre_exec() + stringnumber Number of the required substring + stringptr Where to put the string pointer ++The memory in which the substring is placed is obtained by calling +pcre_malloc(). The convenience function pcre_free_substring() can +be used to free it when it is no longer needed. The yield of the function is +the length of the substring, PCRE_ERROR_NOMEMORY if sufficient memory could not +be obtained, or PCRE_ERROR_NOSUBSTRING if the string number is invalid. + +
+There is a complete description of the PCRE native API in the +pcreapi +page and a description of the POSIX API in the +pcreposix +page. +
+Return to the PCRE index page. +
diff --git a/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_get_substring_list.html b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_get_substring_list.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..617a3151d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_get_substring_list.html @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ + + ++Return to the PCRE index page. +
+
+This page is part of the PCRE HTML documentation. It was generated automatically
+from the original man page. If there is any nonsense in it, please consult the
+man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+
+
+#include <pcre.h> +
++int pcre_get_substring_list(const char *subject, +int *ovector, int stringcount, const char ***listptr); +
++This is a convenience function for extracting a list of all the captured +substrings. The arguments are: +
+ subject Subject that has been successfully matched + ovector Offset vector that pcre_exec used + stringcount Value returned by pcre_exec + listptr Where to put a pointer to the list ++The memory in which the substrings and the list are placed is obtained by +calling pcre_malloc(). The convenience function +pcre_free_substring_list() can be used to free it when it is no longer +needed. A pointer to a list of pointers is put in the variable whose address is +in listptr. The list is terminated by a NULL pointer. The yield of the +function is zero on success or PCRE_ERROR_NOMEMORY if sufficient memory could +not be obtained. + +
+There is a complete description of the PCRE native API in the +pcreapi +page and a description of the POSIX API in the +pcreposix +page. +
+Return to the PCRE index page. +
diff --git a/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_info.html b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_info.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6693ffee6c --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_info.html @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ + + ++Return to the PCRE index page. +
+
+This page is part of the PCRE HTML documentation. It was generated automatically
+from the original man page. If there is any nonsense in it, please consult the
+man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+
+
+#include <pcre.h> +
++int pcre_info(const pcre *code, int *optptr, int +*firstcharptr); +
++This function is obsolete. You should be using pcre_fullinfo() instead. +
++There is a complete description of the PCRE native API in the +pcreapi +page and a description of the POSIX API in the +pcreposix +page. +
+Return to the PCRE index page. +
diff --git a/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_maketables.html b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_maketables.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cf8d69ecfd --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_maketables.html @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ + + ++Return to the PCRE index page. +
+
+This page is part of the PCRE HTML documentation. It was generated automatically
+from the original man page. If there is any nonsense in it, please consult the
+man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+
+
+#include <pcre.h> +
++const unsigned char *pcre_maketables(void); +
++This function builds a set of character tables for character values less than +256. These can be passed to pcre_compile() to override PCRE's internal, +built-in tables (which were made by pcre_maketables() when PCRE was +compiled). You might want to do this if you are using a non-standard locale. +The function yields a pointer to the tables. +
++There is a complete description of the PCRE native API in the +pcreapi +page and a description of the POSIX API in the +pcreposix +page. +
+Return to the PCRE index page. +
diff --git a/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_refcount.html b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_refcount.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b748df2f1d --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_refcount.html @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ + + ++Return to the PCRE index page. +
+
+This page is part of the PCRE HTML documentation. It was generated automatically
+from the original man page. If there is any nonsense in it, please consult the
+man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+
+
+#include <pcre.h> +
++int pcre_refcount(pcre *code, int adjust); +
++This function is used to maintain a reference count inside a data block that +contains a compiled pattern. Its arguments are: +
+ code Compiled regular expression + adjust Adjustment to reference value ++The yield of the function is the adjusted reference value, which is constrained +to lie between 0 and 65535. + +
+There is a complete description of the PCRE native API in the +pcreapi +page and a description of the POSIX API in the +pcreposix +page. +
+Return to the PCRE index page. +
diff --git a/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_study.html b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_study.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d290420e54 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_study.html @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ + + ++Return to the PCRE index page. +
+
+This page is part of the PCRE HTML documentation. It was generated automatically
+from the original man page. If there is any nonsense in it, please consult the
+man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+
+
+#include <pcre.h> +
++pcre_extra *pcre_study(const pcre *code, int options, +const char **errptr); +
++This function studies a compiled pattern, to see if additional information can +be extracted that might speed up matching. Its arguments are: +
+ code A compiled regular expression + options Options for pcre_study() + errptr Where to put an error message ++If the function succeeds, it returns a value that can be passed to +pcre_exec() via its extra argument. + +
+If the function returns NULL, either it could not find any additional +information, or there was an error. You can tell the difference by looking at +the error value. It is NULL in first case. +
++There are currently no options defined; the value of the second argument should +always be zero. +
++There is a complete description of the PCRE native API in the +pcreapi +page and a description of the POSIX API in the +pcreposix +page. +
+Return to the PCRE index page. +
diff --git a/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_version.html b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_version.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7bc8f8653e --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcre_version.html @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ + + ++Return to the PCRE index page. +
+
+This page is part of the PCRE HTML documentation. It was generated automatically
+from the original man page. If there is any nonsense in it, please consult the
+man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+
+
+#include <pcre.h> +
++char *pcre_version(void); +
++This function returns a character string that gives the version number of the +PCRE library and the date of its release. +
++There is a complete description of the PCRE native API in the +pcreapi +page and a description of the POSIX API in the +pcreposix +page. +
+Return to the PCRE index page. +
diff --git a/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcreapi.html b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcreapi.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..126a5d21ce --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcreapi.html @@ -0,0 +1,2076 @@ + + ++Return to the PCRE index page. +
+
+This page is part of the PCRE HTML documentation. It was generated automatically
+from the original man page. If there is any nonsense in it, please consult the
+man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
+
+
+#include <pcre.h> +
++pcre *pcre_compile(const char *pattern, int options, +const char **errptr, int *erroffset, +const unsigned char *tableptr); +
++pcre *pcre_compile2(const char *pattern, int options, +int *errorcodeptr, +const char **errptr, int *erroffset, +const unsigned char *tableptr); +
++pcre_extra *pcre_study(const pcre *code, int options, +const char **errptr); +
++int pcre_exec(const pcre *code, const pcre_extra *extra, +const char *subject, int length, int startoffset, +int options, int *ovector, int ovecsize); +
++int pcre_dfa_exec(const pcre *code, const pcre_extra *extra, +const char *subject, int length, int startoffset, +int options, int *ovector, int ovecsize, +int *workspace, int wscount); +
++int pcre_copy_named_substring(const pcre *code, +const char *subject, int *ovector, +int stringcount, const char *stringname, +char *buffer, int buffersize); +
++int pcre_copy_substring(const char *subject, int *ovector, +int stringcount, int stringnumber, char *buffer, +int buffersize); +
++int pcre_get_named_substring(const pcre *code, +const char *subject, int *ovector, +int stringcount, const char *stringname, +const char **stringptr); +
++int pcre_get_stringnumber(const pcre *code, +const char *name); +
++int pcre_get_stringtable_entries(const pcre *code, +const char *name, char **first, char **last); +
++int pcre_get_substring(const char *subject, int *ovector, +int stringcount, int stringnumber, +const char **stringptr); +
++int pcre_get_substring_list(const char *subject, +int *ovector, int stringcount, const char ***listptr); +
++void pcre_free_substring(const char *stringptr); +
++void pcre_free_substring_list(const char **stringptr); +
++const unsigned char *pcre_maketables(void); +
++int pcre_fullinfo(const pcre *code, const pcre_extra *extra, +int what, void *where); +
++int pcre_info(const pcre *code, int *optptr, int +*firstcharptr); +
++int pcre_refcount(pcre *code, int adjust); +
++int pcre_config(int what, void *where); +
++char *pcre_version(void); +
++void *(*pcre_malloc)(size_t); +
++void (*pcre_free)(void *); +
++void *(*pcre_stack_malloc)(size_t); +
++void (*pcre_stack_free)(void *); +
++int (*pcre_callout)(pcre_callout_block *); +
++PCRE has its own native API, which is described in this document. There are +also some wrapper functions that correspond to the POSIX regular expression +API. These are described in the +pcreposix +documentation. Both of these APIs define a set of C function calls. A C++ +wrapper is distributed with PCRE. It is documented in the +pcrecpp +page. +
++The native API C function prototypes are defined in the header file +pcre.h, and on Unix systems the library itself is called libpcre. +It can normally be accessed by adding -lpcre to the command for linking +an application that uses PCRE. The header file defines the macros PCRE_MAJOR +and PCRE_MINOR to contain the major and minor release numbers for the library. +Applications can use these to include support for different releases of PCRE. +
++The functions pcre_compile(), pcre_compile2(), pcre_study(), +and pcre_exec() are used for compiling and matching regular expressions +in a Perl-compatible manner. A sample program that demonstrates the simplest +way of using them is provided in the file called pcredemo.c in the PCRE +source distribution. A listing of this program is given in the +pcredemo +documentation, and the +pcresample +documentation describes how to compile and run it. +
++A second matching function, pcre_dfa_exec(), which is not +Perl-compatible, is also provided. This uses a different algorithm for the +matching. The alternative algorithm finds all possible matches (at a given +point in the subject), and scans the subject just once (unless there are +lookbehind assertions). However, this algorithm does not return captured +substrings. A description of the two matching algorithms and their advantages +and disadvantages is given in the +pcrematching +documentation. +
++In addition to the main compiling and matching functions, there are convenience +functions for extracting captured substrings from a subject string that is +matched by pcre_exec(). They are: +
+ pcre_copy_substring() + pcre_copy_named_substring() + pcre_get_substring() + pcre_get_named_substring() + pcre_get_substring_list() + pcre_get_stringnumber() + pcre_get_stringtable_entries() ++pcre_free_substring() and pcre_free_substring_list() are also +provided, to free the memory used for extracted strings. + +
+The function pcre_maketables() is used to build a set of character tables +in the current locale for passing to pcre_compile(), pcre_exec(), +or pcre_dfa_exec(). This is an optional facility that is provided for +specialist use. Most commonly, no special tables are passed, in which case +internal tables that are generated when PCRE is built are used. +
++The function pcre_fullinfo() is used to find out information about a +compiled pattern; pcre_info() is an obsolete version that returns only +some of the available information, but is retained for backwards compatibility. +The function pcre_version() returns a pointer to a string containing the +version of PCRE and its date of release. +
++The function pcre_refcount() maintains a reference count in a data block +containing a compiled pattern. This is provided for the benefit of +object-oriented applications. +
++The global variables pcre_malloc and pcre_free initially contain +the entry points of the standard malloc() and free() functions, +respectively. PCRE calls the memory management functions via these variables, +so a calling program can replace them if it wishes to intercept the calls. This +should be done before calling any PCRE functions. +
++The global variables pcre_stack_malloc and pcre_stack_free are also +indirections to memory management functions. These special functions are used +only when PCRE is compiled to use the heap for remembering data, instead of +recursive function calls, when running the pcre_exec() function. See the +pcrebuild +documentation for details of how to do this. It is a non-standard way of +building PCRE, for use in environments that have limited stacks. Because of the +greater use of memory management, it runs more slowly. Separate functions are +provided so that special-purpose external code can be used for this case. When +used, these functions are always called in a stack-like manner (last obtained, +first freed), and always for memory blocks of the same size. There is a +discussion about PCRE's stack usage in the +pcrestack +documentation. +
++The global variable pcre_callout initially contains NULL. It can be set +by the caller to a "callout" function, which PCRE will then call at specified +points during a matching operation. Details are given in the +pcrecallout +documentation. +
++PCRE supports five different conventions for indicating line breaks in +strings: a single CR (carriage return) character, a single LF (linefeed) +character, the two-character sequence CRLF, any of the three preceding, or any +Unicode newline sequence. The Unicode newline sequences are the three just +mentioned, plus the single characters VT (vertical tab, U+000B), FF (formfeed, +U+000C), NEL (next line, U+0085), LS (line separator, U+2028), and PS +(paragraph separator, U+2029). +
++Each of the first three conventions is used by at least one operating system as +its standard newline sequence. When PCRE is built, a default can be specified. +The default default is LF, which is the Unix standard. When PCRE is run, the +default can be overridden, either when a pattern is compiled, or when it is +matched. +
++At compile time, the newline convention can be specified by the options +argument of pcre_compile(), or it can be specified by special text at the +start of the pattern itself; this overrides any other settings. See the +pcrepattern +page for details of the special character sequences. +
++In the PCRE documentation the word "newline" is used to mean "the character or +pair of characters that indicate a line break". The choice of newline +convention affects the handling of the dot, circumflex, and dollar +metacharacters, the handling of #-comments in /x mode, and, when CRLF is a +recognized line ending sequence, the match position advancement for a +non-anchored pattern. There is more detail about this in the +section on pcre_exec() options +below. +
++The choice of newline convention does not affect the interpretation of +the \n or \r escape sequences, nor does it affect what \R matches, which is +controlled in a similar way, but by separate options. +
++The PCRE functions can be used in multi-threading applications, with the +proviso that the memory management functions pointed to by pcre_malloc, +pcre_free, pcre_stack_malloc, and pcre_stack_free, and the +callout function pointed to by pcre_callout, are shared by all threads. +
++The compiled form of a regular expression is not altered during matching, so +the same compiled pattern can safely be used by several threads at once. +
++The compiled form of a regular expression can be saved and re-used at a later +time, possibly by a different program, and even on a host other than the one on +which it was compiled. Details are given in the +pcreprecompile +documentation. However, compiling a regular expression with one version of PCRE +for use with a different version is not guaranteed to work and may cause +crashes. +
++int pcre_config(int what, void *where); +
++The function pcre_config() makes it possible for a PCRE client to +discover which optional features have been compiled into the PCRE library. The +pcrebuild +documentation has more details about these optional features. +
++The first argument for pcre_config() is an integer, specifying which +information is required; the second argument is a pointer to a variable into +which the information is placed. The following information is available: +
+ PCRE_CONFIG_UTF8 ++The output is an integer that is set to one if UTF-8 support is available; +otherwise it is set to zero. +
+ PCRE_CONFIG_UNICODE_PROPERTIES ++The output is an integer that is set to one if support for Unicode character +properties is available; otherwise it is set to zero. +
+ PCRE_CONFIG_NEWLINE ++The output is an integer whose value specifies the default character sequence +that is recognized as meaning "newline". The four values that are supported +are: 10 for LF, 13 for CR, 3338 for CRLF, -2 for ANYCRLF, and -1 for ANY. +Though they are derived from ASCII, the same values are returned in EBCDIC +environments. The default should normally correspond to the standard sequence +for your operating system. +
+ PCRE_CONFIG_BSR ++The output is an integer whose value indicates what character sequences the \R +escape sequence matches by default. A value of 0 means that \R matches any +Unicode line ending sequence; a value of 1 means that \R matches only CR, LF, +or CRLF. The default can be overridden when a pattern is compiled or matched. +
+ PCRE_CONFIG_LINK_SIZE ++The output is an integer that contains the number of bytes used for internal +linkage in compiled regular expressions. The value is 2, 3, or 4. Larger values +allow larger regular expressions to be compiled, at the expense of slower +matching. The default value of 2 is sufficient for all but the most massive +patterns, since it allows the compiled pattern to be up to 64K in size. +
+ PCRE_CONFIG_POSIX_MALLOC_THRESHOLD ++The output is an integer that contains the threshold above which the POSIX +interface uses malloc() for output vectors. Further details are given in +the +pcreposix +documentation. +
+ PCRE_CONFIG_MATCH_LIMIT ++The output is a long integer that gives the default limit for the number of +internal matching function calls in a pcre_exec() execution. Further +details are given with pcre_exec() below. +
+ PCRE_CONFIG_MATCH_LIMIT_RECURSION ++The output is a long integer that gives the default limit for the depth of +recursion when calling the internal matching function in a pcre_exec() +execution. Further details are given with pcre_exec() below. +
+ PCRE_CONFIG_STACKRECURSE ++The output is an integer that is set to one if internal recursion when running +pcre_exec() is implemented by recursive function calls that use the stack +to remember their state. This is the usual way that PCRE is compiled. The +output is zero if PCRE was compiled to use blocks of data on the heap instead +of recursive function calls. In this case, pcre_stack_malloc and +pcre_stack_free are called to manage memory blocks on the heap, thus +avoiding the use of the stack. + +
+pcre *pcre_compile(const char *pattern, int options, +const char **errptr, int *erroffset, +const unsigned char *tableptr); +pcre *pcre_compile2(const char *pattern, int options, +int *errorcodeptr, +const char **errptr, int *erroffset, +const unsigned char *tableptr); +
++Either of the functions pcre_compile() or pcre_compile2() can be +called to compile a pattern into an internal form. The only difference between +the two interfaces is that pcre_compile2() has an additional argument, +errorcodeptr, via which a numerical error code can be returned. To avoid +too much repetition, we refer just to pcre_compile() below, but the +information applies equally to pcre_compile2(). +
++The pattern is a C string terminated by a binary zero, and is passed in the +pattern argument. A pointer to a single block of memory that is obtained +via pcre_malloc is returned. This contains the compiled code and related +data. The pcre type is defined for the returned block; this is a typedef +for a structure whose contents are not externally defined. It is up to the +caller to free the memory (via pcre_free) when it is no longer required. +
++Although the compiled code of a PCRE regex is relocatable, that is, it does not +depend on memory location, the complete pcre data block is not +fully relocatable, because it may contain a copy of the tableptr +argument, which is an address (see below). +
++The options argument contains various bit settings that affect the +compilation. It should be zero if no options are required. The available +options are described below. Some of them (in particular, those that are +compatible with Perl, but some others as well) can also be set and unset from +within the pattern (see the detailed description in the +pcrepattern +documentation). For those options that can be different in different parts of +the pattern, the contents of the options argument specifies their +settings at the start of compilation and execution. The PCRE_ANCHORED, +PCRE_BSR_xxx, and PCRE_NEWLINE_xxx options can be set at the time +of matching as well as at compile time. +
++If errptr is NULL, pcre_compile() returns NULL immediately. +Otherwise, if compilation of a pattern fails, pcre_compile() returns +NULL, and sets the variable pointed to by errptr to point to a textual +error message. This is a static string that is part of the library. You must +not try to free it. The byte offset from the start of the pattern to the +character that was being processed when the error was discovered is placed in +the variable pointed to by erroffset, which must not be NULL. If it is, +an immediate error is given. Some errors are not detected until checks are +carried out when the whole pattern has been scanned; in this case the offset is +set to the end of the pattern. +
++If pcre_compile2() is used instead of pcre_compile(), and the +errorcodeptr argument is not NULL, a non-zero error code number is +returned via this argument in the event of an error. This is in addition to the +textual error message. Error codes and messages are listed below. +
++If the final argument, tableptr, is NULL, PCRE uses a default set of +character tables that are built when PCRE is compiled, using the default C +locale. Otherwise, tableptr must be an address that is the result of a +call to pcre_maketables(). This value is stored with the compiled +pattern, and used again by pcre_exec(), unless another table pointer is +passed to it. For more discussion, see the section on locale support below. +
++This code fragment shows a typical straightforward call to pcre_compile(): +
+ pcre *re; + const char *error; + int erroffset; + re = pcre_compile( + "^A.*Z", /* the pattern */ + 0, /* default options */ + &error, /* for error message */ + &erroffset, /* for error offset */ + NULL); /* use default character tables */ ++The following names for option bits are defined in the pcre.h header +file: +
+ PCRE_ANCHORED ++If this bit is set, the pattern is forced to be "anchored", that is, it is +constrained to match only at the first matching point in the string that is +being searched (the "subject string"). This effect can also be achieved by +appropriate constructs in the pattern itself, which is the only way to do it in +Perl. +
+ PCRE_AUTO_CALLOUT ++If this bit is set, pcre_compile() automatically inserts callout items, +all with number 255, before each pattern item. For discussion of the callout +facility, see the +pcrecallout +documentation. +
+ PCRE_BSR_ANYCRLF + PCRE_BSR_UNICODE ++These options (which are mutually exclusive) control what the \R escape +sequence matches. The choice is either to match only CR, LF, or CRLF, or to +match any Unicode newline sequence. The default is specified when PCRE is +built. It can be overridden from within the pattern, or by setting an option +when a compiled pattern is matched. +
+ PCRE_CASELESS ++If this bit is set, letters in the pattern match both upper and lower case +letters. It is equivalent to Perl's /i option, and it can be changed within a +pattern by a (?i) option setting. In UTF-8 mode, PCRE always understands the +concept of case for characters whose values are less than 128, so caseless +matching is always possible. For characters with higher values, the concept of +case is supported if PCRE is compiled with Unicode property support, but not +otherwise. If you want to use caseless matching for characters 128 and above, +you must ensure that PCRE is compiled with Unicode property support as well as +with UTF-8 support. +
+ PCRE_DOLLAR_ENDONLY ++If this bit is set, a dollar metacharacter in the pattern matches only at the +end of the subject string. Without this option, a dollar also matches +immediately before a newline at the end of the string (but not before any other +newlines). The PCRE_DOLLAR_ENDONLY option is ignored if PCRE_MULTILINE is set. +There is no equivalent to this option in Perl, and no way to set it within a +pattern. +
+ PCRE_DOTALL ++If this bit is set, a dot metacharater in the pattern matches all characters, +including those that indicate newline. Without it, a dot does not match when +the current position is at a newline. This option is equivalent to Perl's /s +option, and it can be changed within a pattern by a (?s) option setting. A +negative class such as [^a] always matches newline characters, independent of +the setting of this option. +
+ PCRE_DUPNAMES ++If this bit is set, names used to identify capturing subpatterns need not be +unique. This can be helpful for certain types of pattern when it is known that +only one instance of the named subpattern can ever be matched. There are more +details of named subpatterns below; see also the +pcrepattern +documentation. +
+ PCRE_EXTENDED ++If this bit is set, whitespace data characters in the pattern are totally +ignored except when escaped or inside a character class. Whitespace does not +include the VT character (code 11). In addition, characters between an +unescaped # outside a character class and the next newline, inclusive, are also +ignored. This is equivalent to Perl's /x option, and it can be changed within a +pattern by a (?x) option setting. + +
+This option makes it possible to include comments inside complicated patterns. +Note, however, that this applies only to data characters. Whitespace characters +may never appear within special character sequences in a pattern, for example +within the sequence (?( which introduces a conditional subpattern. +
+ PCRE_EXTRA ++This option was invented in order to turn on additional functionality of PCRE +that is incompatible with Perl, but it is currently of very little use. When +set, any backslash in a pattern that is followed by a letter that has no +special meaning causes an error, thus reserving these combinations for future +expansion. By default, as in Perl, a backslash followed by a letter with no +special meaning is treated as a literal. (Perl can, however, be persuaded to +give a warning for this.) There are at present no other features controlled by +this option. It can also be set by a (?X) option setting within a pattern. +
+ PCRE_FIRSTLINE ++If this option is set, an unanchored pattern is required to match before or at +the first newline in the subject string, though the matched text may continue +over the newline. +
+ PCRE_JAVASCRIPT_COMPAT ++If this option is set, PCRE's behaviour is changed in some ways so that it is +compatible with JavaScript rather than Perl. The changes are as follows: + +
+(1) A lone closing square bracket in a pattern causes a compile-time error, +because this is illegal in JavaScript (by default it is treated as a data +character). Thus, the pattern AB]CD becomes illegal when this option is set. +
++(2) At run time, a back reference to an unset subpattern group matches an empty +string (by default this causes the current matching alternative to fail). A +pattern such as (\1)(a) succeeds when this option is set (assuming it can find +an "a" in the subject), whereas it fails by default, for Perl compatibility. +
+ PCRE_MULTILINE ++By default, PCRE treats the subject string as consisting of a single line of +characters (even if it actually contains newlines). The "start of line" +metacharacter (^) matches only at the start of the string, while the "end of +line" metacharacter ($) matches only at the end of the string, or before a +terminating newline (unless PCRE_DOLLAR_ENDONLY is set). This is the same as +Perl. + +
+When PCRE_MULTILINE it is set, the "start of line" and "end of line" constructs +match immediately following or immediately before internal newlines in the +subject string, respectively, as well as at the very start and end. This is +equivalent to Perl's /m option, and it can be changed within a pattern by a +(?m) option setting. If there are no newlines in a subject string, or no +occurrences of ^ or $ in a pattern, setting PCRE_MULTILINE has no effect. +
+ PCRE_NEWLINE_CR + PCRE_NEWLINE_LF + PCRE_NEWLINE_CRLF + PCRE_NEWLINE_ANYCRLF + PCRE_NEWLINE_ANY ++These options override the default newline definition that was chosen when PCRE +was built. Setting the first or the second specifies that a newline is +indicated by a single character (CR or LF, respectively). Setting +PCRE_NEWLINE_CRLF specifies that a newline is indicated by the two-character +CRLF sequence. Setting PCRE_NEWLINE_ANYCRLF specifies that any of the three +preceding sequences should be recognized. Setting PCRE_NEWLINE_ANY specifies +that any Unicode newline sequence should be recognized. The Unicode newline +sequences are the three just mentioned, plus the single characters VT (vertical +tab, U+000B), FF (formfeed, U+000C), NEL (next line, U+0085), LS (line +separator, U+2028), and PS (paragraph separator, U+2029). The last two are +recognized only in UTF-8 mode. + +
+The newline setting in the options word uses three bits that are treated +as a number, giving eight possibilities. Currently only six are used (default +plus the five values above). This means that if you set more than one newline +option, the combination may or may not be sensible. For example, +PCRE_NEWLINE_CR with PCRE_NEWLINE_LF is equivalent to PCRE_NEWLINE_CRLF, but +other combinations may yield unused numbers and cause an error. +
++The only time that a line break is specially recognized when compiling a +pattern is if PCRE_EXTENDED is set, and an unescaped # outside a character +class is encountered. This indicates a comment that lasts until after the next +line break sequence. In other circumstances, line break sequences are treated +as literal data, except that in PCRE_EXTENDED mode, both CR and LF are treated +as whitespace characters and are therefore ignored. +
++The newline option that is set at compile time becomes the default that is used +for pcre_exec() and pcre_dfa_exec(), but it can be overridden. +
+ PCRE_NO_AUTO_CAPTURE ++If this option is set, it disables the use of numbered capturing parentheses in +the pattern. Any opening parenthesis that is not followed by ? behaves as if it +were followed by ?: but named parentheses can still be used for capturing (and +they acquire numbers in the usual way). There is no equivalent of this option +in Perl. +
+ PCRE_UNGREEDY ++This option inverts the "greediness" of the quantifiers so that they are not +greedy by default, but become greedy if followed by "?". It is not compatible +with Perl. It can also be set by a (?U) option setting within the pattern. +
+ PCRE_UTF8 ++This option causes PCRE to regard both the pattern and the subject as strings +of UTF-8 characters instead of single-byte character strings. However, it is +available only when PCRE is built to include UTF-8 support. If not, the use +of this option provokes an error. Details of how this option changes the +behaviour of PCRE are given in the +section on UTF-8 support +in the main +pcre +page. +
+ PCRE_NO_UTF8_CHECK ++When PCRE_UTF8 is set, the validity of the pattern as a UTF-8 string is +automatically checked. There is a discussion about the +validity of UTF-8 strings +in the main +pcre +page. If an invalid UTF-8 sequence of bytes is found, pcre_compile() +returns an error. If you already know that your pattern is valid, and you want +to skip this check for performance reasons, you can set the PCRE_NO_UTF8_CHECK +option. When it is set, the effect of passing an invalid UTF-8 string as a +pattern is undefined. It may cause your program to crash. Note that this option +can also be passed to pcre_exec() and pcre_dfa_exec(), to suppress +the UTF-8 validity checking of subject strings. + +
+The following table lists the error codes than may be returned by +pcre_compile2(), along with the error messages that may be returned by +both compiling functions. As PCRE has developed, some error codes have fallen +out of use. To avoid confusion, they have not been re-used. +
+ 0 no error + 1 \ at end of pattern + 2 \c at end of pattern + 3 unrecognized character follows \ + 4 numbers out of order in {} quantifier + 5 number too big in {} quantifier + 6 missing terminating ] for character class + 7 invalid escape sequence in character class + 8 range out of order in character class + 9 nothing to repeat + 10 [this code is not in use] + 11 internal error: unexpected repeat + 12 unrecognized character after (? or (?- + 13 POSIX named classes are supported only within a class + 14 missing ) + 15 reference to non-existent subpattern + 16 erroffset passed as NULL + 17 unknown option bit(s) set + 18 missing ) after comment + 19 [this code is not in use] + 20 regular expression is too large + 21 failed to get memory + 22 unmatched parentheses + 23 internal error: code overflow + 24 unrecognized character after (?< + 25 lookbehind assertion is not fixed length + 26 malformed number or name after (?( + 27 conditional group contains more than two branches + 28 assertion expected after (?( + 29 (?R or (?[+-]digits must be followed by ) + 30 unknown POSIX class name + 31 POSIX collating elements are not supported + 32 this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support + 33 [this code is not in use] + 34 character value in \x{...} sequence is too large + 35 invalid condition (?(0) + 36 \C not allowed in lookbehind assertion + 37 PCRE does not support \L, \l, \N, \U, or \u + 38 number after (?C is > 255 + 39 closing ) for (?C expected + 40 recursive call could loop indefinitely + 41 unrecognized character after (?P + 42 syntax error in subpattern name (missing terminator) + 43 two named subpatterns have the same name + 44 invalid UTF-8 string + 45 support for \P, \p, and \X has not been compiled + 46 malformed \P or \p sequence + 47 unknown property name after \P or \p + 48 subpattern name is too long (maximum 32 characters) + 49 too many named subpatterns (maximum 10000) + 50 [this code is not in use] + 51 octal value is greater than \377 (not in UTF-8 mode) + 52 internal error: overran compiling workspace + 53 internal error: previously-checked referenced subpattern not found + 54 DEFINE group contains more than one branch + 55 repeating a DEFINE group is not allowed + 56 inconsistent NEWLINE options + 57 \g is not followed by a braced, angle-bracketed, or quoted + name/number or by a plain number + 58 a numbered reference must not be zero + 59 (*VERB) with an argument is not supported + 60 (*VERB) not recognized + 61 number is too big + 62 subpattern name expected + 63 digit expected after (?+ + 64 ] is an invalid data character in JavaScript compatibility mode ++The numbers 32 and 10000 in errors 48 and 49 are defaults; different values may +be used if the limits were changed when PCRE was built. + +
+pcre_extra *pcre_study(const pcre *code, int options +const char **errptr); +
++If a compiled pattern is going to be used several times, it is worth spending +more time analyzing it in order to speed up the time taken for matching. The +function pcre_study() takes a pointer to a compiled pattern as its first +argument. If studying the pattern produces additional information that will +help speed up matching, pcre_study() returns a pointer to a +pcre_extra block, in which the study_data field points to the +results of the study. +
++The returned value from pcre_study() can be passed directly to +pcre_exec() or pcre_dfa_exec(). However, a pcre_extra block +also contains other fields that can be set by the caller before the block is +passed; these are described +below +in the section on matching a pattern. +
++If studying the pattern does not produce any useful information, +pcre_study() returns NULL. In that circumstance, if the calling program +wants to pass any of the other fields to pcre_exec() or +pcre_dfa_exec(), it must set up its own pcre_extra block. +
++The second argument of pcre_study() contains option bits. At present, no +options are defined, and this argument should always be zero. +
++The third argument for pcre_study() is a pointer for an error message. If +studying succeeds (even if no data is returned), the variable it points to is +set to NULL. Otherwise it is set to point to a textual error message. This is a +static string that is part of the library. You must not try to free it. You +should test the error pointer for NULL after calling pcre_study(), to be +sure that it has run successfully. +
++This is a typical call to pcre_study(): +
+ pcre_extra *pe; + pe = pcre_study( + re, /* result of pcre_compile() */ + 0, /* no options exist */ + &error); /* set to NULL or points to a message */ ++Studying a pattern does two things: first, a lower bound for the length of +subject string that is needed to match the pattern is computed. This does not +mean that there are any strings of that length that match, but it does +guarantee that no shorter strings match. The value is used by +pcre_exec() and pcre_dfa_exec() to avoid wasting time by trying to +match strings that are shorter than the lower bound. You can find out the value +in a calling program via the pcre_fullinfo() function. + +
+Studying a pattern is also useful for non-anchored patterns that do not have a +single fixed starting character. A bitmap of possible starting bytes is +created. This speeds up finding a position in the subject at which to start +matching. +
++PCRE handles caseless matching, and determines whether characters are letters, +digits, or whatever, by reference to a set of tables, indexed by character +value. When running in UTF-8 mode, this applies only to characters with codes +less than 128. Higher-valued codes never match escapes such as \w or \d, but +can be tested with \p if PCRE is built with Unicode character property +support. The use of locales with Unicode is discouraged. If you are handling +characters with codes greater than 128, you should either use UTF-8 and +Unicode, or use locales, but not try to mix the two. +
++PCRE contains an internal set of tables that are used when the final argument +of pcre_compile() is NULL. These are sufficient for many applications. +Normally, the internal tables recognize only ASCII characters. However, when +PCRE is built, it is possible to cause the internal tables to be rebuilt in the +default "C" locale of the local system, which may cause them to be different. +
++The internal tables can always be overridden by tables supplied by the +application that calls PCRE. These may be created in a different locale from +the default. As more and more applications change to using Unicode, the need +for this locale support is expected to die away. +
++External tables are built by calling the pcre_maketables() function, +which has no arguments, in the relevant locale. The result can then be passed +to pcre_compile() or pcre_exec() as often as necessary. For +example, to build and use tables that are appropriate for the French locale +(where accented characters with values greater than 128 are treated as letters), +the following code could be used: +
+ setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "fr_FR"); + tables = pcre_maketables(); + re = pcre_compile(..., tables); ++The locale name "fr_FR" is used on Linux and other Unix-like systems; if you +are using Windows, the name for the French locale is "french". + +
+When pcre_maketables() runs, the tables are built in memory that is +obtained via pcre_malloc. It is the caller's responsibility to ensure +that the memory containing the tables remains available for as long as it is +needed. +
++The pointer that is passed to pcre_compile() is saved with the compiled +pattern, and the same tables are used via this pointer by pcre_study() +and normally also by pcre_exec(). Thus, by default, for any single +pattern, compilation, studying and matching all happen in the same locale, but +different patterns can be compiled in different locales. +
++It is possible to pass a table pointer or NULL (indicating the use of the +internal tables) to pcre_exec(). Although not intended for this purpose, +this facility could be used to match a pattern in a different locale from the +one in which it was compiled. Passing table pointers at run time is discussed +below in the section on matching a pattern. +
++int pcre_fullinfo(const pcre *code, const pcre_extra *extra, +int what, void *where); +
++The pcre_fullinfo() function returns information about a compiled +pattern. It replaces the obsolete pcre_info() function, which is +nevertheless retained for backwards compability (and is documented below). +
++The first argument for pcre_fullinfo() is a pointer to the compiled +pattern. The second argument is the result of pcre_study(), or NULL if +the pattern was not studied. The third argument specifies which piece of +information is required, and the fourth argument is a pointer to a variable +to receive the data. The yield of the function is zero for success, or one of +the following negative numbers: +
+ PCRE_ERROR_NULL the argument code was NULL + the argument where was NULL + PCRE_ERROR_BADMAGIC the "magic number" was not found + PCRE_ERROR_BADOPTION the value of what was invalid ++The "magic number" is placed at the start of each compiled pattern as an simple +check against passing an arbitrary memory pointer. Here is a typical call of +pcre_fullinfo(), to obtain the length of the compiled pattern: +
+ int rc; + size_t length; + rc = pcre_fullinfo( + re, /* result of pcre_compile() */ + pe, /* result of pcre_study(), or NULL */ + PCRE_INFO_SIZE, /* what is required */ + &length); /* where to put the data */ ++The possible values for the third argument are defined in pcre.h, and are +as follows: +
+ PCRE_INFO_BACKREFMAX ++Return the number of the highest back reference in the pattern. The fourth +argument should point to an int variable. Zero is returned if there are +no back references. +
+ PCRE_INFO_CAPTURECOUNT ++Return the number of capturing subpatterns in the pattern. The fourth argument +should point to an int variable. +
+ PCRE_INFO_DEFAULT_TABLES ++Return a pointer to the internal default character tables within PCRE. The +fourth argument should point to an unsigned char * variable. This +information call is provided for internal use by the pcre_study() +function. External callers can cause PCRE to use its internal tables by passing +a NULL table pointer. +
+ PCRE_INFO_FIRSTBYTE ++Return information about the first byte of any matched string, for a +non-anchored pattern. The fourth argument should point to an int +variable. (This option used to be called PCRE_INFO_FIRSTCHAR; the old name is +still recognized for backwards compatibility.) + +
+If there is a fixed first byte, for example, from a pattern such as
+(cat|cow|coyote), its value is returned. Otherwise, if either
+
+
+(a) the pattern was compiled with the PCRE_MULTILINE option, and every branch
+starts with "^", or
+
+
+(b) every branch of the pattern starts with ".*" and PCRE_DOTALL is not set
+(if it were set, the pattern would be anchored),
+
+
+-1 is returned, indicating that the pattern matches only at the start of a
+subject string or after any newline within the string. Otherwise -2 is
+returned. For anchored patterns, -2 is returned.
