// Copyright (c) 2015-2016 The Bitcoin Core developers // Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying // file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php. #include "httpserver.h" #include "chainparamsbase.h" #include "compat.h" #include "util.h" #include "utilstrencodings.h" #include "netbase.h" #include "rpc/protocol.h" // For HTTP status codes #include "sync.h" #include "ui_interface.h" #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include "support/events.h" #ifdef EVENT__HAVE_NETINET_IN_H #include #ifdef _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED #include #endif #endif /** Maximum size of http request (request line + headers) */ static const size_t MAX_HEADERS_SIZE = 8192; /** HTTP request work item */ class HTTPWorkItem : public HTTPClosure { public: HTTPWorkItem(std::unique_ptr _req, const std::string &_path, const HTTPRequestHandler& _func): req(std::move(_req)), path(_path), func(_func) { } void operator()() override { func(req.get(), path); } std::unique_ptr req; private: std::string path; HTTPRequestHandler func; }; /** Simple work queue for distributing work over multiple threads. * Work items are simply callable objects. */ template class WorkQueue { private: /** Mutex protects entire object */ std::mutex cs; std::condition_variable cond; std::deque> queue; bool running; size_t maxDepth; int numThreads; /** RAII object to keep track of number of running worker threads */ class ThreadCounter { public: WorkQueue &wq; explicit ThreadCounter(WorkQueue &w): wq(w) { std::lock_guard lock(wq.cs); wq.numThreads += 1; } ~ThreadCounter() { std::lock_guard lock(wq.cs); wq.numThreads -= 1; wq.cond.notify_all(); } }; public: explicit WorkQueue(size_t _maxDepth) : running(true), maxDepth(_maxDepth), numThreads(0) { } /** Precondition: worker threads have all stopped * (call WaitExit) */ ~WorkQueue() { } /** Enqueue a work item */ bool Enqueue(WorkItem* item) { std::unique_lock lock(cs); if (queue.size() >= maxDepth) { return false; } queue.emplace_back(std::unique_ptr(item)); cond.notify_one(); return true; } /** Thread function */ void Run() { ThreadCounter count(*this); while (true) { std::unique_ptr i; { std::unique_lock lock(cs); while (running && queue.empty()) cond.wait(lock); if (!running) break; i = std::move(queue.front()); queue.pop_front(); } (*i)(); } } /** Interrupt and exit loops */ void Interrupt() { std::unique_lock lock(cs); running = false; cond.notify_all(); } /** Wait for worker threads to exit */ void WaitExit() { std::unique_lock lock(cs); while (numThreads > 0) cond.wait(lock); } }; struct HTTPPathHandler { HTTPPathHandler() {} HTTPPathHandler(std::string _prefix, bool _exactMatch, HTTPRequestHandler _handler): prefix(_prefix), exactMatch(_exactMatch), handler(_handler) { } std::string prefix; bool exactMatch; HTTPRequestHandler handler; }; /** HTTP module state */ //! libevent event loop static struct event_base* eventBase = nullptr; //! HTTP server struct evhttp* eventHTTP = nullptr; //! List of subnets to allow RPC connections from static std::vector rpc_allow_subnets; //! Work queue for handling longer requests off the event loop thread static WorkQueue* workQueue = nullptr; //! Handlers for (sub)paths std::vector pathHandlers; //! Bound listening sockets std::vector boundSockets; /** Check if a network address is allowed to access the HTTP server */ static bool ClientAllowed(const CNetAddr& netaddr) { if (!netaddr.IsValid()) return false; for(const CSubNet& subnet : rpc_allow_subnets) if (subnet.Match(netaddr)) return true; return false; } /** Initialize ACL list