// Copyright (c) 2009-2022 The Bitcoin Core developers // Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying // file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php. #ifndef BITCOIN_NETADDRESS_H #define BITCOIN_NETADDRESS_H #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include /** * A network type. * @note An address may belong to more than one network, for example `10.0.0.1` * belongs to both `NET_UNROUTABLE` and `NET_IPV4`. * Keep these sequential starting from 0 and `NET_MAX` as the last entry. * We have loops like `for (int i = 0; i < NET_MAX; ++i)` that expect to iterate * over all enum values and also `GetExtNetwork()` "extends" this enum by * introducing standalone constants starting from `NET_MAX`. */ enum Network { /// Addresses from these networks are not publicly routable on the global Internet. NET_UNROUTABLE = 0, /// IPv4 NET_IPV4, /// IPv6 NET_IPV6, /// TOR (v2 or v3) NET_ONION, /// I2P NET_I2P, /// CJDNS NET_CJDNS, /// A set of addresses that represent the hash of a string or FQDN. We use /// them in AddrMan to keep track of which DNS seeds were used. NET_INTERNAL, /// Dummy value to indicate the number of NET_* constants. NET_MAX, }; /// Prefix of an IPv6 address when it contains an embedded IPv4 address. /// Used when (un)serializing addresses in ADDRv1 format (pre-BIP155). static const std::array IPV4_IN_IPV6_PREFIX{ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF}; /// Prefix of an IPv6 address when it contains an embedded TORv2 address. /// Used when (un)serializing addresses in ADDRv1 format (pre-BIP155). /// Such dummy IPv6 addresses are guaranteed to not be publicly routable as they /// fall under RFC4193's fc00::/7 subnet allocated to unique-local addresses. static const std::array TORV2_IN_IPV6_PREFIX{ 0xFD, 0x87, 0xD8, 0x7E, 0xEB, 0x43}; /// Prefix of an IPv6 address when it contains an embedded "internal" address. /// Used when (un)serializing addresses in ADDRv1 format (pre-BIP155). /// The prefix comes from 0xFD + SHA256("bitcoin")[0:5]. /// Such dummy IPv6 addresses are guaranteed to not be publicly routable as they /// fall under RFC4193's fc00::/7 subnet allocated to unique-local addresses. static const std::array INTERNAL_IN_IPV6_PREFIX{ 0xFD, 0x6B, 0x88, 0xC0, 0x87, 0x24 // 0xFD + sha256("bitcoin")[0:5]. }; /// All CJDNS addresses start with 0xFC. See /// https://github.com/cjdelisle/cjdns/blob/master/doc/Whitepaper.md#pulling-it-all-together static constexpr uint8_t CJDNS_PREFIX{0xFC}; /// Size of IPv4 address (in bytes). static constexpr size_t ADDR_IPV4_SIZE = 4; /// Size of IPv6 address (in bytes). static constexpr size_t ADDR_IPV6_SIZE = 16; /// Size of TORv3 address (in bytes). This is the length of just the address /// as used in BIP155, without the checksum and the version byte. static constexpr size_t ADDR_TORV3_SIZE = 32; /// Size of I2P address (in bytes). static constexpr size_t ADDR_I2P_SIZE = 32; /// Size of CJDNS address (in bytes). static constexpr size_t ADDR_CJDNS_SIZE = 16; /// Size of "internal" (NET_INTERNAL) address (in bytes). static constexpr size_t ADDR_INTERNAL_SIZE = 10; /// SAM 3.1 and earlier do not support specifying ports and force the port to 0. static constexpr uint16_t I2P_SAM31_PORT{0}; std::string OnionToString(Span addr); /** * Network address. */ class CNetAddr { protected: /** * Raw representation of the network address. * In network byte