+
+ PCRE_INFO_FIRSTTABLE ++If the pattern was studied, and this resulted in the construction of a 256-bit +table indicating a fixed set of bytes for the first byte in any matching +string, a pointer to the table is returned. Otherwise NULL is returned. The +fourth argument should point to an unsigned char * variable. +
+ PCRE_INFO_HASCRORLF ++Return 1 if the pattern contains any explicit matches for CR or LF characters, +otherwise 0. The fourth argument should point to an int variable. An +explicit match is either a literal CR or LF character, or \r or \n. +
+ PCRE_INFO_JCHANGED ++Return 1 if the (?J) or (?-J) option setting is used in the pattern, otherwise +0. The fourth argument should point to an int variable. (?J) and +(?-J) set and unset the local PCRE_DUPNAMES option, respectively. +
+ PCRE_INFO_LASTLITERAL ++Return the value of the rightmost literal byte that must exist in any matched +string, other than at its start, if such a byte has been recorded. The fourth +argument should point to an int variable. If there is no such byte, -1 is +returned. For anchored patterns, a last literal byte is recorded only if it +follows something of variable length. For example, for the pattern +/^a\d+z\d+/ the returned value is "z", but for /^a\dz\d/ the returned value +is -1. +
+ PCRE_INFO_MINLENGTH ++If the pattern was studied and a minimum length for matching subject strings +was computed, its value is returned. Otherwise the returned value is -1. The +value is a number of characters, not bytes (this may be relevant in UTF-8 +mode). The fourth argument should point to an int variable. A +non-negative value is a lower bound to the length of any matching string. There +may not be any strings of that length that do actually match, but every string +that does match is at least that long. +
+ PCRE_INFO_NAMECOUNT + PCRE_INFO_NAMEENTRYSIZE + PCRE_INFO_NAMETABLE ++PCRE supports the use of named as well as numbered capturing parentheses. The +names are just an additional way of identifying the parentheses, which still +acquire numbers. Several convenience functions such as +pcre_get_named_substring() are provided for extracting captured +substrings by name. It is also possible to extract the data directly, by first +converting the name to a number in order to access the correct pointers in the +output vector (described with pcre_exec() below). To do the conversion, +you need to use the name-to-number map, which is described by these three +values. + +
+The map consists of a number of fixed-size entries. PCRE_INFO_NAMECOUNT gives +the number of entries, and PCRE_INFO_NAMEENTRYSIZE gives the size of each +entry; both of these return an int value. The entry size depends on the +length of the longest name. PCRE_INFO_NAMETABLE returns a pointer to the first +entry of the table (a pointer to char). The first two bytes of each entry +are the number of the capturing parenthesis, most significant byte first. The +rest of the entry is the corresponding name, zero terminated. +
++The names are in alphabetical order. Duplicate names may appear if (?| is used +to create multiple groups with the same number, as described in the +section on duplicate subpattern numbers +in the +pcrepattern +page. Duplicate names for subpatterns with different numbers are permitted only +if PCRE_DUPNAMES is set. In all cases of duplicate names, they appear in the +table in the order in which they were found in the pattern. In the absence of +(?| this is the order of increasing number; when (?| is used this is not +necessarily the case because later subpatterns may have lower numbers. +
++As a simple example of the name/number table, consider the following pattern +(assume PCRE_EXTENDED is set, so white space - including newlines - is +ignored): +
+ (?<date> (?<year>(\d\d)?\d\d) - (?<month>\d\d) - (?<day>\d\d) ) ++There are four named subpatterns, so the table has four entries, and each entry +in the table is eight bytes long. The table is as follows, with non-printing +bytes shows in hexadecimal, and undefined bytes shown as ??: +
+ 00 01 d a t e 00 ?? + 00 05 d a y 00 ?? ?? + 00 04 m o n t h 00 + 00 02 y e a r 00 ?? ++When writing code to extract data from named subpatterns using the +name-to-number map, remember that the length of the entries is likely to be +different for each compiled pattern. +
+ PCRE_INFO_OKPARTIAL ++Return 1 if the pattern can be used for partial matching with +pcre_exec(), otherwise 0. The fourth argument should point to an +int variable. From release 8.00, this always returns 1, because the +restrictions that previously applied to partial matching have been lifted. The +pcrepartial +documentation gives details of partial matching. +
+ PCRE_INFO_OPTIONS ++Return a copy of the options with which the pattern was compiled. The fourth +argument should point to an unsigned long int variable. These option bits +are those specified in the call to pcre_compile(), modified by any +top-level option settings at the start of the pattern itself. In other words, +they are the options that will be in force when matching starts. For example, +if the pattern /(?im)abc(?-i)d/ is compiled with the PCRE_EXTENDED option, the +result is PCRE_CASELESS, PCRE_MULTILINE, and PCRE_EXTENDED. + +
+A pattern is automatically anchored by PCRE if all of its top-level +alternatives begin with one of the following: +
+ ^ unless PCRE_MULTILINE is set + \A always + \G always + .* if PCRE_DOTALL is set and there are no back references to the subpattern in which .* appears ++For such patterns, the PCRE_ANCHORED bit is set in the options returned by +pcre_fullinfo(). +
+ PCRE_INFO_SIZE ++Return the size of the compiled pattern, that is, the value that was passed as +the argument to pcre_malloc() when PCRE was getting memory in which to +place the compiled data. The fourth argument should point to a size_t +variable. +
+ PCRE_INFO_STUDYSIZE ++Return the size of the data block pointed to by the study_data field in +a pcre_extra block. That is, it is the value that was passed to +pcre_malloc() when PCRE was getting memory into which to place the data +created by pcre_study(). If pcre_extra is NULL, or there is no +study data, zero is returned. The fourth argument should point to a +size_t variable. + +
+int pcre_info(const pcre *code, int *optptr, int +*firstcharptr); +
++The pcre_info() function is now obsolete because its interface is too +restrictive to return all the available data about a compiled pattern. New +programs should use pcre_fullinfo() instead. The yield of +pcre_info() is the number of capturing subpatterns, or one of the +following negative numbers: +
+ PCRE_ERROR_NULL the argument code was NULL + PCRE_ERROR_BADMAGIC the "magic number" was not found ++If the optptr argument is not NULL, a copy of the options with which the +pattern was compiled is placed in the integer it points to (see +PCRE_INFO_OPTIONS above). + +
+If the pattern is not anchored and the firstcharptr argument is not NULL, +it is used to pass back information about the first character of any matched +string (see PCRE_INFO_FIRSTBYTE above). +
++int pcre_refcount(pcre *code, int adjust); +
++The pcre_refcount() function is used to maintain a reference count in the +data block that contains a compiled pattern. It is provided for the benefit of +applications that operate in an object-oriented manner, where different parts +of the application may be using the same compiled pattern, but you want to free +the block when they are all done. +
++When a pattern is compiled, the reference count field is initialized to zero. +It is changed only by calling this function, whose action is to add the +adjust value (which may be positive or negative) to it. The yield of the +function is the new value. However, the value of the count is constrained to +lie between 0 and 65535, inclusive. If the new value is outside these limits, +it is forced to the appropriate limit value. +
++Except when it is zero, the reference count is not correctly preserved if a +pattern is compiled on one host and then transferred to a host whose byte-order +is different. (This seems a highly unlikely scenario.) +
++int pcre_exec(const pcre *code, const pcre_extra *extra, +const char *subject, int length, int startoffset, +int options, int *ovector, int ovecsize); +
++The function pcre_exec() is called to match a subject string against a +compiled pattern, which is passed in the code argument. If the +pattern was studied, the result of the study should be passed in the +extra argument. This function is the main matching facility of the +library, and it operates in a Perl-like manner. For specialist use there is +also an alternative matching function, which is described +below +in the section about the pcre_dfa_exec() function. +
++In most applications, the pattern will have been compiled (and optionally +studied) in the same process that calls pcre_exec(). However, it is +possible to save compiled patterns and study data, and then use them later +in different processes, possibly even on different hosts. For a discussion +about this, see the +pcreprecompile +documentation. +
++Here is an example of a simple call to pcre_exec(): +
+ int rc; + int ovector[30]; + rc = pcre_exec( + re, /* result of pcre_compile() */ + NULL, /* we didn't study the pattern */ + "some string", /* the subject string */ + 11, /* the length of the subject string */ + 0, /* start at offset 0 in the subject */ + 0, /* default options */ + ovector, /* vector of integers for substring information */ + 30); /* number of elements (NOT size in bytes) */ ++ +
+If the extra argument is not NULL, it must point to a pcre_extra +data block. The pcre_study() function returns such a block (when it +doesn't return NULL), but you can also create one for yourself, and pass +additional information in it. The pcre_extra block contains the following +fields (not necessarily in this order): +
+ unsigned long int flags; + void *study_data; + unsigned long int match_limit; + unsigned long int match_limit_recursion; + void *callout_data; + const unsigned char *tables; ++The flags field is a bitmap that specifies which of the other fields +are set. The flag bits are: +
+ PCRE_EXTRA_STUDY_DATA + PCRE_EXTRA_MATCH_LIMIT + PCRE_EXTRA_MATCH_LIMIT_RECURSION + PCRE_EXTRA_CALLOUT_DATA + PCRE_EXTRA_TABLES ++Other flag bits should be set to zero. The study_data field is set in the +pcre_extra block that is returned by pcre_study(), together with +the appropriate flag bit. You should not set this yourself, but you may add to +the block by setting the other fields and their corresponding flag bits. + +
+The match_limit field provides a means of preventing PCRE from using up a +vast amount of resources when running patterns that are not going to match, +but which have a very large number of possibilities in their search trees. The +classic example is a pattern that uses nested unlimited repeats. +
++Internally, PCRE uses a function called match() which it calls repeatedly +(sometimes recursively). The limit set by match_limit is imposed on the +number of times this function is called during a match, which has the effect of +limiting the amount of backtracking that can take place. For patterns that are +not anchored, the count restarts from zero for each position in the subject +string. +
++The default value for the limit can be set when PCRE is built; the default +default is 10 million, which handles all but the most extreme cases. You can +override the default by suppling pcre_exec() with a pcre_extra +block in which match_limit is set, and PCRE_EXTRA_MATCH_LIMIT is set in +the flags field. If the limit is exceeded, pcre_exec() returns +PCRE_ERROR_MATCHLIMIT. +
++The match_limit_recursion field is similar to match_limit, but +instead of limiting the total number of times that match() is called, it +limits the depth of recursion. The recursion depth is a smaller number than the +total number of calls, because not all calls to match() are recursive. +This limit is of use only if it is set smaller than match_limit. +
++Limiting the recursion depth limits the amount of stack that can be used, or, +when PCRE has been compiled to use memory on the heap instead of the stack, the +amount of heap memory that can be used. +
++The default value for match_limit_recursion can be set when PCRE is +built; the default default is the same value as the default for +match_limit. You can override the default by suppling pcre_exec() +with a pcre_extra block in which match_limit_recursion is set, and +PCRE_EXTRA_MATCH_LIMIT_RECURSION is set in the flags field. If the limit +is exceeded, pcre_exec() returns PCRE_ERROR_RECURSIONLIMIT. +
++The callout_data field is used in conjunction with the "callout" feature, +and is described in the +pcrecallout +documentation. +
++The tables field is used to pass a character tables pointer to +pcre_exec(); this overrides the value that is stored with the compiled +pattern. A non-NULL value is stored with the compiled pattern only if custom +tables were supplied to pcre_compile() via its tableptr argument. +If NULL is passed to pcre_exec() using this mechanism, it forces PCRE's +internal tables to be used. This facility is helpful when re-using patterns +that have been saved after compiling with an external set of tables, because +the external tables might be at a different address when pcre_exec() is +called. See the +pcreprecompile +documentation for a discussion of saving compiled patterns for later use. +
++The unused bits of the options argument for pcre_exec() must be +zero. The only bits that may be set are PCRE_ANCHORED, PCRE_NEWLINE_xxx, +PCRE_NOTBOL, PCRE_NOTEOL, PCRE_NOTEMPTY, PCRE_NOTEMPTY_ATSTART, +PCRE_NO_START_OPTIMIZE, PCRE_NO_UTF8_CHECK, PCRE_PARTIAL_SOFT, and +PCRE_PARTIAL_HARD. +
+ PCRE_ANCHORED ++The PCRE_ANCHORED option limits pcre_exec() to matching at the first +matching position. If a pattern was compiled with PCRE_ANCHORED, or turned out +to be anchored by virtue of its contents, it cannot be made unachored at +matching time. +
+ PCRE_BSR_ANYCRLF + PCRE_BSR_UNICODE ++These options (which are mutually exclusive) control what the \R escape +sequence matches. The choice is either to match only CR, LF, or CRLF, or to +match any Unicode newline sequence. These options override the choice that was +made or defaulted when the pattern was compiled. +
+ PCRE_NEWLINE_CR + PCRE_NEWLINE_LF + PCRE_NEWLINE_CRLF + PCRE_NEWLINE_ANYCRLF + PCRE_NEWLINE_ANY ++These options override the newline definition that was chosen or defaulted when +the pattern was compiled. For details, see the description of +pcre_compile() above. During matching, the newline choice affects the +behaviour of the dot, circumflex, and dollar metacharacters. It may also alter +the way the match position is advanced after a match failure for an unanchored +pattern. + +
+When PCRE_NEWLINE_CRLF, PCRE_NEWLINE_ANYCRLF, or PCRE_NEWLINE_ANY is set, and a +match attempt for an unanchored pattern fails when the current position is at a +CRLF sequence, and the pattern contains no explicit matches for CR or LF +characters, the match position is advanced by two characters instead of one, in +other words, to after the CRLF. +
++The above rule is a compromise that makes the most common cases work as +expected. For example, if the pattern is .+A (and the PCRE_DOTALL option is not +set), it does not match the string "\r\nA" because, after failing at the +start, it skips both the CR and the LF before retrying. However, the pattern +[\r\n]A does match that string, because it contains an explicit CR or LF +reference, and so advances only by one character after the first failure. +
++An explicit match for CR of LF is either a literal appearance of one of those +characters, or one of the \r or \n escape sequences. Implicit matches such as +[^X] do not count, nor does \s (which includes CR and LF in the characters +that it matches). +
++Notwithstanding the above, anomalous effects may still occur when CRLF is a +valid newline sequence and explicit \r or \n escapes appear in the pattern. +
+ PCRE_NOTBOL ++This option specifies that first character of the subject string is not the +beginning of a line, so the circumflex metacharacter should not match before +it. Setting this without PCRE_MULTILINE (at compile time) causes circumflex +never to match. This option affects only the behaviour of the circumflex +metacharacter. It does not affect \A. +
+ PCRE_NOTEOL ++This option specifies that the end of the subject string is not the end of a +line, so the dollar metacharacter should not match it nor (except in multiline +mode) a newline immediately before it. Setting this without PCRE_MULTILINE (at +compile time) causes dollar never to match. This option affects only the +behaviour of the dollar metacharacter. It does not affect \Z or \z. +
+ PCRE_NOTEMPTY ++An empty string is not considered to be a valid match if this option is set. If +there are alternatives in the pattern, they are tried. If all the alternatives +match the empty string, the entire match fails. For example, if the pattern +
+ a?b? ++is applied to a string not beginning with "a" or "b", it matches an empty +string at the start of the subject. With PCRE_NOTEMPTY set, this match is not +valid, so PCRE searches further into the string for occurrences of "a" or "b". +
+ PCRE_NOTEMPTY_ATSTART ++This is like PCRE_NOTEMPTY, except that an empty string match that is not at +the start of the subject is permitted. If the pattern is anchored, such a match +can occur only if the pattern contains \K. + +
+Perl has no direct equivalent of PCRE_NOTEMPTY or PCRE_NOTEMPTY_ATSTART, but it +does make a special case of a pattern match of the empty string within its +split() function, and when using the /g modifier. It is possible to +emulate Perl's behaviour after matching a null string by first trying the match +again at the same offset with PCRE_NOTEMPTY_ATSTART and PCRE_ANCHORED, and then +if that fails, by advancing the starting offset (see below) and trying an +ordinary match again. There is some code that demonstrates how to do this in +the +pcredemo +sample program. +
+ PCRE_NO_START_OPTIMIZE ++There are a number of optimizations that pcre_exec() uses at the start of +a match, in order to speed up the process. For example, if it is known that a +match must start with a specific character, it searches the subject for that +character, and fails immediately if it cannot find it, without actually running +the main matching function. When callouts are in use, these optimizations can +cause them to be skipped. This option disables the "start-up" optimizations, +causing performance to suffer, but ensuring that the callouts do occur. +
+ PCRE_NO_UTF8_CHECK ++When PCRE_UTF8 is set at compile time, the validity of the subject as a UTF-8 +string is automatically checked when pcre_exec() is subsequently called. +The value of startoffset is also checked to ensure that it points to the +start of a UTF-8 character. There is a discussion about the validity of UTF-8 +strings in the +section on UTF-8 support +in the main +pcre +page. If an invalid UTF-8 sequence of bytes is found, pcre_exec() returns +the error PCRE_ERROR_BADUTF8. If startoffset contains an invalid value, +PCRE_ERROR_BADUTF8_OFFSET is returned. + +
+If you already know that your subject is valid, and you want to skip these +checks for performance reasons, you can set the PCRE_NO_UTF8_CHECK option when +calling pcre_exec(). You might want to do this for the second and +subsequent calls to pcre_exec() if you are making repeated calls to find +all the matches in a single subject string. However, you should be sure that +the value of startoffset points to the start of a UTF-8 character. When +PCRE_NO_UTF8_CHECK is set, the effect of passing an invalid UTF-8 string as a +subject, or a value of startoffset that does not point to the start of a +UTF-8 character, is undefined. Your program may crash. +
+ PCRE_PARTIAL_HARD + PCRE_PARTIAL_SOFT ++These options turn on the partial matching feature. For backwards +compatibility, PCRE_PARTIAL is a synonym for PCRE_PARTIAL_SOFT. A partial match +occurs if the end of the subject string is reached successfully, but there are +not enough subject characters to complete the match. If this happens when +PCRE_PARTIAL_HARD is set, pcre_exec() immediately returns +PCRE_ERROR_PARTIAL. Otherwise, if PCRE_PARTIAL_SOFT is set, matching continues +by testing any other alternatives. Only if they all fail is PCRE_ERROR_PARTIAL +returned (instead of PCRE_ERROR_NOMATCH). The portion of the string that +was inspected when the partial match was found is set as the first matching +string. There is a more detailed discussion in the +pcrepartial +documentation. + +
+The subject string is passed to pcre_exec() as a pointer in +subject, a length (in bytes) in length, and a starting byte offset +in startoffset. In UTF-8 mode, the byte offset must point to the start of +a UTF-8 character. Unlike the pattern string, the subject may contain binary +zero bytes. When the starting offset is zero, the search for a match starts at +the beginning of the subject, and this is by far the most common case. +
++A non-zero starting offset is useful when searching for another match in the +same subject by calling pcre_exec() again after a previous success. +Setting startoffset differs from just passing over a shortened string and +setting PCRE_NOTBOL in the case of a pattern that begins with any kind of +lookbehind. For example, consider the pattern +
+ \Biss\B ++which finds occurrences of "iss" in the middle of words. (\B matches only if +the current position in the subject is not a word boundary.) When applied to +the string "Mississipi" the first call to pcre_exec() finds the first +occurrence. If pcre_exec() is called again with just the remainder of the +subject, namely "issipi", it does not match, because \B is always false at the +start of the subject, which is deemed to be a word boundary. However, if +pcre_exec() is passed the entire string again, but with startoffset +set to 4, it finds the second occurrence of "iss" because it is able to look +behind the starting point to discover that it is preceded by a letter. + +
+If a non-zero starting offset is passed when the pattern is anchored, one +attempt to match at the given offset is made. This can only succeed if the +pattern does not require the match to be at the start of the subject. +
++In general, a pattern matches a certain portion of the subject, and in +addition, further substrings from the subject may be picked out by parts of the +pattern. Following the usage in Jeffrey Friedl's book, this is called +"capturing" in what follows, and the phrase "capturing subpattern" is used for +a fragment of a pattern that picks out a substring. PCRE supports several other +kinds of parenthesized subpattern that do not cause substrings to be captured. +
++Captured substrings are returned to the caller via a vector of integers whose +address is passed in ovector. The number of elements in the vector is +passed in ovecsize, which must be a non-negative number. Note: this +argument is NOT the size of ovector in bytes. +
++The first two-thirds of the vector is used to pass back captured substrings, +each substring using a pair of integers. The remaining third of the vector is +used as workspace by pcre_exec() while matching capturing subpatterns, +and is not available for passing back information. The number passed in +ovecsize should always be a multiple of three. If it is not, it is +rounded down. +
++When a match is successful, information about captured substrings is returned +in pairs of integers, starting at the beginning of ovector, and +continuing up to two-thirds of its length at the most. The first element of +each pair is set to the byte offset of the first character in a substring, and +the second is set to the byte offset of the first character after the end of a +substring. Note: these values are always byte offsets, even in UTF-8 +mode. They are not character counts. +
++The first pair of integers, ovector[0] and ovector[1], identify the +portion of the subject string matched by the entire pattern. The next pair is +used for the first capturing subpattern, and so on. The value returned by +pcre_exec() is one more than the highest numbered pair that has been set. +For example, if two substrings have been captured, the returned value is 3. If +there are no capturing subpatterns, the return value from a successful match is +1, indicating that just the first pair of offsets has been set. +
++If a capturing subpattern is matched repeatedly, it is the last portion of the +string that it matched that is returned. +
++If the vector is too small to hold all the captured substring offsets, it is +used as far as possible (up to two-thirds of its length), and the function +returns a value of zero. If the substring offsets are not of interest, +pcre_exec() may be called with ovector passed as NULL and +ovecsize as zero. However, if the pattern contains back references and +the ovector is not big enough to remember the related substrings, PCRE +has to get additional memory for use during matching. Thus it is usually +advisable to supply an ovector. +
++The pcre_fullinfo() function can be used to find out how many capturing +subpatterns there are in a compiled pattern. The smallest size for +ovector that will allow for n captured substrings, in addition to +the offsets of the substring matched by the whole pattern, is (n+1)*3. +
++It is possible for capturing subpattern number n+1 to match some part of +the subject when subpattern n has not been used at all. For example, if +the string "abc" is matched against the pattern (a|(z))(bc) the return from the +function is 4, and subpatterns 1 and 3 are matched, but 2 is not. When this +happens, both values in the offset pairs corresponding to unused subpatterns +are set to -1. +
++Offset values that correspond to unused subpatterns at the end of the +expression are also set to -1. For example, if the string "abc" is matched +against the pattern (abc)(x(yz)?)? subpatterns 2 and 3 are not matched. The +return from the function is 2, because the highest used capturing subpattern +number is 1. However, you can refer to the offsets for the second and third +capturing subpatterns if you wish (assuming the vector is large enough, of +course). +
++Some convenience functions are provided for extracting the captured substrings +as separate strings. These are described below. +
++If pcre_exec() fails, it returns a negative number. The following are +defined in the header file: +
+ PCRE_ERROR_NOMATCH (-1) ++The subject string did not match the pattern. +
+ PCRE_ERROR_NULL (-2) ++Either code or subject was passed as NULL, or ovector was +NULL and ovecsize was not zero. +
+ PCRE_ERROR_BADOPTION (-3) ++An unrecognized bit was set in the options argument. +
+ PCRE_ERROR_BADMAGIC (-4) ++PCRE stores a 4-byte "magic number" at the start of the compiled code, to catch +the case when it is passed a junk pointer and to detect when a pattern that was +compiled in an environment of one endianness is run in an environment with the +other endianness. This is the error that PCRE gives when the magic number is +not present. +
+ PCRE_ERROR_UNKNOWN_OPCODE (-5) ++While running the pattern match, an unknown item was encountered in the +compiled pattern. This error could be caused by a bug in PCRE or by overwriting +of the compiled pattern. +
+ PCRE_ERROR_NOMEMORY (-6) ++If a pattern contains back references, but the ovector that is passed to +pcre_exec() is not big enough to remember the referenced substrings, PCRE +gets a block of memory at the start of matching to use for this purpose. If the +call via pcre_malloc() fails, this error is given. The memory is +automatically freed at the end of matching. +
+ PCRE_ERROR_NOSUBSTRING (-7) ++This error is used by the pcre_copy_substring(), +pcre_get_substring(), and pcre_get_substring_list() functions (see +below). It is never returned by pcre_exec(). +
+ PCRE_ERROR_MATCHLIMIT (-8) ++The backtracking limit, as specified by the match_limit field in a +pcre_extra structure (or defaulted) was reached. See the description +above. +
+ PCRE_ERROR_CALLOUT (-9) ++This error is never generated by pcre_exec() itself. It is provided for +use by callout functions that want to yield a distinctive error code. See the +pcrecallout +documentation for details. +
+ PCRE_ERROR_BADUTF8 (-10) ++A string that contains an invalid UTF-8 byte sequence was passed as a subject. +
+ PCRE_ERROR_BADUTF8_OFFSET (-11) ++The UTF-8 byte sequence that was passed as a subject was valid, but the value +of startoffset did not point to the beginning of a UTF-8 character. +
+ PCRE_ERROR_PARTIAL (-12) ++The subject string did not match, but it did match partially. See the +pcrepartial +documentation for details of partial matching. +
+ PCRE_ERROR_BADPARTIAL (-13) ++This code is no longer in use. It was formerly returned when the PCRE_PARTIAL +option was used with a compiled pattern containing items that were not +supported for partial matching. From release 8.00 onwards, there are no +restrictions on partial matching. +
+ PCRE_ERROR_INTERNAL (-14) ++An unexpected internal error has occurred. This error could be caused by a bug +in PCRE or by overwriting of the compiled pattern. +
+ PCRE_ERROR_BADCOUNT (-15) ++This error is given if the value of the ovecsize argument is negative. +
+ PCRE_ERROR_RECURSIONLIMIT (-21) ++The internal recursion limit, as specified by the match_limit_recursion +field in a pcre_extra structure (or defaulted) was reached. See the +description above. +
+ PCRE_ERROR_BADNEWLINE (-23) ++An invalid combination of PCRE_NEWLINE_xxx options was given. + +
+Error numbers -16 to -20 and -22 are not used by pcre_exec(). +
++int pcre_copy_substring(const char *subject, int *ovector, +int stringcount, int stringnumber, char *buffer, +int buffersize); +
++int pcre_get_substring(const char *subject, int *ovector, +int stringcount, int stringnumber, +const char **stringptr); +
++int pcre_get_substring_list(const char *subject, +int *ovector, int stringcount, const char ***listptr); +
++Captured substrings can be accessed directly by using the offsets returned by +pcre_exec() in ovector. For convenience, the functions +pcre_copy_substring(), pcre_get_substring(), and +pcre_get_substring_list() are provided for extracting captured substrings +as new, separate, zero-terminated strings. These functions identify substrings +by number. The next section describes functions for extracting named +substrings. +
++A substring that contains a binary zero is correctly extracted and has a +further zero added on the end, but the result is not, of course, a C string. +However, you can process such a string by referring to the length that is +returned by pcre_copy_substring() and pcre_get_substring(). +Unfortunately, the interface to pcre_get_substring_list() is not adequate +for handling strings containing binary zeros, because the end of the final +string is not independently indicated. +
++The first three arguments are the same for all three of these functions: +subject is the subject string that has just been successfully matched, +ovector is a pointer to the vector of integer offsets that was passed to +pcre_exec(), and stringcount is the number of substrings that were +captured by the match, including the substring that matched the entire regular +expression. This is the value returned by pcre_exec() if it is greater +than zero. If pcre_exec() returned zero, indicating that it ran out of +space in ovector, the value passed as stringcount should be the +number of elements in the vector divided by three. +
++The functions pcre_copy_substring() and pcre_get_substring() +extract a single substring, whose number is given as stringnumber. A +value of zero extracts the substring that matched the entire pattern, whereas +higher values extract the captured substrings. For pcre_copy_substring(), +the string is placed in buffer, whose length is given by +buffersize, while for pcre_get_substring() a new block of memory is +obtained via pcre_malloc, and its address is returned via +stringptr. The yield of the function is the length of the string, not +including the terminating zero, or one of these error codes: +
+ PCRE_ERROR_NOMEMORY (-6) ++The buffer was too small for pcre_copy_substring(), or the attempt to get +memory failed for pcre_get_substring(). +
+ PCRE_ERROR_NOSUBSTRING (-7) ++There is no substring whose number is stringnumber. + +
+The pcre_get_substring_list() function extracts all available substrings +and builds a list of pointers to them. All this is done in a single block of +memory that is obtained via pcre_malloc. The address of the memory block +is returned via listptr, which is also the start of the list of string +pointers. The end of the list is marked by a NULL pointer. The yield of the +function is zero if all went well, or the error code +
+ PCRE_ERROR_NOMEMORY (-6) ++if the attempt to get the memory block failed. + +
+When any of these functions encounter a substring that is unset, which can +happen when capturing subpattern number n+1 matches some part of the +subject, but subpattern n has not been used at all, they return an empty +string. This can be distinguished from a genuine zero-length substring by +inspecting the appropriate offset in ovector, which is negative for unset +substrings. +
++The two convenience functions pcre_free_substring() and +pcre_free_substring_list() can be used to free the memory returned by +a previous call of pcre_get_substring() or +pcre_get_substring_list(), respectively. They do nothing more than call +the function pointed to by pcre_free, which of course could be called +directly from a C program. However, PCRE is used in some situations where it is +linked via a special interface to another programming language that cannot use +pcre_free directly; it is for these cases that the functions are +provided. +
++int pcre_get_stringnumber(const pcre *code, +const char *name); +
++int pcre_copy_named_substring(const pcre *code, +const char *subject, int *ovector, +int stringcount, const char *stringname, +char *buffer, int buffersize); +
++int pcre_get_named_substring(const pcre *code, +const char *subject, int *ovector, +int stringcount, const char *stringname, +const char **stringptr); +
++To extract a substring by name, you first have to find associated number. +For example, for this pattern +
+ (a+)b(?<xxx>\d+)... ++the number of the subpattern called "xxx" is 2. If the name is known to be +unique (PCRE_DUPNAMES was not set), you can find the number from the name by +calling pcre_get_stringnumber(). The first argument is the compiled +pattern, and the second is the name. The yield of the function is the +subpattern number, or PCRE_ERROR_NOSUBSTRING (-7) if there is no subpattern of +that name. + +
+Given the number, you can extract the substring directly, or use one of the +functions described in the previous section. For convenience, there are also +two functions that do the whole job. +
++Most of the arguments of pcre_copy_named_substring() and +pcre_get_named_substring() are the same as those for the similarly named +functions that extract by number. As these are described in the previous +section, they are not re-described here. There are just two differences: +
++First, instead of a substring number, a substring name is given. Second, there +is an extra argument, given at the start, which is a pointer to the compiled +pattern. This is needed in order to gain access to the name-to-number +translation table. +
++These functions call pcre_get_stringnumber(), and if it succeeds, they +then call pcre_copy_substring() or pcre_get_substring(), as +appropriate. NOTE: If PCRE_DUPNAMES is set and there are duplicate names, +the behaviour may not be what you want (see the next section). +
++Warning: If the pattern uses the (?| feature to set up multiple +subpatterns with the same number, as described in the +section on duplicate subpattern numbers +in the +pcrepattern +page, you cannot use names to distinguish the different subpatterns, because +names are not included in the compiled code. The matching process uses only +numbers. For this reason, the use of different names for subpatterns of the +same number causes an error at compile time. +
++int pcre_get_stringtable_entries(const pcre *code, +const char *name, char **first, char **last); +
++When a pattern is compiled with the PCRE_DUPNAMES option, names for subpatterns +are not required to be unique. (Duplicate names are always allowed for +subpatterns with the same number, created by using the (?| feature. Indeed, if +such subpatterns are named, they are required to use the same names.) +
++Normally, patterns with duplicate names are such that in any one match, only +one of the named subpatterns participates. An example is shown in the +pcrepattern +documentation. +
++When duplicates are present, pcre_copy_named_substring() and +pcre_get_named_substring() return the first substring corresponding to +the given name that is set. If none are set, PCRE_ERROR_NOSUBSTRING (-7) is +returned; no data is returned. The pcre_get_stringnumber() function +returns one of the numbers that are associated with the name, but it is not +defined which it is. +
++If you want to get full details of all captured substrings for a given name, +you must use the pcre_get_stringtable_entries() function. The first +argument is the compiled pattern, and the second is the name. The third and +fourth are pointers to variables which are updated by the function. After it +has run, they point to the first and last entries in the name-to-number table +for the given name. The function itself returns the length of each entry, or +PCRE_ERROR_NOSUBSTRING (-7) if there are none. The format of the table is +described above in the section entitled Information about a pattern. +Given all the relevant entries for the name, you can extract each of their +numbers, and hence the captured data, if any. +
++The traditional matching function uses a similar algorithm to Perl, which stops +when it finds the first match, starting at a given point in the subject. If you +want to find all possible matches, or the longest possible match, consider +using the alternative matching function (see below) instead. If you cannot use +the alternative function, but still need to find all possible matches, you +can kludge it up by making use of the callout facility, which is described in +the +pcrecallout +documentation. +
++What you have to do is to insert a callout right at the end of the pattern. +When your callout function is called, extract and save the current matched +substring. Then return 1, which forces pcre_exec() to backtrack and try +other alternatives. Ultimately, when it runs out of matches, pcre_exec() +will yield PCRE_ERROR_NOMATCH. +
++int pcre_dfa_exec(const pcre *code, const pcre_extra *extra, +const char *subject, int length, int startoffset, +int options, int *ovector, int ovecsize, +int *workspace, int wscount); +
++The function pcre_dfa_exec() is called to match a subject string against +a compiled pattern, using a matching algorithm that scans the subject string +just once, and does not backtrack. This has different characteristics to the +normal algorithm, and is not compatible with Perl. Some of the features of PCRE +patterns are not supported. Nevertheless, there are times when this kind of +matching can be useful. For a discussion of the two matching algorithms, and a +list of features that pcre_dfa_exec() does not support, see the +pcrematching +documentation. +
++The arguments for the pcre_dfa_exec() function are the same as for +pcre_exec(), plus two extras. The ovector argument is used in a +different way, and this is described below. The other common arguments are used +in the same way as for pcre_exec(), so their description is not repeated +here. +
++The two additional arguments provide workspace for the function. The workspace +vector should contain at least 20 elements. It is used for keeping track of +multiple paths through the pattern tree. More workspace will be needed for +patterns and subjects where there are a lot of potential matches. +
++Here is an example of a simple call to pcre_dfa_exec(): +
+ int rc; + int ovector[10]; + int wspace[20]; + rc = pcre_dfa_exec( + re, /* result of pcre_compile() */ + NULL, /* we didn't study the pattern */ + "some string", /* the subject string */ + 11, /* the length of the subject string */ + 0, /* start at offset 0 in the subject */ + 0, /* default options */ + ovector, /* vector of integers for substring information */ + 10, /* number of elements (NOT size in bytes) */ + wspace, /* working space vector */ + 20); /* number of elements (NOT size in bytes) */ ++ +
+The unused bits of the options argument for pcre_dfa_exec() must be +zero. The only bits that may be set are PCRE_ANCHORED, PCRE_NEWLINE_xxx, +PCRE_NOTBOL, PCRE_NOTEOL, PCRE_NOTEMPTY, PCRE_NOTEMPTY_ATSTART, +PCRE_NO_UTF8_CHECK, PCRE_PARTIAL_HARD, PCRE_PARTIAL_SOFT, PCRE_DFA_SHORTEST, +and PCRE_DFA_RESTART. All but the last four of these are exactly the same as +for pcre_exec(), so their description is not repeated here. +
+ PCRE_PARTIAL_HARD + PCRE_PARTIAL_SOFT ++These have the same general effect as they do for pcre_exec(), but the +details are slightly different. When PCRE_PARTIAL_HARD is set for +pcre_dfa_exec(), it returns PCRE_ERROR_PARTIAL if the end of the subject +is reached and there is still at least one matching possibility that requires +additional characters. This happens even if some complete matches have also +been found. When PCRE_PARTIAL_SOFT is set, the return code PCRE_ERROR_NOMATCH +is converted into PCRE_ERROR_PARTIAL if the end of the subject is reached, +there have been no complete matches, but there is still at least one matching +possibility. The portion of the string that was inspected when the longest +partial match was found is set as the first matching string in both cases. +
+ PCRE_DFA_SHORTEST ++Setting the PCRE_DFA_SHORTEST option causes the matching algorithm to stop as +soon as it has found one match. Because of the way the alternative algorithm +works, this is necessarily the shortest possible match at the first possible +matching point in the subject string. +
+ PCRE_DFA_RESTART ++When pcre_dfa_exec() returns a partial match, it is possible to call it +again, with additional subject characters, and have it continue with the same +match. The PCRE_DFA_RESTART option requests this action; when it is set, the +workspace and wscount options must reference the same vector as +before because data about the match so far is left in them after a partial +match. There is more discussion of this facility in the +pcrepartial +documentation. + +
+When pcre_dfa_exec() succeeds, it may have matched more than one +substring in the subject. Note, however, that all the matches from one run of +the function start at the same point in the subject. The shorter matches are +all initial substrings of the longer matches. For example, if the pattern +
+ <.*> ++is matched against the string +
+ This is <something> <something else> <something further> no more ++the three matched strings are +
+ <something> + <something> <something else> + <something> <something else> <something further> ++On success, the yield of the function is a number greater than zero, which is +the number of matched substrings. The substrings themselves are returned in +ovector. Each string uses two elements; the first is the offset to the +start, and the second is the offset to the end. In fact, all the strings have +the same start offset. (Space could have been saved by giving this only once, +but it was decided to retain some compatibility with the way pcre_exec() +returns data, even though the meaning of the strings is different.) + +
+The strings are returned in reverse order of length; that is, the longest +matching string is given first. If there were too many matches to fit into +ovector, the yield of the function is zero, and the vector is filled with +the longest matches. +
++The pcre_dfa_exec() function returns a negative number when it fails. +Many of the errors are the same as for pcre_exec(), and these are +described +above. +There are in addition the following errors that are specific to +pcre_dfa_exec(): +
+ PCRE_ERROR_DFA_UITEM (-16) ++This return is given if pcre_dfa_exec() encounters an item in the pattern +that it does not support, for instance, the use of \C or a back reference. +
+ PCRE_ERROR_DFA_UCOND (-17) ++This return is given if pcre_dfa_exec() encounters a condition item that +uses a back reference for the condition, or a test for recursion in a specific +group. These are not supported. +
+ PCRE_ERROR_DFA_UMLIMIT (-18) ++This return is given if pcre_dfa_exec() is called with an extra +block that contains a setting of the match_limit field. This is not +supported (it is meaningless). +
+ PCRE_ERROR_DFA_WSSIZE (-19) ++This return is given if pcre_dfa_exec() runs out of space in the +workspace vector. +
+ PCRE_ERROR_DFA_RECURSE (-20) ++When a recursive subpattern is processed, the matching function calls itself +recursively, using private vectors for ovector and workspace. This +error is given if the output vector is not large enough. This should be +extremely rare, as a vector of size 1000 is used. + +
+pcrebuild(3), pcrecallout(3), pcrecpp(3)(3), +pcrematching(3), pcrepartial(3), pcreposix(3), +pcreprecompile(3), pcresample(3), pcrestack(3). +
+
+Philip Hazel
+
+University Computing Service
+
+Cambridge CB2 3QH, England.
