// Copyright (c) 2009-2010 Satoshi Nakamoto // Copyright (c) 2009-2019 The Bitcoin Core developers // Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying // file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php. #if defined(HAVE_CONFIG_H) #include #endif #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include const std::function G_TRANSLATION_FUN = nullptr; UrlDecodeFn* const URL_DECODE = urlDecode; static const char DEFAULT_RPCCONNECT[] = "127.0.0.1"; static const int DEFAULT_HTTP_CLIENT_TIMEOUT=900; static const bool DEFAULT_NAMED=false; static const int CONTINUE_EXECUTION=-1; static void SetupCliArgs() { SetupHelpOptions(gArgs); const auto defaultBaseParams = CreateBaseChainParams(CBaseChainParams::MAIN); const auto testnetBaseParams = CreateBaseChainParams(CBaseChainParams::TESTNET); const auto regtestBaseParams = CreateBaseChainParams(CBaseChainParams::REGTEST); gArgs.AddArg("-version", "Print version and exit", ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS); gArgs.AddArg("-conf=", strprintf("Specify configuration file. Relative paths will be prefixed by datadir location. (default: %s)", BITCOIN_CONF_FILENAME), ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS); gArgs.AddArg("-datadir=", "Specify data directory", ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS); gArgs.AddArg("-getinfo", "Get general information from the remote server. Note that unlike server-side RPC calls, the results of -getinfo is the result of multiple non-atomic requests. Some entries in the result may represent results from different states (e.g. wallet balance may be as of a different block from the chain state reported)", ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS); SetupChainParamsBaseOptions(); gArgs.AddArg("-named", strprintf("Pass named instead of positional arguments (default: %s)", DEFAULT_NAMED), ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS); gArgs.AddArg("-rpcclienttimeout=", strprintf("Timeout in seconds during HTTP requests, or 0 for no timeout. (default: %d)", DEFAULT_HTTP_CLIENT_TIMEOUT), ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS); gArgs.AddArg("-rpcconnect=", strprintf("Send commands to node running on (default: %s)", DEFAULT_RPCCONNECT), ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS); gArgs.AddArg("-rpccookiefile=", "Location of the auth cookie. Relative paths will be prefixed by a net-specific datadir location. (default: data dir)", ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS); gArgs.AddArg("-rpcpassword=", "Password for JSON-RPC connections", ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS); gArgs.AddArg("-rpcport=", strprintf("Connect to JSON-RPC on (default: %u, testnet: %u, regtest: %u)", defaultBaseParams->RPCPort(), testnetBaseParams->RPCPort(), regtestBaseParams->RPCPort()), ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY | ArgsManager::NETWORK_ONLY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS); gArgs.AddArg("-rpcuser=", "Username for JSON-RPC connections", ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS); gArgs.AddArg("-rpcwait", "Wait for RPC server to start", ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS); gArgs.AddArg("-rpcwallet=", "Send RPC for non-default wallet on RPC server (needs to exactly match corresponding -wallet option passed to bitcoind). This changes the RPC endpoint used, e.g. http://127.0.0.1:8332/wallet/", ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS); gArgs.AddArg("-stdin", "Read extra arguments from standard input, one per line until EOF/Ctrl-D (recommended for sensitive information such as passphrases). When combined with -stdinrpcpass, the first line from standard input is used for the RPC password.", ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS); gArgs.AddArg("-stdinrpcpass", "Read RPC password from standard input as a single line. When combined with -stdin, the first line from standard input is used for the RPC password. When combined with -stdinwalletpassphrase, -stdinrpcpass consumes the first line, and -stdinwalletpassphrase consumes the second.", ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS); gArgs.AddArg("-stdinwalletpassphrase", "Read wallet passphrase from standard input as a single line. When combined with -stdin, the first line from standard input is used for the wallet passphrase.", ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY, OptionsCategory::OPTIONS); } /** libevent event log callback */ static void libevent_log_cb(int severity, const char *msg) { #ifndef EVENT_LOG_ERR // EVENT_LOG_ERR was added in 2.0.19; but before then _EVENT_LOG_ERR existed. # define EVENT_LOG_ERR _EVENT_LOG_ERR #endif // Ignore everything other than errors if (severity >= EVENT_LOG_ERR) { throw