/*
 * urcu-mb.c
 *
 * Userspace RCU library with explicit memory barriers
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2009 Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
 * Copyright (c) 2009 Paul E. McKenney, IBM Corporation.
 * Copyright 2015 Red Hat, Inc.
 *
 * Ported to QEMU by Paolo Bonzini  <pbonzini@redhat.com>
 *
 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
 *
 * IBM's contributions to this file may be relicensed under LGPLv2 or later.
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include "qemu/rcu.h"
#include "qemu/atomic.h"

/*
 * Global grace period counter.  Bit 0 is always one in rcu_gp_ctr.
 * Bits 1 and above are defined in synchronize_rcu.
 */
#define RCU_GP_LOCKED           (1UL << 0)
#define RCU_GP_CTR              (1UL << 1)

unsigned long rcu_gp_ctr = RCU_GP_LOCKED;

QemuEvent rcu_gp_event;
static QemuMutex rcu_gp_lock;

/*
 * Check whether a quiescent state was crossed between the beginning of
 * update_counter_and_wait and now.
 */
static inline int rcu_gp_ongoing(unsigned long *ctr)
{
    unsigned long v;

    v = atomic_read(ctr);
    return v && (v != rcu_gp_ctr);
}

/* Written to only by each individual reader. Read by both the reader and the
 * writers.
 */
__thread struct rcu_reader_data rcu_reader;

/* Protected by rcu_gp_lock.  */
typedef QLIST_HEAD(, rcu_reader_data) ThreadList;
static ThreadList registry = QLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(registry);

/* Wait for previous parity/grace period to be empty of readers.  */
static void wait_for_readers(void)
{
    ThreadList qsreaders = QLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qsreaders);
    struct rcu_reader_data *index, *tmp;

    for (;;) {
        /* We want to be notified of changes made to rcu_gp_ongoing
         * while we walk the list.
         */
        qemu_event_reset(&rcu_gp_event);

        /* Instead of using atomic_mb_set for index->waiting, and
         * atomic_mb_read for index->ctr, memory barriers are placed
         * manually since writes to different threads are independent.
         * atomic_mb_set has a smp_wmb before...
         */
        smp_wmb();
        QLIST_FOREACH(index, &registry, node) {
            atomic_set(&index->waiting, true);
        }

        /* ... and a smp_mb after.  */
        smp_mb();

        QLIST_FOREACH_SAFE(index, &registry, node, tmp) {
            if (!rcu_gp_ongoing(&index->ctr)) {
                QLIST_REMOVE(index, node);
                QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&qsreaders, index, node);

                /* No need for mb_set here, worst of all we
                 * get some extra futex wakeups.
                 */
                atomic_set(&index->waiting, false);
            }
        }

        /* atomic_mb_read has smp_rmb after.  */
        smp_rmb();

        if (QLIST_EMPTY(&registry)) {
            break;
        }

        /* Wait for one thread to report a quiescent state and
         * try again.
         */
        qemu_event_wait(&rcu_gp_event);
    }

    /* put back the reader list in the registry */
    QLIST_SWAP(&registry, &qsreaders, node);
}

void synchronize_rcu(void)
{
    qemu_mutex_lock(&rcu_gp_lock);

    if (!QLIST_EMPTY(&registry)) {
        /* In either case, the atomic_mb_set below blocks stores that free
         * old RCU-protected pointers.
         */
        if (sizeof(rcu_gp_ctr) < 8) {
            /* For architectures with 32-bit longs, a two-subphases algorithm
             * ensures we do not encounter overflow bugs.
             *
             * Switch parity: 0 -> 1, 1 -> 0.
             */
            atomic_mb_set(&rcu_gp_ctr, rcu_gp_ctr ^ RCU_GP_CTR);
            wait_for_readers();
            atomic_mb_set(&rcu_gp_ctr, rcu_gp_ctr ^ RCU_GP_CTR);
        } else {
            /* Increment current grace period.  */
            atomic_mb_set(&rcu_gp_ctr, rcu_gp_ctr + RCU_GP_CTR);
        }

        wait_for_readers();
    }

    qemu_mutex_unlock(&rcu_gp_lock);
}

void rcu_register_thread(void)
{
    assert(rcu_reader.ctr == 0);
    qemu_mutex_lock(&rcu_gp_lock);
    QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&registry, &rcu_reader, node);
    qemu_mutex_unlock(&rcu_gp_lock);
}

void rcu_unregister_thread(void)
{
    qemu_mutex_lock(&rcu_gp_lock);
    QLIST_REMOVE(&rcu_reader, node);
    qemu_mutex_unlock(&rcu_gp_lock);
}

static void __attribute__((__constructor__)) rcu_init(void)
{
    qemu_mutex_init(&rcu_gp_lock);
    qemu_event_init(&rcu_gp_event, true);
    rcu_register_thread();
}