+
+
+Last updated: 03 October 2009
+
+Copyright © 1997-2009 University of Cambridge.
+
+
+Return to the PCRE index page. +
diff --git a/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcrebuild.html b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcrebuild.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..22f83c61b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcrebuild.html @@ -0,0 +1,354 @@ + + ++Return to the PCRE index page. +
+
+This page is part of the PCRE HTML documentation. It was generated automatically
+from the original man page. If there is any nonsense in it, please consult the
+man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
+
+
+This document describes the optional features of PCRE that can be selected when +the library is compiled. It assumes use of the configure script, where +the optional features are selected or deselected by providing options to +configure before running the make command. However, the same +options can be selected in both Unix-like and non-Unix-like environments using +the GUI facility of cmake-gui if you are using CMake instead of +configure to build PCRE. +
++There is a lot more information about building PCRE in non-Unix-like +environments in the file called NON_UNIX_USE, which is part of the PCRE +distribution. You should consult this file as well as the README file if +you are building in a non-Unix-like environment. +
++The complete list of options for configure (which includes the standard +ones such as the selection of the installation directory) can be obtained by +running +
+ ./configure --help ++The following sections include descriptions of options whose names begin with +--enable or --disable. These settings specify changes to the defaults for the +configure command. Because of the way that configure works, +--enable and --disable always come in pairs, so the complementary option always +exists as well, but as it specifies the default, it is not described. + +
+By default, the configure script will search for a C++ compiler and C++ +header files. If it finds them, it automatically builds the C++ wrapper library +for PCRE. You can disable this by adding +
+ --disable-cpp ++to the configure command. + +
+To build PCRE with support for UTF-8 Unicode character strings, add +
+ --enable-utf8 ++to the configure command. Of itself, this does not make PCRE treat +strings as UTF-8. As well as compiling PCRE with this option, you also have +have to set the PCRE_UTF8 option when you call the pcre_compile() +or pcre_compile2() functions. + +
+If you set --enable-utf8 when compiling in an EBCDIC environment, PCRE expects +its input to be either ASCII or UTF-8 (depending on the runtime option). It is +not possible to support both EBCDIC and UTF-8 codes in the same version of the +library. Consequently, --enable-utf8 and --enable-ebcdic are mutually +exclusive. +
++UTF-8 support allows PCRE to process character values greater than 255 in the +strings that it handles. On its own, however, it does not provide any +facilities for accessing the properties of such characters. If you want to be +able to use the pattern escapes \P, \p, and \X, which refer to Unicode +character properties, you must add +
+ --enable-unicode-properties ++to the configure command. This implies UTF-8 support, even if you have +not explicitly requested it. + +
+Including Unicode property support adds around 30K of tables to the PCRE +library. Only the general category properties such as Lu and Nd are +supported. Details are given in the +pcrepattern +documentation. +
++By default, PCRE interprets the linefeed (LF) character as indicating the end +of a line. This is the normal newline character on Unix-like systems. You can +compile PCRE to use carriage return (CR) instead, by adding +
+ --enable-newline-is-cr ++to the configure command. There is also a --enable-newline-is-lf option, +which explicitly specifies linefeed as the newline character. +
+ --enable-newline-is-crlf ++to the configure command. There is a fourth option, specified by +
+ --enable-newline-is-anycrlf ++which causes PCRE to recognize any of the three sequences CR, LF, or CRLF as +indicating a line ending. Finally, a fifth option, specified by +
+ --enable-newline-is-any ++causes PCRE to recognize any Unicode newline sequence. + +
+Whatever line ending convention is selected when PCRE is built can be +overridden when the library functions are called. At build time it is +conventional to use the standard for your operating system. +
++By default, the sequence \R in a pattern matches any Unicode newline sequence, +whatever has been selected as the line ending sequence. If you specify +
+ --enable-bsr-anycrlf ++the default is changed so that \R matches only CR, LF, or CRLF. Whatever is +selected when PCRE is built can be overridden when the library functions are +called. + +
+The PCRE building process uses libtool to build both shared and static +Unix libraries by default. You can suppress one of these by adding one of +
+ --disable-shared + --disable-static ++to the configure command, as required. + +
+When PCRE is called through the POSIX interface (see the +pcreposix +documentation), additional working storage is required for holding the pointers +to capturing substrings, because PCRE requires three integers per substring, +whereas the POSIX interface provides only two. If the number of expected +substrings is small, the wrapper function uses space on the stack, because this +is faster than using malloc() for each call. The default threshold above +which the stack is no longer used is 10; it can be changed by adding a setting +such as +
+ --with-posix-malloc-threshold=20 ++to the configure command. + +
+Within a compiled pattern, offset values are used to point from one part to +another (for example, from an opening parenthesis to an alternation +metacharacter). By default, two-byte values are used for these offsets, leading +to a maximum size for a compiled pattern of around 64K. This is sufficient to +handle all but the most gigantic patterns. Nevertheless, some people do want to +process truyl enormous patterns, so it is possible to compile PCRE to use +three-byte or four-byte offsets by adding a setting such as +
+ --with-link-size=3 ++to the configure command. The value given must be 2, 3, or 4. Using +longer offsets slows down the operation of PCRE because it has to load +additional bytes when handling them. + +
+When matching with the pcre_exec() function, PCRE implements backtracking +by making recursive calls to an internal function called match(). In +environments where the size of the stack is limited, this can severely limit +PCRE's operation. (The Unix environment does not usually suffer from this +problem, but it may sometimes be necessary to increase the maximum stack size. +There is a discussion in the +pcrestack +documentation.) An alternative approach to recursion that uses memory from the +heap to remember data, instead of using recursive function calls, has been +implemented to work round the problem of limited stack size. If you want to +build a version of PCRE that works this way, add +
+ --disable-stack-for-recursion ++to the configure command. With this configuration, PCRE will use the +pcre_stack_malloc and pcre_stack_free variables to call memory +management functions. By default these point to malloc() and +free(), but you can replace the pointers so that your own functions are +used instead. + +
+Separate functions are provided rather than using pcre_malloc and +pcre_free because the usage is very predictable: the block sizes +requested are always the same, and the blocks are always freed in reverse +order. A calling program might be able to implement optimized functions that +perform better than malloc() and free(). PCRE runs noticeably more +slowly when built in this way. This option affects only the pcre_exec() +function; it is not relevant for pcre_dfa_exec(). +
++Internally, PCRE has a function called match(), which it calls repeatedly +(sometimes recursively) when matching a pattern with the pcre_exec() +function. By controlling the maximum number of times this function may be +called during a single matching operation, a limit can be placed on the +resources used by a single call to pcre_exec(). The limit can be changed +at run time, as described in the +pcreapi +documentation. The default is 10 million, but this can be changed by adding a +setting such as +
+ --with-match-limit=500000 ++to the configure command. This setting has no effect on the +pcre_dfa_exec() matching function. + +
+In some environments it is desirable to limit the depth of recursive calls of +match() more strictly than the total number of calls, in order to +restrict the maximum amount of stack (or heap, if --disable-stack-for-recursion +is specified) that is used. A second limit controls this; it defaults to the +value that is set for --with-match-limit, which imposes no additional +constraints. However, you can set a lower limit by adding, for example, +
+ --with-match-limit-recursion=10000 ++to the configure command. This value can also be overridden at run time. + +
+PCRE uses fixed tables for processing characters whose code values are less +than 256. By default, PCRE is built with a set of tables that are distributed +in the file pcre_chartables.c.dist. These tables are for ASCII codes +only. If you add +
+ --enable-rebuild-chartables ++to the configure command, the distributed tables are no longer used. +Instead, a program called dftables is compiled and run. This outputs the +source for new set of tables, created in the default locale of your C runtime +system. (This method of replacing the tables does not work if you are cross +compiling, because dftables is run on the local host. If you need to +create alternative tables when cross compiling, you will have to do so "by +hand".) + +
+PCRE assumes by default that it will run in an environment where the character +code is ASCII (or Unicode, which is a superset of ASCII). This is the case for +most computer operating systems. PCRE can, however, be compiled to run in an +EBCDIC environment by adding +
+ --enable-ebcdic ++to the configure command. This setting implies +--enable-rebuild-chartables. You should only use it if you know that you are in +an EBCDIC environment (for example, an IBM mainframe operating system). The +--enable-ebcdic option is incompatible with --enable-utf8. + +
+By default, pcregrep reads all files as plain text. You can build it so +that it recognizes files whose names end in .gz or .bz2, and reads +them with libz or libbz2, respectively, by adding one or both of +
+ --enable-pcregrep-libz + --enable-pcregrep-libbz2 ++to the configure command. These options naturally require that the +relevant libraries are installed on your system. Configuration will fail if +they are not. + +
+If you add +
+ --enable-pcretest-libreadline ++to the configure command, pcretest is linked with the +libreadline library, and when its input is from a terminal, it reads it +using the readline() function. This provides line-editing and history +facilities. Note that libreadline is GPL-licensed, so if you distribute a +binary of pcretest linked in this way, there may be licensing issues. + +
+Setting this option causes the -lreadline option to be added to the +pcretest build. In many operating environments with a sytem-installed +libreadline this is sufficient. However, in some environments (e.g. +if an unmodified distribution version of readline is in use), some extra +configuration may be necessary. The INSTALL file for libreadline says +this: +
+ "Readline uses the termcap functions, but does not link with the + termcap or curses library itself, allowing applications which link + with readline the to choose an appropriate library." ++If your environment has not been set up so that an appropriate library is +automatically included, you may need to add something like +
+ LIBS="-ncurses" ++immediately before the configure command. + +
+pcreapi(3), pcre_config(3). +
+
+Philip Hazel
+
+University Computing Service
+
+Cambridge CB2 3QH, England.
+
+
+Last updated: 29 September 2009
+
+Copyright © 1997-2009 University of Cambridge.
+
+
+Return to the PCRE index page. +
diff --git a/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcrecallout.html b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcrecallout.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ab2e2d5ecb --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcrecallout.html @@ -0,0 +1,215 @@ + + ++Return to the PCRE index page. +
+
+This page is part of the PCRE HTML documentation. It was generated automatically
+from the original man page. If there is any nonsense in it, please consult the
+man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
+
+
+int (*pcre_callout)(pcre_callout_block *); +
++PCRE provides a feature called "callout", which is a means of temporarily +passing control to the caller of PCRE in the middle of pattern matching. The +caller of PCRE provides an external function by putting its entry point in the +global variable pcre_callout. By default, this variable contains NULL, +which disables all calling out. +
++Within a regular expression, (?C) indicates the points at which the external +function is to be called. Different callout points can be identified by putting +a number less than 256 after the letter C. The default value is zero. +For example, this pattern has two callout points: +
+ (?C1)abc(?C2)def ++If the PCRE_AUTO_CALLOUT option bit is set when pcre_compile() or +pcre_compile2() is called, PCRE automatically inserts callouts, all with +number 255, before each item in the pattern. For example, if PCRE_AUTO_CALLOUT +is used with the pattern +
+ A(\d{2}|--) ++it is processed as if it were +
+You should be aware that, because of optimizations in the way PCRE matches +patterns by default, callouts sometimes do not happen. For example, if the +pattern is +
+ ab(?C4)cd ++PCRE knows that any matching string must contain the letter "d". If the subject +string is "abyz", the lack of "d" means that matching doesn't ever start, and +the callout is never reached. However, with "abyd", though the result is still +no match, the callout is obeyed. + +
+If the pattern is studied, PCRE knows the minimum length of a matching string, +and will immediately give a "no match" return without actually running a match +if the subject is not long enough, or, for unanchored patterns, if it has +been scanned far enough. +
++You can disable these optimizations by passing the PCRE_NO_START_OPTIMIZE +option to pcre_exec() or pcre_dfa_exec(). This slows down the +matching process, but does ensure that callouts such as the example above are +obeyed. +
++During matching, when PCRE reaches a callout point, the external function +defined by pcre_callout is called (if it is set). This applies to both +the pcre_exec() and the pcre_dfa_exec() matching functions. The +only argument to the callout function is a pointer to a pcre_callout +block. This structure contains the following fields: +
+ int version; + int callout_number; + int *offset_vector; + const char *subject; + int subject_length; + int start_match; + int current_position; + int capture_top; + int capture_last; + void *callout_data; + int pattern_position; + int next_item_length; ++The version field is an integer containing the version number of the +block format. The initial version was 0; the current version is 1. The version +number will change again in future if additional fields are added, but the +intention is never to remove any of the existing fields. + +
+The callout_number field contains the number of the callout, as compiled +into the pattern (that is, the number after ?C for manual callouts, and 255 for +automatically generated callouts). +
++The offset_vector field is a pointer to the vector of offsets that was +passed by the caller to pcre_exec() or pcre_dfa_exec(). When +pcre_exec() is used, the contents can be inspected in order to extract +substrings that have been matched so far, in the same way as for extracting +substrings after a match has completed. For pcre_dfa_exec() this field is +not useful. +
++The subject and subject_length fields contain copies of the values +that were passed to pcre_exec(). +
++The start_match field normally contains the offset within the subject at +which the current match attempt started. However, if the escape sequence \K +has been encountered, this value is changed to reflect the modified starting +point. If the pattern is not anchored, the callout function may be called +several times from the same point in the pattern for different starting points +in the subject. +
++The current_position field contains the offset within the subject of the +current match pointer. +
++When the pcre_exec() function is used, the capture_top field +contains one more than the number of the highest numbered captured substring so +far. If no substrings have been captured, the value of capture_top is +one. This is always the case when pcre_dfa_exec() is used, because it +does not support captured substrings. +
++The capture_last field contains the number of the most recently captured +substring. If no substrings have been captured, its value is -1. This is always +the case when pcre_dfa_exec() is used. +
++The callout_data field contains a value that is passed to +pcre_exec() or pcre_dfa_exec() specifically so that it can be +passed back in callouts. It is passed in the pcre_callout field of the +pcre_extra data structure. If no such data was passed, the value of +callout_data in a pcre_callout block is NULL. There is a +description of the pcre_extra structure in the +pcreapi +documentation. +
++The pattern_position field is present from version 1 of the +pcre_callout structure. It contains the offset to the next item to be +matched in the pattern string. +
++The next_item_length field is present from version 1 of the +pcre_callout structure. It contains the length of the next item to be +matched in the pattern string. When the callout immediately precedes an +alternation bar, a closing parenthesis, or the end of the pattern, the length +is zero. When the callout precedes an opening parenthesis, the length is that +of the entire subpattern. +
++The pattern_position and next_item_length fields are intended to +help in distinguishing between different automatic callouts, which all have the +same callout number. However, they are set for all callouts. +
++The external callout function returns an integer to PCRE. If the value is zero, +matching proceeds as normal. If the value is greater than zero, matching fails +at the current point, but the testing of other matching possibilities goes +ahead, just as if a lookahead assertion had failed. If the value is less than +zero, the match is abandoned, and pcre_exec() or pcre_dfa_exec() +returns the negative value. +
++Negative values should normally be chosen from the set of PCRE_ERROR_xxx +values. In particular, PCRE_ERROR_NOMATCH forces a standard "no match" failure. +The error number PCRE_ERROR_CALLOUT is reserved for use by callout functions; +it will never be used by PCRE itself. +
+
+Philip Hazel
+
+University Computing Service
+
+Cambridge CB2 3QH, England.
+
+
+Last updated: 29 September 2009
+
+Copyright © 1997-2009 University of Cambridge.
+
+
+Return to the PCRE index page. +
diff --git a/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcrecompat.html b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcrecompat.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..22f34df2a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcrecompat.html @@ -0,0 +1,196 @@ + + ++Return to the PCRE index page. +
+
+This page is part of the PCRE HTML documentation. It was generated automatically
+from the original man page. If there is any nonsense in it, please consult the
+man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
+
+
+DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PCRE AND PERL
+
+
+This document describes the differences in the ways that PCRE and Perl handle +regular expressions. The differences described here are with respect to Perl +5.10. +
++1. PCRE has only a subset of Perl's UTF-8 and Unicode support. Details of what +it does have are given in the +section on UTF-8 support +in the main +pcre +page. +
++2. PCRE does not allow repeat quantifiers on lookahead assertions. Perl permits +them, but they do not mean what you might think. For example, (?!a){3} does +not assert that the next three characters are not "a". It just asserts that the +next character is not "a" three times. +
++3. Capturing subpatterns that occur inside negative lookahead assertions are +counted, but their entries in the offsets vector are never set. Perl sets its +numerical variables from any such patterns that are matched before the +assertion fails to match something (thereby succeeding), but only if the +negative lookahead assertion contains just one branch. +
++4. Though binary zero characters are supported in the subject string, they are +not allowed in a pattern string because it is passed as a normal C string, +terminated by zero. The escape sequence \0 can be used in the pattern to +represent a binary zero. +
++5. The following Perl escape sequences are not supported: \l, \u, \L, +\U, and \N. In fact these are implemented by Perl's general string-handling +and are not part of its pattern matching engine. If any of these are +encountered by PCRE, an error is generated. +
++6. The Perl escape sequences \p, \P, and \X are supported only if PCRE is +built with Unicode character property support. The properties that can be +tested with \p and \P are limited to the general category properties such as +Lu and Nd, script names such as Greek or Han, and the derived properties Any +and L&. PCRE does support the Cs (surrogate) property, which Perl does not; the +Perl documentation says "Because Perl hides the need for the user to understand +the internal representation of Unicode characters, there is no need to +implement the somewhat messy concept of surrogates." +
++7. PCRE does support the \Q...\E escape for quoting substrings. Characters in +between are treated as literals. This is slightly different from Perl in that $ +and @ are also handled as literals inside the quotes. In Perl, they cause +variable interpolation (but of course PCRE does not have variables). Note the +following examples: +
+ Pattern PCRE matches Perl matches + + \Qabc$xyz\E abc$xyz abc followed by the contents of $xyz + \Qabc\$xyz\E abc\$xyz abc\$xyz + \Qabc\E\$\Qxyz\E abc$xyz abc$xyz ++The \Q...\E sequence is recognized both inside and outside character classes. + +
+8. Fairly obviously, PCRE does not support the (?{code}) and (??{code}) +constructions. However, there is support for recursive patterns. This is not +available in Perl 5.8, but it is in Perl 5.10. Also, the PCRE "callout" +feature allows an external function to be called during pattern matching. See +the +pcrecallout +documentation for details. +
++9. Subpatterns that are called recursively or as "subroutines" are always +treated as atomic groups in PCRE. This is like Python, but unlike Perl. There +is a discussion of an example that explains this in more detail in the +section on recursion differences from Perl +in the +pcrepattern +page. +
++10. There are some differences that are concerned with the settings of captured +strings when part of a pattern is repeated. For example, matching "aba" against +the pattern /^(a(b)?)+$/ in Perl leaves $2 unset, but in PCRE it is set to "b". +
++11. PCRE does support Perl 5.10's backtracking verbs (*ACCEPT), (*FAIL), (*F), +(*COMMIT), (*PRUNE), (*SKIP), and (*THEN), but only in the forms without an +argument. PCRE does not support (*MARK). +
++12. PCRE's handling of duplicate subpattern numbers and duplicate subpattern +names is not as general as Perl's. This is a consequence of the fact the PCRE +works internally just with numbers, using an external table to translate +between numbers and names. In particular, a pattern such as (?|(?<a>A)|(?<b)B), +where the two capturing parentheses have the same number but different names, +is not supported, and causes an error at compile time. If it were allowed, it +would not be possible to distinguish which parentheses matched, because both +names map to capturing subpattern number 1. To avoid this confusing situation, +an error is given at compile time. +
+
+13. PCRE provides some extensions to the Perl regular expression facilities.
+Perl 5.10 includes new features that are not in earlier versions of Perl, some
+of which (such as named parentheses) have been in PCRE for some time. This list
+is with respect to Perl 5.10:
+
+
+(a) Although lookbehind assertions in PCRE must match fixed length strings,
+each alternative branch of a lookbehind assertion can match a different length
+of string. Perl requires them all to have the same length.
+
+
+(b) If PCRE_DOLLAR_ENDONLY is set and PCRE_MULTILINE is not set, the $
+meta-character matches only at the very end of the string.
+
+
+(c) If PCRE_EXTRA is set, a backslash followed by a letter with no special
+meaning is faulted. Otherwise, like Perl, the backslash is quietly ignored.
+(Perl can be made to issue a warning.)
+
+
+(d) If PCRE_UNGREEDY is set, the greediness of the repetition quantifiers is
+inverted, that is, by default they are not greedy, but if followed by a
+question mark they are.
+
+
+(e) PCRE_ANCHORED can be used at matching time to force a pattern to be tried
+only at the first matching position in the subject string.
+
+
+(f) The PCRE_NOTBOL, PCRE_NOTEOL, PCRE_NOTEMPTY, PCRE_NOTEMPTY_ATSTART, and
+PCRE_NO_AUTO_CAPTURE options for pcre_exec() have no Perl equivalents.
+
+
+(g) The \R escape sequence can be restricted to match only CR, LF, or CRLF
+by the PCRE_BSR_ANYCRLF option.
+
+
+(h) The callout facility is PCRE-specific.
+
+
+(i) The partial matching facility is PCRE-specific.
+
+
+(j) Patterns compiled by PCRE can be saved and re-used at a later time, even on
+different hosts that have the other endianness.
+
+
+(k) The alternative matching function (pcre_dfa_exec()) matches in a
+different way and is not Perl-compatible.
+
+
+(l) PCRE recognizes some special sequences such as (*CR) at the start of
+a pattern that set overall options that cannot be changed within the pattern.
+
+Philip Hazel
+
+University Computing Service
+
+Cambridge CB2 3QH, England.
+
+
+Last updated: 04 October 2009
+
+Copyright © 1997-2009 University of Cambridge.
+
+
+Return to the PCRE index page. +
diff --git a/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcrecpp.html b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcrecpp.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7b52d92fda --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcrecpp.html @@ -0,0 +1,370 @@ + + ++Return to the PCRE index page. +
+
+This page is part of the PCRE HTML documentation. It was generated automatically
+from the original man page. If there is any nonsense in it, please consult the
+man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
+
+
+#include <pcrecpp.h> +
++The C++ wrapper for PCRE was provided by Google Inc. Some additional +functionality was added by Giuseppe Maxia. This brief man page was constructed +from the notes in the pcrecpp.h file, which should be consulted for +further details. +
++The "FullMatch" operation checks that supplied text matches a supplied pattern +exactly. If pointer arguments are supplied, it copies matched sub-strings that +match sub-patterns into them. +
+ Example: successful match + pcrecpp::RE re("h.*o"); + re.FullMatch("hello"); + + Example: unsuccessful match (requires full match): + pcrecpp::RE re("e"); + !re.FullMatch("hello"); + + Example: creating a temporary RE object: + pcrecpp::RE("h.*o").FullMatch("hello"); ++You can pass in a "const char*" or a "string" for "text". The examples below +tend to use a const char*. You can, as in the different examples above, store +the RE object explicitly in a variable or use a temporary RE object. The +examples below use one mode or the other arbitrarily. Either could correctly be +used for any of these examples. + +
+You must supply extra pointer arguments to extract matched subpieces. +
+ Example: extracts "ruby" into "s" and 1234 into "i" + int i; + string s; + pcrecpp::RE re("(\\w+):(\\d+)"); + re.FullMatch("ruby:1234", &s, &i); + + Example: does not try to extract any extra sub-patterns + re.FullMatch("ruby:1234", &s); + + Example: does not try to extract into NULL + re.FullMatch("ruby:1234", NULL, &i); + + Example: integer overflow causes failure + !re.FullMatch("ruby:1234567891234", NULL, &i); + + Example: fails because there aren't enough sub-patterns: + !pcrecpp::RE("\\w+:\\d+").FullMatch("ruby:1234", &s); + + Example: fails because string cannot be stored in integer + !pcrecpp::RE("(.*)").FullMatch("ruby", &i); ++The provided pointer arguments can be pointers to any scalar numeric +type, or one of: +
+ string (matched piece is copied to string) + StringPiece (StringPiece is mutated to point to matched piece) + T (where "bool T::ParseFrom(const char*, int)" exists) + NULL (the corresponding matched sub-pattern is not copied) ++The function returns true iff all of the following conditions are satisfied: +
+ a. "text" matches "pattern" exactly; + + b. The number of matched sub-patterns is >= number of supplied + pointers; + + c. The "i"th argument has a suitable type for holding the + string captured as the "i"th sub-pattern. If you pass in + void * NULL for the "i"th argument, or a non-void * NULL + of the correct type, or pass fewer arguments than the + number of sub-patterns, "i"th captured sub-pattern is + ignored. ++CAVEAT: An optional sub-pattern that does not exist in the matched +string is assigned the empty string. Therefore, the following will +return false (because the empty string is not a valid number): +
+ int number; + pcrecpp::RE::FullMatch("abc", "[a-z]+(\\d+)?", &number); ++The matching interface supports at most 16 arguments per call. +If you need more, consider using the more general interface +pcrecpp::RE::DoMatch. See pcrecpp.h for the signature for +DoMatch. + +
+NOTE: Do not use no_arg, which is used internally to mark the end of a +list of optional arguments, as a placeholder for missing arguments, as this can +lead to segfaults. +
++You can use the "QuoteMeta" operation to insert backslashes before all +potentially meaningful characters in a string. The returned string, used as a +regular expression, will exactly match the original string. +
+ Example: + string quoted = RE::QuoteMeta(unquoted); ++Note that it's legal to escape a character even if it has no special meaning in +a regular expression -- so this function does that. (This also makes it +identical to the perl function of the same name; see "perldoc -f quotemeta".) +For example, "1.5-2.0?" becomes "1\.5\-2\.0\?". + +
+You can use the "PartialMatch" operation when you want the pattern +to match any substring of the text. +
+ Example: simple search for a string: + pcrecpp::RE("ell").PartialMatch("hello"); + + Example: find first number in a string: + int number; + pcrecpp::RE re("(\\d+)"); + re.PartialMatch("x*100 + 20", &number); + assert(number == 100); ++ +
+By default, pattern and text are plain text, one byte per character. The UTF8 +flag, passed to the constructor, causes both pattern and string to be treated +as UTF-8 text, still a byte stream but potentially multiple bytes per +character. In practice, the text is likelier to be UTF-8 than the pattern, but +the match returned may depend on the UTF8 flag, so always use it when matching +UTF8 text. For example, "." will match one byte normally but with UTF8 set may +match up to three bytes of a multi-byte character. +
+ Example: + pcrecpp::RE_Options options; + options.set_utf8(); + pcrecpp::RE re(utf8_pattern, options); + re.FullMatch(utf8_string); + + Example: using the convenience function UTF8(): + pcrecpp::RE re(utf8_pattern, pcrecpp::UTF8()); + re.FullMatch(utf8_string); ++NOTE: The UTF8 flag is ignored if pcre was not configured with the +
+ --enable-utf8 flag. ++ +
+PCRE defines some modifiers to change the behavior of the regular expression +engine. The C++ wrapper defines an auxiliary class, RE_Options, as a vehicle to +pass such modifiers to a RE class. Currently, the following modifiers are +supported: +
+ modifier description Perl corresponding + + PCRE_CASELESS case insensitive match /i + PCRE_MULTILINE multiple lines match /m + PCRE_DOTALL dot matches newlines /s + PCRE_DOLLAR_ENDONLY $ matches only at end N/A + PCRE_EXTRA strict escape parsing N/A + PCRE_EXTENDED ignore whitespaces /x + PCRE_UTF8 handles UTF8 chars built-in + PCRE_UNGREEDY reverses * and *? N/A + PCRE_NO_AUTO_CAPTURE disables capturing parens N/A (*) ++(*) Both Perl and PCRE allow non capturing parentheses by means of the +"?:" modifier within the pattern itself. e.g. (?:ab|cd) does not +capture, while (ab|cd) does. + +
+For a full account on how each modifier works, please check the +PCRE API reference page. +
++For each modifier, there are two member functions whose name is made +out of the modifier in lowercase, without the "PCRE_" prefix. For +instance, PCRE_CASELESS is handled by +
+ bool caseless() ++which returns true if the modifier is set, and +
+ RE_Options & set_caseless(bool) ++which sets or unsets the modifier. Moreover, PCRE_EXTRA_MATCH_LIMIT can be +accessed through the set_match_limit() and match_limit() member +functions. Setting match_limit to a non-zero value will limit the +execution of pcre to keep it from doing bad things like blowing the stack or +taking an eternity to return a result. A value of 5000 is good enough to stop +stack blowup in a 2MB thread stack. Setting match_limit to zero disables +match limiting. Alternatively, you can call match_limit_recursion() +which uses PCRE_EXTRA_MATCH_LIMIT_RECURSION to limit how much PCRE +recurses. match_limit() limits the number of matches PCRE does; +match_limit_recursion() limits the depth of internal recursion, and +therefore the amount of stack that is used. + +
+Normally, to pass one or more modifiers to a RE class, you declare +a RE_Options object, set the appropriate options, and pass this +object to a RE constructor. Example: +
+ RE_options opt; + opt.set_caseless(true); + if (RE("HELLO", opt).PartialMatch("hello world")) ... ++RE_options has two constructors. The default constructor takes no arguments and +creates a set of flags that are off by default. The optional parameter +option_flags is to facilitate transfer of legacy code from C programs. +This lets you do +
+ RE(pattern, + RE_Options(PCRE_CASELESS|PCRE_MULTILINE)).PartialMatch(str); ++However, new code is better off doing +
+ RE(pattern, + RE_Options().set_caseless(true).set_multiline(true)) + .PartialMatch(str); ++If you are going to pass one of the most used modifiers, there are some +convenience functions that return a RE_Options class with the +appropriate modifier already set: CASELESS(), UTF8(), +MULTILINE(), DOTALL(), and EXTENDED(). + +
+If you need to set several options at once, and you don't want to go through +the pains of declaring a RE_Options object and setting several options, there +is a parallel method that give you such ability on the fly. You can concatenate +several set_xxxxx() member functions, since each of them returns a +reference to its class object. For example, to pass PCRE_CASELESS, +PCRE_EXTENDED, and PCRE_MULTILINE to a RE with one statement, you may write: +
+ RE(" ^ xyz \\s+ .* blah$", + RE_Options() + .set_caseless(true) + .set_extended(true) + .set_multiline(true)).PartialMatch(sometext); + ++ +
+The "Consume" operation may be useful if you want to repeatedly +match regular expressions at the front of a string and skip over +them as they match. This requires use of the "StringPiece" type, +which represents a sub-range of a real string. Like RE, StringPiece +is defined in the pcrecpp namespace. +
+ Example: read lines of the form "var = value" from a string. + string contents = ...; // Fill string somehow + pcrecpp::StringPiece input(contents); // Wrap in a StringPiece ++ +
+
+ string var; + int value; + pcrecpp::RE re("(\\w+) = (\\d+)\n"); + while (re.Consume(&input, &var, &value)) { + ...; + } ++Each successful call to "Consume" will set "var/value", and also +advance "input" so it points past the matched text. + +
+The "FindAndConsume" operation is similar to "Consume" but does not +anchor your match at the beginning of the string. For example, you +could extract all words from a string by repeatedly calling +
+ pcrecpp::RE("(\\w+)").FindAndConsume(&input, &word) ++ +
+By default, if you pass a pointer to a numeric value, the +corresponding text is interpreted as a base-10 number. You can +instead wrap the pointer with a call to one of the operators Hex(), +Octal(), or CRadix() to interpret the text in another base. The +CRadix operator interprets C-style "0" (base-8) and "0x" (base-16) +prefixes, but defaults to base-10. +
+ Example: + int a, b, c, d; + pcrecpp::RE re("(.*) (.*) (.*) (.*)"); + re.FullMatch("100 40 0100 0x40", + pcrecpp::Octal(&a), pcrecpp::Hex(&b), + pcrecpp::CRadix(&c), pcrecpp::CRadix(&d)); ++will leave 64 in a, b, c, and d. + +
+You can replace the first match of "pattern" in "str" with "rewrite". +Within "rewrite", backslash-escaped digits (\1 to \9) can be +used to insert text matching corresponding parenthesized group +from the pattern. \0 in "rewrite" refers to the entire matching +text. For example: +
+ string s = "yabba dabba doo"; + pcrecpp::RE("b+").Replace("d", &s); ++will leave "s" containing "yada dabba doo". The result is true if the pattern +matches and a replacement occurs, false otherwise. + +
+GlobalReplace is like Replace except that it replaces all +occurrences of the pattern in the string with the rewrite. Replacements are +not subject to re-matching. For example: +
+ string s = "yabba dabba doo"; + pcrecpp::RE("b+").GlobalReplace("d", &s); ++will leave "s" containing "yada dada doo". It returns the number of +replacements made. + +
+Extract is like Replace, except that if the pattern matches, +"rewrite" is copied into "out" (an additional argument) with substitutions. +The non-matching portions of "text" are ignored. Returns true iff a match +occurred and the extraction happened successfully; if no match occurs, the +string is left unaffected. +
+
+The C++ wrapper was contributed by Google Inc.
+
+Copyright © 2007 Google Inc.
