/* * Block driver for the VMDK format * * Copyright (c) 2004 Fabrice Bellard * Copyright (c) 2005 Filip Navara * * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: * * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in * all copies or substantial portions of the Software. * * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN * THE SOFTWARE. */ #include "qemu-common.h" #include "block_int.h" #include "module.h" #include "zlib.h" #define VMDK3_MAGIC (('C' << 24) | ('O' << 16) | ('W' << 8) | 'D') #define VMDK4_MAGIC (('K' << 24) | ('D' << 16) | ('M' << 8) | 'V') #define VMDK4_COMPRESSION_DEFLATE 1 #define VMDK4_FLAG_RGD (1 << 1) #define VMDK4_FLAG_COMPRESS (1 << 16) #define VMDK4_FLAG_MARKER (1 << 17) typedef struct { uint32_t version; uint32_t flags; uint32_t disk_sectors; uint32_t granularity; uint32_t l1dir_offset; uint32_t l1dir_size; uint32_t file_sectors; uint32_t cylinders; uint32_t heads; uint32_t sectors_per_track; } VMDK3Header; typedef struct { uint32_t version; uint32_t flags; int64_t capacity; int64_t granularity; int64_t desc_offset; int64_t desc_size; int32_t num_gtes_per_gte; int64_t gd_offset; int64_t rgd_offset; int64_t grain_offset; char filler[1]; char check_bytes[4]; uint16_t compressAlgorithm; } QEMU_PACKED VMDK4Header; #define L2_CACHE_SIZE 16 typedef struct VmdkExtent { BlockDriverState *file; bool flat; bool compressed; bool has_marker; int64_t sectors; int64_t end_sector; int64_t flat_start_offset; int64_t l1_table_offset; int64_t l1_backup_table_offset; uint32_t *l1_table; uint32_t *l1_backup_table; unsigned int l1_size; uint32_t l1_entry_sectors; unsigned int l2_size; uint32_t *l2_cache; uint32_t l2_cache_offsets[L2_CACHE_SIZE]; uint32_t l2_cache_counts[L2_CACHE_SIZE]; unsigned int cluster_sectors; } VmdkExtent; typedef struct BDRVVmdkState { int desc_offset; bool cid_updated; uint32_t parent_cid; int num_extents; /* Extent array with num_extents entries, ascend ordered by address */ VmdkExtent *extents; } BDRVVmdkState; typedef struct VmdkMetaData { uint32_t offset; unsigned int l1_index; unsigned int l2_index; unsigned int l2_offset; int valid; } VmdkMetaData; typedef struct VmdkGrainMarker { uint64_t lba; uint32_t size; uint8_t data[0]; } VmdkGrainMarker; static int vmdk_probe(const uint8_t *buf, int buf_size, const char *filename) { uint32_t magic; if (buf_size < 4) { return 0; } magic = be32_to_cpu(*(uint32_t *)buf); if (magic == VMDK3_MAGIC || magic == VMDK4_MAGIC) { return 100; } else { const char *p = (const char *)buf; const char *end = p + buf_size; while (p < end) { if (*p == '#') { /* skip comment line */ while (p < end && *p != '\n') { p++; } p++; continue; } if (*p == ' ') { while (p < end && *p == ' ') { p++; } /* skip '\r' if windows line endings used. */ if (p < end && *p == '\r') { p++; } /* only accept blank lines before 'version=' line */ if (p == end || *p != '\n') { return 0; } p++; continue; } if (end - p >= strlen("version=X\n")) { if (strncmp("version=1\n", p, strlen("version=1\n")) == 0 || strncmp("version=2\n", p, strlen("version=2\n")) == 0) { return 100; } } if (end - p >= strlen("version=X\r\n")) { if (strncmp("version=1\r\n", p, strlen("version=1\r\n")) == 0 || strncmp("version=2\r\n", p, strlen("version=2\r\n")) == 0) { return 100; } } return 0; } return 0; } } #define CHECK_CID 1 #define SECTOR_SIZE 512 #define DESC_SIZE (20 * SECTOR_SIZE) /* 20 sectors of 512 bytes each */ #define BUF_SIZE 4096 #define HEADER_SIZE 512 /* first sector of 512 bytes */ static void vmdk_free_extents(BlockDriverState *bs) { int i; BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque; VmdkExtent *e; for (i = 0; i < s->num_extents; i++) { e = &s->extents[i]; g_free(e->l1_table); g_free(e->l2_cache); g_free(e->l1_backup_table); if (e->file != bs->file) { bdrv_delete(e->file); } } g_free(s->extents); } static void vmdk_free_last_extent(BlockDriverState *bs) { BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque; if (s->num_extents == 0) { return; } s->num_extents--; s->extents = g_realloc(s->extents, s->num_extents * sizeof(VmdkExtent)); } static uint32_t vmdk_read_cid(BlockDriverState *bs, int parent) { char desc[DESC_SIZE]; uint32_t cid; const char *p_name, *cid_str; size_t cid_str_size; BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque; if (bdrv_pread(bs->file, s->desc_offset, desc, DESC_SIZE) != DESC_SIZE) { return 