#!/usr/bin/env python3 # Copyright (c) 2021-present The Bitcoin Core developers # Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying # file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php. """Test for assumeutxo, a means of quickly bootstrapping a node using a serialized version of the UTXO set at a certain height, which corresponds to a hash that has been compiled into bitcoind. The assumeutxo value generated and used here is committed to in `CRegTestParams::m_assumeutxo_data` in `src/kernel/chainparams.cpp`. ## Possible test improvements - TODO: test what happens with -reindex and -reindex-chainstate before the snapshot is validated, and make sure it's deleted successfully. Interesting test cases could be loading an assumeutxo snapshot file with: - TODO: Valid hash but invalid snapshot file (bad coin height or bad other serialization) - TODO: Valid snapshot file, but referencing a snapshot block that turns out to be invalid, or has an invalid parent - TODO: Valid snapshot file and snapshot block, but the block is not on the most-work chain Interesting starting states could be loading a snapshot when the current chain tip is: - TODO: An ancestor of snapshot block - TODO: Not an ancestor of the snapshot block but has less work - TODO: The snapshot block - TODO: A descendant of the snapshot block - TODO: Not an ancestor or a descendant of the snapshot block and has more work """ from shutil import rmtree from test_framework.messages import tx_from_hex from test_framework.test_framework import BitcoinTestFramework from test_framework.util import ( assert_equal, assert_raises_rpc_error, ) from test_framework.wallet import ( getnewdestination, MiniWallet, ) START_HEIGHT = 199 SNAPSHOT_BASE_HEIGHT = 299 FINAL_HEIGHT = 399 COMPLETE_IDX = {'synced': True, 'best_block_height': FINAL_HEIGHT} class AssumeutxoTest(BitcoinTestFramework): def set_test_params(self): """Use the pregenerated, deterministic chain up to height 199.""" self.num_nodes = 3 self.rpc_timeout = 120 self.extra_args = [ [], ["-fastprune", "-prune=1", "-blockfilterindex=1", "-coinstatsindex=1"], ["-txindex=1", "-blockfilterindex=1", "-coinstatsindex=1"], ] def setup_network(self): """Start with the nodes disconnected so that one can generate a snapshot including blocks the other hasn't yet seen.""" self.add_nodes(3) self.start_nodes(extra_args=self.extra_args) def test_invalid_snapshot_scenarios(self, valid_snapshot_path): self.log.info("Test different scenarios of loading invalid snapshot files") with open(valid_snapshot_path, 'rb') as f: valid_snapshot_contents = f.read() bad_snapshot_path = valid_snapshot_path + '.mod' def expected_error(log_msg="", rpc_details=""): with self.nodes[1].assert_debug_log([log_msg]): assert_raises_rpc_error(-32603, f"Unable to load UTXO snapshot{rpc_details}", self.nodes[1].loadtxoutset, bad_snapshot_path) self.log.info(" - snapshot file referring to a block that is not in the assumeutxo parameters") prev_block_hash = self.nodes[0].getblockhash(SNAPSHOT_BASE_HEIGHT - 1) bogus_block_hash = "0" * 64 # Represents any unknown block hash for bad_block_hash in [bogus_block_hash, prev_block_hash]: with open(bad_snapshot_path, 'wb') as f: # block hash of the snapshot base is stored right at the start (first 32 bytes) f.write(bytes.fromhex(bad_block_hash)[::-1] + valid_snapshot_contents[32:]) error_details = f", assumeutxo block hash in snapshot metadata