+
+
+Last updated: 17 March 2009
+
+
+Return to the PCRE index page. +
diff --git a/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcredemo.html b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcredemo.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3978560b5e --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcredemo.html @@ -0,0 +1,354 @@ + + ++Return to the PCRE index page. +
+
+This page is part of the PCRE HTML documentation. It was generated automatically
+from the original man page. If there is any nonsense in it, please consult the
+man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
+
+
+/************************************************* +* PCRE DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM * +*************************************************/ + +/* This is a demonstration program to illustrate the most straightforward ways +of calling the PCRE regular expression library from a C program. See the +pcresample documentation for a short discussion ("man pcresample" if you have +the PCRE man pages installed). + +In Unix-like environments, compile this program thuswise: + + gcc -Wall pcredemo.c -I/usr/local/include -L/usr/local/lib \ + -R/usr/local/lib -lpcre + +Replace "/usr/local/include" and "/usr/local/lib" with wherever the include and +library files for PCRE are installed on your system. You don't need -I and -L +if PCRE is installed in the standard system libraries. Only some operating +systems (e.g. Solaris) use the -R option. + +Building under Windows: + +If you want to statically link this program against a non-dll .a file, you must +define PCRE_STATIC before including pcre.h, otherwise the pcre_malloc() and +pcre_free() exported functions will be declared __declspec(dllimport), with +unwanted results. So in this environment, uncomment the following line. */ + +/* #define PCRE_STATIC */ + +#include <stdio.h> +#include <string.h> +#include <pcre.h> + +#define OVECCOUNT 30 /* should be a multiple of 3 */ + + +int main(int argc, char **argv) +{ +pcre *re; +const char *error; +char *pattern; +char *subject; +unsigned char *name_table; +int erroffset; +int find_all; +int namecount; +int name_entry_size; +int ovector[OVECCOUNT]; +int subject_length; +int rc, i; + + +/************************************************************************** +* First, sort out the command line. There is only one possible option at * +* the moment, "-g" to request repeated matching to find all occurrences, * +* like Perl's /g option. We set the variable find_all to a non-zero value * +* if the -g option is present. Apart from that, there must be exactly two * +* arguments. * +**************************************************************************/ + +find_all = 0; +for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) + { + if (strcmp(argv[i], "-g") == 0) find_all = 1; + else break; + } + +/* After the options, we require exactly two arguments, which are the pattern, +and the subject string. */ + +if (argc - i != 2) + { + printf("Two arguments required: a regex and a subject string\n"); + return 1; + } + +pattern = argv[i]; +subject = argv[i+1]; +subject_length = (int)strlen(subject); + + +/************************************************************************* +* Now we are going to compile the regular expression pattern, and handle * +* and errors that are detected. * +*************************************************************************/ + +re = pcre_compile( + pattern, /* the pattern */ + 0, /* default options */ + &error, /* for error message */ + &erroffset, /* for error offset */ + NULL); /* use default character tables */ + +/* Compilation failed: print the error message and exit */ + +if (re == NULL) + { + printf("PCRE compilation failed at offset %d: %s\n", erroffset, error); + return 1; + } + + +/************************************************************************* +* If the compilation succeeded, we call PCRE again, in order to do a * +* pattern match against the subject string. This does just ONE match. If * +* further matching is needed, it will be done below. * +*************************************************************************/ + +rc = pcre_exec( + re, /* the compiled pattern */ + NULL, /* no extra data - we didn't study the pattern */ + subject, /* the subject string */ + subject_length, /* the length of the subject */ + 0, /* start at offset 0 in the subject */ + 0, /* default options */ + ovector, /* output vector for substring information */ + OVECCOUNT); /* number of elements in the output vector */ + +/* Matching failed: handle error cases */ + +if (rc < 0) + { + switch(rc) + { + case PCRE_ERROR_NOMATCH: printf("No match\n"); break; + /* + Handle other special cases if you like + */ + default: printf("Matching error %d\n", rc); break; + } + pcre_free(re); /* Release memory used for the compiled pattern */ + return 1; + } + +/* Match succeded */ + +printf("\nMatch succeeded at offset %d\n", ovector[0]); + + +/************************************************************************* +* We have found the first match within the subject string. If the output * +* vector wasn't big enough, say so. Then output any substrings that were * +* captured. * +*************************************************************************/ + +/* The output vector wasn't big enough */ + +if (rc == 0) + { + rc = OVECCOUNT/3; + printf("ovector only has room for %d captured substrings\n", rc - 1); + } + +/* Show substrings stored in the output vector by number. Obviously, in a real +application you might want to do things other than print them. */ + +for (i = 0; i < rc; i++) + { + char *substring_start = subject + ovector[2*i]; + int substring_length = ovector[2*i+1] - ovector[2*i]; + printf("%2d: %.*s\n", i, substring_length, substring_start); + } + + +/************************************************************************** +* That concludes the basic part of this demonstration program. We have * +* compiled a pattern, and performed a single match. The code that follows * +* shows first how to access named substrings, and then how to code for * +* repeated matches on the same subject. * +**************************************************************************/ + +/* See if there are any named substrings, and if so, show them by name. First +we have to extract the count of named parentheses from the pattern. */ + +(void)pcre_fullinfo( + re, /* the compiled pattern */ + NULL, /* no extra data - we didn't study the pattern */ + PCRE_INFO_NAMECOUNT, /* number of named substrings */ + &namecount); /* where to put the answer */ + +if (namecount <= 0) printf("No named substrings\n"); else + { + unsigned char *tabptr; + printf("Named substrings\n"); + + /* Before we can access the substrings, we must extract the table for + translating names to numbers, and the size of each entry in the table. */ + + (void)pcre_fullinfo( + re, /* the compiled pattern */ + NULL, /* no extra data - we didn't study the pattern */ + PCRE_INFO_NAMETABLE, /* address of the table */ + &name_table); /* where to put the answer */ + + (void)pcre_fullinfo( + re, /* the compiled pattern */ + NULL, /* no extra data - we didn't study the pattern */ + PCRE_INFO_NAMEENTRYSIZE, /* size of each entry in the table */ + &name_entry_size); /* where to put the answer */ + + /* Now we can scan the table and, for each entry, print the number, the name, + and the substring itself. */ + + tabptr = name_table; + for (i = 0; i < namecount; i++) + { + int n = (tabptr[0] << 8) | tabptr[1]; + printf("(%d) %*s: %.*s\n", n, name_entry_size - 3, tabptr + 2, + ovector[2*n+1] - ovector[2*n], subject + ovector[2*n]); + tabptr += name_entry_size; + } + } + + +/************************************************************************* +* If the "-g" option was given on the command line, we want to continue * +* to search for additional matches in the subject string, in a similar * +* way to the /g option in Perl. This turns out to be trickier than you * +* might think because of the possibility of matching an empty string. * +* What happens is as follows: * +* * +* If the previous match was NOT for an empty string, we can just start * +* the next match at the end of the previous one. * +* * +* If the previous match WAS for an empty string, we can't do that, as it * +* would lead to an infinite loop. Instead, a special call of pcre_exec() * +* is made with the PCRE_NOTEMPTY_ATSTART and PCRE_ANCHORED flags set. * +* The first of these tells PCRE that an empty string at the start of the * +* subject is not a valid match; other possibilities must be tried. The * +* second flag restricts PCRE to one match attempt at the initial string * +* position. If this match succeeds, an alternative to the empty string * +* match has been found, and we can proceed round the loop. * +*************************************************************************/ + +if (!find_all) + { + pcre_free(re); /* Release the memory used for the compiled pattern */ + return 0; /* Finish unless -g was given */ + } + +/* Loop for second and subsequent matches */ + +for (;;) + { + int options = 0; /* Normally no options */ + int start_offset = ovector[1]; /* Start at end of previous match */ + + /* If the previous match was for an empty string, we are finished if we are + at the end of the subject. Otherwise, arrange to run another match at the + same point to see if a non-empty match can be found. */ + + if (ovector[0] == ovector[1]) + { + if (ovector[0] == subject_length) break; + options = PCRE_NOTEMPTY_ATSTART | PCRE_ANCHORED; + } + + /* Run the next matching operation */ + + rc = pcre_exec( + re, /* the compiled pattern */ + NULL, /* no extra data - we didn't study the pattern */ + subject, /* the subject string */ + subject_length, /* the length of the subject */ + start_offset, /* starting offset in the subject */ + options, /* options */ + ovector, /* output vector for substring information */ + OVECCOUNT); /* number of elements in the output vector */ + + /* This time, a result of NOMATCH isn't an error. If the value in "options" + is zero, it just means we have found all possible matches, so the loop ends. + Otherwise, it means we have failed to find a non-empty-string match at a + point where there was a previous empty-string match. In this case, we do what + Perl does: advance the matching position by one, and continue. We do this by + setting the "end of previous match" offset, because that is picked up at the + top of the loop as the point at which to start again. */ + + if (rc == PCRE_ERROR_NOMATCH) + { + if (options == 0) break; + ovector[1] = start_offset + 1; + continue; /* Go round the loop again */ + } + + /* Other matching errors are not recoverable. */ + + if (rc < 0) + { + printf("Matching error %d\n", rc); + pcre_free(re); /* Release memory used for the compiled pattern */ + return 1; + } + + /* Match succeded */ + + printf("\nMatch succeeded again at offset %d\n", ovector[0]); + + /* The match succeeded, but the output vector wasn't big enough. */ + + if (rc == 0) + { + rc = OVECCOUNT/3; + printf("ovector only has room for %d captured substrings\n", rc - 1); + } + + /* As before, show substrings stored in the output vector by number, and then + also any named substrings. */ + + for (i = 0; i < rc; i++) + { + char *substring_start = subject + ovector[2*i]; + int substring_length = ovector[2*i+1] - ovector[2*i]; + printf("%2d: %.*s\n", i, substring_length, substring_start); + } + + if (namecount <= 0) printf("No named substrings\n"); else + { + unsigned char *tabptr = name_table; + printf("Named substrings\n"); + for (i = 0; i < namecount; i++) + { + int n = (tabptr[0] << 8) | tabptr[1]; + printf("(%d) %*s: %.*s\n", n, name_entry_size - 3, tabptr + 2, + ovector[2*n+1] - ovector[2*n], subject + ovector[2*n]); + tabptr += name_entry_size; + } + } + } /* End of loop to find second and subsequent matches */ + +printf("\n"); +pcre_free(re); /* Release memory used for the compiled pattern */ +return 0; +} + +/* End of pcredemo.c */ ++Return to the PCRE index page. +
diff --git a/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcregrep.html b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcregrep.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..58911d9f45 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcregrep.html @@ -0,0 +1,547 @@ + + +pcregrep specification + + +pcregrep man page
++Return to the PCRE index page. +
++This page is part of the PCRE HTML documentation. It was generated automatically +from the original man page. If there is any nonsense in it, please consult the +man page, in case the conversion went wrong. +
+
+pcregrep [options] [long options] [pattern] [path1 path2 ...] +
++pcregrep searches files for character patterns, in the same way as other +grep commands do, but it uses the PCRE regular expression library to support +patterns that are compatible with the regular expressions of Perl 5. See +pcrepattern(3) +for a full description of syntax and semantics of the regular expressions +that PCRE supports. +
++Patterns, whether supplied on the command line or in a separate file, are given +without delimiters. For example: +
+ pcregrep Thursday /etc/motd ++If you attempt to use delimiters (for example, by surrounding a pattern with +slashes, as is common in Perl scripts), they are interpreted as part of the +pattern. Quotes can of course be used to delimit patterns on the command line +because they are interpreted by the shell, and indeed they are required if a +pattern contains white space or shell metacharacters. + +
+The first argument that follows any option settings is treated as the single +pattern to be matched when neither -e nor -f is present. +Conversely, when one or both of these options are used to specify patterns, all +arguments are treated as path names. At least one of -e, -f, or an +argument pattern must be provided. +
++If no files are specified, pcregrep reads the standard input. The +standard input can also be referenced by a name consisting of a single hyphen. +For example: +
+ pcregrep some-pattern /file1 - /file3 ++By default, each line that matches a pattern is copied to the standard +output, and if there is more than one file, the file name is output at the +start of each line, followed by a colon. However, there are options that can +change how pcregrep behaves. In particular, the -M option makes it +possible to search for patterns that span line boundaries. What defines a line +boundary is controlled by the -N (--newline) option. + +
+Patterns are limited to 8K or BUFSIZ characters, whichever is the greater. +BUFSIZ is defined in <stdio.h>. When there is more than one pattern +(specified by the use of -e and/or -f), each pattern is applied to +each line in the order in which they are defined, except that all the -e +patterns are tried before the -f patterns. +
++By default, as soon as one pattern matches (or fails to match when -v is +used), no further patterns are considered. However, if --colour (or +--color) is used to colour the matching substrings, or if +--only-matching, --file-offsets, or --line-offsets is used to +output only the part of the line that matched (either shown literally, or as an +offset), scanning resumes immediately following the match, so that further +matches on the same line can be found. If there are multiple patterns, they are +all tried on the remainder of the line, but patterns that follow the one that +matched are not tried on the earlier part of the line. +
++This is the same behaviour as GNU grep, but it does mean that the order in +which multiple patterns are specified can affect the output when one of the +above options is used. +
++Patterns that can match an empty string are accepted, but empty string +matches are never recognized. An example is the pattern "(super)?(man)?", in +which all components are optional. This pattern finds all occurrences of both +"super" and "man"; the output differs from matching with "super|man" when only +the matching substrings are being shown. +
++If the LC_ALL or LC_CTYPE environment variable is set, +pcregrep uses the value to set a locale when calling the PCRE library. +The --locale option can be used to override this. +
++It is possible to compile pcregrep so that it uses libz or +libbz2 to read files whose names end in .gz or .bz2, +respectively. You can find out whether your binary has support for one or both +of these file types by running it with the --help option. If the +appropriate support is not present, files are treated as plain text. The +standard input is always so treated. +
++The order in which some of the options appear can affect the output. For +example, both the -h and -l options affect the printing of file +names. Whichever comes later in the command line will be the one that takes +effect. +
++-- +This terminate the list of options. It is useful if the next item on the +command line starts with a hyphen but is not an option. This allows for the +processing of patterns and filenames that start with hyphens. +
++-A number, --after-context=number +Output number lines of context after each matching line. If filenames +and/or line numbers are being output, a hyphen separator is used instead of a +colon for the context lines. A line containing "--" is output between each +group of lines, unless they are in fact contiguous in the input file. The value +of number is expected to be relatively small. However, pcregrep +guarantees to have up to 8K of following text available for context output. +
++-B number, --before-context=number +Output number lines of context before each matching line. If filenames +and/or line numbers are being output, a hyphen separator is used instead of a +colon for the context lines. A line containing "--" is output between each +group of lines, unless they are in fact contiguous in the input file. The value +of number is expected to be relatively small. However, pcregrep +guarantees to have up to 8K of preceding text available for context output. +
++-C number, --context=number +Output number lines of context both before and after each matching line. +This is equivalent to setting both -A and -B to the same value. +
++-c, --count +Do not output individual lines from the files that are being scanned; instead +output the number of lines that would otherwise have been shown. If no lines +are selected, the number zero is output. If several files are are being +scanned, a count is output for each of them. However, if the +--files-with-matches option is also used, only those files whose counts +are greater than zero are listed. When -c is used, the -A, +-B, and -C options are ignored. +
++--colour, --color +If this option is given without any data, it is equivalent to "--colour=auto". +If data is required, it must be given in the same shell item, separated by an +equals sign. +
++--colour=value, --color=value +This option specifies under what circumstances the parts of a line that matched +a pattern should be coloured in the output. By default, the output is not +coloured. The value (which is optional, see above) may be "never", "always", or +"auto". In the latter case, colouring happens only if the standard output is +connected to a terminal. More resources are used when colouring is enabled, +because pcregrep has to search for all possible matches in a line, not +just one, in order to colour them all. +
++The colour that is used can be specified by setting the environment variable +PCREGREP_COLOUR or PCREGREP_COLOR. The value of this variable should be a +string of two numbers, separated by a semicolon. They are copied directly into +the control string for setting colour on a terminal, so it is your +responsibility to ensure that they make sense. If neither of the environment +variables is set, the default is "1;31", which gives red. +
++-D action, --devices=action +If an input path is not a regular file or a directory, "action" specifies how +it is to be processed. Valid values are "read" (the default) or "skip" +(silently skip the path). +
++-d action, --directories=action +If an input path is a directory, "action" specifies how it is to be processed. +Valid values are "read" (the default), "recurse" (equivalent to the -r +option), or "skip" (silently skip the path). In the default case, directories +are read as if they were ordinary files. In some operating systems the effect +of reading a directory like this is an immediate end-of-file. +
++-e pattern, --regex=pattern, --regexp=pattern +Specify a pattern to be matched. This option can be used multiple times in +order to specify several patterns. It can also be used as a way of specifying a +single pattern that starts with a hyphen. When -e is used, no argument +pattern is taken from the command line; all arguments are treated as file +names. There is an overall maximum of 100 patterns. They are applied to each +line in the order in which they are defined until one matches (or fails to +match if -v is used). If -f is used with -e, the command line +patterns are matched first, followed by the patterns from the file, independent +of the order in which these options are specified. Note that multiple use of +-e is not the same as a single pattern with alternatives. For example, +X|Y finds the first character in a line that is X or Y, whereas if the two +patterns are given separately, pcregrep finds X if it is present, even if +it follows Y in the line. It finds Y only if there is no X in the line. This +really matters only if you are using -o to show the part(s) of the line +that matched. +
++--exclude=pattern +When pcregrep is searching the files in a directory as a consequence of +the -r (recursive search) option, any regular files whose names match the +pattern are excluded. Subdirectories are not excluded by this option; they are +searched recursively, subject to the --exclude_dir and +--include_dir options. The pattern is a PCRE regular expression, and is +matched against the final component of the file name (not the entire path). If +a file name matches both --include and --exclude, it is excluded. +There is no short form for this option. +
++--exclude_dir=pattern +When pcregrep is searching the contents of a directory as a consequence +of the -r (recursive search) option, any subdirectories whose names match +the pattern are excluded. (Note that the \fP--exclude\fP option does not affect +subdirectories.) The pattern is a PCRE regular expression, and is matched +against the final component of the name (not the entire path). If a +subdirectory name matches both --include_dir and --exclude_dir, it +is excluded. There is no short form for this option. +
++-F, --fixed-strings +Interpret each pattern as a list of fixed strings, separated by newlines, +instead of as a regular expression. The -w (match as a word) and -x +(match whole line) options can be used with -F. They apply to each of the +fixed strings. A line is selected if any of the fixed strings are found in it +(subject to -w or -x, if present). +
++-f filename, --file=filename +Read a number of patterns from the file, one per line, and match them against +each line of input. A data line is output if any of the patterns match it. The +filename can be given as "-" to refer to the standard input. When -f is +used, patterns specified on the command line using -e may also be +present; they are tested before the file's patterns. However, no other pattern +is taken from the command line; all arguments are treated as file names. There +is an overall maximum of 100 patterns. Trailing white space is removed from +each line, and blank lines are ignored. An empty file contains no patterns and +therefore matches nothing. See also the comments about multiple patterns versus +a single pattern with alternatives in the description of -e above. +
++--file-offsets +Instead of showing lines or parts of lines that match, show each match as an +offset from the start of the file and a length, separated by a comma. In this +mode, no context is shown. That is, the -A, -B, and -C +options are ignored. If there is more than one match in a line, each of them is +shown separately. This option is mutually exclusive with --line-offsets +and --only-matching. +
++-H, --with-filename +Force the inclusion of the filename at the start of output lines when searching +a single file. By default, the filename is not shown in this case. For matching +lines, the filename is followed by a colon; for context lines, a hyphen +separator is used. If a line number is also being output, it follows the file +name. +
++-h, --no-filename +Suppress the output filenames when searching multiple files. By default, +filenames are shown when multiple files are searched. For matching lines, the +filename is followed by a colon; for context lines, a hyphen separator is used. +If a line number is also being output, it follows the file name. +
++--help +Output a help message, giving brief details of the command options and file +type support, and then exit. +
++-i, --ignore-case +Ignore upper/lower case distinctions during comparisons. +
++--include=pattern +When pcregrep is searching the files in a directory as a consequence of +the -r (recursive search) option, only those regular files whose names +match the pattern are included. Subdirectories are always included and searched +recursively, subject to the \fP--include_dir\fP and --exclude_dir +options. The pattern is a PCRE regular expression, and is matched against the +final component of the file name (not the entire path). If a file name matches +both --include and --exclude, it is excluded. There is no short +form for this option. +
++--include_dir=pattern +When pcregrep is searching the contents of a directory as a consequence +of the -r (recursive search) option, only those subdirectories whose +names match the pattern are included. (Note that the --include option +does not affect subdirectories.) The pattern is a PCRE regular expression, and +is matched against the final component of the name (not the entire path). If a +subdirectory name matches both --include_dir and --exclude_dir, it +is excluded. There is no short form for this option. +
++-L, --files-without-match +Instead of outputting lines from the files, just output the names of the files +that do not contain any lines that would have been output. Each file name is +output once, on a separate line. +
++-l, --files-with-matches +Instead of outputting lines from the files, just output the names of the files +containing lines that would have been output. Each file name is output +once, on a separate line. Searching normally stops as soon as a matching line +is found in a file. However, if the -c (count) option is also used, +matching continues in order to obtain the correct count, and those files that +have at least one match are listed along with their counts. Using this option +with -c is a way of suppressing the listing of files with no matches. +
++--label=name +This option supplies a name to be used for the standard input when file names +are being output. If not supplied, "(standard input)" is used. There is no +short form for this option. +
++--line-offsets +Instead of showing lines or parts of lines that match, show each match as a +line number, the offset from the start of the line, and a length. The line +number is terminated by a colon (as usual; see the -n option), and the +offset and length are separated by a comma. In this mode, no context is shown. +That is, the -A, -B, and -C options are ignored. If there is +more than one match in a line, each of them is shown separately. This option is +mutually exclusive with --file-offsets and --only-matching. +
++--locale=locale-name +This option specifies a locale to be used for pattern matching. It overrides +the value in the LC_ALL or LC_CTYPE environment variables. If no +locale is specified, the PCRE library's default (usually the "C" locale) is +used. There is no short form for this option. +
++-M, --multiline +Allow patterns to match more than one line. When this option is given, patterns +may usefully contain literal newline characters and internal occurrences of ^ +and $ characters. The output for any one match may consist of more than one +line. When this option is set, the PCRE library is called in "multiline" mode. +There is a limit to the number of lines that can be matched, imposed by the way +that pcregrep buffers the input file as it scans it. However, +pcregrep ensures that at least 8K characters or the rest of the document +(whichever is the shorter) are available for forward matching, and similarly +the previous 8K characters (or all the previous characters, if fewer than 8K) +are guaranteed to be available for lookbehind assertions. +
+
+-N newline-type, --newline=newline-type
+The PCRE library supports five different conventions for indicating
+the ends of lines. They are the single-character sequences CR (carriage return)
+and LF (linefeed), the two-character sequence CRLF, an "anycrlf" convention,
+which recognizes any of the preceding three types, and an "any" convention, in
+which any Unicode line ending sequence is assumed to end a line. The Unicode
+sequences are the three just mentioned, plus VT (vertical tab, U+000B), FF
+(formfeed, U+000C), NEL (next line, U+0085), LS (line separator, U+2028), and
+PS (paragraph separator, U+2029).
+
+
+When the PCRE library is built, a default line-ending sequence is specified.
+This is normally the standard sequence for the operating system. Unless
+otherwise specified by this option, pcregrep uses the library's default.
+The possible values for this option are CR, LF, CRLF, ANYCRLF, or ANY. This
+makes it possible to use pcregrep on files that have come from other
+environments without having to modify their line endings. If the data that is
+being scanned does not agree with the convention set by this option,
+pcregrep may behave in strange ways.
+
+-n, --line-number +Precede each output line by its line number in the file, followed by a colon +for matching lines or a hyphen for context lines. If the filename is also being +output, it precedes the line number. This option is forced if +--line-offsets is used. +
++-o, --only-matching +Show only the part of the line that matched a pattern. In this mode, no +context is shown. That is, the -A, -B, and -C options are +ignored. If there is more than one match in a line, each of them is shown +separately. If -o is combined with -v (invert the sense of the +match to find non-matching lines), no output is generated, but the return code +is set appropriately. This option is mutually exclusive with +--file-offsets and --line-offsets. +
++-q, --quiet +Work quietly, that is, display nothing except error messages. The exit +status indicates whether or not any matches were found. +
++-r, --recursive +If any given path is a directory, recursively scan the files it contains, +taking note of any --include and --exclude settings. By default, a +directory is read as a normal file; in some operating systems this gives an +immediate end-of-file. This option is a shorthand for setting the -d +option to "recurse". +
++-s, --no-messages +Suppress error messages about non-existent or unreadable files. Such files are +quietly skipped. However, the return code is still 2, even if matches were +found in other files. +
++-u, --utf-8 +Operate in UTF-8 mode. This option is available only if PCRE has been compiled +with UTF-8 support. Both patterns and subject lines must be valid strings of +UTF-8 characters. +
++-V, --version +Write the version numbers of pcregrep and the PCRE library that is being +used to the standard error stream. +
++-v, --invert-match +Invert the sense of the match, so that lines which do not match any of +the patterns are the ones that are found. +
++-w, --word-regex, --word-regexp +Force the patterns to match only whole words. This is equivalent to having \b +at the start and end of the pattern. +
++-x, --line-regex, --line-regexp +Force the patterns to be anchored (each must start matching at the beginning of +a line) and in addition, require them to match entire lines. This is +equivalent to having ^ and $ characters at the start and end of each +alternative branch in every pattern. +
++The environment variables LC_ALL and LC_CTYPE are examined, in that +order, for a locale. The first one that is set is used. This can be overridden +by the --locale option. If no locale is set, the PCRE library's default +(usually the "C" locale) is used. +
++The -N (--newline) option allows pcregrep to scan files with +different newline conventions from the default. However, the setting of this +option does not affect the way in which pcregrep writes information to +the standard error and output streams. It uses the string "\n" in C +printf() calls to indicate newlines, relying on the C I/O library to +convert this to an appropriate sequence if the output is sent to a file. +
++The majority of short and long forms of pcregrep's options are the same +as in the GNU grep program. Any long option of the form +--xxx-regexp (GNU terminology) is also available as --xxx-regex +(PCRE terminology). However, the --locale, -M, --multiline, +-u, and --utf-8 options are specific to pcregrep. If both the +-c and -l options are given, GNU grep lists only file names, +without counts, but pcregrep gives the counts. +
++There are four different ways in which an option with data can be specified. +If a short form option is used, the data may follow immediately, or in the next +command line item. For example: +
+ -f/some/file + -f /some/file ++If a long form option is used, the data may appear in the same command line +item, separated by an equals character, or (with one exception) it may appear +in the next command line item. For example: +
+ --file=/some/file + --file /some/file ++Note, however, that if you want to supply a file name beginning with ~ as data +in a shell command, and have the shell expand ~ to a home directory, you must +separate the file name from the option, because the shell does not treat ~ +specially unless it is at the start of an item. + +
+The exception to the above is the --colour (or --color) option, +for which the data is optional. If this option does have data, it must be given +in the first form, using an equals character. Otherwise it will be assumed that +it has no data. +
++It is possible to supply a regular expression that takes a very long time to +fail to match certain lines. Such patterns normally involve nested indefinite +repeats, for example: (a+)*\d when matched against a line of a's with no final +digit. The PCRE matching function has a resource limit that causes it to abort +in these circumstances. If this happens, pcregrep outputs an error +message and the line that caused the problem to the standard error stream. If +there are more than 20 such errors, pcregrep gives up. +
++Exit status is 0 if any matches were found, 1 if no matches were found, and 2 +for syntax errors and non-existent or inacessible files (even if matches were +found in other files) or too many matching errors. Using the -s option to +suppress error messages about inaccessble files does not affect the return +code. +
++pcrepattern(3), pcretest(1). +
+
+Philip Hazel
+
+University Computing Service
+
+Cambridge CB2 3QH, England.
+
+
+Last updated: 13 September 2009
+
+Copyright © 1997-2009 University of Cambridge.
+
+
+Return to the PCRE index page. +
diff --git a/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcrematching.html b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcrematching.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6ab3dfb669 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcrematching.html @@ -0,0 +1,225 @@ + + ++Return to the PCRE index page. +
+
+This page is part of the PCRE HTML documentation. It was generated automatically
+from the original man page. If there is any nonsense in it, please consult the
+man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
+
+
+This document describes the two different algorithms that are available in PCRE +for matching a compiled regular expression against a given subject string. The +"standard" algorithm is the one provided by the pcre_exec() function. +This works in the same was as Perl's matching function, and provides a +Perl-compatible matching operation. +
++An alternative algorithm is provided by the pcre_dfa_exec() function; +this operates in a different way, and is not Perl-compatible. It has advantages +and disadvantages compared with the standard algorithm, and these are described +below. +
++When there is only one possible way in which a given subject string can match a +pattern, the two algorithms give the same answer. A difference arises, however, +when there are multiple possibilities. For example, if the pattern +
+ ^<.*> ++is matched against the string +
+ <something> <something else> <something further> ++there are three possible answers. The standard algorithm finds only one of +them, whereas the alternative algorithm finds all three. + +
+The set of strings that are matched by a regular expression can be represented +as a tree structure. An unlimited repetition in the pattern makes the tree of +infinite size, but it is still a tree. Matching the pattern to a given subject +string (from a given starting point) can be thought of as a search of the tree. +There are two ways to search a tree: depth-first and breadth-first, and these +correspond to the two matching algorithms provided by PCRE. +
++In the terminology of Jeffrey Friedl's book "Mastering Regular +Expressions", the standard algorithm is an "NFA algorithm". It conducts a +depth-first search of the pattern tree. That is, it proceeds along a single +path through the tree, checking that the subject matches what is required. When +there is a mismatch, the algorithm tries any alternatives at the current point, +and if they all fail, it backs up to the previous branch point in the tree, and +tries the next alternative branch at that level. This often involves backing up +(moving to the left) in the subject string as well. The order in which +repetition branches are tried is controlled by the greedy or ungreedy nature of +the quantifier. +
++If a leaf node is reached, a matching string has been found, and at that point +the algorithm stops. Thus, if there is more than one possible match, this +algorithm returns the first one that it finds. Whether this is the shortest, +the longest, or some intermediate length depends on the way the greedy and +ungreedy repetition quantifiers are specified in the pattern. +
++Because it ends up with a single path through the tree, it is relatively +straightforward for this algorithm to keep track of the substrings that are +matched by portions of the pattern in parentheses. This provides support for +capturing parentheses and back references. +
++This algorithm conducts a breadth-first search of the tree. Starting from the +first matching point in the subject, it scans the subject string from left to +right, once, character by character, and as it does this, it remembers all the +paths through the tree that represent valid matches. In Friedl's terminology, +this is a kind of "DFA algorithm", though it is not implemented as a +traditional finite state machine (it keeps multiple states active +simultaneously). +
++Although the general principle of this matching algorithm is that it scans the +subject string only once, without backtracking, there is one exception: when a +lookaround assertion is encountered, the characters following or preceding the +current point have to be independently inspected. +
++The scan continues until either the end of the subject is reached, or there are +no more unterminated paths. At this point, terminated paths represent the +different matching possibilities (if there are none, the match has failed). +Thus, if there is more than one possible match, this algorithm finds all of +them, and in particular, it finds the longest. There is an option to stop the +algorithm after the first match (which is necessarily the shortest) is found. +
++Note that all the matches that are found start at the same point in the +subject. If the pattern +
+ cat(er(pillar)?) ++is matched against the string "the caterpillar catchment", the result will be +the three strings "cat", "cater", and "caterpillar" that start at the fourth +character of the subject. The algorithm does not automatically move on to find +matches that start at later positions. + +
+There are a number of features of PCRE regular expressions that are not +supported by the alternative matching algorithm. They are as follows: +
++1. Because the algorithm finds all possible matches, the greedy or ungreedy +nature of repetition quantifiers is not relevant. Greedy and ungreedy +quantifiers are treated in exactly the same way. However, possessive +quantifiers can make a difference when what follows could also match what is +quantified, for example in a pattern like this: +
+ ^a++\w! ++This pattern matches "aaab!" but not "aaa!", which would be matched by a +non-possessive quantifier. Similarly, if an atomic group is present, it is +matched as if it were a standalone pattern at the current point, and the +longest match is then "locked in" for the rest of the overall pattern. + +
+2. When dealing with multiple paths through the tree simultaneously, it is not +straightforward to keep track of captured substrings for the different matching +possibilities, and PCRE's implementation of this algorithm does not attempt to +do this. This means that no captured substrings are available. +
++3. Because no substrings are captured, back references within the pattern are +not supported, and cause errors if encountered. +
++4. For the same reason, conditional expressions that use a backreference as the +condition or test for a specific group recursion are not supported. +
++5. Because many paths through the tree may be active, the \K escape sequence, +which resets the start of the match when encountered (but may be on some paths +and not on others), is not supported. It causes an error if encountered. +
++6. Callouts are supported, but the value of the capture_top field is +always 1, and the value of the capture_last field is always -1. +
++7. The \C escape sequence, which (in the standard algorithm) matches a single +byte, even in UTF-8 mode, is not supported because the alternative algorithm +moves through the subject string one character at a time, for all active paths +through the tree. +
++8. Except for (*FAIL), the backtracking control verbs such as (*PRUNE) are not +supported. (*FAIL) is supported, and behaves like a failing negative assertion. +
++Using the alternative matching algorithm provides the following advantages: +
++1. All possible matches (at a single point in the subject) are automatically +found, and in particular, the longest match is found. To find more than one +match using the standard algorithm, you have to do kludgy things with +callouts. +
++2. Because the alternative algorithm scans the subject string just once, and +never needs to backtrack, it is possible to pass very long subject strings to +the matching function in several pieces, checking for partial matching each +time. The +pcrepartial +documentation gives details of partial matching. +
++The alternative algorithm suffers from a number of disadvantages: +
++1. It is substantially slower than the standard algorithm. This is partly +because it has to search for all possible matches, but is also because it is +less susceptible to optimization. +
++2. Capturing parentheses and back references are not supported. +
++3. Although atomic groups are supported, their use does not provide the +performance advantage that it does for the standard algorithm. +
+
+Philip Hazel
+
+University Computing Service
+
+Cambridge CB2 3QH, England.
+
+
+Last updated: 29 September 2009
+
+Copyright © 1997-2009 University of Cambridge.
