#!/usr/bin/env python3 # Copyright (c) 2014-2016 The Bitcoin Core developers # Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying # file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php. """Helpful routines for regression testing.""" from base64 import b64encode from binascii import hexlify, unhexlify from decimal import Decimal, ROUND_DOWN import json import logging import os import random import re import time from . import coverage from .authproxy import AuthServiceProxy, JSONRPCException logger = logging.getLogger("TestFramework.utils") # Assert functions ################## def assert_fee_amount(fee, tx_size, fee_per_kB): """Assert the fee was in range""" target_fee = tx_size * fee_per_kB / 1000 if fee < target_fee: raise AssertionError("Fee of %s BTC too low! (Should be %s BTC)" % (str(fee), str(target_fee))) # allow the wallet's estimation to be at most 2 bytes off if fee > (tx_size + 2) * fee_per_kB / 1000: raise AssertionError("Fee of %s BTC too high! (Should be %s BTC)" % (str(fee), str(target_fee))) def assert_equal(thing1, thing2, *args): if thing1 != thing2 or any(thing1 != arg for arg in args): raise AssertionError("not(%s)" % " == ".join(str(arg) for arg in (thing1, thing2) + args)) def assert_greater_than(thing1, thing2): if thing1 <= thing2: raise AssertionError("%s <= %s" % (str(thing1), str(thing2))) def assert_greater_than_or_equal(thing1, thing2): if thing1 < thing2: raise AssertionError("%s < %s" % (str(thing1), str(thing2))) def assert_raises(exc, fun, *args, **kwds): assert_raises_message(exc, None, fun, *args, **kwds) def assert_raises_message(exc, message, fun, *args, **kwds): try: fun(*args, **kwds) except exc as e: if message is not None and message not in e.error['message']: raise AssertionError("Expected substring not found:" + e.error['message']) except Exception as e: raise AssertionError("Unexpected exception raised: " + type(e).__name__) else: raise AssertionError("No exception raised") def assert_raises_jsonrpc(code, message, fun, *args, **kwds): """Run an RPC and verify that a specific JSONRPC exception code and message is raised. Calls function `fun` with arguments `args` and `kwds`. Catches a JSONRPCException and verifies that the error code and message are as expected. Throws AssertionError if no JSONRPCException was returned or if the error code/message are not as expected. Args: code (int), optional: the error code returned by the RPC call (defined in src/rpc/protocol.h). Set to None if checking the error code is not required. message (string), optional: [a substring of] the error string returned by the RPC call. Set to None if checking the error string is not required fun (function): the function to call. This should be the name of an RPC. args*: positional arguments for the function. kwds**: named arguments for the function. """ try: fun(*args, **kwds) except JSONRPCException as e: # JSONRPCException was thrown as expected. Check the code and message values are correct. if (code is not None) and (code != e.error["code"]): raise AssertionError("Unexpected JSONRPC error code %i" % e.error["code"]) if (message is not None) and (message not in e.error['message']): raise AssertionError("Expected substring not found:" + e.error['message']) except Exception as e: raise AssertionError("Unexpected exception raised: " + type(e).__name__) else: raise AssertionError("No exception raised") def assert_is_hex_string(string): try: int(string, 16) except Exception as e: raise AssertionError( "Couldn't interpret %r as hexadecimal; raised: %s" % (string, e)) def assert_is_hash_string(string, length=64): if not isinstance(string, str): raise AssertionError("Expected a string, got type %r" % type(string)) elif length and len(string) != length: raise AssertionError( "String of length %d expected; got %d" % (length, len(string))) elif not re.match('[abcdef0-9]+$', string): raise AssertionError( "String %r contains invalid characters for a hash." % string) def assert_array_result(object_array, to_match, expected, should_not_find=False): """ Pass in array of JSON objects, a dictionary with key/value pairs to match against, and another dictionary with expected key/value pairs. If the should_not_find flag is true, to_match should