not recognized ({bad_block_hash})" expected_error(rpc_details=error_details) self.log.info(" - snapshot file with wrong number of coins") valid_num_coins = int.from_bytes(valid_snapshot_contents[32:32 + 8], "little") for off in [-1, +1]: with open(bad_snapshot_path, 'wb') as f: f.write(valid_snapshot_contents[:32]) f.write((valid_num_coins + off).to_bytes(8, "little")) f.write(valid_snapshot_contents[32 + 8:]) expected_error(log_msg=f"bad snapshot - coins left over after deserializing 298 coins" if off == -1 else f"bad snapshot format or truncated snapshot after deserializing 299 coins") self.log.info(" - snapshot file with alternated UTXO data") cases = [ [b"\xff" * 32, 0, "7d52155c9a9fdc4525b637ef6170568e5dad6fabd0b1fdbb9432010b8453095b"], # wrong outpoint hash [(1).to_bytes(4, "little"), 32, "9f4d897031ab8547665b4153317ae2fdbf0130c7840b66427ebc48b881cb80ad"], # wrong outpoint index [b"\x81", 36, "3da966ba9826fb6d2604260e01607b55ba44e1a5de298606b08704bc62570ea8"], # wrong coin code VARINT((coinbase ? 1 : 0) | (height << 1)) [b"\x80", 36, "091e893b3ccb4334378709578025356c8bcb0a623f37c7c4e493133c988648e5"], # another wrong coin code ] for content, offset, wrong_hash in cases: with open(bad_snapshot_path, "wb") as f: f.write(valid_snapshot_contents[:(32 + 8 + offset)]) f.write(content) f.write(valid_snapshot_contents[(32 + 8 + offset + len(content)):]) expected_error(log_msg=f"[snapshot] bad snapshot content hash: expected a4bf3407ccb2cc0145c49ebba8fa91199f8a3903daf0883875941497d2493c27, got {wrong_hash}") def test_invalid_chainstate_scenarios(self): self.log.info("Test different scenarios of invalid snapshot chainstate in datadir") self.log.info(" - snapshot chainstate referring to a block that is not in the assumeutxo parameters") self.stop_node(0) chainstate_snapshot_path = self.nodes[0].chain_path / "chainstate_snapshot" chainstate_snapshot_path.mkdir() with open(chainstate_snapshot_path / "base_blockhash", 'wb') as f: f.write(b'z' * 32) def expected_error(log_msg="", error_msg=""): with self.nodes[0].assert_debug_log([log_msg]): self.nodes[0].assert_start_raises_init_error(expected_msg=error_msg) expected_error_msg = f"Error: A fatal internal error occurred, see debug.log for details" error_details = f"Assumeutxo data not found for the given blockhash" expected_error(log_msg=error_details, error_msg=expected_error_msg) # resurrect node again rmtree(chainstate_snapshot_path) self.start_node(0) def run_test(self): """ Bring up two (disconnected) nodes, mine some new blocks on the first, and generate a UTXO snapshot. Load the snapshot into the second, ensure it syncs to tip and completes background validation when connected to the first. """ n0 = self.nodes[0] n1 = self.nodes[1] n2 = self.nodes[2] self.mini_wallet = MiniWallet(n0) # Mock time for a deterministic chain for n in self.nodes: n.setmocktime(n.getblockheader(n.getbestblockhash())['time']) self.sync_blocks() # Generate a series of blocks that `n0` will have in the snapshot, # but that n1 doesn't yet see. In order for the snapshot to activate, # though, we have to ferry over the new headers to n1 so that it # isn't waiting forever to see the header of the snapshot's base block # while disconnected from n0. for i in range(100): if i % 3 == 0: self.mini_wallet.send_self_transfer(from_node=n0) self.generate(n0, nblocks=1, sync_fun=self.no_op) newblock = n0.getblock(n0.getbestblockhash(), 