+
+
+Return to the PCRE index page. +
diff --git a/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcrepartial.html b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcrepartial.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..040ac88f30 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcrepartial.html @@ -0,0 +1,400 @@ + + ++Return to the PCRE index page. +
+
+This page is part of the PCRE HTML documentation. It was generated automatically
+from the original man page. If there is any nonsense in it, please consult the
+man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
+
+
+In normal use of PCRE, if the subject string that is passed to +pcre_exec() or pcre_dfa_exec() matches as far as it goes, but is +too short to match the entire pattern, PCRE_ERROR_NOMATCH is returned. There +are circumstances where it might be helpful to distinguish this case from other +cases in which there is no match. +
++Consider, for example, an application where a human is required to type in data +for a field with specific formatting requirements. An example might be a date +in the form ddmmmyy, defined by this pattern: +
+ ^\d?\d(jan|feb|mar|apr|may|jun|jul|aug|sep|oct|nov|dec)\d\d$ ++If the application sees the user's keystrokes one by one, and can check that +what has been typed so far is potentially valid, it is able to raise an error +as soon as a mistake is made, by beeping and not reflecting the character that +has been typed, for example. This immediate feedback is likely to be a better +user interface than a check that is delayed until the entire string has been +entered. Partial matching can also sometimes be useful when the subject string +is very long and is not all available at once. + +
+PCRE supports partial matching by means of the PCRE_PARTIAL_SOFT and +PCRE_PARTIAL_HARD options, which can be set when calling pcre_exec() or +pcre_dfa_exec(). For backwards compatibility, PCRE_PARTIAL is a synonym +for PCRE_PARTIAL_SOFT. The essential difference between the two options is +whether or not a partial match is preferred to an alternative complete match, +though the details differ between the two matching functions. If both options +are set, PCRE_PARTIAL_HARD takes precedence. +
++Setting a partial matching option disables two of PCRE's optimizations. PCRE +remembers the last literal byte in a pattern, and abandons matching immediately +if such a byte is not present in the subject string. This optimization cannot +be used for a subject string that might match only partially. If the pattern +was studied, PCRE knows the minimum length of a matching string, and does not +bother to run the matching function on shorter strings. This optimization is +also disabled for partial matching. +
++A partial match occurs during a call to pcre_exec() whenever the end of +the subject string is reached successfully, but matching cannot continue +because more characters are needed. However, at least one character must have +been matched. (In other words, a partial match can never be an empty string.) +
++If PCRE_PARTIAL_SOFT is set, the partial match is remembered, but matching +continues as normal, and other alternatives in the pattern are tried. If no +complete match can be found, pcre_exec() returns PCRE_ERROR_PARTIAL +instead of PCRE_ERROR_NOMATCH. If there are at least two slots in the offsets +vector, the first of them is set to the offset of the earliest character that +was inspected when the partial match was found. For convenience, the second +offset points to the end of the string so that a substring can easily be +identified. +
++For the majority of patterns, the first offset identifies the start of the +partially matched string. However, for patterns that contain lookbehind +assertions, or \K, or begin with \b or \B, earlier characters have been +inspected while carrying out the match. For example: +
+ /(?<=abc)123/ ++This pattern matches "123", but only if it is preceded by "abc". If the subject +string is "xyzabc12", the offsets after a partial match are for the substring +"abc12", because all these characters are needed if another match is tried +with extra characters added. + +
+If there is more than one partial match, the first one that was found provides +the data that is returned. Consider this pattern: +
+ /123\w+X|dogY/ ++If this is matched against the subject string "abc123dog", both +alternatives fail to match, but the end of the subject is reached during +matching, so PCRE_ERROR_PARTIAL is returned instead of PCRE_ERROR_NOMATCH. The +offsets are set to 3 and 9, identifying "123dog" as the first partial match +that was found. (In this example, there are two partial matches, because "dog" +on its own partially matches the second alternative.) + +
+If PCRE_PARTIAL_HARD is set for pcre_exec(), it returns +PCRE_ERROR_PARTIAL as soon as a partial match is found, without continuing to +search for possible complete matches. The difference between the two options +can be illustrated by a pattern such as: +
+ /dog(sbody)?/ ++This matches either "dog" or "dogsbody", greedily (that is, it prefers the +longer string if possible). If it is matched against the string "dog" with +PCRE_PARTIAL_SOFT, it yields a complete match for "dog". However, if +PCRE_PARTIAL_HARD is set, the result is PCRE_ERROR_PARTIAL. On the other hand, +if the pattern is made ungreedy the result is different: +
+ /dog(sbody)??/ ++In this case the result is always a complete match because pcre_exec() +finds that first, and it never continues after finding a match. It might be +easier to follow this explanation by thinking of the two patterns like this: +
+ /dog(sbody)?/ is the same as /dogsbody|dog/ + /dog(sbody)??/ is the same as /dog|dogsbody/ ++The second pattern will never match "dogsbody" when pcre_exec() is +used, because it will always find the shorter match first. + +
+The pcre_dfa_exec() function moves along the subject string character by +character, without backtracking, searching for all possible matches +simultaneously. If the end of the subject is reached before the end of the +pattern, there is the possibility of a partial match, again provided that at +least one character has matched. +
++When PCRE_PARTIAL_SOFT is set, PCRE_ERROR_PARTIAL is returned only if there +have been no complete matches. Otherwise, the complete matches are returned. +However, if PCRE_PARTIAL_HARD is set, a partial match takes precedence over any +complete matches. The portion of the string that was inspected when the longest +partial match was found is set as the first matching string, provided there are +at least two slots in the offsets vector. +
++Because pcre_dfa_exec() always searches for all possible matches, and +there is no difference between greedy and ungreedy repetition, its behaviour is +different from pcre_exec when PCRE_PARTIAL_HARD is set. Consider the +string "dog" matched against the ungreedy pattern shown above: +
+ /dog(sbody)??/ ++Whereas pcre_exec() stops as soon as it finds the complete match for +"dog", pcre_dfa_exec() also finds the partial match for "dogsbody", and +so returns that when PCRE_PARTIAL_HARD is set. + +
+If a pattern ends with one of sequences \b or \B, which test for word +boundaries, partial matching with PCRE_PARTIAL_SOFT can give counter-intuitive +results. Consider this pattern: +
+ /\bcat\b/ ++This matches "cat", provided there is a word boundary at either end. If the +subject string is "the cat", the comparison of the final "t" with a following +character cannot take place, so a partial match is found. However, +pcre_exec() carries on with normal matching, which matches \b at the end +of the subject when the last character is a letter, thus finding a complete +match. The result, therefore, is not PCRE_ERROR_PARTIAL. The same thing +happens with pcre_dfa_exec(), because it also finds the complete match. + +
+Using PCRE_PARTIAL_HARD in this case does yield PCRE_ERROR_PARTIAL, because +then the partial match takes precedence. +
++For releases of PCRE prior to 8.00, because of the way certain internal +optimizations were implemented in the pcre_exec() function, the +PCRE_PARTIAL option (predecessor of PCRE_PARTIAL_SOFT) could not be used with +all patterns. From release 8.00 onwards, the restrictions no longer apply, and +partial matching with pcre_exec() can be requested for any pattern. +
++Items that were formerly restricted were repeated single characters and +repeated metasequences. If PCRE_PARTIAL was set for a pattern that did not +conform to the restrictions, pcre_exec() returned the error code +PCRE_ERROR_BADPARTIAL (-13). This error code is no longer in use. The +PCRE_INFO_OKPARTIAL call to pcre_fullinfo() to find out if a compiled +pattern can be used for partial matching now always returns 1. +
++If the escape sequence \P is present in a pcretest data line, the +PCRE_PARTIAL_SOFT option is used for the match. Here is a run of pcretest +that uses the date example quoted above: +
+ re> /^\d?\d(jan|feb|mar|apr|may|jun|jul|aug|sep|oct|nov|dec)\d\d$/ + data> 25jun04\P + 0: 25jun04 + 1: jun + data> 25dec3\P + Partial match: 23dec3 + data> 3ju\P + Partial match: 3ju + data> 3juj\P + No match + data> j\P + No match ++The first data string is matched completely, so pcretest shows the +matched substrings. The remaining four strings do not match the complete +pattern, but the first two are partial matches. Similar output is obtained +when pcre_dfa_exec() is used. + +
+If the escape sequence \P is present more than once in a pcretest data +line, the PCRE_PARTIAL_HARD option is set for the match. +
++When a partial match has been found using pcre_dfa_exec(), it is possible +to continue the match by providing additional subject data and calling +pcre_dfa_exec() again with the same compiled regular expression, this +time setting the PCRE_DFA_RESTART option. You must pass the same working +space as before, because this is where details of the previous partial match +are stored. Here is an example using pcretest, using the \R escape +sequence to set the PCRE_DFA_RESTART option (\D specifies the use of +pcre_dfa_exec()): +
+ re> /^\d?\d(jan|feb|mar|apr|may|jun|jul|aug|sep|oct|nov|dec)\d\d$/ + data> 23ja\P\D + Partial match: 23ja + data> n05\R\D + 0: n05 ++The first call has "23ja" as the subject, and requests partial matching; the +second call has "n05" as the subject for the continued (restarted) match. +Notice that when the match is complete, only the last part is shown; PCRE does +not retain the previously partially-matched string. It is up to the calling +program to do that if it needs to. + +
+You can set the PCRE_PARTIAL_SOFT or PCRE_PARTIAL_HARD options with +PCRE_DFA_RESTART to continue partial matching over multiple segments. This +facility can be used to pass very long subject strings to +pcre_dfa_exec(). +
++From release 8.00, pcre_exec() can also be used to do multi-segment +matching. Unlike pcre_dfa_exec(), it is not possible to restart the +previous match with a new segment of data. Instead, new data must be added to +the previous subject string, and the entire match re-run, starting from the +point where the partial match occurred. Earlier data can be discarded. +Consider an unanchored pattern that matches dates: +
+ re> /\d?\d(jan|feb|mar|apr|may|jun|jul|aug|sep|oct|nov|dec)\d\d/ + data> The date is 23ja\P + Partial match: 23ja ++At this stage, an application could discard the text preceding "23ja", add on +text from the next segment, and call pcre_exec() again. Unlike +pcre_dfa_exec(), the entire matching string must always be available, and +the complete matching process occurs for each call, so more memory and more +processing time is needed. + +
+Note: If the pattern contains lookbehind assertions, or \K, or starts +with \b or \B, the string that is returned for a partial match will include +characters that precede the partially matched string itself, because these must +be retained when adding on more characters for a subsequent matching attempt. +
++Certain types of pattern may give problems with multi-segment matching, +whichever matching function is used. +
++1. If the pattern contains tests for the beginning or end of a line, you need +to pass the PCRE_NOTBOL or PCRE_NOTEOL options, as appropriate, when the +subject string for any call does not contain the beginning or end of a line. +
++2. Lookbehind assertions at the start of a pattern are catered for in the +offsets that are returned for a partial match. However, in theory, a lookbehind +assertion later in the pattern could require even earlier characters to be +inspected, and it might not have been reached when a partial match occurs. This +is probably an extremely unlikely case; you could guard against it to a certain +extent by always including extra characters at the start. +
++3. Matching a subject string that is split into multiple segments may not +always produce exactly the same result as matching over one single long string, +especially when PCRE_PARTIAL_SOFT is used. The section "Partial Matching and +Word Boundaries" above describes an issue that arises if the pattern ends with +\b or \B. Another kind of difference may occur when there are multiple +matching possibilities, because a partial match result is given only when there +are no completed matches. This means that as soon as the shortest match has +been found, continuation to a new subject segment is no longer possible. +Consider again this pcretest example: +
+ re> /dog(sbody)?/ + data> dogsb\P + 0: dog + data> do\P\D + Partial match: do + data> gsb\R\P\D + 0: g + data> dogsbody\D + 0: dogsbody + 1: dog ++The first data line passes the string "dogsb" to pcre_exec(), setting the +PCRE_PARTIAL_SOFT option. Although the string is a partial match for +"dogsbody", the result is not PCRE_ERROR_PARTIAL, because the shorter string +"dog" is a complete match. Similarly, when the subject is presented to +pcre_dfa_exec() in several parts ("do" and "gsb" being the first two) the +match stops when "dog" has been found, and it is not possible to continue. On +the other hand, if "dogsbody" is presented as a single string, +pcre_dfa_exec() finds both matches. + +
+Because of these problems, it is probably best to use PCRE_PARTIAL_HARD when +matching multi-segment data. The example above then behaves differently: +
+ re> /dog(sbody)?/ + data> dogsb\P\P + Partial match: dogsb + data> do\P\D + Partial match: do + data> gsb\R\P\P\D + Partial match: gsb + ++ +
+4. Patterns that contain alternatives at the top level which do not all +start with the same pattern item may not work as expected when +PCRE_DFA_RESTART is used with pcre_dfa_exec(). For example, consider this +pattern: +
+ 1234|3789 ++If the first part of the subject is "ABC123", a partial match of the first +alternative is found at offset 3. There is no partial match for the second +alternative, because such a match does not start at the same point in the +subject string. Attempting to continue with the string "7890" does not yield a +match because only those alternatives that match at one point in the subject +are remembered. The problem arises because the start of the second alternative +matches within the first alternative. There is no problem with anchored +patterns or patterns such as: +
+ 1234|ABCD ++where no string can be a partial match for both alternatives. This is not a +problem if pcre_exec() is used, because the entire match has to be rerun +each time: +
+ re> /1234|3789/ + data> ABC123\P + Partial match: 123 + data> 1237890 + 0: 3789 ++Of course, instead of using PCRE_DFA_PARTIAL, the same technique of re-running +the entire match can also be used with pcre_dfa_exec(). Another +possibility is to work with two buffers. If a partial match at offset n +in the first buffer is followed by "no match" when PCRE_DFA_RESTART is used on +the second buffer, you can then try a new match starting at offset n+1 in +the first buffer. + +
+Philip Hazel
+
+University Computing Service
+
+Cambridge CB2 3QH, England.
+
+
+Last updated: 19 October 2009
+
+Copyright © 1997-2009 University of Cambridge.
+
+
+Return to the PCRE index page. +
diff --git a/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcrepattern.html b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcrepattern.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..192014facf --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcrepattern.html @@ -0,0 +1,2395 @@ + + ++Return to the PCRE index page. +
+
+This page is part of the PCRE HTML documentation. It was generated automatically
+from the original man page. If there is any nonsense in it, please consult the
+man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
+
+
+The syntax and semantics of the regular expressions that are supported by PCRE +are described in detail below. There is a quick-reference syntax summary in the +pcresyntax +page. PCRE tries to match Perl syntax and semantics as closely as it can. PCRE +also supports some alternative regular expression syntax (which does not +conflict with the Perl syntax) in order to provide some compatibility with +regular expressions in Python, .NET, and Oniguruma. +
++Perl's regular expressions are described in its own documentation, and +regular expressions in general are covered in a number of books, some of which +have copious examples. Jeffrey Friedl's "Mastering Regular Expressions", +published by O'Reilly, covers regular expressions in great detail. This +description of PCRE's regular expressions is intended as reference material. +
++The original operation of PCRE was on strings of one-byte characters. However, +there is now also support for UTF-8 character strings. To use this, +PCRE must be built to include UTF-8 support, and you must call +pcre_compile() or pcre_compile2() with the PCRE_UTF8 option. There +is also a special sequence that can be given at the start of a pattern: +
+ (*UTF8) ++Starting a pattern with this sequence is equivalent to setting the PCRE_UTF8 +option. This feature is not Perl-compatible. How setting UTF-8 mode affects +pattern matching is mentioned in several places below. There is also a summary +of UTF-8 features in the +section on UTF-8 support +in the main +pcre +page. + +
+The remainder of this document discusses the patterns that are supported by +PCRE when its main matching function, pcre_exec(), is used. +From release 6.0, PCRE offers a second matching function, +pcre_dfa_exec(), which matches using a different algorithm that is not +Perl-compatible. Some of the features discussed below are not available when +pcre_dfa_exec() is used. The advantages and disadvantages of the +alternative function, and how it differs from the normal function, are +discussed in the +pcrematching +page. +
++PCRE supports five different conventions for indicating line breaks in +strings: a single CR (carriage return) character, a single LF (linefeed) +character, the two-character sequence CRLF, any of the three preceding, or any +Unicode newline sequence. The +pcreapi +page has +further discussion +about newlines, and shows how to set the newline convention in the +options arguments for the compiling and matching functions. +
++It is also possible to specify a newline convention by starting a pattern +string with one of the following five sequences: +
+ (*CR) carriage return + (*LF) linefeed + (*CRLF) carriage return, followed by linefeed + (*ANYCRLF) any of the three above + (*ANY) all Unicode newline sequences ++These override the default and the options given to pcre_compile() or +pcre_compile2(). For example, on a Unix system where LF is the default +newline sequence, the pattern +
+ (*CR)a.b ++changes the convention to CR. That pattern matches "a\nb" because LF is no +longer a newline. Note that these special settings, which are not +Perl-compatible, are recognized only at the very start of a pattern, and that +they must be in upper case. If more than one of them is present, the last one +is used. + +
+The newline convention does not affect what the \R escape sequence matches. By +default, this is any Unicode newline sequence, for Perl compatibility. However, +this can be changed; see the description of \R in the section entitled +"Newline sequences" +below. A change of \R setting can be combined with a change of newline +convention. +
++A regular expression is a pattern that is matched against a subject string from +left to right. Most characters stand for themselves in a pattern, and match the +corresponding characters in the subject. As a trivial example, the pattern +
+ The quick brown fox ++matches a portion of a subject string that is identical to itself. When +caseless matching is specified (the PCRE_CASELESS option), letters are matched +independently of case. In UTF-8 mode, PCRE always understands the concept of +case for characters whose values are less than 128, so caseless matching is +always possible. For characters with higher values, the concept of case is +supported if PCRE is compiled with Unicode property support, but not otherwise. +If you want to use caseless matching for characters 128 and above, you must +ensure that PCRE is compiled with Unicode property support as well as with +UTF-8 support. + +
+The power of regular expressions comes from the ability to include alternatives +and repetitions in the pattern. These are encoded in the pattern by the use of +metacharacters, which do not stand for themselves but instead are +interpreted in some special way. +
++There are two different sets of metacharacters: those that are recognized +anywhere in the pattern except within square brackets, and those that are +recognized within square brackets. Outside square brackets, the metacharacters +are as follows: +
+ \ general escape character with several uses + ^ assert start of string (or line, in multiline mode) + $ assert end of string (or line, in multiline mode) + . match any character except newline (by default) + [ start character class definition + | start of alternative branch + ( start subpattern + ) end subpattern + ? extends the meaning of ( + also 0 or 1 quantifier + also quantifier minimizer + * 0 or more quantifier + + 1 or more quantifier + also "possessive quantifier" + { start min/max quantifier ++Part of a pattern that is in square brackets is called a "character class". In +a character class the only metacharacters are: +
+ \ general escape character + ^ negate the class, but only if the first character + - indicates character range + [ POSIX character class (only if followed by POSIX syntax) + ] terminates the character class ++The following sections describe the use of each of the metacharacters. + +
+The backslash character has several uses. Firstly, if it is followed by a +non-alphanumeric character, it takes away any special meaning that character +may have. This use of backslash as an escape character applies both inside and +outside character classes. +
++For example, if you want to match a * character, you write \* in the pattern. +This escaping action applies whether or not the following character would +otherwise be interpreted as a metacharacter, so it is always safe to precede a +non-alphanumeric with backslash to specify that it stands for itself. In +particular, if you want to match a backslash, you write \\. +
++If a pattern is compiled with the PCRE_EXTENDED option, whitespace in the +pattern (other than in a character class) and characters between a # outside +a character class and the next newline are ignored. An escaping backslash can +be used to include a whitespace or # character as part of the pattern. +
++If you want to remove the special meaning from a sequence of characters, you +can do so by putting them between \Q and \E. This is different from Perl in +that $ and @ are handled as literals in \Q...\E sequences in PCRE, whereas in +Perl, $ and @ cause variable interpolation. Note the following examples: +
+ Pattern PCRE matches Perl matches + + \Qabc$xyz\E abc$xyz abc followed by the contents of $xyz + \Qabc\$xyz\E abc\$xyz abc\$xyz + \Qabc\E\$\Qxyz\E abc$xyz abc$xyz ++The \Q...\E sequence is recognized both inside and outside character classes. + +
+A second use of backslash provides a way of encoding non-printing characters +in patterns in a visible manner. There is no restriction on the appearance of +non-printing characters, apart from the binary zero that terminates a pattern, +but when a pattern is being prepared by text editing, it is often easier to use +one of the following escape sequences than the binary character it represents: +
+ \a alarm, that is, the BEL character (hex 07) + \cx "control-x", where x is any character + \e escape (hex 1B) + \f formfeed (hex 0C) + \n linefeed (hex 0A) + \r carriage return (hex 0D) + \t tab (hex 09) + \ddd character with octal code ddd, or backreference + \xhh character with hex code hh + \x{hhh..} character with hex code hhh.. ++The precise effect of \cx is as follows: if x is a lower case letter, it +is converted to upper case. Then bit 6 of the character (hex 40) is inverted. +Thus \cz becomes hex 1A, but \c{ becomes hex 3B, while \c; becomes hex +7B. + +
+After \x, from zero to two hexadecimal digits are read (letters can be in +upper or lower case). Any number of hexadecimal digits may appear between \x{ +and }, but the value of the character code must be less than 256 in non-UTF-8 +mode, and less than 2**31 in UTF-8 mode. That is, the maximum value in +hexadecimal is 7FFFFFFF. Note that this is bigger than the largest Unicode code +point, which is 10FFFF. +
++If characters other than hexadecimal digits appear between \x{ and }, or if +there is no terminating }, this form of escape is not recognized. Instead, the +initial \x will be interpreted as a basic hexadecimal escape, with no +following digits, giving a character whose value is zero. +
++Characters whose value is less than 256 can be defined by either of the two +syntaxes for \x. There is no difference in the way they are handled. For +example, \xdc is exactly the same as \x{dc}. +
++After \0 up to two further octal digits are read. If there are fewer than two +digits, just those that are present are used. Thus the sequence \0\x\07 +specifies two binary zeros followed by a BEL character (code value 7). Make +sure you supply two digits after the initial zero if the pattern character that +follows is itself an octal digit. +
++The handling of a backslash followed by a digit other than 0 is complicated. +Outside a character class, PCRE reads it and any following digits as a decimal +number. If the number is less than 10, or if there have been at least that many +previous capturing left parentheses in the expression, the entire sequence is +taken as a back reference. A description of how this works is given +later, +following the discussion of +parenthesized subpatterns. +
++Inside a character class, or if the decimal number is greater than 9 and there +have not been that many capturing subpatterns, PCRE re-reads up to three octal +digits following the backslash, and uses them to generate a data character. Any +subsequent digits stand for themselves. In non-UTF-8 mode, the value of a +character specified in octal must be less than \400. In UTF-8 mode, values up +to \777 are permitted. For example: +
+ \040 is another way of writing a space + \40 is the same, provided there are fewer than 40 previous capturing subpatterns + \7 is always a back reference + \11 might be a back reference, or another way of writing a tab + \011 is always a tab + \0113 is a tab followed by the character "3" + \113 might be a back reference, otherwise the character with octal code 113 + \377 might be a back reference, otherwise the byte consisting entirely of 1 bits + \81 is either a back reference, or a binary zero followed by the two characters "8" and "1" ++Note that octal values of 100 or greater must not be introduced by a leading +zero, because no more than three octal digits are ever read. + +
+All the sequences that define a single character value can be used both inside +and outside character classes. In addition, inside a character class, the +sequence \b is interpreted as the backspace character (hex 08), and the +sequences \R and \X are interpreted as the characters "R" and "X", +respectively. Outside a character class, these sequences have different +meanings +(see below). +
++The sequence \g followed by an unsigned or a negative number, optionally +enclosed in braces, is an absolute or relative back reference. A named back +reference can be coded as \g{name}. Back references are discussed +later, +following the discussion of +parenthesized subpatterns. +
++For compatibility with Oniguruma, the non-Perl syntax \g followed by a name or +a number enclosed either in angle brackets or single quotes, is an alternative +syntax for referencing a subpattern as a "subroutine". Details are discussed +later. +Note that \g{...} (Perl syntax) and \g<...> (Oniguruma syntax) are not +synonymous. The former is a back reference; the latter is a +subroutine +call. +
++Another use of backslash is for specifying generic character types. The +following are always recognized: +
+ \d any decimal digit + \D any character that is not a decimal digit + \h any horizontal whitespace character + \H any character that is not a horizontal whitespace character + \s any whitespace character + \S any character that is not a whitespace character + \v any vertical whitespace character + \V any character that is not a vertical whitespace character + \w any "word" character + \W any "non-word" character ++Each pair of escape sequences partitions the complete set of characters into +two disjoint sets. Any given character matches one, and only one, of each pair. + +
+These character type sequences can appear both inside and outside character +classes. They each match one character of the appropriate type. If the current +matching point is at the end of the subject string, all of them fail, since +there is no character to match. +
++For compatibility with Perl, \s does not match the VT character (code 11). +This makes it different from the the POSIX "space" class. The \s characters +are HT (9), LF (10), FF (12), CR (13), and space (32). If "use locale;" is +included in a Perl script, \s may match the VT character. In PCRE, it never +does. +
++In UTF-8 mode, characters with values greater than 128 never match \d, \s, or +\w, and always match \D, \S, and \W. This is true even when Unicode +character property support is available. These sequences retain their original +meanings from before UTF-8 support was available, mainly for efficiency +reasons. Note that this also affects \b, because it is defined in terms of \w +and \W. +
++The sequences \h, \H, \v, and \V are Perl 5.10 features. In contrast to the +other sequences, these do match certain high-valued codepoints in UTF-8 mode. +The horizontal space characters are: +
+ U+0009 Horizontal tab + U+0020 Space + U+00A0 Non-break space + U+1680 Ogham space mark + U+180E Mongolian vowel separator + U+2000 En quad + U+2001 Em quad + U+2002 En space + U+2003 Em space + U+2004 Three-per-em space + U+2005 Four-per-em space + U+2006 Six-per-em space + U+2007 Figure space + U+2008 Punctuation space + U+2009 Thin space + U+200A Hair space + U+202F Narrow no-break space + U+205F Medium mathematical space + U+3000 Ideographic space ++The vertical space characters are: +
+ U+000A Linefeed + U+000B Vertical tab + U+000C Formfeed + U+000D Carriage return + U+0085 Next line + U+2028 Line separator + U+2029 Paragraph separator ++ +
+A "word" character is an underscore or any character less than 256 that is a +letter or digit. The definition of letters and digits is controlled by PCRE's +low-valued character tables, and may vary if locale-specific matching is taking +place (see +"Locale support" +in the +pcreapi +page). For example, in a French locale such as "fr_FR" in Unix-like systems, +or "french" in Windows, some character codes greater than 128 are used for +accented letters, and these are matched by \w. The use of locales with Unicode +is discouraged. +
++Outside a character class, by default, the escape sequence \R matches any +Unicode newline sequence. This is a Perl 5.10 feature. In non-UTF-8 mode \R is +equivalent to the following: +
+ (?>\r\n|\n|\x0b|\f|\r|\x85) ++This is an example of an "atomic group", details of which are given +below. +This particular group matches either the two-character sequence CR followed by +LF, or one of the single characters LF (linefeed, U+000A), VT (vertical tab, +U+000B), FF (formfeed, U+000C), CR (carriage return, U+000D), or NEL (next +line, U+0085). The two-character sequence is treated as a single unit that +cannot be split. + +
+In UTF-8 mode, two additional characters whose codepoints are greater than 255 +are added: LS (line separator, U+2028) and PS (paragraph separator, U+2029). +Unicode character property support is not needed for these characters to be +recognized. +
++It is possible to restrict \R to match only CR, LF, or CRLF (instead of the +complete set of Unicode line endings) by setting the option PCRE_BSR_ANYCRLF +either at compile time or when the pattern is matched. (BSR is an abbrevation +for "backslash R".) This can be made the default when PCRE is built; if this is +the case, the other behaviour can be requested via the PCRE_BSR_UNICODE option. +It is also possible to specify these settings by starting a pattern string with +one of the following sequences: +
+ (*BSR_ANYCRLF) CR, LF, or CRLF only + (*BSR_UNICODE) any Unicode newline sequence ++These override the default and the options given to pcre_compile() or +pcre_compile2(), but they can be overridden by options given to +pcre_exec() or pcre_dfa_exec(). Note that these special settings, +which are not Perl-compatible, are recognized only at the very start of a +pattern, and that they must be in upper case. If more than one of them is +present, the last one is used. They can be combined with a change of newline +convention, for example, a pattern can start with: +
+ (*ANY)(*BSR_ANYCRLF) ++Inside a character class, \R matches the letter "R". + +
+When PCRE is built with Unicode character property support, three additional +escape sequences that match characters with specific properties are available. +When not in UTF-8 mode, these sequences are of course limited to testing +characters whose codepoints are less than 256, but they do work in this mode. +The extra escape sequences are: +
+ \p{xx} a character with the xx property + \P{xx} a character without the xx property + \X an extended Unicode sequence ++The property names represented by xx above are limited to the Unicode +script names, the general category properties, and "Any", which matches any +character (including newline). Other properties such as "InMusicalSymbols" are +not currently supported by PCRE. Note that \P{Any} does not match any +characters, so always causes a match failure. + +
+Sets of Unicode characters are defined as belonging to certain scripts. A +character from one of these sets can be matched using a script name. For +example: +
+ \p{Greek} + \P{Han} ++Those that are not part of an identified script are lumped together as +"Common". The current list of scripts is: + +
+Arabic, +Armenian, +Balinese, +Bengali, +Bopomofo, +Braille, +Buginese, +Buhid, +Canadian_Aboriginal, +Cherokee, +Common, +Coptic, +Cuneiform, +Cypriot, +Cyrillic, +Deseret, +Devanagari, +Ethiopic, +Georgian, +Glagolitic, +Gothic, +Greek, +Gujarati, +Gurmukhi, +Han, +Hangul, +Hanunoo, +Hebrew, +Hiragana, +Inherited, +Kannada, +Katakana, +Kharoshthi, +Khmer, +Lao, +Latin, +Limbu, +Linear_B, +Malayalam, +Mongolian, +Myanmar, +New_Tai_Lue, +Nko, +Ogham, +Old_Italic, +Old_Persian, +Oriya, +Osmanya, +Phags_Pa, +Phoenician, +Runic, +Shavian, +Sinhala, +Syloti_Nagri, +Syriac, +Tagalog, +Tagbanwa, +Tai_Le, +Tamil, +Telugu, +Thaana, +Thai, +Tibetan, +Tifinagh, +Ugaritic, +Yi. +
++Each character has exactly one general category property, specified by a +two-letter abbreviation. For compatibility with Perl, negation can be specified +by including a circumflex between the opening brace and the property name. For +example, \p{^Lu} is the same as \P{Lu}. +
++If only one letter is specified with \p or \P, it includes all the general +category properties that start with that letter. In this case, in the absence +of negation, the curly brackets in the escape sequence are optional; these two +examples have the same effect: +
+ \p{L} + \pL ++The following general category property codes are supported: +
+ C Other + Cc Control + Cf Format + Cn Unassigned + Co Private use + Cs Surrogate + + L Letter + Ll Lower case letter + Lm Modifier letter + Lo Other letter + Lt Title case letter + Lu Upper case letter + + M Mark + Mc Spacing mark + Me Enclosing mark + Mn Non-spacing mark + + N Number + Nd Decimal number + Nl Letter number + No Other number + + P Punctuation + Pc Connector punctuation + Pd Dash punctuation + Pe Close punctuation + Pf Final punctuation + Pi Initial punctuation + Po Other punctuation + Ps Open punctuation + + S Symbol + Sc Currency symbol + Sk Modifier symbol + Sm Mathematical symbol + So Other symbol + + Z Separator + Zl Line separator + Zp Paragraph separator + Zs Space separator ++The special property L& is also supported: it matches a character that has +the Lu, Ll, or Lt property, in other words, a letter that is not classified as +a modifier or "other". + +
+The Cs (Surrogate) property applies only to characters in the range U+D800 to +U+DFFF. Such characters are not valid in UTF-8 strings (see RFC 3629) and so +cannot be tested by PCRE, unless UTF-8 validity checking has been turned off +(see the discussion of PCRE_NO_UTF8_CHECK in the +pcreapi +page). Perl does not support the Cs property. +
++The long synonyms for property names that Perl supports (such as \p{Letter}) +are not supported by PCRE, nor is it permitted to prefix any of these +properties with "Is". +
++No character that is in the Unicode table has the Cn (unassigned) property. +Instead, this property is assumed for any code point that is not in the +Unicode table. +
++Specifying caseless matching does not affect these escape sequences. For +example, \p{Lu} always matches only upper case letters. +
++The \X escape matches any number of Unicode characters that form an extended +Unicode sequence. \X is equivalent to +
+ (?>\PM\pM*) ++That is, it matches a character without the "mark" property, followed by zero +or more characters with the "mark" property, and treats the sequence as an +atomic group +(see below). +Characters with the "mark" property are typically accents that affect the +preceding character. None of them have codepoints less than 256, so in +non-UTF-8 mode \X matches any one character. + +
+Matching characters by Unicode property is not fast, because PCRE has to search +a structure that contains data for over fifteen thousand characters. That is +why the traditional escape sequences such as \d and \w do not use Unicode +properties in PCRE. +
++The escape sequence \K, which is a Perl 5.10 feature, causes any previously +matched characters not to be included in the final matched sequence. For +example, the pattern: +
+ foo\Kbar ++matches "foobar", but reports that it has matched "bar". This feature is +similar to a lookbehind assertion +(described below). +However, in this case, the part of the subject before the real match does not +have to be of fixed length, as lookbehind assertions do. The use of \K does +not interfere with the setting of +captured substrings. +For example, when the pattern +
+ (foo)\Kbar ++matches "foobar", the first substring is still set to "foo". + +
+The final use of backslash is for certain simple assertions. An assertion +specifies a condition that has to be met at a particular point in a match, +without consuming any characters from the subject string. The use of +subpatterns for more complicated assertions is described +below. +The backslashed assertions are: +
+ \b matches at a word boundary + \B matches when not at a word boundary + \A matches at the start of the subject + \Z matches at the end of the subject + also matches before a newline at the end of the subject + \z matches only at the end of the subject + \G matches at the first matching position in the subject ++These assertions may not appear in character classes (but note that \b has a +different meaning, namely the backspace character, inside a character class). + +
+A word boundary is a position in the subject string where the current character +and the previous character do not both match \w or \W (i.e. one matches +\w and the other matches \W), or the start or end of the string if the +first or last character matches \w, respectively. Neither PCRE nor Perl has a +separte "start of word" or "end of word" metasequence. However, whatever +follows \b normally determines which it is. For example, the fragment +\ba matches "a" at the start of a word. +
++The \A, \Z, and \z assertions differ from the traditional circumflex and +dollar (described in the next section) in that they only ever match at the very +start and end of the subject string, whatever options are set. Thus, they are +independent of multiline mode. These three assertions are not affected by the +PCRE_NOTBOL or PCRE_NOTEOL options, which affect only the behaviour of the +circumflex and dollar metacharacters. However, if the startoffset +argument of pcre_exec() is non-zero, indicating that matching is to start +at a point other than the beginning of the subject, \A can never match. The +difference between \Z and \z is that \Z matches before a newline at the end +of the string as well as at the very end, whereas \z matches only at the end. +
++The \G assertion is true only when the current matching position is at the +start point of the match, as specified by the startoffset argument of +pcre_exec(). It differs from \A when the value of startoffset is +non-zero. By calling pcre_exec() multiple times with appropriate +arguments, you can mimic Perl's /g option, and it is in this kind of +implementation where \G can be useful. +
++Note, however, that PCRE's interpretation of \G, as the start of the current +match, is subtly different from Perl's, which defines it as the end of the +previous match. In Perl, these can be different when the previously matched +string was empty. Because PCRE does just one match at a time, it cannot +reproduce this behaviour. +
++If all the alternatives of a pattern begin with \G, the expression is anchored +to the starting match position, and the "anchored" flag is set in the compiled +regular expression. +
++Outside a character class, in the default matching mode, the circumflex +character is an assertion that is true only if the current matching point is +at the start of the subject string. If the startoffset argument of +pcre_exec() is non-zero, circumflex can never match if the PCRE_MULTILINE +option is unset. Inside a character class, circumflex has an entirely different +meaning +(see below). +
++Circumflex need not be the first character of the pattern if a number of +alternatives are involved, but it should be the first thing in each alternative +in which it appears if the pattern is ever to match that branch. If all +possible alternatives start with a circumflex, that is, if the pattern is +constrained to match only at the start of the subject, it is said to be an +"anchored" pattern. (There are also other constructs that can cause a pattern +to be anchored.) +
++A dollar character is an assertion that is true only if the current matching +point is at the end of the subject string, or immediately before a newline +at the end of the string (by default). Dollar need not be the last character of +the pattern if a number of alternatives are involved, but it should be the last +item in any branch in which it appears. Dollar has no special meaning in a +character class. +
++The meaning of dollar can be changed so that it matches only at the very end of +the string, by setting the PCRE_DOLLAR_ENDONLY option at compile time. This +does not affect the \Z assertion. +
++The meanings of the circumflex and dollar characters are changed if the +PCRE_MULTILINE option is set. When this is the case, a circumflex matches +immediately after internal newlines as well as at the start of the subject +string. It does not match after a newline that ends the string. A dollar +matches before any newlines in the string, as well as at the very end, when +PCRE_MULTILINE is set. When newline is specified as the two-character +sequence CRLF, isolated CR and LF characters do not indicate newlines. +
++For example, the pattern /^abc$/ matches the subject string "def\nabc" (where +\n represents a newline) in multiline mode, but not otherwise. Consequently, +patterns that are anchored in single line mode because all branches start with +^ are not anchored in multiline mode, and a match for circumflex is possible +when the startoffset argument of pcre_exec() is non-zero. The +PCRE_DOLLAR_ENDONLY option is ignored if PCRE_MULTILINE is set. +
++Note that the sequences \A, \Z, and \z can be used to match the start and +end of the subject in both modes, and if all branches of a pattern start with +\A it is always anchored, whether or not PCRE_MULTILINE is set. +
++Outside a character class, a dot in the pattern matches any one character in +the subject string except (by default) a character that signifies the end of a +line. In UTF-8 mode, the matched character may be more than one byte long. +
++When a line ending is defined as a single character, dot never matches that +character; when the two-character sequence CRLF is used, dot does not match CR +if it is immediately followed by LF, but otherwise it matches all characters +(including isolated CRs and LFs). When any Unicode line endings are being +recognized, dot does not match CR or LF or any of the other line ending +characters. +
++The behaviour of dot with regard to newlines can be changed. If the PCRE_DOTALL +option is set, a dot matches any one character, without exception. If the +two-character sequence CRLF is present in the subject string, it takes two dots +to match it. +
++The handling of dot is entirely independent of the handling of circumflex and +dollar, the only relationship being that they both involve newlines. Dot has no +special meaning in a character class. +
++Outside a character class, the escape sequence \C matches any one byte, both +in and out of UTF-8 mode. Unlike a dot, it always matches any line-ending +characters. The feature is provided in Perl in order to match individual bytes +in UTF-8 mode. Because it breaks up UTF-8 characters into individual bytes, +what remains in the string may be a malformed UTF-8 string. For this reason, +the \C escape sequence is best avoided. +
++PCRE does not allow \C to appear in lookbehind assertions +(described below), +because in UTF-8 mode this would make it impossible to calculate the length of +the lookbehind. +
++An opening square bracket introduces a character class, terminated by a closing +square bracket. A closing square bracket on its own is not special by default. +However, if the PCRE_JAVASCRIPT_COMPAT option is set, a lone closing square +bracket causes a compile-time error. If a closing square bracket is required as +a member of the class, it should be the first data character in the class +(after an initial circumflex, if present) or escaped with a backslash. +
++A character class matches a single character in the subject. In UTF-8 mode, the +character may be more than one byte long. A matched character must be in the +set of characters defined by the class, unless the first character in the class +definition is a circumflex, in which case the subject character must not be in +the set defined by the class. If a circumflex is actually required as a member +of the class, ensure it is not the first character, or escape it with a +backslash. +
++For example, the character class [aeiou] matches any lower case vowel, while +[^aeiou] matches any character that is not a lower case vowel. Note that a +circumflex is just a convenient notation for specifying the characters that +are in the class by enumerating those that are not. A class that starts with a +circumflex is not an assertion; it still consumes a character from the subject +string, and therefore it fails if the current pointer is at the end of the +string. +
++In UTF-8 mode, characters with values greater than 255 can be included in a +class as a literal string of bytes, or by using the \x{ escaping mechanism. +
++When caseless matching is set, any letters in a class represent both their +upper case and lower case versions, so for example, a caseless [aeiou] matches +"A" as well as "a", and a caseless [^aeiou] does not match "A", whereas a +caseful version would. In UTF-8 mode, PCRE always understands the concept of +case for characters whose values are less than 128, so caseless matching is +always possible. For characters with higher values, the concept of case is +supported if PCRE is compiled with Unicode property support, but not otherwise. +If you want to use caseless matching in UTF8-mode for characters 128 and above, +you must ensure that PCRE is compiled with Unicode property support as well as +with UTF-8 support. +
++Characters that might indicate line breaks are never treated in any special way +when matching character classes, whatever line-ending sequence is in use, and +whatever setting of the PCRE_DOTALL and PCRE_MULTILINE options is used. A class +such as [^a] always matches one of these characters. +
++The minus (hyphen) character can be used to specify a range of characters in a +character class. For example, [d-m] matches any letter between d and m, +inclusive. If a minus character is required in a class, it must be escaped with +a backslash or appear in a position where it cannot be interpreted as +indicating a range, typically as the first or last character in the class. +
++It is not possible to have the literal character "]" as the end character of a +range. A pattern such as [W-]46] is interpreted as a class of two characters +("W" and "-") followed by a literal string "46]", so it would match "W46]" or +"-46]". However, if the "]" is escaped with a backslash it is interpreted as +the end of range, so [W-\]46] is interpreted as a class containing a range +followed by two other characters. The octal or hexadecimal representation of +"]" can also be used to end a range. +
++Ranges operate in the collating sequence of character values. They can also be +used for characters specified numerically, for example [\000-\037]. In UTF-8 +mode, ranges can include characters whose values are greater than 255, for +example [\x{100}-\x{2ff}]. +
++If a range that includes letters is used when caseless matching is set, it +matches the letters in either case. For example, [W-c] is equivalent to +[][\\^_`wxyzabc], matched caselessly, and in non-UTF-8 mode, if character +tables for a French locale are in use, [\xc8-\xcb] matches accented E +characters in both cases. In UTF-8 mode, PCRE supports the concept of case for +characters with values greater than 128 only when it is compiled with Unicode +property support. +
++The character types \d, \D, \p, \P, \s, \S, \w, and \W may also appear +in a character class, and add the characters that they match to the class. For +example, [\dABCDEF] matches any hexadecimal digit. A circumflex can +conveniently be used with the upper case character types to specify a more +restricted set of characters than the matching lower case type. For example, +the class [^\W_] matches any letter or digit, but not underscore. +
++The only metacharacters that are recognized in character classes are backslash, +hyphen (only where it can be interpreted as specifying a range), circumflex +(only at the start), opening square bracket (only when it can be interpreted as +introducing a POSIX class name - see the next section), and the terminating +closing square bracket. However, escaping other non-alphanumeric characters +does no harm. +
++Perl supports the POSIX notation for character classes. This uses names +enclosed by [: and :] within the enclosing square brackets. PCRE also supports +this notation. For example, +
+ [01[:alpha:]%] ++matches "0", "1", any alphabetic character, or "%". The supported class names +are +
+ alnum letters and digits + alpha letters + ascii character codes 0 - 127 + blank space or tab only + cntrl control characters + digit decimal digits (same as \d) + graph printing characters, excluding space + lower lower case letters + print printing characters, including space + punct printing characters, excluding letters and digits + space white space (not quite the same as \s) + upper upper case letters + word "word" characters (same as \w) + xdigit hexadecimal digits ++The "space" characters are HT (9), LF (10), VT (11), FF (12), CR (13), and +space (32). Notice that this list includes the VT character (code 11). This +makes "space" different to \s, which does not include VT (for Perl +compatibility). + +
+The name "word" is a Perl extension, and "blank" is a GNU extension from Perl +5.8. Another Perl extension is negation, which is indicated by a ^ character +after the colon. For example, +
+ [12[:^digit:]] ++matches "1", "2", or any non-digit. PCRE (and Perl) also recognize the POSIX +syntax [.ch.] and [=ch=] where "ch" is a "collating element", but these are not +supported, and an error is given if they are encountered. + +
+In UTF-8 mode, characters with values greater than 128 do not match any of +the POSIX character classes. +
++Vertical bar characters are used to separate alternative patterns. For example, +the pattern +
+ gilbert|sullivan ++matches either "gilbert" or "sullivan". Any number of alternatives may appear, +and an empty alternative is permitted (matching the empty string). The matching +process tries each alternative in turn, from left to right, and the first one +that succeeds is used. If the alternatives are within a subpattern +(defined below), +"succeeds" means matching the rest of the main pattern as well as the +alternative in the subpattern. + +
+The settings of the PCRE_CASELESS, PCRE_MULTILINE, PCRE_DOTALL, and +PCRE_EXTENDED options (which are Perl-compatible) can be changed from within +the pattern by a sequence of Perl option letters enclosed between "(?" and ")". +The option letters are +
+ i for PCRE_CASELESS + m for PCRE_MULTILINE + s for PCRE_DOTALL + x for PCRE_EXTENDED ++For example, (?im) sets caseless, multiline matching. It is also possible to +unset these options by preceding the letter with a hyphen, and a combined +setting and unsetting such as (?im-sx), which sets PCRE_CASELESS and +PCRE_MULTILINE while unsetting PCRE_DOTALL and PCRE_EXTENDED, is also +permitted. If a letter appears both before and after the hyphen, the option is +unset. + +
+The PCRE-specific options PCRE_DUPNAMES, PCRE_UNGREEDY, and PCRE_EXTRA can be +changed in the same way as the Perl-compatible options by using the characters +J, U and X respectively. +
++When one of these option changes occurs at top level (that is, not inside +subpattern parentheses), the change applies to the remainder of the pattern +that follows. If the change is placed right at the start of a pattern, PCRE +extracts it into the global options (and it will therefore show up in data +extracted by the pcre_fullinfo() function). +
++An option change within a subpattern (see below for a description of +subpatterns) affects only that part of the current pattern that follows it, so +
+ (a(?i)b)c ++matches abc and aBc and no other strings (assuming PCRE_CASELESS is not used). +By this means, options can be made to have different settings in different +parts of the pattern. Any changes made in one alternative do carry on +into subsequent branches within the same subpattern. For example, +
+ (a(?i)b|c) ++matches "ab", "aB", "c", and "C", even though when matching "C" the first +branch is abandoned before the option setting. This is because the effects of +option settings happen at compile time. There would be some very weird +behaviour otherwise. + +
+Note: There are other PCRE-specific options that can be set by the +application when the compile or match functions are called. In some cases the +pattern can contain special leading sequences such as (*CRLF) to override what +the application has set or what has been defaulted. Details are given in the +section entitled +"Newline sequences" +above. There is also the (*UTF8) leading sequence that can be used to set UTF-8 +mode; this is equivalent to setting the PCRE_UTF8 option. +
+
+Subpatterns are delimited by parentheses (round brackets), which can be nested.