for HTTP server */ static bool InitHTTPAllowList() { rpc_allow_subnets.clear(); CNetAddr localv4; CNetAddr localv6; LookupHost("127.0.0.1", localv4, false); LookupHost("::1", localv6, false); rpc_allow_subnets.push_back(CSubNet(localv4, 8)); // always allow IPv4 local subnet rpc_allow_subnets.push_back(CSubNet(localv6)); // always allow IPv6 localhost for (const std::string& strAllow : gArgs.GetArgs("-rpcallowip")) { CSubNet subnet; LookupSubNet(strAllow.c_str(), subnet); if (!subnet.IsValid()) { uiInterface.ThreadSafeMessageBox( strprintf("Invalid -rpcallowip subnet specification: %s. Valid are a single IP (e.g. 1.2.3.4), a network/netmask (e.g. 1.2.3.4/255.255.255.0) or a network/CIDR (e.g. 1.2.3.4/24).", strAllow), "", CClientUIInterface::MSG_ERROR); return false; } rpc_allow_subnets.push_back(subnet); } std::string strAllowed; for (const CSubNet& subnet : rpc_allow_subnets) strAllowed += subnet.ToString() + " "; LogPrint(BCLog::HTTP, "Allowing HTTP connections from: %s\n", strAllowed); return true; } /** HTTP request method as string - use for logging only */ static std::string RequestMethodString(HTTPRequest::RequestMethod m) { switch (m) { case HTTPRequest::GET: return "GET"; break; case HTTPRequest::POST: return "POST"; break; case HTTPRequest::HEAD: return "HEAD"; break; case HTTPRequest::PUT: return "PUT"; break; default: return "unknown"; } } /** HTTP request callback */ static void http_request_cb(struct evhttp_request* req, void* arg) { std::unique_ptr hreq(new HTTPRequest(req)); LogPrint(BCLog::HTTP, "Received a %s request for %s from %s\n", RequestMethodString(hreq->GetRequestMethod()), hreq->GetURI(), hreq->GetPeer().ToString()); // Early address-based allow check if (!ClientAllowed(hreq->GetPeer())) { hreq->WriteReply(HTTP_FORBIDDEN); return; } // Early reject unknown HTTP methods if (hreq->GetRequestMethod() == HTTPRequest::UNKNOWN) { hreq->WriteReply(HTTP_BADMETHOD); return; } // Find registered handler for prefix std::string strURI = hreq->GetURI(); std::string path; std::vector::const_iterator i = pathHandlers.begin(); std::vector::const_iterator iend = pathHandlers.end(); for (; i != iend; ++i) { bool match = false; if (i->exactMatch) match = (strURI == i->prefix); else match = (strURI.substr(0, i->prefix.size()) == i->prefix); if (match) { path = strURI.substr(i->prefix.size()); break; } } // Dispatch to worker thread if (i != iend) { std::unique_ptr item(new HTTPWorkItem(std::move(hreq), path, i->handler)); assert(workQueue); if (workQueue->Enqueue(item.get())) item.release(); /* if true, queue took ownership */ else { LogPrintf("WARNING: request rejected because http work queue depth exceeded, it can be increased with the -rpcworkqueue= setting\n"); item->req->WriteReply(HTTP_INTERNAL, "Work queue depth exceeded"); } } else { hreq->WriteReply(HTTP_NOTFOUND); } } /** Callback to reject HTTP requests after shutdown. */ static void http_reject_request_cb(struct evhttp_request* req, void*) { LogPrint(BCLog::HTTP, "Rejecting request while shutting down\n"); evhttp_send_error(req, HTTP_SERVUNAVAIL, nullptr); } /** Event dispatcher thread */ static bool ThreadHTTP(struct event_base* base, struct evhttp* http) { RenameThread("bitcoin-http"); LogPrint(BCLog::HTTP, "Entering http event loop\n"); event_base_dispatch(base); // Event loop will be interrupted by InterruptHTTPServer() LogPrint(BCLog::HTTP, "Exited http event loop\n"); return event_base_got_break(base) == 0; } /** Bind HTTP server to specified addresses */ static bool HTTPBindAddresses(struct evhttp* http) { int defaultPort = gArgs.GetArg("-rpcport", BaseParams().RPCPort()); std::vector > endpoints; // Determine what addresses to bind to if (!gArgs.IsArgSet("-rpcallowip")) { // Default to loopback if not allowing external IPs endpoints.push_back(std::make_pair("::1", defaultPort)); endpoints.push_back(std::make_pair("127.0.0.1", defaultPort)); if (gArgs.IsArgSet("-rpcbind")) { LogPrintf("WARNING: option -rpcbind was ignored because -rpcallowip was not specified, refusing to allow everyone to connect\n"); } } else if (gArgs.IsArgSet("-rpcbind")) { // Specific bind address for (const std::string& strRPCBind : gArgs.GetArgs("-rpcbind")) { int port = defaultPort; std::string host; SplitHostPort(strRPCBind, port, host); endpoints.push_back(std::make_pair(host, port)); } } else { // No specific bind address specified, bind to any endpoints.push_back(std::make_pair("::", defaultPort)); endpoints.push_back(std::make_pair("0.0.0.0", defaultPort)); } // Bind addresses for (std::vector >::iterator i = endpoints.begin(); i != endpoints.end(); ++i) { LogPrint(BCLog::HTTP, "Binding RPC on address %s port %i\n", i->first, i->second); evhttp_bound_socket *bind_handle = evhttp_bind_socket_with_handle(http, i->first.empty() ? nullptr : i->first.c_str(), i->second); if (bind_handle) { boundSockets.push_back(bind_handle); } else { LogPrintf("Binding RPC on address %s port %i failed.\n", i->first, i->second); } } return !boundSockets.empty(); } /** Simple wrapper to set thread name and run work queue */ static void HTTPWorkQueueRun(WorkQueue* queue) { RenameThread("bitcoin-httpworker"); queue->Run(); } /** libevent event log callback */ static void libevent_log_cb(int severity, const char *msg) { #ifndef EVENT_LOG_WARN // EVENT_LOG_WARN was added in 2.0.19; but before then _EVENT_LOG_WARN existed. # define EVENT_LOG_WARN _EVENT_LOG_WARN #endif if (severity >= EVENT_LOG_WARN) // Log warn messages and higher without debug category LogPrintf("libevent: %s\n", msg); else LogPrint(BCLog::LIBEVENT, "libevent: %s\n", msg); } bool InitHTTPServer() { if (!InitHTTPAllowList()) return false; if (gArgs.GetBoolArg("-rpcssl", false)) { uiInterface.ThreadSafeMessageBox( "SSL mode for RPC (-rpcssl) is no longer supported.", "", CClientUIInterface::MSG_ERROR); return false; } // Redirect libevent's logging to our own log event_set_log_callback(&libevent_log_cb); // Update libevent's log handling. Returns false if our version of // libevent doesn't support debug logging, in which case we should // clear the BCLog::LIBEVENT flag. if (!UpdateHTTPServerLogging(logCategories & BCLog::LIBEVENT)) { logCategories &= ~BCLog::LIBEVENT; } #ifdef WIN32 evthread_use_windows_threads(); #else evthread_use_pthreads(); #endif raii_event_base base_ctr = obtain_event_base(); /* Create a new evhttp object to handle requests. */ raii_evhttp http_ctr = obtain_evhttp(base_ctr.get()); struct evhttp* http = http_ctr.get(); if (!http) { LogPrintf("couldn't create evhttp. Exiting.\n"); return false; } evhttp_set_timeout(http, gArgs.GetArg("-rpcservertimeout", DEFAULT_HTTP_SERVER_TIMEOUT)); evhttp_set_max_headers_size(http, MAX_HEADERS_SIZE); evhttp_set_max_body_size(http, MAX_SIZE); evhttp_set_gencb(http, http_request_cb, nullptr); if (!HTTPBindAddresses(http)) { LogPrintf("Unable to bind any endpoint for RPC server\n"); return false; } LogPrint(BCLog::HTTP, "Initialized HTTP server\n"); int workQueueDepth = std::max((long)gArgs.GetArg("-rpcworkqueue", DEFAULT_HTTP_WORKQUEUE), 1L); LogPrintf("HTTP: creating work queue of depth %d\n", workQueueDepth); workQueue = new WorkQueue(workQueueDepth); // transfer ownership to eventBase/HTTP via .release() eventBase = base_ctr.release(); eventHTTP = http_ctr.release(); return true; } bool UpdateHTTPServerLogging(bool enable) { #if LIBEVENT_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x02010100 if (enable) { event_enable_debug_logging(EVENT_DBG_ALL); } else { event_enable_debug_logging(EVENT_DBG_NONE); } return true; #else // Can't update libevent logging if version < 02010100 return false; #endif } std::thread threadHTTP; std::future threadResult; bool StartHTTPServer() { LogPrint(BCLog::HTTP, "Starting HTTP server\n"); int rpcThreads = std::max((long)gArgs.GetArg("-rpcthreads", DEFAULT_HTTP_THREADS), 1L); LogPrintf("HTTP: starting %d worker threads\n", rpcThreads); std::packaged_task task(ThreadHTTP); threadResult = task.get_future(); threadHTTP = std::thread(std::move(task), eventBase, eventHTTP); for (int i = 0; i < rpcThreads; i++) { std::thread rpc_worker(HTTPWorkQueueRun, workQueue); rpc_worker.detach(); } return true; } void InterruptHTTPServer() { LogPrint(BCLog::HTTP, "Interrupting HTTP server\n"); if (eventHTTP) { // Unlisten sockets for (evhttp_bound_socket *socket : boundSockets) { evhttp_del_accept_socket(eventHTTP, socket); } // Reject requests on current connections evhttp_set_gencb(eventHTTP, http_reject_request_cb, nullptr); } if (workQueue) workQueue->Interrupt(); } void StopHTTPServer() { LogPrint(BCLog::HTTP, "Stopping HTTP server\n"); if (workQueue) { LogPrint(BCLog::HTTP, "Waiting for HTTP worker threads to exit\n"); workQueue->WaitExit(); delete workQueue; workQueue = nullptr; } if (eventBase) { LogPrint(BCLog::HTTP, "Waiting for HTTP event thread to exit\n"); // Give event loop a few seconds to exit (to send back last RPC responses), then break it // Before this was solved with event_base_loopexit, but that didn't work as expected in // at least libevent 2.0.21 and always introduced a delay. In libevent // master that appears to be solved, so in the future that solution // could be used again (if desirable). // (see discussion in https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/6990) if (threadResult.valid() && threadResult.wait_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2000)) == std::future_status::timeout) { LogPrintf("HTTP event loop did not exit within allotted time, sending loopbreak\n"); event_base_loopbreak(eventBase); } threadHTTP.join(); } if (eventHTTP) { evhttp_free(eventHTTP); eventHTTP = nullptr; } if (eventBase) { event_base_free(eventBase); eventBase = nullptr; } LogPrint(BCLog::HTTP, "Stopped HTTP server\n"); } struct event_base* EventBase() { return eventBase; } static void httpevent_callback_fn(evutil_socket_t, short, void* data) { // Static handler: simply call inner handler HTTPEvent *self = ((HTTPEvent*)data); self->handler(); if (self->deleteWhenTriggered) delete self; } HTTPEvent::HTTPEvent(struct event_base* base, bool _deleteWhenTriggered, const std::function& _handler): deleteWhenTriggered(_deleteWhenTriggered), handler(_handler) { ev = event_new(base, -1, 0, httpevent_callback_fn, this); assert(ev); } HTTPEvent::~HTTPEvent() { event_free(ev); } void HTTPEvent::trigger(struct timeval* tv) { if (tv == nullptr) event_active(ev, 0, 0); // immediately trigger event in main thread else evtimer_add(ev, tv); // trigger after timeval passed } HTTPRequest::HTTPRequest(struct evhttp_request* _req) : req(_req), replySent(false) { } HTTPRequest::~HTTPRequest() { if (!replySent) { // Keep track of whether reply was sent to avoid request leaks LogPrintf("%s: Unhandled request\n", __func__); WriteReply(HTTP_INTERNAL, "Unhandled request"); } // evhttpd cleans up the request, as