std::runtime_error(strprintf("libevent error: %s", msg)); } } ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // // Start // // // Exception thrown on connection error. This error is used to determine // when to wait if -rpcwait is given. // class CConnectionFailed : public std::runtime_error { public: explicit inline CConnectionFailed(const std::string& msg) : std::runtime_error(msg) {} }; // // This function returns either one of EXIT_ codes when it's expected to stop the process or // CONTINUE_EXECUTION when it's expected to continue further. // static int AppInitRPC(int argc, char* argv[]) { // // Parameters // SetupCliArgs(); std::string error; if (!gArgs.ParseParameters(argc, argv, error)) { tfm::format(std::cerr, "Error parsing command line arguments: %s\n", error); return EXIT_FAILURE; } if (argc < 2 || HelpRequested(gArgs) || gArgs.IsArgSet("-version")) { std::string strUsage = PACKAGE_NAME " RPC client version " + FormatFullVersion() + "\n"; if (!gArgs.IsArgSet("-version")) { strUsage += "\n" "Usage: bitcoin-cli [options] [params] Send command to " PACKAGE_NAME "\n" "or: bitcoin-cli [options] -named [name=value]... Send command to " PACKAGE_NAME " (with named arguments)\n" "or: bitcoin-cli [options] help List commands\n" "or: bitcoin-cli [options] help Get help for a command\n"; strUsage += "\n" + gArgs.GetHelpMessage(); } tfm::format(std::cout, "%s", strUsage); if (argc < 2) { tfm::format(std::cerr, "Error: too few parameters\n"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } return EXIT_SUCCESS; } if (!CheckDataDirOption()) { tfm::format(std::cerr, "Error: Specified data directory \"%s\" does not exist.\n", gArgs.GetArg("-datadir", "")); return EXIT_FAILURE; } if (!gArgs.ReadConfigFiles(error, true)) { tfm::format(std::cerr, "Error reading configuration file: %s\n", error); return EXIT_FAILURE; } // Check for -chain, -testnet or -regtest parameter (BaseParams() calls are only valid after this clause) try { SelectBaseParams(gArgs.GetChainName()); } catch (const std::exception& e) { tfm::format(std::cerr, "Error: %s\n", e.what()); return EXIT_FAILURE; } return CONTINUE_EXECUTION; } /** Reply structure for request_done to fill in */ struct HTTPReply { HTTPReply(): status(0), error(-1) {} int status; int error; std::string body; }; static const char *http_errorstring(int code) { switch(code) { #if LIBEVENT_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x02010300 case EVREQ_HTTP_TIMEOUT: return "timeout reached"; case EVREQ_HTTP_EOF: return "EOF reached"; case EVREQ_HTTP_INVALID_HEADER: return "error while reading header, or invalid header"; case EVREQ_HTTP_BUFFER_ERROR: return "error encountered while reading or writing"; case EVREQ_HTTP_REQUEST_CANCEL: return "request was canceled"; case EVREQ_HTTP_DATA_TOO_LONG: return "response body is larger than allowed"; #endif default: return "unknown"; } } static void http_request_done(struct evhttp_request *req, void *ctx) { HTTPReply *reply = static_cast(ctx); if (req == nullptr) { /* If req is nullptr, it means an error occurred while connecting: the * error code will have been passed to http_error_cb. */ reply->status = 0; return; } reply->status = evhttp_request_get_response_code(req); struct evbuffer *buf = evhttp_request_get_input_buffer(req); if (buf) { size_t size = evbuffer_get_length(buf); const char *data = (const char*)evbuffer_pullup(buf, size); if (data) reply->body = std::string(data, size); evbuffer_drain(buf, size); } } #if LIBEVENT_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x02010300 static void http_error_cb(enum evhttp_request_error err, void *ctx) { HTTPReply *reply = static_cast(ctx); reply->error = err; } #endif /** Class that handles the conversion from a command-line to a JSON-RPC request, * as well as converting back to a JSON object that can be shown as result. */ class BaseRequestHandler { public: virtual ~BaseRequestHandler() {} virtual UniValue PrepareRequest(const std::string& method, const std::vector& args) = 0; virtual UniValue ProcessReply(const UniValue &batch_in) = 0; }; /** Process getinfo requests */ class GetinfoRequestHandler: public BaseRequestHandler { public: const int ID_NETWORKINFO = 0; const int ID_BLOCKCHAININFO = 1; const int ID_WALLETINFO = 2; const int ID_BALANCES = 3; /** Create a simulated `getinfo` request. */ UniValue PrepareRequest(const std::string& method, const std::vector& args) override { if (!args.empty()) { throw std::runtime_error("-getinfo takes no arguments"); } UniValue result(UniValue::VARR); result.push_back(JSONRPCRequestObj("getnetworkinfo", NullUniValue, ID_NETWORKINFO)); result.push_back(JSONRPCRequestObj("getblockchaininfo", NullUniValue, ID_BLOCKCHAININFO)); result.push_back(JSONRPCRequestObj("getwalletinfo", NullUniValue, ID_WALLETINFO)); result.push_back(JSONRPCRequestObj("getbalances", NullUniValue, ID_BALANCES)); return