+Turning part of a pattern into a subpattern does two things:
+
+
+1. It localizes a set of alternatives. For example, the pattern
+
+ cat(aract|erpillar|) ++matches one of the words "cat", "cataract", or "caterpillar". Without the +parentheses, it would match "cataract", "erpillar" or an empty string. +
+For example, if the string "the red king" is matched against the pattern +
+ the ((red|white) (king|queen)) ++the captured substrings are "red king", "red", and "king", and are numbered 1, +2, and 3, respectively. + +
+The fact that plain parentheses fulfil two functions is not always helpful. +There are often times when a grouping subpattern is required without a +capturing requirement. If an opening parenthesis is followed by a question mark +and a colon, the subpattern does not do any capturing, and is not counted when +computing the number of any subsequent capturing subpatterns. For example, if +the string "the white queen" is matched against the pattern +
+ the ((?:red|white) (king|queen)) ++the captured substrings are "white queen" and "queen", and are numbered 1 and +2. The maximum number of capturing subpatterns is 65535. + +
+As a convenient shorthand, if any option settings are required at the start of +a non-capturing subpattern, the option letters may appear between the "?" and +the ":". Thus the two patterns +
+ (?i:saturday|sunday) + (?:(?i)saturday|sunday) ++match exactly the same set of strings. Because alternative branches are tried +from left to right, and options are not reset until the end of the subpattern +is reached, an option setting in one branch does affect subsequent branches, so +the above patterns match "SUNDAY" as well as "Saturday". + +
+Perl 5.10 introduced a feature whereby each alternative in a subpattern uses +the same numbers for its capturing parentheses. Such a subpattern starts with +(?| and is itself a non-capturing subpattern. For example, consider this +pattern: +
+ (?|(Sat)ur|(Sun))day ++Because the two alternatives are inside a (?| group, both sets of capturing +parentheses are numbered one. Thus, when the pattern matches, you can look +at captured substring number one, whichever alternative matched. This construct +is useful when you want to capture part, but not all, of one of a number of +alternatives. Inside a (?| group, parentheses are numbered as usual, but the +number is reset at the start of each branch. The numbers of any capturing +buffers that follow the subpattern start after the highest number used in any +branch. The following example is taken from the Perl documentation. +The numbers underneath show in which buffer the captured content will be +stored. +
+ # before ---------------branch-reset----------- after + / ( a ) (?| x ( y ) z | (p (q) r) | (t) u (v) ) ( z ) /x + # 1 2 2 3 2 3 4 ++A backreference to a numbered subpattern uses the most recent value that is set +for that number by any subpattern. The following pattern matches "abcabc" or +"defdef": +
+ /(?|(abc)|(def))\1/ ++In contrast, a recursive or "subroutine" call to a numbered subpattern always +refers to the first one in the pattern with the given number. The following +pattern matches "abcabc" or "defabc": +
+ /(?|(abc)|(def))(?1)/ ++If a +condition test +for a subpattern's having matched refers to a non-unique number, the test is +true if any of the subpatterns of that number have matched. + +
+An alternative approach to using this "branch reset" feature is to use +duplicate named subpatterns, as described in the next section. +
++Identifying capturing parentheses by number is simple, but it can be very hard +to keep track of the numbers in complicated regular expressions. Furthermore, +if an expression is modified, the numbers may change. To help with this +difficulty, PCRE supports the naming of subpatterns. This feature was not +added to Perl until release 5.10. Python had the feature earlier, and PCRE +introduced it at release 4.0, using the Python syntax. PCRE now supports both +the Perl and the Python syntax. Perl allows identically numbered subpatterns to +have different names, but PCRE does not. +
++In PCRE, a subpattern can be named in one of three ways: (?<name>...) or +(?'name'...) as in Perl, or (?P<name>...) as in Python. References to capturing +parentheses from other parts of the pattern, such as +backreferences, +recursion, +and +conditions, +can be made by name as well as by number. +
++Names consist of up to 32 alphanumeric characters and underscores. Named +capturing parentheses are still allocated numbers as well as names, exactly as +if the names were not present. The PCRE API provides function calls for +extracting the name-to-number translation table from a compiled pattern. There +is also a convenience function for extracting a captured substring by name. +
++By default, a name must be unique within a pattern, but it is possible to relax +this constraint by setting the PCRE_DUPNAMES option at compile time. (Duplicate +names are also always permitted for subpatterns with the same number, set up as +described in the previous section.) Duplicate names can be useful for patterns +where only one instance of the named parentheses can match. Suppose you want to +match the name of a weekday, either as a 3-letter abbreviation or as the full +name, and in both cases you want to extract the abbreviation. This pattern +(ignoring the line breaks) does the job: +
+ (?<DN>Mon|Fri|Sun)(?:day)?| + (?<DN>Tue)(?:sday)?| + (?<DN>Wed)(?:nesday)?| + (?<DN>Thu)(?:rsday)?| + (?<DN>Sat)(?:urday)? ++There are five capturing substrings, but only one is ever set after a match. +(An alternative way of solving this problem is to use a "branch reset" +subpattern, as described in the previous section.) + +
+The convenience function for extracting the data by name returns the substring +for the first (and in this example, the only) subpattern of that name that +matched. This saves searching to find which numbered subpattern it was. +
++If you make a backreference to a non-unique named subpattern from elsewhere in +the pattern, the one that corresponds to the first occurrence of the name is +used. In the absence of duplicate numbers (see the previous section) this is +the one with the lowest number. If you use a named reference in a condition +test (see the +section about conditions +below), either to check whether a subpattern has matched, or to check for +recursion, all subpatterns with the same name are tested. If the condition is +true for any one of them, the overall condition is true. This is the same +behaviour as testing by number. For further details of the interfaces for +handling named subpatterns, see the +pcreapi +documentation. +
++Warning: You cannot use different names to distinguish between two +subpatterns with the same number because PCRE uses only the numbers when +matching. For this reason, an error is given at compile time if different names +are given to subpatterns with the same number. However, you can give the same +name to subpatterns with the same number, even when PCRE_DUPNAMES is not set. +
++Repetition is specified by quantifiers, which can follow any of the following +items: +
+ a literal data character + the dot metacharacter + the \C escape sequence + the \X escape sequence (in UTF-8 mode with Unicode properties) + the \R escape sequence + an escape such as \d that matches a single character + a character class + a back reference (see next section) + a parenthesized subpattern (unless it is an assertion) + a recursive or "subroutine" call to a subpattern ++The general repetition quantifier specifies a minimum and maximum number of +permitted matches, by giving the two numbers in curly brackets (braces), +separated by a comma. The numbers must be less than 65536, and the first must +be less than or equal to the second. For example: +
+ z{2,4} ++matches "zz", "zzz", or "zzzz". A closing brace on its own is not a special +character. If the second number is omitted, but the comma is present, there is +no upper limit; if the second number and the comma are both omitted, the +quantifier specifies an exact number of required matches. Thus +
+ [aeiou]{3,} ++matches at least 3 successive vowels, but may match many more, while +
+ \d{8} ++matches exactly 8 digits. An opening curly bracket that appears in a position +where a quantifier is not allowed, or one that does not match the syntax of a +quantifier, is taken as a literal character. For example, {,6} is not a +quantifier, but a literal string of four characters. + +
+In UTF-8 mode, quantifiers apply to UTF-8 characters rather than to individual +bytes. Thus, for example, \x{100}{2} matches two UTF-8 characters, each of +which is represented by a two-byte sequence. Similarly, when Unicode property +support is available, \X{3} matches three Unicode extended sequences, each of +which may be several bytes long (and they may be of different lengths). +
++The quantifier {0} is permitted, causing the expression to behave as if the +previous item and the quantifier were not present. This may be useful for +subpatterns that are referenced as +subroutines +from elsewhere in the pattern. Items other than subpatterns that have a {0} +quantifier are omitted from the compiled pattern. +
++For convenience, the three most common quantifiers have single-character +abbreviations: +
+ * is equivalent to {0,} + + is equivalent to {1,} + ? is equivalent to {0,1} ++It is possible to construct infinite loops by following a subpattern that can +match no characters with a quantifier that has no upper limit, for example: +
+ (a?)* ++Earlier versions of Perl and PCRE used to give an error at compile time for +such patterns. However, because there are cases where this can be useful, such +patterns are now accepted, but if any repetition of the subpattern does in fact +match no characters, the loop is forcibly broken. + +
+By default, the quantifiers are "greedy", that is, they match as much as +possible (up to the maximum number of permitted times), without causing the +rest of the pattern to fail. The classic example of where this gives problems +is in trying to match comments in C programs. These appear between /* and */ +and within the comment, individual * and / characters may appear. An attempt to +match C comments by applying the pattern +
+ /\*.*\*/ ++to the string +
+ /* first comment */ not comment /* second comment */ ++fails, because it matches the entire string owing to the greediness of the .* +item. + +
+However, if a quantifier is followed by a question mark, it ceases to be +greedy, and instead matches the minimum number of times possible, so the +pattern +
+ /\*.*?\*/ ++does the right thing with the C comments. The meaning of the various +quantifiers is not otherwise changed, just the preferred number of matches. +Do not confuse this use of question mark with its use as a quantifier in its +own right. Because it has two uses, it can sometimes appear doubled, as in +
+ \d??\d ++which matches one digit by preference, but can match two if that is the only +way the rest of the pattern matches. + +
+If the PCRE_UNGREEDY option is set (an option that is not available in Perl), +the quantifiers are not greedy by default, but individual ones can be made +greedy by following them with a question mark. In other words, it inverts the +default behaviour. +
++When a parenthesized subpattern is quantified with a minimum repeat count that +is greater than 1 or with a limited maximum, more memory is required for the +compiled pattern, in proportion to the size of the minimum or maximum. +
++If a pattern starts with .* or .{0,} and the PCRE_DOTALL option (equivalent +to Perl's /s) is set, thus allowing the dot to match newlines, the pattern is +implicitly anchored, because whatever follows will be tried against every +character position in the subject string, so there is no point in retrying the +overall match at any position after the first. PCRE normally treats such a +pattern as though it were preceded by \A. +
++In cases where it is known that the subject string contains no newlines, it is +worth setting PCRE_DOTALL in order to obtain this optimization, or +alternatively using ^ to indicate anchoring explicitly. +
++However, there is one situation where the optimization cannot be used. When .* +is inside capturing parentheses that are the subject of a backreference +elsewhere in the pattern, a match at the start may fail where a later one +succeeds. Consider, for example: +
+ (.*)abc\1 ++If the subject is "xyz123abc123" the match point is the fourth character. For +this reason, such a pattern is not implicitly anchored. + +
+When a capturing subpattern is repeated, the value captured is the substring +that matched the final iteration. For example, after +
+ (tweedle[dume]{3}\s*)+ ++has matched "tweedledum tweedledee" the value of the captured substring is +"tweedledee". However, if there are nested capturing subpatterns, the +corresponding captured values may have been set in previous iterations. For +example, after +
+ /(a|(b))+/ ++matches "aba" the value of the second captured substring is "b". + +
+With both maximizing ("greedy") and minimizing ("ungreedy" or "lazy") +repetition, failure of what follows normally causes the repeated item to be +re-evaluated to see if a different number of repeats allows the rest of the +pattern to match. Sometimes it is useful to prevent this, either to change the +nature of the match, or to cause it fail earlier than it otherwise might, when +the author of the pattern knows there is no point in carrying on. +
++Consider, for example, the pattern \d+foo when applied to the subject line +
+ 123456bar ++After matching all 6 digits and then failing to match "foo", the normal +action of the matcher is to try again with only 5 digits matching the \d+ +item, and then with 4, and so on, before ultimately failing. "Atomic grouping" +(a term taken from Jeffrey Friedl's book) provides the means for specifying +that once a subpattern has matched, it is not to be re-evaluated in this way. + +
+If we use atomic grouping for the previous example, the matcher gives up +immediately on failing to match "foo" the first time. The notation is a kind of +special parenthesis, starting with (?> as in this example: +
+ (?>\d+)foo ++This kind of parenthesis "locks up" the part of the pattern it contains once +it has matched, and a failure further into the pattern is prevented from +backtracking into it. Backtracking past it to previous items, however, works as +normal. + +
+An alternative description is that a subpattern of this type matches the string +of characters that an identical standalone pattern would match, if anchored at +the current point in the subject string. +
++Atomic grouping subpatterns are not capturing subpatterns. Simple cases such as +the above example can be thought of as a maximizing repeat that must swallow +everything it can. So, while both \d+ and \d+? are prepared to adjust the +number of digits they match in order to make the rest of the pattern match, +(?>\d+) can only match an entire sequence of digits. +
++Atomic groups in general can of course contain arbitrarily complicated +subpatterns, and can be nested. However, when the subpattern for an atomic +group is just a single repeated item, as in the example above, a simpler +notation, called a "possessive quantifier" can be used. This consists of an +additional + character following a quantifier. Using this notation, the +previous example can be rewritten as +
+ \d++foo ++Note that a possessive quantifier can be used with an entire group, for +example: +
+ (abc|xyz){2,3}+ ++Possessive quantifiers are always greedy; the setting of the PCRE_UNGREEDY +option is ignored. They are a convenient notation for the simpler forms of +atomic group. However, there is no difference in the meaning of a possessive +quantifier and the equivalent atomic group, though there may be a performance +difference; possessive quantifiers should be slightly faster. + +
+The possessive quantifier syntax is an extension to the Perl 5.8 syntax. +Jeffrey Friedl originated the idea (and the name) in the first edition of his +book. Mike McCloskey liked it, so implemented it when he built Sun's Java +package, and PCRE copied it from there. It ultimately found its way into Perl +at release 5.10. +
++PCRE has an optimization that automatically "possessifies" certain simple +pattern constructs. For example, the sequence A+B is treated as A++B because +there is no point in backtracking into a sequence of A's when B must follow. +
++When a pattern contains an unlimited repeat inside a subpattern that can itself +be repeated an unlimited number of times, the use of an atomic group is the +only way to avoid some failing matches taking a very long time indeed. The +pattern +
+ (\D+|<\d+>)*[!?] ++matches an unlimited number of substrings that either consist of non-digits, or +digits enclosed in <>, followed by either ! or ?. When it matches, it runs +quickly. However, if it is applied to +
+ aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa ++it takes a long time before reporting failure. This is because the string can +be divided between the internal \D+ repeat and the external * repeat in a +large number of ways, and all have to be tried. (The example uses [!?] rather +than a single character at the end, because both PCRE and Perl have an +optimization that allows for fast failure when a single character is used. They +remember the last single character that is required for a match, and fail early +if it is not present in the string.) If the pattern is changed so that it uses +an atomic group, like this: +
+ ((?>\D+)|<\d+>)*[!?] ++sequences of non-digits cannot be broken, and failure happens quickly. + +
+Outside a character class, a backslash followed by a digit greater than 0 (and +possibly further digits) is a back reference to a capturing subpattern earlier +(that is, to its left) in the pattern, provided there have been that many +previous capturing left parentheses. +
++However, if the decimal number following the backslash is less than 10, it is +always taken as a back reference, and causes an error only if there are not +that many capturing left parentheses in the entire pattern. In other words, the +parentheses that are referenced need not be to the left of the reference for +numbers less than 10. A "forward back reference" of this type can make sense +when a repetition is involved and the subpattern to the right has participated +in an earlier iteration. +
++It is not possible to have a numerical "forward back reference" to a subpattern +whose number is 10 or more using this syntax because a sequence such as \50 is +interpreted as a character defined in octal. See the subsection entitled +"Non-printing characters" +above +for further details of the handling of digits following a backslash. There is +no such problem when named parentheses are used. A back reference to any +subpattern is possible using named parentheses (see below). +
++Another way of avoiding the ambiguity inherent in the use of digits following a +backslash is to use the \g escape sequence, which is a feature introduced in +Perl 5.10. This escape must be followed by an unsigned number or a negative +number, optionally enclosed in braces. These examples are all identical: +
+ (ring), \1 + (ring), \g1 + (ring), \g{1} ++An unsigned number specifies an absolute reference without the ambiguity that +is present in the older syntax. It is also useful when literal digits follow +the reference. A negative number is a relative reference. Consider this +example: +
+ (abc(def)ghi)\g{-1} ++The sequence \g{-1} is a reference to the most recently started capturing +subpattern before \g, that is, is it equivalent to \2. Similarly, \g{-2} +would be equivalent to \1. The use of relative references can be helpful in +long patterns, and also in patterns that are created by joining together +fragments that contain references within themselves. + +
+A back reference matches whatever actually matched the capturing subpattern in +the current subject string, rather than anything matching the subpattern +itself (see +"Subpatterns as subroutines" +below for a way of doing that). So the pattern +
+ (sens|respons)e and \1ibility ++matches "sense and sensibility" and "response and responsibility", but not +"sense and responsibility". If caseful matching is in force at the time of the +back reference, the case of letters is relevant. For example, +
+ ((?i)rah)\s+\1 ++matches "rah rah" and "RAH RAH", but not "RAH rah", even though the original +capturing subpattern is matched caselessly. + +
+There are several different ways of writing back references to named +subpatterns. The .NET syntax \k{name} and the Perl syntax \k<name> or +\k'name' are supported, as is the Python syntax (?P=name). Perl 5.10's unified +back reference syntax, in which \g can be used for both numeric and named +references, is also supported. We could rewrite the above example in any of +the following ways: +
+ (?<p1>(?i)rah)\s+\k<p1> + (?'p1'(?i)rah)\s+\k{p1} + (?P<p1>(?i)rah)\s+(?P=p1) + (?<p1>(?i)rah)\s+\g{p1} ++A subpattern that is referenced by name may appear in the pattern before or +after the reference. + +
+There may be more than one back reference to the same subpattern. If a +subpattern has not actually been used in a particular match, any back +references to it always fail by default. For example, the pattern +
+ (a|(bc))\2 ++always fails if it starts to match "a" rather than "bc". However, if the +PCRE_JAVASCRIPT_COMPAT option is set at compile time, a back reference to an +unset value matches an empty string. + +
+Because there may be many capturing parentheses in a pattern, all digits +following a backslash are taken as part of a potential back reference number. +If the pattern continues with a digit character, some delimiter must be used to +terminate the back reference. If the PCRE_EXTENDED option is set, this can be +whitespace. Otherwise, the \g{ syntax or an empty comment (see +"Comments" +below) can be used. +
++A back reference that occurs inside the parentheses to which it refers fails +when the subpattern is first used, so, for example, (a\1) never matches. +However, such references can be useful inside repeated subpatterns. For +example, the pattern +
+ (a|b\1)+ ++matches any number of "a"s and also "aba", "ababbaa" etc. At each iteration of +the subpattern, the back reference matches the character string corresponding +to the previous iteration. In order for this to work, the pattern must be such +that the first iteration does not need to match the back reference. This can be +done using alternation, as in the example above, or by a quantifier with a +minimum of zero. + +
+An assertion is a test on the characters following or preceding the current +matching point that does not actually consume any characters. The simple +assertions coded as \b, \B, \A, \G, \Z, \z, ^ and $ are described +above. +
++More complicated assertions are coded as subpatterns. There are two kinds: +those that look ahead of the current position in the subject string, and those +that look behind it. An assertion subpattern is matched in the normal way, +except that it does not cause the current matching position to be changed. +
++Assertion subpatterns are not capturing subpatterns, and may not be repeated, +because it makes no sense to assert the same thing several times. If any kind +of assertion contains capturing subpatterns within it, these are counted for +the purposes of numbering the capturing subpatterns in the whole pattern. +However, substring capturing is carried out only for positive assertions, +because it does not make sense for negative assertions. +
++Lookahead assertions start with (?= for positive assertions and (?! for +negative assertions. For example, +
+ \w+(?=;) ++matches a word followed by a semicolon, but does not include the semicolon in +the match, and +
+ foo(?!bar) ++matches any occurrence of "foo" that is not followed by "bar". Note that the +apparently similar pattern +
+ (?!foo)bar ++does not find an occurrence of "bar" that is preceded by something other than +"foo"; it finds any occurrence of "bar" whatsoever, because the assertion +(?!foo) is always true when the next three characters are "bar". A +lookbehind assertion is needed to achieve the other effect. + +
+If you want to force a matching failure at some point in a pattern, the most +convenient way to do it is with (?!) because an empty string always matches, so +an assertion that requires there not to be an empty string must always fail. +The Perl 5.10 backtracking control verb (*FAIL) or (*F) is essentially a +synonym for (?!). +
++Lookbehind assertions start with (?<= for positive assertions and (?<! for +negative assertions. For example, +
+ (?<!foo)bar ++does find an occurrence of "bar" that is not preceded by "foo". The contents of +a lookbehind assertion are restricted such that all the strings it matches must +have a fixed length. However, if there are several top-level alternatives, they +do not all have to have the same fixed length. Thus +
+ (?<=bullock|donkey) ++is permitted, but +
+ (?<!dogs?|cats?) ++causes an error at compile time. Branches that match different length strings +are permitted only at the top level of a lookbehind assertion. This is an +extension compared with Perl (5.8 and 5.10), which requires all branches to +match the same length of string. An assertion such as +
+ (?<=ab(c|de)) ++is not permitted, because its single top-level branch can match two different +lengths, but it is acceptable to PCRE if rewritten to use two top-level +branches: +
+ (?<=abc|abde) ++In some cases, the Perl 5.10 escape sequence \K +(see above) +can be used instead of a lookbehind assertion to get round the fixed-length +restriction. + +
+The implementation of lookbehind assertions is, for each alternative, to +temporarily move the current position back by the fixed length and then try to +match. If there are insufficient characters before the current position, the +assertion fails. +
++PCRE does not allow the \C escape (which matches a single byte in UTF-8 mode) +to appear in lookbehind assertions, because it makes it impossible to calculate +the length of the lookbehind. The \X and \R escapes, which can match +different numbers of bytes, are also not permitted. +
++"Subroutine" +calls (see below) such as (?2) or (?&X) are permitted in lookbehinds, as long +as the subpattern matches a fixed-length string. +Recursion, +however, is not supported. +
++Possessive quantifiers can be used in conjunction with lookbehind assertions to +specify efficient matching of fixed-length strings at the end of subject +strings. Consider a simple pattern such as +
+ abcd$ ++when applied to a long string that does not match. Because matching proceeds +from left to right, PCRE will look for each "a" in the subject and then see if +what follows matches the rest of the pattern. If the pattern is specified as +
+ ^.*abcd$ ++the initial .* matches the entire string at first, but when this fails (because +there is no following "a"), it backtracks to match all but the last character, +then all but the last two characters, and so on. Once again the search for "a" +covers the entire string, from right to left, so we are no better off. However, +if the pattern is written as +
+ ^.*+(?<=abcd) ++there can be no backtracking for the .*+ item; it can match only the entire +string. The subsequent lookbehind assertion does a single test on the last four +characters. If it fails, the match fails immediately. For long strings, this +approach makes a significant difference to the processing time. + +
+Several assertions (of any sort) may occur in succession. For example, +
+ (?<=\d{3})(?<!999)foo ++matches "foo" preceded by three digits that are not "999". Notice that each of +the assertions is applied independently at the same point in the subject +string. First there is a check that the previous three characters are all +digits, and then there is a check that the same three characters are not "999". +This pattern does not match "foo" preceded by six characters, the first +of which are digits and the last three of which are not "999". For example, it +doesn't match "123abcfoo". A pattern to do that is +
+ (?<=\d{3}...)(?<!999)foo ++This time the first assertion looks at the preceding six characters, checking +that the first three are digits, and then the second assertion checks that the +preceding three characters are not "999". + +
+Assertions can be nested in any combination. For example, +
+ (?<=(?<!foo)bar)baz ++matches an occurrence of "baz" that is preceded by "bar" which in turn is not +preceded by "foo", while +
+ (?<=\d{3}(?!999)...)foo ++is another pattern that matches "foo" preceded by three digits and any three +characters that are not "999". + +
+It is possible to cause the matching process to obey a subpattern +conditionally or to choose between two alternative subpatterns, depending on +the result of an assertion, or whether a specific capturing subpattern has +already been matched. The two possible forms of conditional subpattern are: +
+ (?(condition)yes-pattern) + (?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern) ++If the condition is satisfied, the yes-pattern is used; otherwise the +no-pattern (if present) is used. If there are more than two alternatives in the +subpattern, a compile-time error occurs. + +
+There are four kinds of condition: references to subpatterns, references to +recursion, a pseudo-condition called DEFINE, and assertions. +
++If the text between the parentheses consists of a sequence of digits, the +condition is true if a capturing subpattern of that number has previously +matched. If there is more than one capturing subpattern with the same number +(see the earlier +section about duplicate subpattern numbers), +the condition is true if any of them have been set. An alternative notation is +to precede the digits with a plus or minus sign. In this case, the subpattern +number is relative rather than absolute. The most recently opened parentheses +can be referenced by (?(-1), the next most recent by (?(-2), and so on. In +looping constructs it can also make sense to refer to subsequent groups with +constructs such as (?(+2). +
++Consider the following pattern, which contains non-significant white space to +make it more readable (assume the PCRE_EXTENDED option) and to divide it into +three parts for ease of discussion: +
+ ( \( )? [^()]+ (?(1) \) ) ++The first part matches an optional opening parenthesis, and if that +character is present, sets it as the first captured substring. The second part +matches one or more characters that are not parentheses. The third part is a +conditional subpattern that tests whether the first set of parentheses matched +or not. If they did, that is, if subject started with an opening parenthesis, +the condition is true, and so the yes-pattern is executed and a closing +parenthesis is required. Otherwise, since no-pattern is not present, the +subpattern matches nothing. In other words, this pattern matches a sequence of +non-parentheses, optionally enclosed in parentheses. + +
+If you were embedding this pattern in a larger one, you could use a relative +reference: +
+ ...other stuff... ( \( )? [^()]+ (?(-1) \) ) ... ++This makes the fragment independent of the parentheses in the larger pattern. + +
+Perl uses the syntax (?(<name>)...) or (?('name')...) to test for a used +subpattern by name. For compatibility with earlier versions of PCRE, which had +this facility before Perl, the syntax (?(name)...) is also recognized. However, +there is a possible ambiguity with this syntax, because subpattern names may +consist entirely of digits. PCRE looks first for a named subpattern; if it +cannot find one and the name consists entirely of digits, PCRE looks for a +subpattern of that number, which must be greater than zero. Using subpattern +names that consist entirely of digits is not recommended. +
++Rewriting the above example to use a named subpattern gives this: +
+ (?<OPEN> \( )? [^()]+ (?(<OPEN>) \) ) ++If the name used in a condition of this kind is a duplicate, the test is +applied to all subpatterns of the same name, and is true if any one of them has +matched. + +
+If the condition is the string (R), and there is no subpattern with the name R, +the condition is true if a recursive call to the whole pattern or any +subpattern has been made. If digits or a name preceded by ampersand follow the +letter R, for example: +
+ (?(R3)...) or (?(R&name)...) ++the condition is true if the most recent recursion is into a subpattern whose +number or name is given. This condition does not check the entire recursion +stack. If the name used in a condition of this kind is a duplicate, the test is +applied to all subpatterns of the same name, and is true if any one of them is +the most recent recursion. + +
+At "top level", all these recursion test conditions are false. +The syntax for recursive patterns +is described below. +
++If the condition is the string (DEFINE), and there is no subpattern with the +name DEFINE, the condition is always false. In this case, there may be only one +alternative in the subpattern. It is always skipped if control reaches this +point in the pattern; the idea of DEFINE is that it can be used to define +"subroutines" that can be referenced from elsewhere. (The use of +"subroutines" +is described below.) For example, a pattern to match an IPv4 address could be +written like this (ignore whitespace and line breaks): +
+ (?(DEFINE) (?<byte> 2[0-4]\d | 25[0-5] | 1\d\d | [1-9]?\d) ) + \b (?&byte) (\.(?&byte)){3} \b ++The first part of the pattern is a DEFINE group inside which a another group +named "byte" is defined. This matches an individual component of an IPv4 +address (a number less than 256). When matching takes place, this part of the +pattern is skipped because DEFINE acts like a false condition. The rest of the +pattern uses references to the named group to match the four dot-separated +components of an IPv4 address, insisting on a word boundary at each end. + +
+If the condition is not in any of the above formats, it must be an assertion. +This may be a positive or negative lookahead or lookbehind assertion. Consider +this pattern, again containing non-significant white space, and with the two +alternatives on the second line: +
+ (?(?=[^a-z]*[a-z]) + \d{2}-[a-z]{3}-\d{2} | \d{2}-\d{2}-\d{2} ) ++The condition is a positive lookahead assertion that matches an optional +sequence of non-letters followed by a letter. In other words, it tests for the +presence of at least one letter in the subject. If a letter is found, the +subject is matched against the first alternative; otherwise it is matched +against the second. This pattern matches strings in one of the two forms +dd-aaa-dd or dd-dd-dd, where aaa are letters and dd are digits. + +
+The sequence (?# marks the start of a comment that continues up to the next +closing parenthesis. Nested parentheses are not permitted. The characters +that make up a comment play no part in the pattern matching at all. +
++If the PCRE_EXTENDED option is set, an unescaped # character outside a +character class introduces a comment that continues to immediately after the +next newline in the pattern. +
++Consider the problem of matching a string in parentheses, allowing for +unlimited nested parentheses. Without the use of recursion, the best that can +be done is to use a pattern that matches up to some fixed depth of nesting. It +is not possible to handle an arbitrary nesting depth. +
++For some time, Perl has provided a facility that allows regular expressions to +recurse (amongst other things). It does this by interpolating Perl code in the +expression at run time, and the code can refer to the expression itself. A Perl +pattern using code interpolation to solve the parentheses problem can be +created like this: +
+ $re = qr{\( (?: (?>[^()]+) | (?p{$re}) )* \)}x; ++The (?p{...}) item interpolates Perl code at run time, and in this case refers +recursively to the pattern in which it appears. + +
+Obviously, PCRE cannot support the interpolation of Perl code. Instead, it +supports special syntax for recursion of the entire pattern, and also for +individual subpattern recursion. After its introduction in PCRE and Python, +this kind of recursion was subsequently introduced into Perl at release 5.10. +
++A special item that consists of (? followed by a number greater than zero and a +closing parenthesis is a recursive call of the subpattern of the given number, +provided that it occurs inside that subpattern. (If not, it is a +"subroutine" +call, which is described in the next section.) The special item (?R) or (?0) is +a recursive call of the entire regular expression. +
++This PCRE pattern solves the nested parentheses problem (assume the +PCRE_EXTENDED option is set so that white space is ignored): +
+ \( ( [^()]++ | (?R) )* \) ++First it matches an opening parenthesis. Then it matches any number of +substrings which can either be a sequence of non-parentheses, or a recursive +match of the pattern itself (that is, a correctly parenthesized substring). +Finally there is a closing parenthesis. Note the use of a possessive quantifier +to avoid backtracking into sequences of non-parentheses. + +
+If this were part of a larger pattern, you would not want to recurse the entire +pattern, so instead you could use this: +
+ ( \( ( [^()]++ | (?1) )* \) ) ++We have put the pattern into parentheses, and caused the recursion to refer to +them instead of the whole pattern. + +
+In a larger pattern, keeping track of parenthesis numbers can be tricky. This +is made easier by the use of relative references (a Perl 5.10 feature). +Instead of (?1) in the pattern above you can write (?-2) to refer to the second +most recently opened parentheses preceding the recursion. In other words, a +negative number counts capturing parentheses leftwards from the point at which +it is encountered. +
++It is also possible to refer to subsequently opened parentheses, by writing +references such as (?+2). However, these cannot be recursive because the +reference is not inside the parentheses that are referenced. They are always +"subroutine" +calls, as described in the next section. +
++An alternative approach is to use named parentheses instead. The Perl syntax +for this is (?&name); PCRE's earlier syntax (?P>name) is also supported. We +could rewrite the above example as follows: +
+ (?<pn> \( ( [^()]++ | (?&pn) )* \) ) ++If there is more than one subpattern with the same name, the earliest one is +used. + +
+This particular example pattern that we have been looking at contains nested +unlimited repeats, and so the use of a possessive quantifier for matching +strings of non-parentheses is important when applying the pattern to strings +that do not match. For example, when this pattern is applied to +
+ (aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa() ++it yields "no match" quickly. However, if a possessive quantifier is not used, +the match runs for a very long time indeed because there are so many different +ways the + and * repeats can carve up the subject, and all have to be tested +before failure can be reported. + +