long as a reply was sent. } std::pair HTTPRequest::GetHeader(const std::string& hdr) { const struct evkeyvalq* headers = evhttp_request_get_input_headers(req); assert(headers); const char* val = evhttp_find_header(headers, hdr.c_str()); if (val) return std::make_pair(true, val); else return std::make_pair(false, ""); } std::string HTTPRequest::ReadBody() { struct evbuffer* buf = evhttp_request_get_input_buffer(req); if (!buf) return ""; size_t size = evbuffer_get_length(buf); /** Trivial implementation: if this is ever a performance bottleneck, * internal copying can be avoided in multi-segment buffers by using * evbuffer_peek and an awkward loop. Though in that case, it'd be even * better to not copy into an intermediate string but use a stream * abstraction to consume the evbuffer on the fly in the parsing algorithm. */ const char* data = (const char*)evbuffer_pullup(buf, size); if (!data) // returns nullptr in case of empty buffer return ""; std::string rv(data, size); evbuffer_drain(buf, size); return rv; } void HTTPRequest::WriteHeader(const std::string& hdr, const std::string& value) { struct evkeyvalq* headers = evhttp_request_get_output_headers(req); assert(headers); evhttp_add_header(headers, hdr.c_str(), value.c_str()); } /** Closure sent to main thread to request a reply to be sent to * a HTTP request. * Replies must be sent in the main loop in the main http thread, * this cannot be done from worker threads. */ void HTTPRequest::WriteReply(int nStatus, const std::string& strReply) { assert(!replySent && req); // Send event to main http thread to send reply message struct evbuffer* evb = evhttp_request_get_output_buffer(req); assert(evb); evbuffer_add(evb, strReply.data(), strReply.size()); HTTPEvent* ev = new HTTPEvent(eventBase, true, std::bind(evhttp_send_reply, req, nStatus, (const char*)nullptr, (struct evbuffer *)nullptr)); ev->trigger(nullptr); replySent = true; req = nullptr; // transferred back to main thread } CService HTTPRequest::GetPeer() { evhttp_connection* con = evhttp_request_get_connection(req); CService peer; if (con) { // evhttp retains ownership over returned address string const char* address = ""; uint16_t port = 0; evhttp_connection_get_peer(con, (char**)&address, &port); peer = LookupNumeric(address, port); } return peer; } std::string HTTPRequest::GetURI() { return evhttp_request_get_uri(req); } HTTPRequest::RequestMethod HTTPRequest::GetRequestMethod() { switch (evhttp_request_get_command(req)) { case EVHTTP_REQ_GET: return GET; break; case EVHTTP_REQ_POST: return POST; break; case EVHTTP_REQ_HEAD: return HEAD; break; case EVHTTP_REQ_PUT: return PUT; break; default: return UNKNOWN; break; } } void RegisterHTTPHandler(const std::string &prefix, bool exactMatch, const HTTPRequestHandler &handler) { LogPrint(BCLog::HTTP, "Registering HTTP handler for %s (exactmatch %d)\n", prefix, exactMatch); pathHandlers.push_back(HTTPPathHandler(prefix, exactMatch, handler)); } void UnregisterHTTPHandler(const std::string &prefix, bool exactMatch) { std::vector::iterator i = pathHandlers.begin(); std::vector::iterator iend = pathHandlers.end(); for (; i != iend; ++i) if (i->prefix == prefix && i->exactMatch == exactMatch) break; if (i != iend) { LogPrint(BCLog::HTTP, "Unregistering HTTP handler for %s (exactmatch %d)\n", prefix, exactMatch); pathHandlers.erase(i); } } std::string urlDecode(const std::string &urlEncoded) { std::string res; if (!urlEncoded.empty()) { char *decoded = evhttp_uridecode(urlEncoded.c_str(), false, nullptr); if (decoded) { res = std::string(decoded); free(decoded); } } return res; }