not be found in object_array """ if should_not_find: assert_equal(expected, {}) num_matched = 0 for item in object_array: all_match = True for key, value in to_match.items(): if item[key] != value: all_match = False if not all_match: continue elif should_not_find: num_matched = num_matched + 1 for key, value in expected.items(): if item[key] != value: raise AssertionError("%s : expected %s=%s" % (str(item), str(key), str(value))) num_matched = num_matched + 1 if num_matched == 0 and not should_not_find: raise AssertionError("No objects matched %s" % (str(to_match))) if num_matched > 0 and should_not_find: raise AssertionError("Objects were found %s" % (str(to_match))) # Utility functions ################### def check_json_precision(): """Make sure json library being used does not lose precision converting BTC values""" n = Decimal("20000000.00000003") satoshis = int(json.loads(json.dumps(float(n))) * 1.0e8) if satoshis != 2000000000000003: raise RuntimeError("JSON encode/decode loses precision") def count_bytes(hex_string): return len(bytearray.fromhex(hex_string)) def bytes_to_hex_str(byte_str): return hexlify(byte_str).decode('ascii') def hex_str_to_bytes(hex_str): return unhexlify(hex_str.encode('ascii')) def str_to_b64str(string): return b64encode(string.encode('utf-8')).decode('ascii') def satoshi_round(amount): return Decimal(amount).quantize(Decimal('0.00000001'), rounding=ROUND_DOWN) # RPC/P2P connection constants and functions ############################################ # The maximum number of nodes a single test can spawn MAX_NODES = 8 # Don't assign rpc or p2p ports lower than this PORT_MIN = 11000 # The number of ports to "reserve" for p2p and rpc, each PORT_RANGE = 5000 class PortSeed: # Must be initialized with a unique integer for each process n = None def get_rpc_proxy(url, node_number, timeout=None, coveragedir=None): """ Args: url (str): URL of the RPC server to call node_number (int): the node number (or id) that this calls to Kwargs: timeout (int): HTTP timeout in seconds Returns: AuthServiceProxy. convenience object for making RPC calls. """ proxy_kwargs = {} if timeout is not None: proxy_kwargs['timeout'] = timeout proxy = AuthServiceProxy(url, **proxy_kwargs) proxy.url = url # store URL on proxy for info coverage_logfile = coverage.get_filename( coveragedir, node_number) if coveragedir else None return coverage.AuthServiceProxyWrapper(proxy, coverage_logfile) def p2p_port(n): assert(n <= MAX_NODES) return PORT_MIN + n + (MAX_NODES * PortSeed.n) % (PORT_RANGE - 1 - MAX_NODES) def rpc_port(n): return PORT_MIN + PORT_RANGE + n + (MAX_NODES * PortSeed.n) % (PORT_RANGE - 1 - MAX_NODES) def rpc_url(datadir, i, rpchost=None): rpc_u, rpc_p = get_auth_cookie(datadir) host = '127.0.0.1' port = rpc_port(i) if rpchost: parts = rpchost.split(':') if len(parts) == 2: host, port = parts else: host = rpchost return "http://%s:%s@%s:%d" % (rpc_u, rpc_p, host, int(port)) # Node functions ################ def initialize_datadir(dirname, n): datadir = os.path.join(dirname, "node" + str(n)) if not os.path.isdir(datadir): os.makedirs(datadir) with open(os.path.join(datadir, "bitcoin.conf"), 'w', encoding='utf8') as f: f.write("regtest=1\n") f.write("port=" + str(p2p_port(n)) + "\n") f.write("rpcport=" + str(rpc_port(n)) + "\n") f.write("listenonion=0\n") return datadir def get_datadir_path(dirname, n): return os.path.join(dirname, "node" + str(n)) def get_auth_cookie(datadir): user = None password = None if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(datadir, "bitcoin.conf")): with open(os.path.join(datadir, "bitcoin.conf"), 'r', encoding='utf8') as f: for line in f: if line.startswith("rpcuser="): assert user is None # Ensure that there is only one rpcuser line user = line.split("=")[1].strip("\n") if line.startswith("rpcpassword="): assert password is None # Ensure that there is only one rpcpassword line password = line.split("=")[1].strip("\n") if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(datadir, "regtest", ".cookie")): with open(os.path.join(datadir, "regtest", ".cookie"), 'r') as f: userpass = f.read() split_userpass = userpass.split(':') user = split_userpass[0] password = split_userpass[1] if user is None or password is None: raise ValueError("No RPC credentials") return user, password def log_filename(dirname, n_node, logname): return os.path.join(dirname, "node" + str(n_node), "regtest", logname) def get_bip9_status(node, key): info = node.getblockchaininfo() return info['bip9_softforks'][key] def set_node_times(nodes, t): for node in nodes: node.setmocktime(t) def disconnect_nodes(from_connection, node_num): for peer_id in [peer['id'] for peer in from_connection.getpeerinfo() if "testnode%d" % node_num in peer['subver']]: from_connection.disconnectnode(nodeid=peer_id) for _ in range(50): if [peer['id'] for peer in from_connection.getpeerinfo() if "testnode%d" % node_num in peer['subver']] == []: break time.sleep(0.1) else: raise AssertionError("timed out waiting for disconnect") def connect_nodes(from_connection, node_num): ip_port = "127.0.0.1:" + str(p2p_port(node_num)) from_connection.addnode(ip_port, "onetry") # poll until version handshake complete to avoid race conditions # with transaction relaying while any(peer['version'] == 0 for peer in from_connection.getpeerinfo()): time.sleep(0.1) def connect_nodes_bi(nodes, a, b): connect_nodes(nodes[a], b) connect_nodes(nodes[b], a) def sync_blocks(rpc_connections, *, wait=1, timeout=60): """ Wait until everybody has the same tip. sync_blocks needs to be called with an rpc_connections set that has least one node already synced to the latest, stable tip, otherwise there's a chance it might return before all nodes are stably synced. """ # Use getblockcount() instead of waitforblockheight() to determine the # initial max height because the two RPCs look at different internal global # variables (chainActive vs latestBlock) and the former gets updated # earlier. maxheight = max(x.getblockcount() for x in rpc_connections) start_time = cur_time = time.time() while cur_time <= start_time + timeout: tips = [r.waitforblockheight(maxheight, int(wait * 1000)) for r in rpc_connections] if all(t["height"] == maxheight for t in tips): if all(t["hash"] == tips[0]["hash"] for t in tips): return raise AssertionError("Block sync failed, mismatched block hashes:{}".format( "".join("\n {!r}".format(tip) for tip in tips))) cur_time = time.time() raise AssertionError("Block sync to height {} timed out:{}".format( maxheight, "".join("\n {!r}".format(tip) for tip in tips))) def sync_chain(rpc_connections, *, wait=1, timeout=60): """ Wait until everybody has the same best block """ while timeout > 0: best_hash = [x.getbestblockhash() for x in rpc_connections] if best_hash == [best_hash[0]] * len(best_hash): return time.sleep(wait) timeout -= wait raise AssertionError("Chain sync failed: Best block hashes don't match") def sync_mempools(rpc_connections, *, wait=1, timeout=60): """ Wait until everybody has the same transactions in their memory pools """ while timeout > 0: pool = set(rpc_connections[0].getrawmempool()) num_match = 1 for i in range(1, len(rpc_connections)): if set(rpc_connections[i].getrawmempool()) == pool: num_match = num_match + 1 if num_match == len(rpc_connections): return time.sleep(wait) timeout -= wait raise AssertionError("Mempool sync failed") # Transaction/Block functions ############################# def find_output(node, txid, amount): """ Return index to output of txid with value amount Raises exception if there is none. """ txdata = node.getrawtransaction(txid, 1) for i in range(len(txdata["vout"])): if txdata["vout"][i]["value"] == amount: return i raise RuntimeError("find_output txid %s : %s not found" % (txid, str(amount))) def gather_inputs(from_node, amount_needed, confirmations_required=1): """ Return a random set of unspent txouts that are enough to pay amount_needed """ assert(confirmations_required >= 0) utxo = from_node.listunspent(confirmations_required) random.shuffle(utxo) inputs = [] total_in = Decimal("0.00000000") while total_in < amount_needed and len(utxo) > 0: t = utxo.pop() total_in += t["amount"] inputs.append({"txid": t["txid"], "vout": t["vout"], "address": t["address"]}) if total_in < amount_needed: raise RuntimeError("Insufficient funds: need %d, have %d" % (amount_needed, total_in)) return (total_in, inputs) def make_change(from_node, amount_in, amount_out, fee): """ Create change output(s), return