+At the end of a match, the values of capturing parentheses are those from +the outermost level. If you want to obtain intermediate values, a callout +function can be used (see below and the +pcrecallout +documentation). If the pattern above is matched against +
+ (ab(cd)ef) ++the value for the inner capturing parentheses (numbered 2) is "ef", which is +the last value taken on at the top level. If a capturing subpattern is not +matched at the top level, its final value is unset, even if it is (temporarily) +set at a deeper level. + +
+If there are more than 15 capturing parentheses in a pattern, PCRE has to +obtain extra memory to store data during a recursion, which it does by using +pcre_malloc, freeing it via pcre_free afterwards. If no memory can +be obtained, the match fails with the PCRE_ERROR_NOMEMORY error. +
++Do not confuse the (?R) item with the condition (R), which tests for recursion. +Consider this pattern, which matches text in angle brackets, allowing for +arbitrary nesting. Only digits are allowed in nested brackets (that is, when +recursing), whereas any characters are permitted at the outer level. +
+ < (?: (?(R) \d++ | [^<>]*+) | (?R)) * > ++In this pattern, (?(R) is the start of a conditional subpattern, with two +different alternatives for the recursive and non-recursive cases. The (?R) item +is the actual recursive call. + +
+In PCRE (like Python, but unlike Perl), a recursive subpattern call is always +treated as an atomic group. That is, once it has matched some of the subject +string, it is never re-entered, even if it contains untried alternatives and +there is a subsequent matching failure. This can be illustrated by the +following pattern, which purports to match a palindromic string that contains +an odd number of characters (for example, "a", "aba", "abcba", "abcdcba"): +
+ ^(.|(.)(?1)\2)$ ++The idea is that it either matches a single character, or two identical +characters surrounding a sub-palindrome. In Perl, this pattern works; in PCRE +it does not if the pattern is longer than three characters. Consider the +subject string "abcba": + +
+At the top level, the first character is matched, but as it is not at the end +of the string, the first alternative fails; the second alternative is taken +and the recursion kicks in. The recursive call to subpattern 1 successfully +matches the next character ("b"). (Note that the beginning and end of line +tests are not part of the recursion). +
++Back at the top level, the next character ("c") is compared with what +subpattern 2 matched, which was "a". This fails. Because the recursion is +treated as an atomic group, there are now no backtracking points, and so the +entire match fails. (Perl is able, at this point, to re-enter the recursion and +try the second alternative.) However, if the pattern is written with the +alternatives in the other order, things are different: +
+ ^((.)(?1)\2|.)$ ++This time, the recursing alternative is tried first, and continues to recurse +until it runs out of characters, at which point the recursion fails. But this +time we do have another alternative to try at the higher level. That is the big +difference: in the previous case the remaining alternative is at a deeper +recursion level, which PCRE cannot use. + +
+To change the pattern so that matches all palindromic strings, not just those +with an odd number of characters, it is tempting to change the pattern to this: +
+ ^((.)(?1)\2|.?)$ ++Again, this works in Perl, but not in PCRE, and for the same reason. When a +deeper recursion has matched a single character, it cannot be entered again in +order to match an empty string. The solution is to separate the two cases, and +write out the odd and even cases as alternatives at the higher level: +
+ ^(?:((.)(?1)\2|)|((.)(?3)\4|.)) ++If you want to match typical palindromic phrases, the pattern has to ignore all +non-word characters, which can be done like this: +
+ ^\W*+(?:((.)\W*+(?1)\W*+\2|)|((.)\W*+(?3)\W*+\4|\W*+.\W*+))\W*+$ ++If run with the PCRE_CASELESS option, this pattern matches phrases such as "A +man, a plan, a canal: Panama!" and it works well in both PCRE and Perl. Note +the use of the possessive quantifier *+ to avoid backtracking into sequences of +non-word characters. Without this, PCRE takes a great deal longer (ten times or +more) to match typical phrases, and Perl takes so long that you think it has +gone into a loop. + +
+WARNING: The palindrome-matching patterns above work only if the subject +string does not start with a palindrome that is shorter than the entire string. +For example, although "abcba" is correctly matched, if the subject is "ababa", +PCRE finds the palindrome "aba" at the start, then fails at top level because +the end of the string does not follow. Once again, it cannot jump back into the +recursion to try other alternatives, so the entire match fails. +
++If the syntax for a recursive subpattern reference (either by number or by +name) is used outside the parentheses to which it refers, it operates like a +subroutine in a programming language. The "called" subpattern may be defined +before or after the reference. A numbered reference can be absolute or +relative, as in these examples: +
+ (...(absolute)...)...(?2)... + (...(relative)...)...(?-1)... + (...(?+1)...(relative)... ++An earlier example pointed out that the pattern +
+ (sens|respons)e and \1ibility ++matches "sense and sensibility" and "response and responsibility", but not +"sense and responsibility". If instead the pattern +
+ (sens|respons)e and (?1)ibility ++is used, it does match "sense and responsibility" as well as the other two +strings. Another example is given in the discussion of DEFINE above. + +
+Like recursive subpatterns, a subroutine call is always treated as an atomic +group. That is, once it has matched some of the subject string, it is never +re-entered, even if it contains untried alternatives and there is a subsequent +matching failure. Any capturing parentheses that are set during the subroutine +call revert to their previous values afterwards. +
++When a subpattern is used as a subroutine, processing options such as +case-independence are fixed when the subpattern is defined. They cannot be +changed for different calls. For example, consider this pattern: +
+ (abc)(?i:(?-1)) ++It matches "abcabc". It does not match "abcABC" because the change of +processing option does not affect the called subpattern. + +
+For compatibility with Oniguruma, the non-Perl syntax \g followed by a name or +a number enclosed either in angle brackets or single quotes, is an alternative +syntax for referencing a subpattern as a subroutine, possibly recursively. Here +are two of the examples used above, rewritten using this syntax: +
+ (?<pn> \( ( (?>[^()]+) | \g<pn> )* \) ) + (sens|respons)e and \g'1'ibility ++PCRE supports an extension to Oniguruma: if a number is preceded by a +plus or a minus sign it is taken as a relative reference. For example: +
+ (abc)(?i:\g<-1>) ++Note that \g{...} (Perl syntax) and \g<...> (Oniguruma syntax) are not +synonymous. The former is a back reference; the latter is a subroutine call. + +
+Perl has a feature whereby using the sequence (?{...}) causes arbitrary Perl +code to be obeyed in the middle of matching a regular expression. This makes it +possible, amongst other things, to extract different substrings that match the +same pair of parentheses when there is a repetition. +
++PCRE provides a similar feature, but of course it cannot obey arbitrary Perl +code. The feature is called "callout". The caller of PCRE provides an external +function by putting its entry point in the global variable pcre_callout. +By default, this variable contains NULL, which disables all calling out. +
++Within a regular expression, (?C) indicates the points at which the external +function is to be called. If you want to identify different callout points, you +can put a number less than 256 after the letter C. The default value is zero. +For example, this pattern has two callout points: +
+ (?C1)abc(?C2)def ++If the PCRE_AUTO_CALLOUT flag is passed to pcre_compile(), callouts are +automatically installed before each item in the pattern. They are all numbered +255. + +
+During matching, when PCRE reaches a callout point (and pcre_callout is +set), the external function is called. It is provided with the number of the +callout, the position in the pattern, and, optionally, one item of data +originally supplied by the caller of pcre_exec(). The callout function +may cause matching to proceed, to backtrack, or to fail altogether. A complete +description of the interface to the callout function is given in the +pcrecallout +documentation. +
++Perl 5.10 introduced a number of "Special Backtracking Control Verbs", which +are described in the Perl documentation as "experimental and subject to change +or removal in a future version of Perl". It goes on to say: "Their usage in +production code should be noted to avoid problems during upgrades." The same +remarks apply to the PCRE features described in this section. +
++Since these verbs are specifically related to backtracking, most of them can be +used only when the pattern is to be matched using pcre_exec(), which uses +a backtracking algorithm. With the exception of (*FAIL), which behaves like a +failing negative assertion, they cause an error if encountered by +pcre_dfa_exec(). +
++If any of these verbs are used in an assertion or subroutine subpattern +(including recursive subpatterns), their effect is confined to that subpattern; +it does not extend to the surrounding pattern. Note that such subpatterns are +processed as anchored at the point where they are tested. +
++The new verbs make use of what was previously invalid syntax: an opening +parenthesis followed by an asterisk. In Perl, they are generally of the form +(*VERB:ARG) but PCRE does not support the use of arguments, so its general +form is just (*VERB). Any number of these verbs may occur in a pattern. There +are two kinds: +
++The following verbs act as soon as they are encountered: +
+ (*ACCEPT) ++This verb causes the match to end successfully, skipping the remainder of the +pattern. When inside a recursion, only the innermost pattern is ended +immediately. If (*ACCEPT) is inside capturing parentheses, the data so far is +captured. (This feature was added to PCRE at release 8.00.) For example: +
+ A((?:A|B(*ACCEPT)|C)D) ++This matches "AB", "AAD", or "ACD"; when it matches "AB", "B" is captured by +the outer parentheses. +
+ (*FAIL) or (*F) ++This verb causes the match to fail, forcing backtracking to occur. It is +equivalent to (?!) but easier to read. The Perl documentation notes that it is +probably useful only when combined with (?{}) or (??{}). Those are, of course, +Perl features that are not present in PCRE. The nearest equivalent is the +callout feature, as for example in this pattern: +
+ a+(?C)(*FAIL) ++A match with the string "aaaa" always fails, but the callout is taken before +each backtrack happens (in this example, 10 times). + +
+The following verbs do nothing when they are encountered. Matching continues +with what follows, but if there is no subsequent match, a failure is forced. +The verbs differ in exactly what kind of failure occurs. +
+ (*COMMIT) ++This verb causes the whole match to fail outright if the rest of the pattern +does not match. Even if the pattern is unanchored, no further attempts to find +a match by advancing the starting point take place. Once (*COMMIT) has been +passed, pcre_exec() is committed to finding a match at the current +starting point, or not at all. For example: +
+ a+(*COMMIT)b ++This matches "xxaab" but not "aacaab". It can be thought of as a kind of +dynamic anchor, or "I've started, so I must finish." +
+ (*PRUNE) ++This verb causes the match to fail at the current position if the rest of the +pattern does not match. If the pattern is unanchored, the normal "bumpalong" +advance to the next starting character then happens. Backtracking can occur as +usual to the left of (*PRUNE), or when matching to the right of (*PRUNE), but +if there is no match to the right, backtracking cannot cross (*PRUNE). +In simple cases, the use of (*PRUNE) is just an alternative to an atomic +group or possessive quantifier, but there are some uses of (*PRUNE) that cannot +be expressed in any other way. +
+ (*SKIP) ++This verb is like (*PRUNE), except that if the pattern is unanchored, the +"bumpalong" advance is not to the next character, but to the position in the +subject where (*SKIP) was encountered. (*SKIP) signifies that whatever text +was matched leading up to it cannot be part of a successful match. Consider: +
+ a+(*SKIP)b ++If the subject is "aaaac...", after the first match attempt fails (starting at +the first character in the string), the starting point skips on to start the +next attempt at "c". Note that a possessive quantifer does not have the same +effect as this example; although it would suppress backtracking during the +first match attempt, the second attempt would start at the second character +instead of skipping on to "c". +
+ (*THEN) ++This verb causes a skip to the next alternation if the rest of the pattern does +not match. That is, it cancels pending backtracking, but only within the +current alternation. Its name comes from the observation that it can be used +for a pattern-based if-then-else block: +
+ ( COND1 (*THEN) FOO | COND2 (*THEN) BAR | COND3 (*THEN) BAZ ) ... ++If the COND1 pattern matches, FOO is tried (and possibly further items after +the end of the group if FOO succeeds); on failure the matcher skips to the +second alternative and tries COND2, without backtracking into COND1. If (*THEN) +is used outside of any alternation, it acts exactly like (*PRUNE). + +
+pcreapi(3), pcrecallout(3), pcrematching(3), +pcresyntax(3), pcre(3). +
+
+Philip Hazel
+
+University Computing Service
+
+Cambridge CB2 3QH, England.
+
+
+Last updated: 18 October 2009
+
+Copyright © 1997-2009 University of Cambridge.
+
+
+Return to the PCRE index page. +
diff --git a/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcreperform.html b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcreperform.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..41d893d706 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcreperform.html @@ -0,0 +1,173 @@ + + ++Return to the PCRE index page. +
+
+This page is part of the PCRE HTML documentation. It was generated automatically
+from the original man page. If there is any nonsense in it, please consult the
+man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
+
+
+PCRE PERFORMANCE
+
+
+Two aspects of performance are discussed below: memory usage and processing +time. The way you express your pattern as a regular expression can affect both +of them. +
++Patterns are compiled by PCRE into a reasonably efficient byte code, so that +most simple patterns do not use much memory. However, there is one case where +memory usage can be unexpectedly large. When a parenthesized subpattern has a +quantifier with a minimum greater than 1 and/or a limited maximum, the whole +subpattern is repeated in the compiled code. For example, the pattern +
+ (abc|def){2,4} ++is compiled as if it were +
+ (abc|def)(abc|def)((abc|def)(abc|def)?)? ++(Technical aside: It is done this way so that backtrack points within each of +the repetitions can be independently maintained.) + +
+For regular expressions whose quantifiers use only small numbers, this is not +usually a problem. However, if the numbers are large, and particularly if such +repetitions are nested, the memory usage can become an embarrassment. For +example, the very simple pattern +
+ ((ab){1,1000}c){1,3} ++uses 51K bytes when compiled. When PCRE is compiled with its default internal +pointer size of two bytes, the size limit on a compiled pattern is 64K, and +this is reached with the above pattern if the outer repetition is increased +from 3 to 4. PCRE can be compiled to use larger internal pointers and thus +handle larger compiled patterns, but it is better to try to rewrite your +pattern to use less memory if you can. + +
+One way of reducing the memory usage for such patterns is to make use of PCRE's +"subroutine" +facility. Re-writing the above pattern as +
+ ((ab)(?2){0,999}c)(?1){0,2} ++reduces the memory requirements to 18K, and indeed it remains under 20K even +with the outer repetition increased to 100. However, this pattern is not +exactly equivalent, because the "subroutine" calls are treated as +atomic groups +into which there can be no backtracking if there is a subsequent matching +failure. Therefore, PCRE cannot do this kind of rewriting automatically. +Furthermore, there is a noticeable loss of speed when executing the modified +pattern. Nevertheless, if the atomic grouping is not a problem and the loss of +speed is acceptable, this kind of rewriting will allow you to process patterns +that PCRE cannot otherwise handle. + +
+Certain items in regular expression patterns are processed more efficiently +than others. It is more efficient to use a character class like [aeiou] than a +set of single-character alternatives such as (a|e|i|o|u). In general, the +simplest construction that provides the required behaviour is usually the most +efficient. Jeffrey Friedl's book contains a lot of useful general discussion +about optimizing regular expressions for efficient performance. This document +contains a few observations about PCRE. +
++Using Unicode character properties (the \p, \P, and \X escapes) is slow, +because PCRE has to scan a structure that contains data for over fifteen +thousand characters whenever it needs a character's property. If you can find +an alternative pattern that does not use character properties, it will probably +be faster. +
++When a pattern begins with .* not in parentheses, or in parentheses that are +not the subject of a backreference, and the PCRE_DOTALL option is set, the +pattern is implicitly anchored by PCRE, since it can match only at the start of +a subject string. However, if PCRE_DOTALL is not set, PCRE cannot make this +optimization, because the . metacharacter does not then match a newline, and if +the subject string contains newlines, the pattern may match from the character +immediately following one of them instead of from the very start. For example, +the pattern +
+ .*second ++matches the subject "first\nand second" (where \n stands for a newline +character), with the match starting at the seventh character. In order to do +this, PCRE has to retry the match starting after every newline in the subject. + +
+If you are using such a pattern with subject strings that do not contain +newlines, the best performance is obtained by setting PCRE_DOTALL, or starting +the pattern with ^.* or ^.*? to indicate explicit anchoring. That saves PCRE +from having to scan along the subject looking for a newline to restart at. +
++Beware of patterns that contain nested indefinite repeats. These can take a +long time to run when applied to a string that does not match. Consider the +pattern fragment +
+ ^(a+)* ++This can match "aaaa" in 16 different ways, and this number increases very +rapidly as the string gets longer. (The * repeat can match 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 +times, and for each of those cases other than 0 or 4, the + repeats can match +different numbers of times.) When the remainder of the pattern is such that the +entire match is going to fail, PCRE has in principle to try every possible +variation, and this can take an extremely long time, even for relatively short +strings. + +
+An optimization catches some of the more simple cases such as +
+ (a+)*b ++where a literal character follows. Before embarking on the standard matching +procedure, PCRE checks that there is a "b" later in the subject string, and if +there is not, it fails the match immediately. However, when there is no +following literal this optimization cannot be used. You can see the difference +by comparing the behaviour of +
+ (a+)*\d ++with the pattern above. The former gives a failure almost instantly when +applied to a whole line of "a" characters, whereas the latter takes an +appreciable time with strings longer than about 20 characters. + +
+In many cases, the solution to this kind of performance issue is to use an +atomic group or a possessive quantifier. +
+
+Philip Hazel
+
+University Computing Service
+
+Cambridge CB2 3QH, England.
+
+
+Last updated: 06 March 2007
+
+Copyright © 1997-2007 University of Cambridge.
+
+
+Return to the PCRE index page. +
diff --git a/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcreposix.html b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcreposix.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c4ad088afd --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcreposix.html @@ -0,0 +1,286 @@ + + ++Return to the PCRE index page. +
+
+This page is part of the PCRE HTML documentation. It was generated automatically
+from the original man page. If there is any nonsense in it, please consult the
+man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
+
+
+#include <pcreposix.h> +
++int regcomp(regex_t *preg, const char *pattern, +int cflags); +
++int regexec(regex_t *preg, const char *string, +size_t nmatch, regmatch_t pmatch[], int eflags); +
++size_t regerror(int errcode, const regex_t *preg, +char *errbuf, size_t errbuf_size); +
++void regfree(regex_t *preg); +
++This set of functions provides a POSIX-style API to the PCRE regular expression +package. See the +pcreapi +documentation for a description of PCRE's native API, which contains much +additional functionality. +
++The functions described here are just wrapper functions that ultimately call +the PCRE native API. Their prototypes are defined in the pcreposix.h +header file, and on Unix systems the library itself is called +pcreposix.a, so can be accessed by adding -lpcreposix to the +command for linking an application that uses them. Because the POSIX functions +call the native ones, it is also necessary to add -lpcre. +
++I have implemented only those POSIX option bits that can be reasonably mapped +to PCRE native options. In addition, the option REG_EXTENDED is defined with +the value zero. This has no effect, but since programs that are written to the +POSIX interface often use it, this makes it easier to slot in PCRE as a +replacement library. Other POSIX options are not even defined. +
++There are also some other options that are not defined by POSIX. These have +been added at the request of users who want to make use of certain +PCRE-specific features via the POSIX calling interface. +
++When PCRE is called via these functions, it is only the API that is POSIX-like +in style. The syntax and semantics of the regular expressions themselves are +still those of Perl, subject to the setting of various PCRE options, as +described below. "POSIX-like in style" means that the API approximates to the +POSIX definition; it is not fully POSIX-compatible, and in multi-byte encoding +domains it is probably even less compatible. +
++The header for these functions is supplied as pcreposix.h to avoid any +potential clash with other POSIX libraries. It can, of course, be renamed or +aliased as regex.h, which is the "correct" name. It provides two +structure types, regex_t for compiled internal forms, and +regmatch_t for returning captured substrings. It also defines some +constants whose names start with "REG_"; these are used for setting options and +identifying error codes. +
++
++The function regcomp() is called to compile a pattern into an +internal form. The pattern is a C string terminated by a binary zero, and +is passed in the argument pattern. The preg argument is a pointer +to a regex_t structure that is used as a base for storing information +about the compiled regular expression. +
++The argument cflags is either zero, or contains one or more of the bits +defined by the following macros: +
+ REG_DOTALL ++The PCRE_DOTALL option is set when the regular expression is passed for +compilation to the native function. Note that REG_DOTALL is not part of the +POSIX standard. +
+ REG_ICASE ++The PCRE_CASELESS option is set when the regular expression is passed for +compilation to the native function. +
+ REG_NEWLINE ++The PCRE_MULTILINE option is set when the regular expression is passed for +compilation to the native function. Note that this does not mimic the +defined POSIX behaviour for REG_NEWLINE (see the following section). +
+ REG_NOSUB ++The PCRE_NO_AUTO_CAPTURE option is set when the regular expression is passed +for compilation to the native function. In addition, when a pattern that is +compiled with this flag is passed to regexec() for matching, the +nmatch and pmatch arguments are ignored, and no captured strings +are returned. +
+ REG_UNGREEDY ++The PCRE_UNGREEDY option is set when the regular expression is passed for +compilation to the native function. Note that REG_UNGREEDY is not part of the +POSIX standard. +
+ REG_UTF8 ++The PCRE_UTF8 option is set when the regular expression is passed for +compilation to the native function. This causes the pattern itself and all data +strings used for matching it to be treated as UTF-8 strings. Note that REG_UTF8 +is not part of the POSIX standard. + +
+In the absence of these flags, no options are passed to the native function. +This means the the regex is compiled with PCRE default semantics. In +particular, the way it handles newline characters in the subject string is the +Perl way, not the POSIX way. Note that setting PCRE_MULTILINE has only +some of the effects specified for REG_NEWLINE. It does not affect the way +newlines are matched by . (they are not) or by a negative class such as [^a] +(they are). +
++The yield of regcomp() is zero on success, and non-zero otherwise. The +preg structure is filled in on success, and one member of the structure +is public: re_nsub contains the number of capturing subpatterns in +the regular expression. Various error codes are defined in the header file. +
++NOTE: If the yield of regcomp() is non-zero, you must not attempt to +use the contents of the preg structure. If, for example, you pass it to +regexec(), the result is undefined and your program is likely to crash. +
++This area is not simple, because POSIX and Perl take different views of things. +It is not possible to get PCRE to obey POSIX semantics, but then PCRE was never +intended to be a POSIX engine. The following table lists the different +possibilities for matching newline characters in PCRE: +
+ Default Change with + + . matches newline no PCRE_DOTALL + newline matches [^a] yes not changeable + $ matches \n at end yes PCRE_DOLLARENDONLY + $ matches \n in middle no PCRE_MULTILINE + ^ matches \n in middle no PCRE_MULTILINE ++This is the equivalent table for POSIX: +
+ Default Change with + + . matches newline yes REG_NEWLINE + newline matches [^a] yes REG_NEWLINE + $ matches \n at end no REG_NEWLINE + $ matches \n in middle no REG_NEWLINE + ^ matches \n in middle no REG_NEWLINE ++PCRE's behaviour is the same as Perl's, except that there is no equivalent for +PCRE_DOLLAR_ENDONLY in Perl. In both PCRE and Perl, there is no way to stop +newline from matching [^a]. + +
+The default POSIX newline handling can be obtained by setting PCRE_DOTALL and +PCRE_DOLLAR_ENDONLY, but there is no way to make PCRE behave exactly as for the +REG_NEWLINE action. +
++The function regexec() is called to match a compiled pattern preg +against a given string, which is by default terminated by a zero byte +(but see REG_STARTEND below), subject to the options in eflags. These can +be: +
+ REG_NOTBOL ++The PCRE_NOTBOL option is set when calling the underlying PCRE matching +function. +
+ REG_NOTEMPTY ++The PCRE_NOTEMPTY option is set when calling the underlying PCRE matching +function. Note that REG_NOTEMPTY is not part of the POSIX standard. However, +setting this option can give more POSIX-like behaviour in some situations. +
+ REG_NOTEOL ++The PCRE_NOTEOL option is set when calling the underlying PCRE matching +function. +
+ REG_STARTEND ++The string is considered to start at string + pmatch[0].rm_so and +to have a terminating NUL located at string + pmatch[0].rm_eo +(there need not actually be a NUL at that location), regardless of the value of +nmatch. This is a BSD extension, compatible with but not specified by +IEEE Standard 1003.2 (POSIX.2), and should be used with caution in software +intended to be portable to other systems. Note that a non-zero rm_so does +not imply REG_NOTBOL; REG_STARTEND affects only the location of the string, not +how it is matched. + +
+If the pattern was compiled with the REG_NOSUB flag, no data about any matched +strings is returned. The nmatch and pmatch arguments of +regexec() are ignored. +
++If the value of nmatch is zero, or if the value pmatch is NULL, +no data about any matched strings is returned. +
++Otherwise,the portion of the string that was matched, and also any captured +substrings, are returned via the pmatch argument, which points to an +array of nmatch structures of type regmatch_t, containing the +members rm_so and rm_eo. These contain the offset to the first +character of each substring and the offset to the first character after the end +of each substring, respectively. The 0th element of the vector relates to the +entire portion of string that was matched; subsequent elements relate to +the capturing subpatterns of the regular expression. Unused entries in the +array have both structure members set to -1. +
++A successful match yields a zero return; various error codes are defined in the +header file, of which REG_NOMATCH is the "expected" failure code. +
++The regerror() function maps a non-zero errorcode from either +regcomp() or regexec() to a printable message. If preg is not +NULL, the error should have arisen from the use of that structure. A message +terminated by a binary zero is placed in errbuf. The length of the +message, including the zero, is limited to errbuf_size. The yield of the +function is the size of buffer needed to hold the whole message. +
++Compiling a regular expression causes memory to be allocated and associated +with the preg structure. The function regfree() frees all such +memory, after which preg may no longer be used as a compiled expression. +
+
+Philip Hazel
+
+University Computing Service
+
+Cambridge CB2 3QH, England.
+
+
+Last updated: 02 September 2009
+
+Copyright © 1997-2009 University of Cambridge.
+
+
+Return to the PCRE index page. +
diff --git a/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcreprecompile.html b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcreprecompile.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..83da22673d --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcreprecompile.html @@ -0,0 +1,148 @@ + + ++Return to the PCRE index page. +
+
+This page is part of the PCRE HTML documentation. It was generated automatically
+from the original man page. If there is any nonsense in it, please consult the
+man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
+
+
+If you are running an application that uses a large number of regular +expression patterns, it may be useful to store them in a precompiled form +instead of having to compile them every time the application is run. +If you are not using any private character tables (see the +pcre_maketables() +documentation), this is relatively straightforward. If you are using private +tables, it is a little bit more complicated. +
++If you save compiled patterns to a file, you can copy them to a different host +and run them there. This works even if the new host has the opposite endianness +to the one on which the patterns were compiled. There may be a small +performance penalty, but it should be insignificant. However, compiling regular +expressions with one version of PCRE for use with a different version is not +guaranteed to work and may cause crashes. +
++The value returned by pcre_compile() points to a single block of memory +that holds the compiled pattern and associated data. You can find the length of +this block in bytes by calling pcre_fullinfo() with an argument of +PCRE_INFO_SIZE. You can then save the data in any appropriate manner. Here is +sample code that compiles a pattern and writes it to a file. It assumes that +the variable fd refers to a file that is open for output: +
+ int erroroffset, rc, size; + char *error; + pcre *re; + + re = pcre_compile("my pattern", 0, &error, &erroroffset, NULL); + if (re == NULL) { ... handle errors ... } + rc = pcre_fullinfo(re, NULL, PCRE_INFO_SIZE, &size); + if (rc < 0) { ... handle errors ... } + rc = fwrite(re, 1, size, fd); + if (rc != size) { ... handle errors ... } ++In this example, the bytes that comprise the compiled pattern are copied +exactly. Note that this is binary data that may contain any of the 256 possible +byte values. On systems that make a distinction between binary and non-binary +data, be sure that the file is opened for binary output. + +
+If you want to write more than one pattern to a file, you will have to devise a +way of separating them. For binary data, preceding each pattern with its length +is probably the most straightforward approach. Another possibility is to write +out the data in hexadecimal instead of binary, one pattern to a line. +
++Saving compiled patterns in a file is only one possible way of storing them for +later use. They could equally well be saved in a database, or in the memory of +some daemon process that passes them via sockets to the processes that want +them. +
++If the pattern has been studied, it is also possible to save the study data in +a similar way to the compiled pattern itself. When studying generates +additional information, pcre_study() returns a pointer to a +pcre_extra data block. Its format is defined in the +section on matching a pattern +in the +pcreapi +documentation. The study_data field points to the binary study data, and +this is what you must save (not the pcre_extra block itself). The length +of the study data can be obtained by calling pcre_fullinfo() with an +argument of PCRE_INFO_STUDYSIZE. Remember to check that pcre_study() did +return a non-NULL value before trying to save the study data. +
++Re-using a precompiled pattern is straightforward. Having reloaded it into main +memory, you pass its pointer to pcre_exec() or pcre_dfa_exec() in +the usual way. This should work even on another host, and even if that host has +the opposite endianness to the one where the pattern was compiled. +
++However, if you passed a pointer to custom character tables when the pattern +was compiled (the tableptr argument of pcre_compile()), you must +now pass a similar pointer to pcre_exec() or pcre_dfa_exec(), +because the value saved with the compiled pattern will obviously be nonsense. A +field in a pcre_extra() block is used to pass this data, as described in +the +section on matching a pattern +in the +pcreapi +documentation. +
++If you did not provide custom character tables when the pattern was compiled, +the pointer in the compiled pattern is NULL, which causes pcre_exec() to +use PCRE's internal tables. Thus, you do not need to take any special action at +run time in this case. +
++If you saved study data with the compiled pattern, you need to create your own +pcre_extra data block and set the study_data field to point to the +reloaded study data. You must also set the PCRE_EXTRA_STUDY_DATA bit in the +flags field to indicate that study data is present. Then pass the +pcre_extra block to pcre_exec() or pcre_dfa_exec() in the +usual way. +
++In general, it is safest to recompile all saved patterns when you update to a +new PCRE release, though not all updates actually require this. Recompiling is +definitely needed for release 7.2. +
+
+Philip Hazel
+
+University Computing Service
+
+Cambridge CB2 3QH, England.
+
+
+Last updated: 13 June 2007
+
+Copyright © 1997-2007 University of Cambridge.
+
+
+Return to the PCRE index page. +
diff --git a/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcresample.html b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcresample.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3f53de2a85 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcresample.html @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ + + ++Return to the PCRE index page. +
+
+This page is part of the PCRE HTML documentation. It was generated automatically
+from the original man page. If there is any nonsense in it, please consult the
+man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
+
+
+PCRE SAMPLE PROGRAM
+
+
+A simple, complete demonstration program, to get you started with using PCRE, +is supplied in the file pcredemo.c in the PCRE distribution. A listing of +this program is given in the +pcredemo +documentation. If you do not have a copy of the PCRE distribution, you can save +this listing to re-create pcredemo.c. +
++The program compiles the regular expression that is its first argument, and +matches it against the subject string in its second argument. No PCRE options +are set, and default character tables are used. If matching succeeds, the +program outputs the portion of the subject that matched, together with the +contents of any captured substrings. +
++If the -g option is given on the command line, the program then goes on to +check for further matches of the same regular expression in the same subject +string. The logic is a little bit tricky because of the possibility of matching +an empty string. Comments in the code explain what is going on. +
++If PCRE is installed in the standard include and library directories for your +operating system, you should be able to compile the demonstration program using +this command: +
+ gcc -o pcredemo pcredemo.c -lpcre ++If PCRE is installed elsewhere, you may need to add additional options to the +command line. For example, on a Unix-like system that has PCRE installed in +/usr/local, you can compile the demonstration program using a command +like this: +
+ gcc -o pcredemo -I/usr/local/include pcredemo.c -L/usr/local/lib -lpcre ++Once you have compiled the demonstration program, you can run simple tests like +this: +
+ ./pcredemo 'cat|dog' 'the cat sat on the mat' + ./pcredemo -g 'cat|dog' 'the dog sat on the cat' ++Note that there is a much more comprehensive test program, called +pcretest, +which supports many more facilities for testing regular expressions and the +PCRE library. The +pcredemo +program is provided as a simple coding example. + +
+When you try to run +pcredemo +when PCRE is not installed in the standard library directory, you may get an +error like this on some operating systems (e.g. Solaris): +
+ ld.so.1: a.out: fatal: libpcre.so.0: open failed: No such file or directory ++This is caused by the way shared library support works on those systems. You +need to add +
+ -R/usr/local/lib ++(for example) to the compile command to get round this problem. + +
+Philip Hazel
+
+University Computing Service
+
+Cambridge CB2 3QH, England.
+
+
+Last updated: 30 September 2009
+
+Copyright © 1997-2009 University of Cambridge.