order (big endian) for IPv4 and IPv6. */ prevector m_addr{ADDR_IPV6_SIZE, 0x0}; /** * Network to which this address belongs. */ Network m_net{NET_IPV6}; /** * Scope id if scoped/link-local IPV6 address. * See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4007 */ uint32_t m_scope_id{0}; public: CNetAddr(); explicit CNetAddr(const struct in_addr& ipv4Addr); void SetIP(const CNetAddr& ip); /** * Set from a legacy IPv6 address. * Legacy IPv6 address may be a normal IPv6 address, or another address * (e.g. IPv4) disguised as IPv6. This encoding is used in the legacy * `addr` encoding. */ void SetLegacyIPv6(Span ipv6); bool SetInternal(const std::string& name); /** * Parse a Tor or I2P address and set this object to it. * @param[in] addr Address to parse, for example * pg6mmjiyjmcrsslvykfwnntlaru7p5svn6y2ymmju6nubxndf4pscryd.onion or * ukeu3k5oycgaauneqgtnvselmt4yemvoilkln7jpvamvfx7dnkdq.b32.i2p. * @returns Whether the operation was successful. * @see CNetAddr::IsTor(), CNetAddr::IsI2P() */ bool SetSpecial(const std::string& addr); bool IsBindAny() const; // INADDR_ANY equivalent [[nodiscard]] bool IsIPv4() const { return m_net == NET_IPV4; } // IPv4 mapped address (::FFFF:0:0/96, 0.0.0.0/0) [[nodiscard]] bool IsIPv6() const { return m_net == NET_IPV6; } // IPv6 address (not mapped IPv4, not Tor) bool IsRFC1918() const; // IPv4 private networks (10.0.0.0/8, 192.168.0.0/16, 172.16.0.0/12) bool IsRFC2544() const; // IPv4 inter-network communications (198.18.0.0/15) bool IsRFC6598() const; // IPv4 ISP-level NAT (100.64.0.0/10) bool IsRFC5737() const; // IPv4 documentation addresses (192.0.2.0/24, 198.51.100.0/24, 203.0.113.0/24) bool IsRFC3849() const; // IPv6 documentation address (2001:0DB8::/32) bool IsRFC3927() const; // IPv4 autoconfig (169.254.0.0/16) bool IsRFC3964() const; // IPv6 6to4 tunnelling (2002::/16) bool IsRFC4193() const; // IPv6 unique local (FC00::/7) bool IsRFC4380() const; // IPv6 Teredo tunnelling (2001::/32) bool IsRFC4843() const; // IPv6 ORCHID (deprecated) (2001:10::/28) bool IsRFC7343() const; // IPv6 ORCHIDv2 (2001:20::/28) bool IsRFC4862() const; // IPv6 autoconfig (FE80::/64) bool IsRFC6052() const; // IPv6 well-known prefix for IPv4-embedded address (64:FF9B::/96) bool IsRFC6145() const; // IPv6 IPv4-translated address (::FFFF:0:0:0/96) (actually defined in RFC2765) bool IsHeNet() const; // IPv6 Hurricane Electric - https://he.net (2001:0470::/36) [[nodiscard]] bool IsTor() const { return m_net == NET_ONION; } [[nodiscard]] bool IsI2P() const { return m_net == NET_I2P; } [[nodiscard]] bool IsCJDNS() const { return m_net == NET_CJDNS; } [[nodiscard]] bool HasCJDNSPrefix() const { return m_addr[0] == CJDNS_PREFIX; } bool IsLocal() const; bool IsRoutable() const; bool IsInternal() const; bool IsValid() const; /** * Whether this object is a privacy network. * TODO: consider adding IsCJDNS() here when more peers adopt CJDNS, see: * https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/27411#issuecomment-1497176155 */ [[nodiscard]] bool IsPrivacyNet() const { return IsTor() || IsI2P(); } /** * Check if the current object can be serialized in pre-ADDRv2/BIP155 format. */ bool IsAddrV1Compatible() const; enum Network GetNetwork() const; std::string ToStringAddr() const; bool GetInAddr(struct in_addr* pipv4Addr) const; Network GetNetClass() const; //! For IPv4, mapped IPv4, SIIT translated IPv4, Teredo, 6to4 tunneled addresses, return the relevant IPv4 address as a uint32. uint32_t GetLinkedIPv4() const; //! Whether this address has a linked IPv4 address (see GetLinkedIPv4()). bool HasLinkedIPv4() const; std::vector GetAddrBytes() const; int GetReachabilityFrom(const CNetAddr& paddrPartner) const; explicit CNetAddr(const struct in6_addr& pipv6Addr, const uint32_t scope = 0); bool GetIn6Addr(struct in6_addr* pipv6Addr) const; friend bool operator==(const CNetAddr& a, const CNetAddr& b); friend bool operator!