0; } if (parent) { cid_str = "parentCID"; cid_str_size = sizeof("parentCID"); } else { cid_str = "CID"; cid_str_size = sizeof("CID"); } p_name = strstr(desc, cid_str); if (p_name != NULL) { p_name += cid_str_size; sscanf(p_name, "%x", &cid); } return cid; } static int vmdk_write_cid(BlockDriverState *bs, uint32_t cid) { char desc[DESC_SIZE], tmp_desc[DESC_SIZE]; char *p_name, *tmp_str; BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque; memset(desc, 0, sizeof(desc)); if (bdrv_pread(bs->file, s->desc_offset, desc, DESC_SIZE) != DESC_SIZE) { return -EIO; } tmp_str = strstr(desc, "parentCID"); pstrcpy(tmp_desc, sizeof(tmp_desc), tmp_str); p_name = strstr(desc, "CID"); if (p_name != NULL) { p_name += sizeof("CID"); snprintf(p_name, sizeof(desc) - (p_name - desc), "%x\n", cid); pstrcat(desc, sizeof(desc), tmp_desc); } if (bdrv_pwrite_sync(bs->file, s->desc_offset, desc, DESC_SIZE) < 0) { return -EIO; } return 0; } static int vmdk_is_cid_valid(BlockDriverState *bs) { #ifdef CHECK_CID BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque; BlockDriverState *p_bs = bs->backing_hd; uint32_t cur_pcid; if (p_bs) { cur_pcid = vmdk_read_cid(p_bs, 0); if (s->parent_cid != cur_pcid) { /* CID not valid */ return 0; } } #endif /* CID valid */ return 1; } static int vmdk_parent_open(BlockDriverState *bs) { char *p_name; char desc[DESC_SIZE + 1]; BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque; int ret; desc[DESC_SIZE] = '\0'; ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, s->desc_offset, desc, DESC_SIZE); if (ret < 0) { return ret; } p_name = strstr(desc, "parentFileNameHint"); if (p_name != NULL) { char *end_name; p_name += sizeof("parentFileNameHint") + 1; end_name = strchr(p_name, '\"'); if (end_name == NULL) { return -EINVAL; } if ((end_name - p_name) > sizeof(bs->backing_file) - 1) { return -EINVAL; } pstrcpy(bs->backing_file, end_name - p_name + 1, p_name); } return 0; } /* Create and append extent to the extent array. Return the added VmdkExtent * address. return NULL if allocation failed. */ static VmdkExtent *vmdk_add_extent(BlockDriverState *bs, BlockDriverState *file, bool flat, int64_t sectors, int64_t l1_offset, int64_t l1_backup_offset, uint32_t l1_size, int l2_size, unsigned int cluster_sectors) { VmdkExtent *extent; BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque; s->extents = g_realloc(s->extents, (s->num_extents + 1) * sizeof(VmdkExtent)); extent = &s->extents[s->num_extents]; s->num_extents++; memset(extent, 0, sizeof(VmdkExtent)); extent->file = file; extent->flat = flat; extent->sectors = sectors; extent->l1_table_offset = l1_offset; extent->l1_backup_table_offset = l1_backup_offset; extent->l1_size = l1_size; extent->l1_entry_sectors = l2_size * cluster_sectors; extent->l2_size = l2_size; extent->cluster_sectors = cluster_sectors; if (s->num_extents > 1) { extent->end_sector = (*(extent - 1)).end_sector + extent->sectors; } else { extent->end_sector = extent->sectors; } bs->total_sectors = extent->end_sector; return extent; } static int vmdk_init_tables(BlockDriverState *bs, VmdkExtent *extent) { int ret; int l1_size, i; /* read the L1 table */ l1_size = extent->l1_size * sizeof(uint32_t); extent->l1_table = g_malloc(l1_size); ret = bdrv_pread(extent->file, extent->l1_table_offset, extent->l1_table, l1_size); if (ret < 0) { goto fail_l1; } for (i = 0; i < extent->l1_size; i++) { le32_to_cpus(&extent->l1_table[i]); } if (extent->l1_backup_table_offset) { extent->l1_backup_table = g_malloc(l1_size); ret = bdrv_pread(extent->file, extent->l1_backup_table_offset, extent->l1_backup_table, l1_size); if (ret < 0) { goto fail_l1b; } for (i = 0; i < extent->l1_size; i++) { le32_to_cpus(&extent->l1_backup_table[i]); } } extent->l2_cache = g_malloc(extent->l2_size * L2_CACHE_SIZE * sizeof(uint32_t)); return 0; fail_l1b: g_free(extent->l1_backup_table); fail_l1: g_free(extent->l1_table); return ret; } static int vmdk_open_vmdk3(BlockDriverState *bs, BlockDriverState *file, int flags) { int ret; uint32_t magic; VMDK3Header header; VmdkExtent *extent; ret = bdrv_pread(file, sizeof(magic), &header, sizeof(header)); if (ret < 0) { return ret; } extent = vmdk_add_extent(bs, bs->file, false, le32_to_cpu(header.disk_sectors), le32_to_cpu(header.l1dir_offset) << 9, 0, 1 << 6, 1 << 