0) # make n1 aware of the new header, but don't give it the block. n1.submitheader(newblock) n2.submitheader(newblock) # Ensure everyone is seeing the same headers. for n in self.nodes: assert_equal(n.getblockchaininfo()["headers"], SNAPSHOT_BASE_HEIGHT) self.log.info("-- Testing assumeutxo + some indexes + pruning") assert_equal(n0.getblockcount(), SNAPSHOT_BASE_HEIGHT) assert_equal(n1.getblockcount(), START_HEIGHT) self.log.info(f"Creating a UTXO snapshot at height {SNAPSHOT_BASE_HEIGHT}") dump_output = n0.dumptxoutset('utxos.dat') assert_equal( dump_output['txoutset_hash'], "a4bf3407ccb2cc0145c49ebba8fa91199f8a3903daf0883875941497d2493c27") assert_equal(dump_output["nchaintx"], 334) assert_equal(n0.getblockchaininfo()["blocks"], SNAPSHOT_BASE_HEIGHT) # Mine more blocks on top of the snapshot that n1 hasn't yet seen. This # will allow us to test n1's sync-to-tip on top of a snapshot. self.generate(n0, nblocks=100, sync_fun=self.no_op) assert_equal(n0.getblockcount(), FINAL_HEIGHT) assert_equal(n1.getblockcount(), START_HEIGHT) assert_equal(n0.getblockchaininfo()["blocks"], FINAL_HEIGHT) self.test_invalid_snapshot_scenarios(dump_output['path']) self.test_invalid_chainstate_scenarios() self.log.info(f"Loading snapshot into second node from {dump_output['path']}") loaded = n1.loadtxoutset(dump_output['path']) assert_equal(loaded['coins_loaded'], SNAPSHOT_BASE_HEIGHT) assert_equal(loaded['base_height'], SNAPSHOT_BASE_HEIGHT) normal, snapshot = n1.getchainstates()["chainstates"] assert_equal(normal['blocks'], START_HEIGHT) assert_equal(normal.get('snapshot_blockhash'), None) assert_equal(normal['validated'], True) assert_equal(snapshot['blocks'], SNAPSHOT_BASE_HEIGHT) assert_equal(snapshot['snapshot_blockhash'], dump_output['base_hash']) assert_equal(snapshot['validated'], False) assert_equal(n1.getblockchaininfo()["blocks"], SNAPSHOT_BASE_HEIGHT) self.log.info("Submit a spending transaction for a snapshot chainstate coin to the mempool") # spend the coinbase output of the first block that is not available on node1 spend_coin_blockhash = n1.getblockhash(START_HEIGHT + 1) assert_raises_rpc_error(-1, "Block not found on disk", n1.getblock, spend_coin_blockhash) prev_tx = n0.getblock(spend_coin_blockhash, 3)['tx'][0] prevout = {"txid": prev_tx['txid'], "vout": 0, "scriptPubKey": prev_tx['vout'][0]['scriptPubKey']['hex']} privkey = n0.get_deterministic_priv_key().key raw_tx = n1.createrawtransaction([prevout], {getnewdestination()[2]: 24.99}) signed_tx = n1.signrawtransactionwithkey(raw_tx, [privkey], [prevout])['hex'] signed_txid = tx_from_hex(signed_tx).rehash() assert n1.gettxout(prev_tx['txid'], 0) is not None n1.sendrawtransaction(signed_tx) assert signed_txid in n1.getrawmempool() assert not n1.gettxout(prev_tx['txid'], 0) PAUSE_HEIGHT = FINAL_HEIGHT - 40 self.log.info("Restarting node to stop at height %d", PAUSE_HEIGHT) self.restart_node(1, extra_args=[ f"-stopatheight={PAUSE_HEIGHT}", *self.extra_args[1]]) # Finally connect the nodes and let them sync. # # Set `wait_for_connect=False` to avoid a race between performing connection # assertions and the -stopatheight tripping. self.connect_nodes(0, 1, wait_for_connect=False) n1.wait_until_stopped(timeout=5) self.log.info("Checking that blocks are segmented on disk") assert self.has_blockfile(n1, "00000"), "normal blockfile missing" assert self.has_blockfile(n1, "00001"), "assumed blockfile