=(const CNetAddr& a, const CNetAddr& b) { return !(a == b); } friend bool operator<(const CNetAddr& a, const CNetAddr& b); /** * Whether this address should be relayed to other peers even if we can't reach it ourselves. */ bool IsRelayable() const { return IsIPv4() || IsIPv6() || IsTor() || IsI2P() || IsCJDNS(); } enum class Encoding { V1, V2, //!< BIP155 encoding }; struct SerParams { const Encoding enc; SER_PARAMS_OPFUNC }; static constexpr SerParams V1{Encoding::V1}; static constexpr SerParams V2{Encoding::V2}; /** * Serialize to a stream. */ template void Serialize(Stream& s) const { if (s.template GetParams().enc == Encoding::V2) { SerializeV2Stream(s); } else { SerializeV1Stream(s); } } /** * Unserialize from a stream. */ template void Unserialize(Stream& s) { if (s.template GetParams().enc == Encoding::V2) { UnserializeV2Stream(s); } else { UnserializeV1Stream(s); } } /** * BIP155 network ids recognized by this software. */ enum BIP155Network : uint8_t { IPV4 = 1, IPV6 = 2, TORV2 = 3, TORV3 = 4, I2P = 5, CJDNS = 6, }; friend class CSubNet; private: /** * Parse a Tor address and set this object to it. * @param[in] addr Address to parse, must be a valid C string, for example * pg6mmjiyjmcrsslvykfwnntlaru7p5svn6y2ymmju6nubxndf4pscryd.onion. * @returns Whether the operation was successful. * @see CNetAddr::IsTor() */ bool SetTor(const std::string& addr); /** * Parse an I2P address and set this object to it. * @param[in] addr Address to parse, must be a valid C string, for example * ukeu3k5oycgaauneqgtnvselmt4yemvoilkln7jpvamvfx7dnkdq.b32.i2p. * @returns Whether the operation was successful. * @see CNetAddr::IsI2P() */ bool SetI2P(const std::string& addr); /** * Size of CNetAddr when serialized as ADDRv1 (pre-BIP155) (in bytes). */ static constexpr size_t V1_SERIALIZATION_SIZE = ADDR_IPV6_SIZE; /** * Maximum size of an address as defined in BIP155 (in bytes). * This is only the size of the address, not the entire CNetAddr object * when serialized. */ static constexpr size_t MAX_ADDRV2_SIZE = 512; /** * Get the BIP155 network id of this address. * Must not be called for IsInternal() objects. * @returns BIP155 network id, except TORV2 which is no longer supported. */ BIP155Network GetBIP155Network() const; /** * Set `m_net` from the provided BIP155 network id and size after validation. * @retval true the network was recognized, is valid and `m_net` was set * @retval false not recognised (from future?) and should be silently ignored * @throws std::ios_base::failure if the network is one of the BIP155 founding * networks (id 1..6) with wrong address size. */ bool SetNetFromBIP155Network(uint8_t possible_bip155_net, size_t address_size); /** * Serialize in pre-ADDRv2/BIP155 format to an array. */ void SerializeV1Array(uint8_t (&arr)[V1_SERIALIZATION_SIZE]) const { size_t prefix_size; switch (m_net) { case NET_IPV6: assert(m_addr.size() == sizeof(arr)); memcpy(arr, m_addr.data(), m_addr.size()); return; case NET_IPV4: prefix_size = sizeof(IPV4_IN_IPV6_PREFIX); assert(prefix_size + m_addr.size() == sizeof(arr)); memcpy(arr, IPV4_IN_IPV6_PREFIX.data(), prefix_size); memcpy(arr + prefix_size, m_addr.data(), m_addr.size()); return; case NET_INTERNAL: prefix_size = sizeof(INTERNAL_IN_IPV6_PREFIX); assert(prefix_size + m_addr.size() == sizeof(arr)); memcpy(arr, INTERNAL_IN_IPV6_PREFIX.data(), prefix_size); memcpy(arr + prefix_size, m_addr.data(), m_addr.size()); return; case NET_ONION: case NET_I2P: case NET_CJDNS: break; case NET_UNROUTABLE: case NET_MAX: assert(false); } // no default case, so the compiler can warn about missing cases // Serialize ONION, I2P and CJDNS as all-zeros. memset(arr, 0x0, V1_SERIALIZATION_SIZE); } /** * Serialize in pre-ADDRv2/BIP155 format to a stream. */ template void SerializeV1Stream(Stream& s) const { uint8_t serialized[V1_SERIALIZATION_SIZE]; SerializeV1Array(serialized); s << serialized; } /** * Serialize as ADDRv2 / BIP155. */ template void SerializeV2Stream(Stream& s) const { if (IsInternal()) { // Serialize NET_INTERNAL as embedded in IPv6. We need to // serialize such addresses from addrman. s << static_cast(BIP155Network::IPV6); s << COMPACTSIZE(ADDR_IPV6_SIZE); SerializeV1Stream(s); return; } s << static_cast(GetBIP155Network()); s << m_addr; } /** * Unserialize from a pre-ADDRv2/BIP155 format from an array. * * This function is only called from UnserializeV1Stream() and is a wrapper * for SetLegacyIPv6(); however, we keep it for symmetry with * SerializeV1Array() to have pairs of ser/unser functions and to make clear * that if one is altered, a corresponding reverse modification should be * applied to the other. */ void UnserializeV1Array(uint8_t (&arr)[V1_SERIALIZATION_SIZE]) { // Use SetLegacyIPv6() so that m_net is set correctly. For example // ::FFFF:0102:0304 should be set as m_net=NET_IPV4 (1.2.3.4). SetLegacyIPv6(arr); } /** * Unserialize from a pre-ADDRv2/BIP155 format from a stream. */ template void UnserializeV1Stream(Stream& s) { uint8_t serialized[V1_SERIALIZATION_SIZE]; s >> serialized; UnserializeV1Array(serialized); } /** * Unserialize from a ADDRv2 / BIP155 format. */ template void UnserializeV2Stream(Stream& s) { uint8_t bip155_net; s >> bip155_net; size_t address_size; s >> COMPACTSIZE(address_size); if (address_size > MAX_ADDRV2_SIZE) { throw std::ios_base::failure(strprintf( "Address too long: %u > %u", address_size, MAX_ADDRV2_SIZE)); } m_scope_id = 0; if (SetNetFromBIP155Network(bip155_net, address_size)) { m_addr.resize(address_size); s >> Span{m_addr}; if (m_net != NET_IPV6) { return; } // Do some special checks on IPv6 addresses. // Recognize NET_INTERNAL embedded in IPv6, such addresses are not // gossiped but could be coming from addrman, when unserializing from // disk. if (util::HasPrefix(m_addr, INTERNAL_IN_IPV6_PREFIX)) { m_net = NET_INTERNAL; memmove(m_addr.data(), m_addr.data() + INTERNAL_IN_IPV6_PREFIX.size(), ADDR_INTERNAL_SIZE); m_addr.resize(ADDR_INTERNAL_SIZE); return; } if (!util::HasPrefix(m_addr, IPV4_IN_IPV6_PREFIX) && !util::HasPrefix(m_addr, TORV2_IN_IPV6_PREFIX)) { return; } // IPv4 and TORv2 are not supposed to be embedded in IPv6 (like in V1 // encoding). Unserialize as !IsValid(), thus ignoring them. } else { // If we receive an unknown BIP155 network id (from the future?) then // ignore the address - unserialize as !IsValid(). s.ignore(address_size); } // Mimic a default-constructed CNetAddr object which is !IsValid() and thus // will not be gossiped, but continue reading next addresses from the stream. m_net = NET_IPV6; m_addr.assign(ADDR_IPV6_SIZE, 0x0); } }; class CSubNet { protected: /// Network (base) address CNetAddr network; /// Netmask, in network byte order uint8_t netmask[16]; /// Is this value valid? (only used to signal parse errors) bool valid; public: /** * Construct an invalid subnet (empty, `Match()` always returns false). */ CSubNet(); /** * Construct from a given network start and number of bits (CIDR mask). * @param[in] addr Network start. Must be IPv4 or IPv6, otherwise an invalid subnet is * created. * @param[in] mask CIDR mask, must be in [0, 32] for IPv4 addresses and in [0, 128] for * IPv6 addresses. Otherwise an invalid subnet is created. */ CSubNet(const CNetAddr& addr, uint8_t mask); /** * Construct from a given network start and mask. * @param[in] addr Network start. Must be IPv4 or IPv6, otherwise an invalid subnet is * created. * @param[in] mask Network mask, must be of the same type as `addr` and not contain 0-bits * followed by 1-bits. Otherwise an invalid subnet is created. */ CSubNet(const CNetAddr& addr, const CNetAddr& mask); /** * Construct a single-host subnet. * @param[in] addr The sole address to be contained in the subnet, can also be non-IPv[46]. */ explicit CSubNet(const CNetAddr& addr); bool Match(const CNetAddr& addr) const; std::string ToString() const; bool IsValid() const; friend bool operator==(const CSubNet& a, const CSubNet& b); friend bool operator!=(const CSubNet& a, const CSubNet& b) { return !(a == b); } friend bool operator<(const CSubNet& a, const CSubNet& b); }; /** A combination of a network address (CNetAddr) and a (TCP) port */ class CService : public CNetAddr { protected: uint16_t port; // host order public: CService(); CService(const CNetAddr& ip, uint16_t port); CService(const struct in_addr& ipv4Addr, uint16_t port); explicit CService(const struct sockaddr_in& addr); uint16_t GetPort() const; bool GetSockAddr(struct sockaddr* paddr, socklen_t* addrlen) const; bool SetSockAddr(const struct sockaddr* paddr); /** * Get the address family * @returns AF_UNSPEC if unspecified */ [[nodiscard]] sa_family_t GetSAFamily() const; friend bool operator==(const CService& a, const CService& b); friend bool operator!=(const CService& a, const CService& b) { return !(a == b); } friend bool operator<(const CService& a, const CService& b); std::vector GetKey() const; std::string ToStringAddrPort() const; CService(const struct in6_addr& ipv6Addr, uint16_t port); explicit CService(const struct sockaddr_in6& addr); SERIALIZE_METHODS(CService, obj) { READWRITE(AsBase(obj), Using>(obj.port)); } friend class CServiceHash; friend CService MaybeFlipIPv6toCJDNS(const CService& service); }; class CServiceHash { public: CServiceHash() : m_salt_k0{FastRandomContext().rand64()}, m_salt_k1{FastRandomContext().rand64()} { } CServiceHash(uint64_t salt_k0, uint64_t salt_k1) : m_salt_k0{salt_k0}, m_salt_k1{salt_k1} {} size_t operator()(const CService& a) const noexcept { CSipHasher hasher(m_salt_k0, m_salt_k1); hasher.Write(a.m_net); hasher.Write(a.port); hasher.Write(a.m_addr); return static_cast(hasher.Finalize()); } private: const uint64_t m_salt_k0; const uint64_t m_salt_k1; }; #endif // BITCOIN_NETADDRESS_H