+
+
+Return to the PCRE index page. +
diff --git a/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcrestack.html b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcrestack.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..60488280e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcrestack.html @@ -0,0 +1,172 @@ + + ++Return to the PCRE index page. +
+
+This page is part of the PCRE HTML documentation. It was generated automatically
+from the original man page. If there is any nonsense in it, please consult the
+man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
+
+
+PCRE DISCUSSION OF STACK USAGE
+
+
+When you call pcre_exec(), it makes use of an internal function called +match(). This calls itself recursively at branch points in the pattern, +in order to remember the state of the match so that it can back up and try a +different alternative if the first one fails. As matching proceeds deeper and +deeper into the tree of possibilities, the recursion depth increases. +
++Not all calls of match() increase the recursion depth; for an item such +as a* it may be called several times at the same level, after matching +different numbers of a's. Furthermore, in a number of cases where the result of +the recursive call would immediately be passed back as the result of the +current call (a "tail recursion"), the function is just restarted instead. +
++The pcre_dfa_exec() function operates in an entirely different way, and +hardly uses recursion at all. The limit on its complexity is the amount of +workspace it is given. The comments that follow do NOT apply to +pcre_dfa_exec(); they are relevant only for pcre_exec(). +
++You can set limits on the number of times that match() is called, both in +total and recursively. If the limit is exceeded, an error occurs. For details, +see the +section on extra data for pcre_exec() +in the +pcreapi +documentation. +
++Each time that match() is actually called recursively, it uses memory +from the process stack. For certain kinds of pattern and data, very large +amounts of stack may be needed, despite the recognition of "tail recursion". +You can often reduce the amount of recursion, and therefore the amount of stack +used, by modifying the pattern that is being matched. Consider, for example, +this pattern: +
+ ([^<]|<(?!inet))+ ++It matches from wherever it starts until it encounters "<inet" or the end of +the data, and is the kind of pattern that might be used when processing an XML +file. Each iteration of the outer parentheses matches either one character that +is not "<" or a "<" that is not followed by "inet". However, each time a +parenthesis is processed, a recursion occurs, so this formulation uses a stack +frame for each matched character. For a long string, a lot of stack is +required. Consider now this rewritten pattern, which matches exactly the same +strings: +
+ ([^<]++|<(?!inet))+ ++This uses very much less stack, because runs of characters that do not contain +"<" are "swallowed" in one item inside the parentheses. Recursion happens only +when a "<" character that is not followed by "inet" is encountered (and we +assume this is relatively rare). A possessive quantifier is used to stop any +backtracking into the runs of non-"<" characters, but that is not related to +stack usage. + +
+This example shows that one way of avoiding stack problems when matching long +subject strings is to write repeated parenthesized subpatterns to match more +than one character whenever possible. +
++In environments where stack memory is constrained, you might want to compile +PCRE to use heap memory instead of stack for remembering back-up points. This +makes it run a lot more slowly, however. Details of how to do this are given in +the +pcrebuild +documentation. When built in this way, instead of using the stack, PCRE obtains +and frees memory by calling the functions that are pointed to by the +pcre_stack_malloc and pcre_stack_free variables. By default, these +point to malloc() and free(), but you can replace the pointers to +cause PCRE to use your own functions. Since the block sizes are always the +same, and are always freed in reverse order, it may be possible to implement +customized memory handlers that are more efficient than the standard functions. +
++PCRE has an internal counter that can be used to limit the depth of recursion, +and thus cause pcre_exec() to give an error code before it runs out of +stack. By default, the limit is very large, and unlikely ever to operate. It +can be changed when PCRE is built, and it can also be set when +pcre_exec() is called. For details of these interfaces, see the +pcrebuild +and +pcreapi +documentation. +
++As a very rough rule of thumb, you should reckon on about 500 bytes per +recursion. Thus, if you want to limit your stack usage to 8Mb, you +should set the limit at 16000 recursions. A 64Mb stack, on the other hand, can +support around 128000 recursions. The pcretest test program has a command +line option (-S) that can be used to increase the size of its stack. +
++In Unix-like environments, there is not often a problem with the stack unless +very long strings are involved, though the default limit on stack size varies +from system to system. Values from 8Mb to 64Mb are common. You can find your +default limit by running the command: +
+ ulimit -s ++Unfortunately, the effect of running out of stack is often SIGSEGV, though +sometimes a more explicit error message is given. You can normally increase the +limit on stack size by code such as this: +
+ struct rlimit rlim; + getrlimit(RLIMIT_STACK, &rlim); + rlim.rlim_cur = 100*1024*1024; + setrlimit(RLIMIT_STACK, &rlim); ++This reads the current limits (soft and hard) using getrlimit(), then +attempts to increase the soft limit to 100Mb using setrlimit(). You must +do this before calling pcre_exec(). + +
+Using setrlimit(), as described above, should also work on Mac OS X. It +is also possible to set a stack size when linking a program. There is a +discussion about stack sizes in Mac OS X at this web site: +http://developer.apple.com/qa/qa2005/qa1419.html. +
+
+Philip Hazel
+
+University Computing Service
+
+Cambridge CB2 3QH, England.
+
+
+Last updated: 09 July 2008
+
+Copyright © 1997-2008 University of Cambridge.
+
+
+Return to the PCRE index page. +
diff --git a/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcresyntax.html b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcresyntax.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2a1a686284 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcresyntax.html @@ -0,0 +1,473 @@ + + ++Return to the PCRE index page. +
+
+This page is part of the PCRE HTML documentation. It was generated automatically
+from the original man page. If there is any nonsense in it, please consult the
+man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
+
+
+The full syntax and semantics of the regular expressions that are supported by +PCRE are described in the +pcrepattern +documentation. This document contains just a quick-reference summary of the +syntax. +
++
+ \x where x is non-alphanumeric is a literal x + \Q...\E treat enclosed characters as literal ++ +
+
+ \a alarm, that is, the BEL character (hex 07) + \cx "control-x", where x is any character + \e escape (hex 1B) + \f formfeed (hex 0C) + \n newline (hex 0A) + \r carriage return (hex 0D) + \t tab (hex 09) + \ddd character with octal code ddd, or backreference + \xhh character with hex code hh + \x{hhh..} character with hex code hhh.. ++ +
+
+ . any character except newline; + in dotall mode, any character whatsoever + \C one byte, even in UTF-8 mode (best avoided) + \d a decimal digit + \D a character that is not a decimal digit + \h a horizontal whitespace character + \H a character that is not a horizontal whitespace character + \p{xx} a character with the xx property + \P{xx} a character without the xx property + \R a newline sequence + \s a whitespace character + \S a character that is not a whitespace character + \v a vertical whitespace character + \V a character that is not a vertical whitespace character + \w a "word" character + \W a "non-word" character + \X an extended Unicode sequence ++In PCRE, \d, \D, \s, \S, \w, and \W recognize only ASCII characters. + +
+
+ C Other + Cc Control + Cf Format + Cn Unassigned + Co Private use + Cs Surrogate + + L Letter + Ll Lower case letter + Lm Modifier letter + Lo Other letter + Lt Title case letter + Lu Upper case letter + L& Ll, Lu, or Lt + + M Mark + Mc Spacing mark + Me Enclosing mark + Mn Non-spacing mark + + N Number + Nd Decimal number + Nl Letter number + No Other number + + P Punctuation + Pc Connector punctuation + Pd Dash punctuation + Pe Close punctuation + Pf Final punctuation + Pi Initial punctuation + Po Other punctuation + Ps Open punctuation + + S Symbol + Sc Currency symbol + Sk Modifier symbol + Sm Mathematical symbol + So Other symbol + + Z Separator + Zl Line separator + Zp Paragraph separator + Zs Space separator ++ +
+Arabic, +Armenian, +Balinese, +Bengali, +Bopomofo, +Braille, +Buginese, +Buhid, +Canadian_Aboriginal, +Carian, +Cham, +Cherokee, +Common, +Coptic, +Cuneiform, +Cypriot, +Cyrillic, +Deseret, +Devanagari, +Ethiopic, +Georgian, +Glagolitic, +Gothic, +Greek, +Gujarati, +Gurmukhi, +Han, +Hangul, +Hanunoo, +Hebrew, +Hiragana, +Inherited, +Kannada, +Katakana, +Kayah_Li, +Kharoshthi, +Khmer, +Lao, +Latin, +Lepcha, +Limbu, +Linear_B, +Lycian, +Lydian, +Malayalam, +Mongolian, +Myanmar, +New_Tai_Lue, +Nko, +Ogham, +Old_Italic, +Old_Persian, +Ol_Chiki, +Oriya, +Osmanya, +Phags_Pa, +Phoenician, +Rejang, +Runic, +Saurashtra, +Shavian, +Sinhala, +Sudanese, +Syloti_Nagri, +Syriac, +Tagalog, +Tagbanwa, +Tai_Le, +Tamil, +Telugu, +Thaana, +Thai, +Tibetan, +Tifinagh, +Ugaritic, +Vai, +Yi. +
++
+ [...] positive character class + [^...] negative character class + [x-y] range (can be used for hex characters) + [[:xxx:]] positive POSIX named set + [[:^xxx:]] negative POSIX named set + + alnum alphanumeric + alpha alphabetic + ascii 0-127 + blank space or tab + cntrl control character + digit decimal digit + graph printing, excluding space + lower lower case letter + print printing, including space + punct printing, excluding alphanumeric + space whitespace + upper upper case letter + word same as \w + xdigit hexadecimal digit ++In PCRE, POSIX character set names recognize only ASCII characters. You can use +\Q...\E inside a character class. + +
+
+ ? 0 or 1, greedy + ?+ 0 or 1, possessive + ?? 0 or 1, lazy + * 0 or more, greedy + *+ 0 or more, possessive + *? 0 or more, lazy + + 1 or more, greedy + ++ 1 or more, possessive + +? 1 or more, lazy + {n} exactly n + {n,m} at least n, no more than m, greedy + {n,m}+ at least n, no more than m, possessive + {n,m}? at least n, no more than m, lazy + {n,} n or more, greedy + {n,}+ n or more, possessive + {n,}? n or more, lazy ++ +
+
+ \b word boundary (only ASCII letters recognized) + \B not a word boundary + ^ start of subject + also after internal newline in multiline mode + \A start of subject + $ end of subject + also before newline at end of subject + also before internal newline in multiline mode + \Z end of subject + also before newline at end of subject + \z end of subject + \G first matching position in subject ++ +
+
+ \K reset start of match ++ +
+
+ expr|expr|expr... ++ +
+
+ (...) capturing group + (?<name>...) named capturing group (Perl) + (?'name'...) named capturing group (Perl) + (?P<name>...) named capturing group (Python) + (?:...) non-capturing group + (?|...) non-capturing group; reset group numbers for + capturing groups in each alternative ++ +
+
+ (?>...) atomic, non-capturing group ++ +
+
+ (?#....) comment (not nestable) ++ +
+
+ (?i) caseless + (?J) allow duplicate names + (?m) multiline + (?s) single line (dotall) + (?U) default ungreedy (lazy) + (?x) extended (ignore white space) + (?-...) unset option(s) ++The following is recognized only at the start of a pattern or after one of the +newline-setting options with similar syntax: +
+ (*UTF8) set UTF-8 mode ++ +
+
+ (?=...) positive look ahead + (?!...) negative look ahead + (?<=...) positive look behind + (?<!...) negative look behind ++Each top-level branch of a look behind must be of a fixed length. + +
+
+ \n reference by number (can be ambiguous) + \gn reference by number + \g{n} reference by number + \g{-n} relative reference by number + \k<name> reference by name (Perl) + \k'name' reference by name (Perl) + \g{name} reference by name (Perl) + \k{name} reference by name (.NET) + (?P=name) reference by name (Python) ++ +
+
+ (?R) recurse whole pattern + (?n) call subpattern by absolute number + (?+n) call subpattern by relative number + (?-n) call subpattern by relative number + (?&name) call subpattern by name (Perl) + (?P>name) call subpattern by name (Python) + \g<name> call subpattern by name (Oniguruma) + \g'name' call subpattern by name (Oniguruma) + \g<n> call subpattern by absolute number (Oniguruma) + \g'n' call subpattern by absolute number (Oniguruma) + \g<+n> call subpattern by relative number (PCRE extension) + \g'+n' call subpattern by relative number (PCRE extension) + \g<-n> call subpattern by relative number (PCRE extension) + \g'-n' call subpattern by relative number (PCRE extension) ++ +
+
+ (?(condition)yes-pattern) + (?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern) + + (?(n)... absolute reference condition + (?(+n)... relative reference condition + (?(-n)... relative reference condition + (?(<name>)... named reference condition (Perl) + (?('name')... named reference condition (Perl) + (?(name)... named reference condition (PCRE) + (?(R)... overall recursion condition + (?(Rn)... specific group recursion condition + (?(R&name)... specific recursion condition + (?(DEFINE)... define subpattern for reference + (?(assert)... assertion condition ++ +
+The following act immediately they are reached: +
+ (*ACCEPT) force successful match + (*FAIL) force backtrack; synonym (*F) ++The following act only when a subsequent match failure causes a backtrack to +reach them. They all force a match failure, but they differ in what happens +afterwards. Those that advance the start-of-match point do so only if the +pattern is not anchored. +
+ (*COMMIT) overall failure, no advance of starting point + (*PRUNE) advance to next starting character + (*SKIP) advance start to current matching position + (*THEN) local failure, backtrack to next alternation ++ +
+These are recognized only at the very start of the pattern or after a +(*BSR_...) or (*UTF8) option. +
+ (*CR) carriage return only + (*LF) linefeed only + (*CRLF) carriage return followed by linefeed + (*ANYCRLF) all three of the above + (*ANY) any Unicode newline sequence ++ +
+These are recognized only at the very start of the pattern or after a +(*...) option that sets the newline convention or UTF-8 mode. +
+ (*BSR_ANYCRLF) CR, LF, or CRLF + (*BSR_UNICODE) any Unicode newline sequence ++ +
+
+ (?C) callout + (?Cn) callout with data n ++ +
+pcrepattern(3), pcreapi(3), pcrecallout(3), +pcrematching(3), pcre(3). +
+
+Philip Hazel
+
+University Computing Service
+
+Cambridge CB2 3QH, England.
+
+
+Last updated: 11 April 2009
+
+Copyright © 1997-2009 University of Cambridge.
+
+
+Return to the PCRE index page. +
diff --git a/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcretest.html b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcretest.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ba1d369797 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/html/pcretest.html @@ -0,0 +1,718 @@ + + ++Return to the PCRE index page. +
+
+This page is part of the PCRE HTML documentation. It was generated automatically
+from the original man page. If there is any nonsense in it, please consult the
+man page, in case the conversion went wrong.
+
+
+pcretest [options] [source] [destination]
+
+
+pcretest was written as a test program for the PCRE regular expression
+library itself, but it can also be used for experimenting with regular
+expressions. This document describes the features of the test program; for
+details of the regular expressions themselves, see the
+pcrepattern
+documentation. For details of the PCRE library function calls and their
+options, see the
+pcreapi
+documentation.
+
+-b +Behave as if each regex has the /B (show bytecode) modifier; the internal +form is output after compilation. +
++-C +Output the version number of the PCRE library, and all available information +about the optional features that are included, and then exit. +
++-d +Behave as if each regex has the /D (debug) modifier; the internal +form and information about the compiled pattern is output after compilation; +-d is equivalent to -b -i. +
++-dfa +Behave as if each data line contains the \D escape sequence; this causes the +alternative matching function, pcre_dfa_exec(), to be used instead of the +standard pcre_exec() function (more detail is given below). +
++-help +Output a brief summary these options and then exit. +
++-i +Behave as if each regex has the /I modifier; information about the +compiled pattern is given after compilation. +
++-M +Behave as if each data line contains the \M escape sequence; this causes +PCRE to discover the minimum MATCH_LIMIT and MATCH_LIMIT_RECURSION settings by +calling pcre_exec() repeatedly with different limits. +
++-m +Output the size of each compiled pattern after it has been compiled. This is +equivalent to adding /M to each regular expression. For compatibility +with earlier versions of pcretest, -s is a synonym for -m. +
++-o osize +Set the number of elements in the output vector that is used when calling +pcre_exec() or pcre_dfa_exec() to be osize. The default value +is 45, which is enough for 14 capturing subexpressions for pcre_exec() or +22 different matches for pcre_dfa_exec(). The vector size can be +changed for individual matching calls by including \O in the data line (see +below). +
++-p +Behave as if each regex has the /P modifier; the POSIX wrapper API is +used to call PCRE. None of the other options has any effect when -p is +set. +
++-q +Do not output the version number of pcretest at the start of execution. +
++-S size +On Unix-like systems, set the size of the runtime stack to size +megabytes. +
++-t +Run each compile, study, and match many times with a timer, and output +resulting time per compile or match (in milliseconds). Do not set -m with +-t, because you will then get the size output a zillion times, and the +timing will be distorted. You can control the number of iterations that are +used for timing by following -t with a number (as a separate item on the +command line). For example, "-t 1000" would iterate 1000 times. The default is +to iterate 500000 times. +
++-tm +This is like -t except that it times only the matching phase, not the +compile or study phases. +
++If pcretest is given two filename arguments, it reads from the first and +writes to the second. If it is given only one filename argument, it reads from +that file and writes to stdout. Otherwise, it reads from stdin and writes to +stdout, and prompts for each line of input, using "re>" to prompt for regular +expressions, and "data>" to prompt for data lines. +
++When pcretest is built, a configuration option can specify that it should +be linked with the libreadline library. When this is done, if the input +is from a terminal, it is read using the readline() function. This +provides line-editing and history facilities. The output from the -help +option states whether or not readline() will be used. +
++The program handles any number of sets of input on a single input file. Each +set starts with a regular expression, and continues with any number of data +lines to be matched against the pattern. +
++Each data line is matched separately and independently. If you want to do +multi-line matches, you have to use the \n escape sequence (or \r or \r\n, +etc., depending on the newline setting) in a single line of input to encode the +newline sequences. There is no limit on the length of data lines; the input +buffer is automatically extended if it is too small. +
++An empty line signals the end of the data lines, at which point a new regular +expression is read. The regular expressions are given enclosed in any +non-alphanumeric delimiters other than backslash, for example: +
+ /(a|bc)x+yz/ ++White space before the initial delimiter is ignored. A regular expression may +be continued over several input lines, in which case the newline characters are +included within it. It is possible to include the delimiter within the pattern +by escaping it, for example +
+ /abc\/def/ ++If you do so, the escape and the delimiter form part of the pattern, but since +delimiters are always non-alphanumeric, this does not affect its interpretation. +If the terminating delimiter is immediately followed by a backslash, for +example, +
+ /abc/\ ++then a backslash is added to the end of the pattern. This is done to provide a +way of testing the error condition that arises if a pattern finishes with a +backslash, because +
+ /abc\/ ++is interpreted as the first line of a pattern that starts with "abc/", causing +pcretest to read the next line as a continuation of the regular expression. + +
+A pattern may be followed by any number of modifiers, which are mostly single +characters. Following Perl usage, these are referred to below as, for example, +"the /i modifier", even though the delimiter of the pattern need not +always be a slash, and no slash is used when writing modifiers. Whitespace may +appear between the final pattern delimiter and the first modifier, and between +the modifiers themselves. +
++The /i, /m, /s, and /x modifiers set the PCRE_CASELESS, +PCRE_MULTILINE, PCRE_DOTALL, or PCRE_EXTENDED options, respectively, when +pcre_compile() is called. These four modifier letters have the same +effect as they do in Perl. For example: +
+ /caseless/i ++The following table shows additional modifiers for setting PCRE options that do +not correspond to anything in Perl: +
+ /A PCRE_ANCHORED + /C PCRE_AUTO_CALLOUT + /E PCRE_DOLLAR_ENDONLY + /f PCRE_FIRSTLINE + /J PCRE_DUPNAMES + /N PCRE_NO_AUTO_CAPTURE + /U PCRE_UNGREEDY + /X PCRE_EXTRA + /<JS> PCRE_JAVASCRIPT_COMPAT + /<cr> PCRE_NEWLINE_CR + /<lf> PCRE_NEWLINE_LF + /<crlf> PCRE_NEWLINE_CRLF + /<anycrlf> PCRE_NEWLINE_ANYCRLF + /<any> PCRE_NEWLINE_ANY + /<bsr_anycrlf> PCRE_BSR_ANYCRLF + /<bsr_unicode> PCRE_BSR_UNICODE ++Those specifying line ending sequences are literal strings as shown, but the +letters can be in either case. This example sets multiline matching with CRLF +as the line ending sequence: +
+ /^abc/m<crlf> ++Details of the meanings of these PCRE options are given in the +pcreapi +documentation. + +
+Searching for all possible matches within each subject string can be requested +by the /g or /G modifier. After finding a match, PCRE is called +again to search the remainder of the subject string. The difference between +/g and /G is that the former uses the startoffset argument to +pcre_exec() to start searching at a new point within the entire string +(which is in effect what Perl does), whereas the latter passes over a shortened +substring. This makes a difference to the matching process if the pattern +begins with a lookbehind assertion (including \b or \B). +
++If any call to pcre_exec() in a /g or /G sequence matches an +empty string, the next call is done with the PCRE_NOTEMPTY_ATSTART and +PCRE_ANCHORED flags set in order to search for another, non-empty, match at the +same point. If this second match fails, the start offset is advanced by one +character, and the normal match is retried. This imitates the way Perl handles +such cases when using the /g modifier or the split() function. +
++There are yet more modifiers for controlling the way pcretest +operates. +
++The /+ modifier requests that as well as outputting the substring that +matched the entire pattern, pcretest should in addition output the remainder of +the subject string. This is useful for tests where the subject contains +multiple copies of the same substring. +
++The /B modifier is a debugging feature. It requests that pcretest +output a representation of the compiled byte code after compilation. Normally +this information contains length and offset values; however, if /Z is +also present, this data is replaced by spaces. This is a special feature for +use in the automatic test scripts; it ensures that the same output is generated +for different internal link sizes. +
++The /L modifier must be followed directly by the name of a locale, for +example, +
+ /pattern/Lfr_FR ++For this reason, it must be the last modifier. The given locale is set, +pcre_maketables() is called to build a set of character tables for the +locale, and this is then passed to pcre_compile() when compiling the +regular expression. Without an /L modifier, NULL is passed as the tables +pointer; that is, /L applies only to the expression on which it appears. + +
+The /I modifier requests that pcretest output information about the +compiled pattern (whether it is anchored, has a fixed first character, and +so on). It does this by calling pcre_fullinfo() after compiling a +pattern. If the pattern is studied, the results of that are also output. +
++The /D modifier is a PCRE debugging feature, and is equivalent to +/BI, that is, both the /B and the /I modifiers. +
++The /F modifier causes pcretest to flip the byte order of the +fields in the compiled pattern that contain 2-byte and 4-byte numbers. This +facility is for testing the feature in PCRE that allows it to execute patterns +that were compiled on a host with a different endianness. This feature is not +available when the POSIX interface to PCRE is being used, that is, when the +/P pattern modifier is specified. See also the section about saving and +reloading compiled patterns below. +
++The /S modifier causes pcre_study() to be called after the +expression has been compiled, and the results used when the expression is +matched. +
++The /M modifier causes the size of memory block used to hold the compiled +pattern to be output. +
++The /P modifier causes pcretest to call PCRE via the POSIX wrapper +API rather than its native API. When this is done, all other modifiers except +/i, /m, and /+ are ignored. REG_ICASE is set if /i is +present, and REG_NEWLINE is set if /m is present. The wrapper functions +force PCRE_DOLLAR_ENDONLY always, and PCRE_DOTALL unless REG_NEWLINE is set. +
++The /8 modifier causes pcretest to call PCRE with the PCRE_UTF8 +option set. This turns on support for UTF-8 character handling in PCRE, +provided that it was compiled with this support enabled. This modifier also +causes any non-printing characters in output strings to be printed using the +\x{hh...} notation if they are valid UTF-8 sequences. +
++If the /? modifier is used with /8, it causes pcretest to +call pcre_compile() with the PCRE_NO_UTF8_CHECK option, to suppress the +checking of the string for UTF-8 validity. +
++Before each data line is passed to pcre_exec(), leading and trailing +whitespace is removed, and it is then scanned for \ escapes. Some of these are +pretty esoteric features, intended for checking out some of the more +complicated features of PCRE. If you are just testing "ordinary" regular +expressions, you probably don't need any of these. The following escapes are +recognized: +
+ \a alarm (BEL, \x07) + \b backspace (\x08) + \e escape (\x27) + \f formfeed (\x0c) + \n newline (\x0a) + \qdd set the PCRE_MATCH_LIMIT limit to dd (any number of digits) + \r carriage return (\x0d) + \t tab (\x09) + \v vertical tab (\x0b) + \nnn octal character (up to 3 octal digits) + \xhh hexadecimal character (up to 2 hex digits) + \x{hh...} hexadecimal character, any number of digits in UTF-8 mode + \A pass the PCRE_ANCHORED option to pcre_exec() or pcre_dfa_exec() + \B pass the PCRE_NOTBOL option to pcre_exec() or pcre_dfa_exec() + \Cdd call pcre_copy_substring() for substring dd after a successful match (number less than 32) + \Cname call pcre_copy_named_substring() for substring "name" after a successful match (name termin- + ated by next non alphanumeric character) + \C+ show the current captured substrings at callout time + \C- do not supply a callout function + \C!n return 1 instead of 0 when callout number n is reached + \C!n!m return 1 instead of 0 when callout number n is reached for the nth time + \C*n pass the number n (may be negative) as callout data; this is used as the callout return value + \D use the pcre_dfa_exec() match function + \F only shortest match for pcre_dfa_exec() + \Gdd call pcre_get_substring() for substring dd after a successful match (number less than 32) + \Gname call pcre_get_named_substring() for substring "name" after a successful match (name termin- + ated by next non-alphanumeric character) + \L call pcre_get_substringlist() after a successful match + \M discover the minimum MATCH_LIMIT and MATCH_LIMIT_RECURSION settings + \N pass the PCRE_NOTEMPTY option to pcre_exec() or pcre_dfa_exec(); if used twice, pass the + PCRE_NOTEMPTY_ATSTART option + \Odd set the size of the output vector passed to pcre_exec() to dd (any number of digits) + \P pass the PCRE_PARTIAL_SOFT option to pcre_exec() or pcre_dfa_exec(); if used twice, pass the + PCRE_PARTIAL_HARD option + \Qdd set the PCRE_MATCH_LIMIT_RECURSION limit to dd (any number of digits) + \R pass the PCRE_DFA_RESTART option to pcre_dfa_exec() + \S output details of memory get/free calls during matching + \Y pass the PCRE_NO_START_OPTIMIZE option to pcre_exec() or pcre_dfa_exec() + \Z pass the PCRE_NOTEOL option to pcre_exec() or pcre_dfa_exec() + \? pass the PCRE_NO_UTF8_CHECK option to pcre_exec() or pcre_dfa_exec() + \>dd start the match at offset dd (any number of digits); + this sets the startoffset argument for pcre_exec() or pcre_dfa_exec() + \<cr> pass the PCRE_NEWLINE_CR option to pcre_exec() or pcre_dfa_exec() + \<lf> pass the PCRE_NEWLINE_LF option to pcre_exec() or pcre_dfa_exec() + \<crlf> pass the PCRE_NEWLINE_CRLF option to pcre_exec() or pcre_dfa_exec() + \<anycrlf> pass the PCRE_NEWLINE_ANYCRLF option to pcre_exec() or pcre_dfa_exec() + \<any> pass the PCRE_NEWLINE_ANY option to pcre_exec() or pcre_dfa_exec() ++The escapes that specify line ending sequences are literal strings, exactly as +shown. No more than one newline setting should be present in any data line. + +
+A backslash followed by anything else just escapes the anything else. If +the very last character is a backslash, it is ignored. This gives a way of +passing an empty line as data, since a real empty line terminates the data +input. +
++If \M is present, pcretest calls pcre_exec() several times, with +different values in the match_limit and match_limit_recursion +fields of the pcre_extra data structure, until it finds the minimum +numbers for each parameter that allow pcre_exec() to complete. The +match_limit number is a measure of the amount of backtracking that takes +place, and checking it out can be instructive. For most simple matches, the +number is quite small, but for patterns with very large numbers of matching +possibilities, it can become large very quickly with increasing length of +subject string. The match_limit_recursion number is a measure of how much +stack (or, if PCRE is compiled with NO_RECURSE, how much heap) memory is needed +to complete the match attempt. +
++When \O is used, the value specified may be higher or lower than the size set +by the -O command line option (or defaulted to 45); \O applies only to +the call of pcre_exec() for the line in which it appears. +
++If the /P modifier was present on the pattern, causing the POSIX wrapper +API to be used, the only option-setting sequences that have any effect are \B +and \Z, causing REG_NOTBOL and REG_NOTEOL, respectively, to be passed to +regexec(). +
++The use of \x{hh...} to represent UTF-8 characters is not dependent on the use +of the /8 modifier on the pattern. It is recognized always. There may be +any number of hexadecimal digits inside the braces. The result is from one to +six bytes, encoded according to the original UTF-8 rules of RFC 2279. This +allows for values in the range 0 to 0x7FFFFFFF. Note that not all of those are +valid Unicode code points, or indeed valid UTF-8 characters according to the +later rules in RFC 3629. +
++By default, pcretest uses the standard PCRE matching function, +pcre_exec() to match each data line. From release 6.0, PCRE supports an +alternative matching function, pcre_dfa_test(), which operates in a +different way, and has some restrictions. The differences between the two +functions are described in the +pcrematching +documentation. +
++If a data line contains the \D escape sequence, or if the command line +contains the -dfa option, the alternative matching function is called. +This function finds all possible matches at a given point. If, however, the \F +escape sequence is present in the data line, it stops after the first match is +found. This is always the shortest possible match. +
++This section describes the output when the normal matching function, +pcre_exec(), is being used. +
++When a match succeeds, pcretest outputs the list of captured substrings that +pcre_exec() returns, starting with number 0 for the string that matched +the whole pattern. Otherwise, it outputs "No match" when the return is +PCRE_ERROR_NOMATCH, and "Partial match:" followed by the partially matching +substring when pcre_exec() returns PCRE_ERROR_PARTIAL. For any other +returns, it outputs the PCRE negative error number. Here is an example of an +interactive pcretest run. +
+ $ pcretest + PCRE version 7.0 30-Nov-2006 + + re> /^abc(\d+)/ + data> abc123 + 0: abc123 + 1: 123 + data> xyz + No match ++Note that unset capturing substrings that are not followed by one that is set +are not returned by pcre_exec(), and are not shown by pcretest. In +the following example, there are two capturing substrings, but when the first +data line is matched, the second, unset substring is not shown. An "internal" +unset substring is shown as "<unset>", as for the second data line. +
+ re> /(a)|(b)/ + data> a + 0: a + 1: a + data> b + 0: b + 1: <unset> + 2: b ++If the strings contain any non-printing characters, they are output as \0x +escapes, or as \x{...} escapes if the /8 modifier was present on the +pattern. See below for the definition of non-printing characters. If the +pattern has the /+ modifier, the output for substring 0 is followed by +the the rest of the subject string, identified by "0+" like this: +
+ re> /cat/+ + data> cataract + 0: cat + 0+ aract ++If the pattern has the /g or /G modifier, the results of successive +matching attempts are output in sequence, like this: +
+ re> /\Bi(\w\w)/g + data> Mississippi + 0: iss + 1: ss + 0: iss + 1: ss + 0: ipp + 1: pp ++"No match" is output only if the first match attempt fails. + +
+If any of the sequences \C, \G, or \L are present in a +data line that is successfully matched, the substrings extracted by the +convenience functions are output with C, G, or L after the string number +instead of a colon. This is in addition to the normal full list. The string +length (that is, the return from the extraction function) is given in +parentheses after each string for \C and \G. +
++Note that whereas patterns can be continued over several lines (a plain ">" +prompt is used for continuations), data lines may not. However newlines can be +included in data by means of the \n escape (or \r, \r\n, etc., depending on +the newline sequence setting). +
++When the alternative matching function, pcre_dfa_exec(), is used (by +means of the \D escape sequence or the -dfa command line option), the +output consists of a list of all the matches that start at the first point in +the subject where there is at least one match. For example: +
+ re> /(tang|tangerine|tan)/ + data> yellow tangerine\D + 0: tangerine + 1: tang + 2: tan ++(Using the normal matching function on this data finds only "tang".) The +longest matching string is always given first (and numbered zero). After a +PCRE_ERROR_PARTIAL return, the output is "Partial match:", followed by the +partially matching substring. + +
+If /g is present on the pattern, the search for further matches resumes +at the end of the longest match. For example: +
+ re> /(tang|tangerine|tan)/g + data> yellow tangerine and tangy sultana\D + 0: tangerine + 1: tang + 2: tan + 0: tang + 1: tan + 0: tan ++Since the matching function does not support substring capture, the escape +sequences that are concerned with captured substrings are not relevant. + +
+When the alternative matching function has given the PCRE_ERROR_PARTIAL return, +indicating that the subject partially matched the pattern, you can restart the +match with additional subject data by means of the \R escape sequence. For +example: +
+ re> /^\d?\d(jan|feb|mar|apr|may|jun|jul|aug|sep|oct|nov|dec)\d\d$/ + data> 23ja\P\D + Partial match: 23ja + data> n05\R\D + 0: n05 ++For further information about partial matching, see the +pcrepartial +documentation. + +
+If the pattern contains any callout requests, pcretest's callout function +is called during matching. This works with both matching functions. By default, +the called function displays the callout number, the start and current +positions in the text at the callout time, and the next pattern item to be +tested. For example, the output +
+ --->pqrabcdef + 0 ^ ^ \d ++indicates that callout number 0 occurred for a match attempt starting at the +fourth character of the subject string, when the pointer was at the seventh +character of the data, and when the next pattern item was \d. Just one +circumflex is output if the start and current positions are the same. + +
+Callouts numbered 255 are assumed to be automatic callouts, inserted as a +result of the /C pattern modifier. In this case, instead of showing the +callout number, the offset in the pattern, preceded by a plus, is output. For +example: +
+ re> /\d?[A-E]\*/C + data> E* + --->E* + +0 ^ \d? + +3 ^ [A-E] + +8 ^^ \* + +10 ^ ^ + 0: E* ++The callout function in pcretest returns zero (carry on matching) by +default, but you can use a \C item in a data line (as described above) to +change this. + +
+Inserting callouts can be helpful when using pcretest to check +complicated regular expressions. For further information about callouts, see +the +pcrecallout +documentation. +
++When pcretest is outputting text in the compiled version of a pattern, +bytes other than 32-126 are always treated as non-printing characters are are +therefore shown as hex escapes. +
++When pcretest is outputting text that is a matched part of a subject +string, it behaves in the same way, unless a different locale has been set for +the pattern (using the /L modifier). In this case, the isprint() +function to distinguish printing and non-printing characters. +
++The facilities described in this section are not available when the POSIX +inteface to PCRE is being used, that is, when the /P pattern modifier is +specified. +
++When the POSIX interface is not in use, you can cause pcretest to write a +compiled pattern to a file, by following the modifiers with > and a file name. +For example: +
+ /pattern/im >/some/file ++See the +pcreprecompile +documentation for a discussion about saving and re-using compiled patterns. + +
+The data that is written is binary. The first eight bytes are the length of the +compiled pattern data followed by the length of the optional study data, each +written as four bytes in big-endian order (most significant byte first). If +there is no study data (either the pattern was not studied, or studying did not +return any data), the second length is zero. The lengths are followed by an +exact copy of the compiled pattern. If there is additional study data, this +follows immediately after the compiled pattern. After writing the file, +pcretest expects to read a new pattern. +
++A saved pattern can be reloaded into pcretest by specifing < and a file +name instead of a pattern. The name of the file must not contain a < character, +as otherwise pcretest will interpret the line as a pattern delimited by < +characters. +For example: +
+ re> </some/file + Compiled regex loaded from /some/file + No study data ++When the pattern has been loaded, pcretest proceeds to read data lines in +the usual way. + +
+You can copy a file written by pcretest to a different host and reload it +there, even if the new host has opposite endianness to the one on which the +pattern was compiled. For example, you can compile on an i86 machine and run on +a SPARC machine. +
++File names for saving and reloading can be absolute or relative, but note that +the shell facility of expanding a file name that starts with a tilde (~) is not +available. +
++The ability to save and reload files in pcretest is intended for testing +and experimentation. It is not intended for production use because only a +single pattern can be written to a file. Furthermore, there is no facility for +supplying custom character tables for use with a reloaded pattern. If the +original pattern was compiled with custom tables, an attempt to match a subject +string using a reloaded pattern is likely to cause pcretest to crash. +Finally, if you attempt to load a file that is not in the correct format, the +result is undefined. +
++pcre(3), pcreapi(3), pcrecallout(3), pcrematching(3), +pcrepartial(d), pcrepattern(3), pcreprecompile(3). +
+
+Philip Hazel
+
+University Computing Service
+
+Cambridge CB2 3QH, England.
+
+
+Last updated: 26 September 2009
+
+Copyright © 1997-2009 University of Cambridge.
+
+
+Return to the PCRE index page. +
diff --git a/lib/win32/pcre/doc/index.html.src b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/index.html.src new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..58dfe450c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/win32/pcre/doc/index.html.src @@ -0,0 +1,143 @@ + + + ++The HTML documentation for PCRE comprises the following pages: +
+ +pcre | +Introductory page |
pcre-config | +Information about the installation configuration |
pcreapi | +PCRE's native API |
pcrebuild | +Options for building PCRE |
pcrecallout | +The callout facility |
pcrecompat | +Compability with Perl |
pcrecpp | +The C++ wrapper for the PCRE library |
pcredemo | +A demonstration C program that uses the PCRE library |
pcregrep | +The pcregrep command |
pcrematching | +Discussion of the two matching algorithms |
pcrepartial | +Using PCRE for partial matching |
pcrepattern | +Specification of the regular expressions supported by PCRE |
pcreperform | +Some comments on performance |
pcreposix | +The POSIX API to the PCRE library |
pcreprecompile | +How to save and re-use compiled patterns |
pcresample | +Discussion of the pcredemo program |
pcrestack | +Discussion of PCRE's stack usage |
pcresyntax | +Syntax quick-reference summary |
pcretest | +The pcretest command for testing PCRE |
+There are also individual pages that summarize the interface for each function +in the library: +
+ +pcre_compile | +Compile a regular expression |
pcre_compile2 | +Compile a regular expression (alternate interface) |
pcre_config | +Show build-time configuration options |
pcre_copy_named_substring | +Extract named substring into given buffer |
pcre_copy_substring | +Extract numbered substring into given buffer |
pcre_dfa_exec | +Match a compiled pattern to a subject string + (DFA algorithm; not Perl compatible) |
pcre_exec | +Match a compiled pattern to a subject string + (Perl compatible) |
pcre_free_substring | +Free extracted substring |
pcre_free_substring_list | +Free list of extracted substrings |
pcre_fullinfo | +Extract information about a pattern |
pcre_get_named_substring | +Extract named substring into new memory |
pcre_get_stringnumber | +Convert captured string name to number |
pcre_get_substring | +Extract numbered substring into new memory |
pcre_get_substring_list | +Extract all substrings into new memory |
pcre_info | +Obsolete information extraction function |
pcre_maketables | +Build character tables in current locale |
pcre_refcount | +Maintain reference count in compiled pattern |
pcre_study | +Study a compiled pattern |
pcre_version | +Return PCRE version and release date |