9, le32_to_cpu(header.granularity)); ret = vmdk_init_tables(bs, extent); if (ret) { /* free extent allocated by vmdk_add_extent */ vmdk_free_last_extent(bs); } return ret; } static int vmdk_open_desc_file(BlockDriverState *bs, int flags, int64_t desc_offset); static int vmdk_open_vmdk4(BlockDriverState *bs, BlockDriverState *file, int flags) { int ret; uint32_t magic; uint32_t l1_size, l1_entry_sectors; VMDK4Header header; VmdkExtent *extent; int64_t l1_backup_offset = 0; ret = bdrv_pread(file, sizeof(magic), &header, sizeof(header)); if (ret < 0) { return ret; } if (header.capacity == 0 && header.desc_offset) { return vmdk_open_desc_file(bs, flags, header.desc_offset << 9); } l1_entry_sectors = le32_to_cpu(header.num_gtes_per_gte) * le64_to_cpu(header.granularity); if (l1_entry_sectors <= 0) { return -EINVAL; } l1_size = (le64_to_cpu(header.capacity) + l1_entry_sectors - 1) / l1_entry_sectors; if (le32_to_cpu(header.flags) & VMDK4_FLAG_RGD) { l1_backup_offset = le64_to_cpu(header.rgd_offset) << 9; } extent = vmdk_add_extent(bs, file, false, le64_to_cpu(header.capacity), le64_to_cpu(header.gd_offset) << 9, l1_backup_offset, l1_size, le32_to_cpu(header.num_gtes_per_gte), le64_to_cpu(header.granularity)); extent->compressed = le16_to_cpu(header.compressAlgorithm) == VMDK4_COMPRESSION_DEFLATE; extent->has_marker = le32_to_cpu(header.flags) & VMDK4_FLAG_MARKER; ret = vmdk_init_tables(bs, extent); if (ret) { /* free extent allocated by vmdk_add_extent */ vmdk_free_last_extent(bs); } return ret; } /* find an option value out of descriptor file */ static int vmdk_parse_description(const char *desc, const char *opt_name, char *buf, int buf_size) { char *opt_pos, *opt_end; const char *end = desc + strlen(desc); opt_pos = strstr(desc, opt_name); if (!opt_pos) { return -1; } /* Skip "=\"" following opt_name */ opt_pos += strlen(opt_name) + 2; if (opt_pos >= end) { return -1; } opt_end = opt_pos; while (opt_end < end && *opt_end != '"') { opt_end++; } if (opt_end == end || buf_size < opt_end - opt_pos + 1) { return -1; } pstrcpy(buf, opt_end - opt_pos + 1, opt_pos); return 0; } /* Open an extent file and append to bs array */ static int vmdk_open_sparse(BlockDriverState *bs, BlockDriverState *file, int flags) { uint32_t magic; if (bdrv_pread(file, 0, &magic, sizeof(magic)) != sizeof(magic)) { return -EIO; } magic = be32_to_cpu(magic); switch (magic) { case VMDK3_MAGIC: return vmdk_open_vmdk3(bs, file, flags); break; case VMDK4_MAGIC: return vmdk_open_vmdk4(bs, file, flags); break; default: return -EINVAL; break; } } static int vmdk_parse_extents(const char *desc, BlockDriverState *bs, const char *desc_file_path) { int ret; char access[11]; char type[11]; char fname[512]; const char *p = desc; int64_t sectors = 0; int64_t flat_offset; char extent_path[PATH_MAX]; BlockDriverState *extent_file; while (*p) { /* parse extent line: * RW [size in sectors] FLAT "file-name.vmdk" OFFSET * or * RW [size in sectors] SPARSE "file-name.vmdk" */ flat_offset = -1; ret = sscanf(p, "%10s %" SCNd64 " %10s %511s %" SCNd64, access, §ors, type, fname, &flat_offset); if (ret < 4 || strcmp(access, "RW")) { goto next_line; } else if (!strcmp(type, "FLAT")) { if (ret != 5 || flat_offset < 0) { return -EINVAL; } } else if (ret != 4) { return -EINVAL; } /* trim the quotation marks around */ if (fname[0] == '"') { memmove(fname, fname + 1, strlen(fname)); if (strlen(fname) <= 1 || fname[strlen(fname) - 1] != '"') { return -EINVAL; } fname[strlen(fname) - 1] = '\0'; } if (sectors <= 0 || (strcmp(type, "FLAT") && strcmp(type, "SPARSE")) || (strcmp(access, "RW"))) { goto next_line; } path_combine(extent_path, sizeof(extent_path), desc_file_path, fname); ret = bdrv_file_open(&extent_file, extent_path, bs->open_flags); if (ret) { return ret; } /* save to extents array */ if (!strcmp(type, "FLAT")) { /* FLAT extent */ VmdkExtent *extent; extent = vmdk_add_extent(bs, extent_file, true, sectors, 0, 0, 0, 0, sectors); extent->flat_start_offset = flat_offset << 9; } else if (!strcmp(type, "SPARSE")) { /* SPARSE extent */ ret = vmdk_open_sparse(bs, extent_file, bs->open_flags); if (ret) { bdrv_delete(extent_file); return ret; } } else { fprintf(stderr, "VMDK: Not supported extent type \"%s\""".