missing" assert not self.has_blockfile(n1, "00002"), "too many blockfiles" self.log.info("Restarted node before snapshot validation completed, reloading...") self.restart_node(1, extra_args=self.extra_args[1]) self.connect_nodes(0, 1) self.log.info(f"Ensuring snapshot chain syncs to tip. ({FINAL_HEIGHT})") self.wait_until(lambda: n1.getchainstates()['chainstates'][-1]['blocks'] == FINAL_HEIGHT) self.sync_blocks(nodes=(n0, n1)) self.log.info("Ensuring background validation completes") self.wait_until(lambda: len(n1.getchainstates()['chainstates']) == 1) # Ensure indexes have synced. completed_idx_state = { 'basic block filter index': COMPLETE_IDX, 'coinstatsindex': COMPLETE_IDX, } self.wait_until(lambda: n1.getindexinfo() == completed_idx_state) for i in (0, 1): n = self.nodes[i] self.log.info(f"Restarting node {i} to ensure (Check|Load)BlockIndex passes") self.restart_node(i, extra_args=self.extra_args[i]) assert_equal(n.getblockchaininfo()["blocks"], FINAL_HEIGHT) chainstate, = n.getchainstates()['chainstates'] assert_equal(chainstate['blocks'], FINAL_HEIGHT) if i != 0: # Ensure indexes have synced for the assumeutxo node self.wait_until(lambda: n.getindexinfo() == completed_idx_state) # Node 2: all indexes + reindex # ----------------------------- self.log.info("-- Testing all indexes + reindex") assert_equal(n2.getblockcount(), START_HEIGHT) self.log.info(f"Loading snapshot into third node from {dump_output['path']}") loaded = n2.loadtxoutset(dump_output['path']) assert_equal(loaded['coins_loaded'], SNAPSHOT_BASE_HEIGHT) assert_equal(loaded['base_height'], SNAPSHOT_BASE_HEIGHT) normal, snapshot = n2.getchainstates()['chainstates'] assert_equal(normal['blocks'], START_HEIGHT) assert_equal(normal.get('snapshot_blockhash'), None) assert_equal(normal['validated'], True) assert_equal(snapshot['blocks'], SNAPSHOT_BASE_HEIGHT) assert_equal(snapshot['snapshot_blockhash'], dump_output['base_hash']) assert_equal(snapshot['validated'], False) self.connect_nodes(0, 2) self.wait_until(lambda: n2.getchainstates()['chainstates'][-1]['blocks'] == FINAL_HEIGHT) self.sync_blocks() self.log.info("Ensuring background validation completes") self.wait_until(lambda: len(n2.getchainstates()['chainstates']) == 1) completed_idx_state = { 'basic block filter index': COMPLETE_IDX, 'coinstatsindex': COMPLETE_IDX, 'txindex': COMPLETE_IDX, } self.wait_until(lambda: n2.getindexinfo() == completed_idx_state) for i in (0, 2): n = self.nodes[i] self.log.info(f"Restarting node {i} to ensure (Check|Load)BlockIndex passes") self.restart_node(i, extra_args=self.extra_args[i]) assert_equal(n.getblockchaininfo()["blocks"], FINAL_HEIGHT) chainstate, = n.getchainstates()['chainstates'] assert_equal(chainstate['blocks'], FINAL_HEIGHT) if i != 0: # Ensure indexes have synced for the assumeutxo node self.wait_until(lambda: n.getindexinfo() == completed_idx_state) self.log.info("Test -reindex-chainstate of an assumeutxo-synced node") self.restart_node(2, extra_args=[ '-reindex-chainstate=1', *self.extra_args[2]]) assert_equal(n2.getblockchaininfo()["blocks"], FINAL_HEIGHT) self.wait_until(lambda: n2.getblockcount() == FINAL_HEIGHT) self.log.info("Test -reindex of an assumeutxo-synced node") self.restart_node(2, extra_args=['-reindex=1', *self.extra_args[2]]) self.connect_nodes(0, 2) self.wait_until(lambda: n2.getblockcount() == FINAL_HEIGHT) if __name__ == '__main__': AssumeutxoTest().main()