them """ outputs = {} amount = amount_out + fee change = amount_in - amount if change > amount * 2: # Create an extra change output to break up big inputs change_address = from_node.getnewaddress() # Split change in two, being careful of rounding: outputs[change_address] = Decimal(change / 2).quantize(Decimal('0.00000001'), rounding=ROUND_DOWN) change = amount_in - amount - outputs[change_address] if change > 0: outputs[from_node.getnewaddress()] = change return outputs def random_transaction(nodes, amount, min_fee, fee_increment, fee_variants): """ Create a random transaction. Returns (txid, hex-encoded-transaction-data, fee) """ from_node = random.choice(nodes) to_node = random.choice(nodes) fee = min_fee + fee_increment * random.randint(0, fee_variants) (total_in, inputs) = gather_inputs(from_node, amount + fee) outputs = make_change(from_node, total_in, amount, fee) outputs[to_node.getnewaddress()] = float(amount) rawtx = from_node.createrawtransaction(inputs, outputs) signresult = from_node.signrawtransaction(rawtx) txid = from_node.sendrawtransaction(signresult["hex"], True) return (txid, signresult["hex"], fee) # Helper to create at least "count" utxos # Pass in a fee that is sufficient for relay and mining new transactions. def create_confirmed_utxos(fee, node, count): to_generate = int(0.5 * count) + 101 while to_generate > 0: node.generate(min(25, to_generate)) to_generate -= 25 utxos = node.listunspent() iterations = count - len(utxos) addr1 = node.getnewaddress() addr2 = node.getnewaddress() if iterations <= 0: return utxos for i in range(iterations): t = utxos.pop() inputs = [] inputs.append({"txid": t["txid"], "vout": t["vout"]}) outputs = {} send_value = t['amount'] - fee outputs[addr1] = satoshi_round(send_value / 2) outputs[addr2] = satoshi_round(send_value / 2) raw_tx = node.createrawtransaction(inputs, outputs) signed_tx = node.signrawtransaction(raw_tx)["hex"] node.sendrawtransaction(signed_tx) while (node.getmempoolinfo()['size'] > 0): node.generate(1) utxos = node.listunspent() assert(len(utxos) >= count) return utxos # Create large OP_RETURN txouts that can be appended to a transaction # to make it large (helper for constructing large transactions). def gen_return_txouts(): # Some pre-processing to create a bunch of OP_RETURN txouts to insert into transactions we create # So we have big transactions (and therefore can't fit very many into each block) # create one script_pubkey script_pubkey = "6a4d0200" # OP_RETURN OP_PUSH2 512 bytes for i in range(512): script_pubkey = script_pubkey + "01" # concatenate 128 txouts of above script_pubkey which we'll insert before the txout for change txouts = "81" for k in range(128): # add txout value txouts = txouts + "0000000000000000" # add length of script_pubkey txouts = txouts + "fd0402" # add script_pubkey txouts = txouts + script_pubkey return txouts def create_tx(node, coinbase, to_address, amount): inputs = [{"txid": coinbase, "vout": 0}] outputs = {to_address: amount} rawtx = node.createrawtransaction(inputs, outputs) signresult = node.signrawtransaction(rawtx) assert_equal(signresult["complete"], True) return signresult["hex"] # Create a spend of each passed-in utxo, splicing in "txouts" to each raw # transaction to make it large. See gen_return_txouts() above. def create_lots_of_big_transactions(node, txouts, utxos, num, fee): addr = node.getnewaddress() txids = [] for _ in range(num): t = utxos.pop() inputs = [{"txid": t["txid"], "vout": t["vout"]}] outputs = {} change = t['amount'] - fee outputs[addr] = satoshi_round(change) rawtx = node.createrawtransaction(inputs, outputs) newtx = rawtx[0:92] newtx = newtx + txouts newtx = newtx + rawtx[94:] signresult = node.signrawtransaction(newtx, None, None, "NONE") txid = node.sendrawtransaction(signresult["hex"], True) txids.append(txid) return txids def mine_large_block(node, utxos=None): # generate a 66k transaction, # and 14 of them is close to the 1MB block limit num = 14 txouts = gen_return_txouts() utxos = utxos if utxos is not None else [] if len(utxos) < num: utxos.clear() utxos.extend(node.listunspent()) fee = 100 * node.getnetworkinfo()["relayfee"] create_lots_of_big_transactions(node, txouts, utxos, num, fee=fee) node.generate(1)