\n", type); return -ENOTSUP; } next_line: /* move to next line */ while (*p && *p != '\n') { p++; } p++; } return 0; } static int vmdk_open_desc_file(BlockDriverState *bs, int flags, int64_t desc_offset) { int ret; char buf[2048]; char ct[128]; BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque; ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, desc_offset, buf, sizeof(buf)); if (ret < 0) { return ret; } buf[2047] = '\0'; if (vmdk_parse_description(buf, "createType", ct, sizeof(ct))) { return -EINVAL; } if (strcmp(ct, "monolithicFlat") && strcmp(ct, "twoGbMaxExtentSparse") && strcmp(ct, "twoGbMaxExtentFlat")) { fprintf(stderr, "VMDK: Not supported image type \"%s\""".\n", ct); return -ENOTSUP; } s->desc_offset = 0; ret = vmdk_parse_extents(buf, bs, bs->file->filename); if (ret) { vmdk_free_extents(bs); return ret; } /* try to open parent images, if exist */ ret = vmdk_parent_open(bs); if (ret) { vmdk_free_extents(bs); return ret; } s->parent_cid = vmdk_read_cid(bs, 1); return 0; } static int vmdk_open(BlockDriverState *bs, int flags) { int ret; BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque; if (vmdk_open_sparse(bs, bs->file, flags) == 0) { s->desc_offset = 0x200; /* try to open parent images, if exist */ ret = vmdk_parent_open(bs); if (ret) { vmdk_free_extents(bs); return ret; } s->parent_cid = vmdk_read_cid(bs, 1); return 0; } else { return vmdk_open_desc_file(bs, flags, 0); } } static int get_whole_cluster(BlockDriverState *bs, VmdkExtent *extent, uint64_t cluster_offset, uint64_t offset, bool allocate) { /* 128 sectors * 512 bytes each = grain size 64KB */ uint8_t whole_grain[extent->cluster_sectors * 512]; /* we will be here if it's first write on non-exist grain(cluster). * try to read from parent image, if exist */ if (bs->backing_hd) { int ret; if (!vmdk_is_cid_valid(bs)) { return -1; } /* floor offset to cluster */ offset -= offset % (extent->cluster_sectors * 512); ret = bdrv_read(bs->backing_hd, offset >> 9, whole_grain, extent->cluster_sectors); if (ret < 0) { return -1; } /* Write grain only into the active image */ ret = bdrv_write(extent->file, cluster_offset, whole_grain, extent->cluster_sectors); if (ret < 0) { return -1; } } return 0; } static int vmdk_L2update(VmdkExtent *extent, VmdkMetaData *m_data) { /* update L2 table */ if (bdrv_pwrite_sync( extent->file, ((int64_t)m_data->l2_offset * 512) + (m_data->l2_index * sizeof(m_data->offset)), &(m_data->offset), sizeof(m_data->offset) ) < 0) { return -1; } /* update backup L2 table */ if (extent->l1_backup_table_offset != 0) { m_data->l2_offset = extent->l1_backup_table[m_data->l1_index]; if (bdrv_pwrite_sync( extent->file, ((int64_t)m_data->l2_offset * 512) + (m_data->l2_index * sizeof(m_data->offset)), &(m_data->offset), sizeof(m_data->offset) ) < 0) { return -1; } } return 0; } static int get_cluster_offset(BlockDriverState *bs, VmdkExtent *extent, VmdkMetaData *m_data, uint64_t offset, int allocate, uint64_t *cluster_offset) { unsigned int l1_index, l2_offset, l2_index; int min_index, i, j; uint32_t min_count, *l2_table, tmp = 0; if (m_data) { m_data->valid = 0; } if (extent->flat) { *cluster_offset = extent->flat_start_offset; return 0; } offset -= (extent->end_sector - extent->sectors) * SECTOR_SIZE; l1_index = (offset >> 9) / extent->l1_entry_sectors; if (l1_index >= extent->l1_size) { return -1; } l2_offset = extent->l1_table[l1_index]; if (!l2_offset) { return -1; } for (i = 0; i < L2_CACHE_SIZE; i++) { if (l2_offset == extent->l2_cache_offsets[i]) { /* increment the hit count */ if (++extent->l2_cache_counts[i] == 0xffffffff) { for (j = 0; j < L2_CACHE_SIZE; j++) { extent->l2_cache_counts[j] >>= 1; } } l2_table = extent->l2_cache + (i * extent->l2_size); goto found; } } /* not found: load a new entry in the least used one */ min_index = 0; min_count = 0xffffffff; for (i = 0; i < L2_CACHE_SIZE; i++) { if (extent->l2_cache_counts[i] < min_count) { min_count = extent->l2_cache_counts[i]; min_index = i; } } l2_table = extent->l2_cache + (min_index * extent->l2_size); if (bdrv_pread( extent->file, (int64_t)l2_offset * 512, l2_table, extent->l2_size * sizeof(uint32_t) ) != extent->l2_size * sizeof(uint32_t)) { return -1; } extent->l2_cache_offsets[min_index] = l2_offset; extent->l2_cache_counts[min_index] = 1; found: l2_index = ((offset >> 9) / extent->cluster_sectors) % extent->l2_size; *cluster_offset = le32_to_cpu(l2_table[l2_index]); if (!*cluster_offset) { if (!allocate) { return -1; } /* Avoid the L2 tables update for the images that have snapshots. */ *cluster_offset = bdrv_getlength(extent->file); if (!extent->compressed) { bdrv_truncate( extent->file, *cluster_offset + (extent->cluster_sectors << 9) ); } *cluster_offset >>= 9; tmp = cpu_to_le32(*cluster_offset); l2_table[l2_index] = tmp; /* First of all we write grain itself, to avoid race condition * that may to corrupt the image. * This problem may occur because of insufficient space on host disk * or inappropriate VM shutdown. */ if (get_whole_cluster( bs, extent, *cluster_offset, offset, allocate) == -1) { return -1; } if (m_data) { m_data->offset = tmp; m_data->l1_index = l1_index; m_data->l2_index = l2_index; m_data->l2_offset = l2_offset; m_data->valid = 1; } } *cluster_offset <<= 9; return 0; } static VmdkExtent *find_extent(BDRVVmdkState *s, int64_t sector_num, VmdkExtent *start_hint) { VmdkExtent *extent = start_hint; if (!extent) { extent = &s->extents[0]; } while (extent < &s->extents[s->num_extents]) { if (sector_num < extent->end_sector) { return extent; } extent++; } return NULL; } static int vmdk_is_allocated(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num, int nb_sectors, int *pnum) { BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque; int64_t index_in_cluster, n, ret; uint64_t offset; VmdkExtent *extent; extent = find_extent(s, sector_num, NULL); if (!extent) { return 0; } ret = get_cluster_offset(bs, extent, NULL, sector_num * 512, 0, &offset); /* get_cluster_offset returning 0 means success */ ret = !ret; index_in_cluster = sector_num % extent->cluster_sectors; n = extent->cluster_sectors - index_in_cluster; if (n > nb_sectors) { n = nb_sectors; } *pnum = n; return ret; } static int vmdk_write_extent(VmdkExtent *extent, int64_t cluster_offset, int64_t offset_in_cluster, const uint8_t *buf, int nb_sectors, int64_t sector_num) { int ret; VmdkGrainMarker *data = NULL; uLongf buf_len; const uint8_t *write_buf = buf; int write_len = nb_sectors * 512; if (extent->compressed) { if (!extent->has_marker) { ret = -EINVAL; goto out; } buf_len = (extent->cluster_sectors << 9) * 2; data = g_malloc(buf_len + sizeof(VmdkGrainMarker)); if (compress(data->data, &buf_len, buf, nb_sectors << 9) != Z_OK || buf_len == 0) { ret = -EINVAL; goto out; } data->lba = sector_num; data->size = buf_len; write_buf = (uint8_t *)data; write_len = buf_len + sizeof(VmdkGrainMarker); } ret = bdrv_pwrite(extent->file, cluster_offset + offset_in_cluster, write_buf, write_len); if (ret != write_len) { ret = ret < 0 ? ret : -EIO; goto out; } ret = 0; out: g_free(data); return ret; } static int vmdk_read_extent(VmdkExtent *extent, int64_t cluster_offset, int64_t offset_in_cluster, uint8_t *buf, int nb_sectors) { int ret; int cluster_bytes, buf_bytes; uint8_t *cluster_buf, *compressed_data; uint8_t *uncomp_buf; uint32_t data_len; VmdkGrainMarker *marker; uLongf buf_len; if (!extent->compressed) { ret = bdrv_pread(extent->file, cluster_offset + offset_in_cluster, buf, nb_sectors * 512); if (ret == nb_sectors * 512) { return 0; } else { return -EIO; } } cluster_bytes = extent->cluster_sectors * 512; /* Read two clusters in case GrainMarker + compressed data > one cluster */ buf_bytes = cluster_bytes * 2; cluster_buf = g_malloc(buf_bytes); uncomp_buf = g_malloc(cluster_bytes); ret = bdrv_pread(extent->file, cluster_offset, cluster_buf, buf_bytes); if (ret < 0) { goto out; } compressed_data = cluster_buf; buf_len = cluster_bytes; data_len = cluster_bytes; if (extent->has_marker) { marker = (VmdkGrainMarker *)cluster_buf; compressed_data = marker->data; data_len = le32_to_cpu(marker->size); } if (!data_len || data_len > buf_bytes) { ret = -EINVAL; goto out; } ret = uncompress(uncomp_buf, &buf_len, compressed_data, data_len); if (ret != Z_OK) { ret = -EINVAL; goto out; } if (offset_in_cluster < 0 || offset_in_cluster + nb_sectors * 512 > buf_len) { ret = -EINVAL; goto out; } memcpy(buf, uncomp_buf + offset_in_cluster, nb_sectors * 512); ret = 0; out: g_free(uncomp_buf); g_free(cluster_buf); return ret; } static int vmdk_read(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num, uint8_t *buf, int nb_sectors) { BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque; int ret; uint64_t n, index_in_cluster; VmdkExtent *extent = NULL; uint64_t cluster_offset; while (nb_sectors > 0) { extent = find_extent(s, sector_num, extent); if (!extent) { return -EIO; } ret = get_cluster_offset( bs, extent, NULL, sector_num << 9, 0, &cluster_offset); index_in_cluster = sector_num % extent->cluster_sectors; n = extent->cluster_sectors - index_in_cluster; if (n > nb_sectors) { n = nb_sectors; } if (ret) { /* if not allocated, try to read from parent image, if exist */ if (bs->backing_hd) { if (!vmdk_is_cid_valid(bs)) { return -EINVAL; } ret = bdrv_read(bs->backing_hd, sector_num, buf, n); if (ret < 0) { return ret; } } else { memset(buf, 0, 512 * n); } } else { ret = vmdk_read_extent(extent, cluster_offset, index_in_cluster * 512, buf, n); if (ret) { return ret; } } nb_sectors -= n; sector_num += n; buf += n * 512; } return 0; } static int vmdk_write(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num, const uint8_t *buf, int nb_sectors) { BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque; VmdkExtent *extent = NULL; int n, ret; int64_t index_in_cluster; uint64_t cluster_offset; VmdkMetaData m_data; if (sector_num > bs->total_sectors) { fprintf(stderr, "(VMDK) Wrong offset: sector_num=0x%" PRIx64 " total_sectors=0x%" PRIx64 "\n", sector_num, bs->total_sectors); return -EIO; } while (nb_sectors > 0) { extent = find_extent(s, sector_num, extent); if (!extent) { return -EIO; } ret = get_cluster_offset( bs, extent, &m_data, sector_num << 9, !extent->compressed, &cluster_offset); if (extent->compressed) { if (ret == 0) { /* Refuse write to allocated cluster for streamOptimized */ fprintf(stderr, "VMDK: can't write to allocated cluster" " for streamOptimized\n"); return -EIO; } else { /* allocate */ ret = get_cluster_offset( bs, extent, &m_data, sector_num << 9, 1, &cluster_offset); } } if (ret) { return -EINVAL; } index_in_cluster = sector_num % extent->cluster_sectors; n = extent->cluster_sectors - index_in_cluster; if (n > nb_sectors) { n = nb_sectors; } ret = vmdk_write_extent(extent, cluster_offset, index_in_cluster * 512, buf, n, sector_num); if (ret) { return ret; } if (m_data.valid) { /* update L2 tables */ if (vmdk_L2update(extent, &m_data) == -1) { return -EIO; } } nb_sectors -= n; sector_num += n; buf += n * 512; /* update CID on the first write every time the virtual disk is * opened */ if (!s->cid_updated) { vmdk_write_cid(bs, time(NULL)); s->cid_updated = true; } } return 0; } static int vmdk_create_extent(const char *filename, int64_t filesize, bool flat, bool compress) { int ret, i; int fd = 0; VMDK4Header header; uint32_t tmp, magic, grains, gd_size, gt_size, gt_count; fd = open( filename, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_BINARY | O_LARGEFILE, 0644); if (fd < 0) { return -errno; } if (flat) { ret = ftruncate(fd, filesize); if (ret < 0) { ret = -errno; } goto exit; } magic = cpu_to_be32(VMDK4_MAGIC); memset(&header, 0, sizeof(header)); header.version = 1; header.flags = 3 | (compress ? VMDK4_FLAG_COMPRESS | VMDK4_FLAG_MARKER : 0); header.compressAlgorithm = compress ? VMDK4_COMPRESSION_DEFLATE : 0; header.capacity = filesize / 512; header.granularity = 128; header.num_gtes_per_gte = 512; grains = (filesize / 512 + header.granularity - 1) / header.granularity; gt_size = ((header.num_gtes_per_gte * sizeof(uint32_t)) + 511) >> 9; gt_count = (grains + header.num_gtes_per_gte - 1) / header.num_gtes_per_gte; gd_size = (gt_count * sizeof(uint32_t) + 511) >> 9; header.desc_offset = 1; header.desc_size = 20; header.rgd_offset = header.desc_offset + header.desc_size; header.gd_offset = header.rgd_offset + gd_size + (gt_size * gt_count); header.grain_offset = ((header.gd_offset + gd_size + (gt_size * gt_count) + header.granularity - 1) / header.granularity) * header.granularity; /* swap endianness for all header fields */ header.version = cpu_to_le32(header.version); header.flags = cpu_to_le32(header.flags); header.capacity = cpu_to_le64(header.capacity); header.granularity = cpu_to_le64(header.granularity); header.num_gtes_per_gte = cpu_to_le32(header.num_gtes_per_gte); header.desc_offset = cpu_to_le64(header.desc_offset); header.desc_size = cpu_to_le64(header.desc_size); header.rgd_offset = cpu_to_le64(header.rgd_offset); header.gd_offset = cpu_to_le64(header.gd_offset); header.grain_offset = cpu_to_le64(header.grain_offset); header.compressAlgorithm = cpu_to_le16(header.compressAlgorithm); header.check_bytes[0] = 0xa; header.check_bytes[1] = 0x20; header.check_bytes[2] = 0xd; header.check_bytes[3] = 0xa; /* write all the data */ ret = qemu_write_full(fd, &magic, sizeof(magic)); if (ret != sizeof(magic)) { ret = -errno; goto exit; } ret = qemu_write_full(fd, &header, sizeof(header)); if (ret != sizeof(header)) { ret = -errno; goto exit; } ret = ftruncate(fd, le64_to_cpu(header.grain_offset) << 9); if (ret < 0) { ret = -errno; goto exit; } /* write grain directory */ lseek(fd, le64_to_cpu(header.rgd_offset) << 9, SEEK_SET); for (i = 0, tmp = le64_to_cpu(header.rgd_offset) + gd_size; i < gt_count; i++, tmp += gt_size) { ret = qemu_write_full(fd, &tmp, sizeof(tmp)); if (ret != sizeof(tmp)) { ret = -errno; goto exit; } } /* write backup grain directory */ lseek(fd, le64_to_cpu(header.gd_offset) << 9, SEEK_SET); for (i = 0, tmp = le64_to_cpu(header.gd_offset) + gd_size; i < gt_count; i++, tmp += gt_size) { ret = qemu_write_full(fd, &tmp, sizeof(tmp)); if (ret != sizeof(tmp)) { ret = -errno; goto exit; } } ret = 0; exit: close(fd); return ret; } static int filename_decompose(const char *filename, char *path, char *prefix, char *postfix, size_t buf_len) { const char *p, *q; if (filename == NULL || !strlen(filename)) { fprintf(stderr, "Vmdk: no filename provided.\n"); return -1; } p = strrchr(filename, '/'); if (p == NULL) { p = strrchr(filename, '\\'); } if (p == NULL) { p = strrchr(filename, ':'); } if (p != NULL) { p++; if (p - filename >= buf_len) { return -1; } pstrcpy(path, p - filename + 1, filename); } else { p = filename; path[0] = '\0'; } q = strrchr(p, '.'); if (q == NULL) { pstrcpy(prefix, buf_len, p); postfix[0] = '\0'; } else { if (q - p >= buf_len) { return -1; } pstrcpy(prefix, q - p + 1, p); pstrcpy(postfix, buf_len, q); } return 0; } static int relative_path(char *dest, int dest_size, const char *base, const char *target) { int i = 0; int n = 0; const char *p, *q; #ifdef _WIN32 const char *sep = "\\"; #else const char *sep = "/"; #endif if (!(dest && base && target)) { return -1; } if (path_is_absolute(target)) { dest[dest_size - 1] = '\0'; strncpy(dest, target, dest_size - 1); return 0; } while (base[i] == target[i]) { i++; } p = &base[i]; q = &target[i]; while (*p) { if (*p == *sep) { n++; } p++; } dest[0] = '\0'; for (; n; n--) { pstrcat(dest, dest_size, ".."); pstrcat(dest, dest_size, sep); } pstrcat(dest, dest_size, q); return 0; } static int vmdk_create(const char *filename, QEMUOptionParameter *options) { int fd, idx = 0; char desc[BUF_SIZE]; int64_t total_size = 0, filesize; const char *backing_file = NULL; const char *fmt = NULL; int flags = 0; int ret = 0; bool flat, split, compress; char ext_desc_lines[BUF_SIZE] = ""; char path[PATH_MAX], prefix[PATH_MAX], postfix[PATH_MAX]; const int64_t split_size = 0x80000000; /* VMDK has constant split size */ const char *desc_extent_line; char parent_desc_line[BUF_SIZE] = ""; uint32_t parent_cid = 0xffffffff; const char desc_template[] = "# Disk DescriptorFile\n" "version=1\n" "CID=%x\n" "parentCID=%x\n" "createType=\"%s\"\n" "%s" "\n" "# Extent description\n" "%s" "\n" "# The Disk Data Base\n" "#DDB\n" "\n" "ddb.virtualHWVersion = \"%d\"\n" "ddb.geometry.cylinders = \"%" PRId64 "\"\n" "ddb.geometry.heads = \"16\"\n" "ddb.geometry.sectors = \"63\"\n" "ddb.adapterType = \"ide\"\n"; if (filename_decompose(filename, path, prefix, postfix, PATH_MAX)) { return -EINVAL; } /* Read out options */ while (options && options->name) { if (!strcmp(options->name, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE)) { total_size = options->value.n; } else if (!strcmp(options->name, BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE)) { backing_file = options->value.s; } else if (!strcmp(options->name, BLOCK_OPT_COMPAT6)) { flags |= options->value.n ? BLOCK_FLAG_COMPAT6 : 0; } else if (!strcmp(options->name, BLOCK_OPT_SUBFMT)) { fmt = options->value.s; } options++; } if (!fmt) { /* Default format to monolithicSparse */ fmt = "monolithicSparse"; } else if (strcmp(fmt, "monolithicFlat") && strcmp(fmt, "monolithicSparse") && strcmp(fmt, "twoGbMaxExtentSparse") && strcmp(fmt, "twoGbMaxExtentFlat") && strcmp(fmt, "streamOptimized")) { fprintf(stderr, "VMDK: Unknown subformat: %s\n", fmt); return -EINVAL; } split = !(strcmp(fmt, "twoGbMaxExtentFlat") && strcmp(fmt, "twoGbMaxExtentSparse")); flat = !(strcmp(fmt, "monolithicFlat") && strcmp(fmt, "twoGbMaxExtentFlat")); compress = !strcmp(fmt, "streamOptimized"); if (flat) { desc_extent_line = "RW %lld FLAT \"%s\" 0\n"; } else { desc_extent_line = "RW %lld SPARSE \"%s\"\n"; } if (flat && backing_file) { /* not supporting backing file for flat image */ return -ENOTSUP; } if (backing_file) { char parent_filename[PATH_MAX]; BlockDriverState *bs = bdrv_new(""); ret = bdrv_open(bs, backing_file, 0, NULL); if (ret != 0) { bdrv_delete(bs); return ret; } if (strcmp(bs->drv->format_name, "vmdk")) { bdrv_delete(bs); return -EINVAL; } filesize = bdrv_getlength(bs); parent_cid = vmdk_read_cid(bs, 0); bdrv_delete(bs); relative_path(parent_filename, sizeof(parent_filename), filename, backing_file); snprintf(parent_desc_line, sizeof(parent_desc_line), "parentFileNameHint=\"%s\"", parent_filename); } /* Create extents */ filesize = total_size; while (filesize > 0) { char desc_line[BUF_SIZE]; char ext_filename[PATH_MAX]; char desc_filename[PATH_MAX]; int64_t size = filesize; if (split && size > split_size) { size = split_size; } if (split) { snprintf(desc_filename, sizeof(desc_filename), "%s-%c%03d%s", prefix, flat ? 'f' : 's', ++idx, postfix); } else if (flat) { snprintf(desc_filename, sizeof(desc_filename), "%s-flat%s", prefix, postfix); } else { snprintf(desc_filename, sizeof(desc_filename), "%s%s", prefix, postfix); } snprintf(ext_filename, sizeof(ext_filename), "%s%s", path, desc_filename); if (vmdk_create_extent(ext_filename, size, flat, compress)) { return -EINVAL; } filesize -= size; /* Format description line */ snprintf(desc_line, sizeof(desc_line), desc_extent_line, size / 512, desc_filename); pstrcat(ext_desc_lines, sizeof(ext_desc_lines), desc_line); } /* generate descriptor file */ snprintf(desc, sizeof(desc), desc_template, (unsigned int)time(NULL), parent_cid, fmt, parent_desc_line, ext_desc_lines, (flags & BLOCK_FLAG_COMPAT6 ? 6 : 4), total_size / (int64_t)(63 * 16 * 512)); if (split || flat) { fd = open( filename, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_BINARY | O_LARGEFILE, 0644); } else { fd = open( filename, O_WRONLY | O_BINARY | O_LARGEFILE, 0644); } if (fd < 0) { return -errno; } /* the descriptor offset = 0x200 */ if (!split && !flat && 0x200 != lseek(fd, 0x200, SEEK_SET)) { ret = -errno; goto exit; } ret = qemu_write_full(fd, desc, strlen(desc)); if (ret != strlen(desc)) { ret = -errno; goto exit; } ret = 0; exit: close(fd); return ret; } static void vmdk_close(BlockDriverState *bs) { vmdk_free_extents(bs); } static int vmdk_flush(BlockDriverState *bs) { int i, ret, err; BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque; ret = bdrv_flush(bs->file); for (i = 0; i < s->num_extents; i++) { err = bdrv_flush(s->extents[i].file); if (err < 0) { ret = err; } } return ret; } static int64_t vmdk_get_allocated_file_size(BlockDriverState *bs) { int i; int64_t ret = 0; int64_t r; BDRVVmdkState *s = bs->opaque; ret = bdrv_get_allocated_file_size(bs->file); if (ret < 0) { return ret; } for (i = 0; i < s->num_extents; i++) { if (s->extents[i].file == bs->file) { continue; } r = bdrv_get_allocated_file_size(s->extents[i].file); if (r < 0) { return r; } ret += r; } return ret; } static QEMUOptionParameter vmdk_create_options[] = { { .name = BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, .type = OPT_SIZE, .help = "Virtual disk size" }, { .name = BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE, .type = OPT_STRING, .help = "File name of a base image" }, { .name = BLOCK_OPT_COMPAT6, .type = OPT_FLAG, .help = "VMDK version 6 image" }, { .name = BLOCK_OPT_SUBFMT, .type = OPT_STRING, .help = "VMDK flat extent format, can be one of " "{monolithicSparse (default) | monolithicFlat | twoGbMaxExtentSparse | twoGbMaxExtentFlat | streamOptimized} " }, { NULL } }; static BlockDriver bdrv_vmdk = { .format_name = "vmdk", .instance_size = sizeof(BDRVVmdkState), .bdrv_probe = vmdk_probe, .bdrv_open = vmdk_open, .bdrv_read = vmdk_read, .bdrv_write = vmdk_write, .bdrv_close = vmdk_close, .bdrv_create = vmdk_create, .bdrv_flush = vmdk_flush, .bdrv_is_allocated = vmdk_is_allocated, .bdrv_get_allocated_file_size = vmdk_get_allocated_file_size, .create_options = vmdk_create_options, }; static void bdrv_vmdk_init(void) { bdrv_register(&bdrv_vmdk); } block_init(bdrv_vmdk_init);