result; } /** Collect values from the batch and form a simulated `getinfo` reply. */ UniValue ProcessReply(const UniValue &batch_in) override { UniValue result(UniValue::VOBJ); std::vector batch = JSONRPCProcessBatchReply(batch_in, batch_in.size()); // Errors in getnetworkinfo() and getblockchaininfo() are fatal, pass them on; // getwalletinfo() and getbalances() are allowed to fail if there is no wallet. if (!batch[ID_NETWORKINFO]["error"].isNull()) { return batch[ID_NETWORKINFO]; } if (!batch[ID_BLOCKCHAININFO]["error"].isNull()) { return batch[ID_BLOCKCHAININFO]; } result.pushKV("version", batch[ID_NETWORKINFO]["result"]["version"]); result.pushKV("blocks", batch[ID_BLOCKCHAININFO]["result"]["blocks"]); result.pushKV("headers", batch[ID_BLOCKCHAININFO]["result"]["headers"]); result.pushKV("verificationprogress", batch[ID_BLOCKCHAININFO]["result"]["verificationprogress"]); result.pushKV("timeoffset", batch[ID_NETWORKINFO]["result"]["timeoffset"]); result.pushKV("connections", batch[ID_NETWORKINFO]["result"]["connections"]); result.pushKV("proxy", batch[ID_NETWORKINFO]["result"]["networks"][0]["proxy"]); result.pushKV("difficulty", batch[ID_BLOCKCHAININFO]["result"]["difficulty"]); result.pushKV("chain", UniValue(batch[ID_BLOCKCHAININFO]["result"]["chain"])); if (!batch[ID_WALLETINFO]["result"].isNull()) { result.pushKV("keypoolsize", batch[ID_WALLETINFO]["result"]["keypoolsize"]); if (!batch[ID_WALLETINFO]["result"]["unlocked_until"].isNull()) { result.pushKV("unlocked_until", batch[ID_WALLETINFO]["result"]["unlocked_until"]); } result.pushKV("paytxfee", batch[ID_WALLETINFO]["result"]["paytxfee"]); } if (!batch[ID_BALANCES]["result"].isNull()) { result.pushKV("balance", batch[ID_BALANCES]["result"]["mine"]["trusted"]); } result.pushKV("relayfee", batch[ID_NETWORKINFO]["result"]["relayfee"]); result.pushKV("warnings", batch[ID_NETWORKINFO]["result"]["warnings"]); return JSONRPCReplyObj(result, NullUniValue, 1); } }; /** Process default single requests */ class DefaultRequestHandler: public BaseRequestHandler { public: UniValue PrepareRequest(const std::string& method, const std::vector& args) override { UniValue params; if(gArgs.GetBoolArg("-named", DEFAULT_NAMED)) { params = RPCConvertNamedValues(method, args); } else { params = RPCConvertValues(method, args); } return JSONRPCRequestObj(method, params, 1); } UniValue ProcessReply(const UniValue &reply) override { return reply.get_obj(); } }; static UniValue CallRPC(BaseRequestHandler *rh, const std::string& strMethod, const std::vector& args) { std::string host; // In preference order, we choose the following for the port: // 1. -rpcport // 2. port in -rpcconnect (ie following : in ipv4 or ]: in ipv6) // 3. default port for chain int port = BaseParams().RPCPort(); SplitHostPort(gArgs.GetArg("-rpcconnect", DEFAULT_RPCCONNECT), port, host); port = gArgs.GetArg("-rpcport", port); // Obtain event base raii_event_base base = obtain_event_base(); // Synchronously look up hostname raii_evhttp_connection evcon = obtain_evhttp_connection_base(base.get(), host, port); // Set connection timeout { const int timeout = gArgs.GetArg("-rpcclienttimeout", DEFAULT_HTTP_CLIENT_TIMEOUT); if (timeout > 0) { evhttp_connection_set_timeout(evcon.get(), timeout); } else { // Indefinite request timeouts are not possible in libevent-http, so we // set the timeout to a very long time period instead. constexpr int YEAR_IN_SECONDS = 31556952; // Average length of year in Gregorian calendar evhttp_connection_set_timeout(evcon.get(), 5 * YEAR_IN_SECONDS); } } HTTPReply response; raii_evhttp_request req = obtain_evhttp_request(http_request_done, (void*)&response); if (req == nullptr) throw std::runtime_error("create http request failed"); #if LIBEVENT_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x02010300 evhttp_request_set_error_cb(req.get(), http_error_cb); #endif // Get credentials std::string strRPCUserColonPass; bool failedToGetAuthCookie = false; if (gArgs.GetArg("-rpcpassword", "") == "") { // Try fall back to cookie-based authentication if no password is provided if (!GetAuthCookie(&strRPCUserColonPass)) { failedToGetAuthCookie = true; } } else { strRPCUserColonPass = gArgs.GetArg("-rpcuser", "") + ":" + gArgs.GetArg("-rpcpassword", ""); } struct evkeyvalq* output_headers = evhttp_request_get_output_headers(req.get()); assert(output_headers); evhttp_add_header(output_headers, "Host", host.c_str()); evhttp_add_header(output_headers, "Connection", "close"); evhttp_add_header(output_headers, "Authorization", (std::string("Basic ") + EncodeBase64(strRPCUserColonPass)).c_str()); // Attach request data std::string strRequest = rh->PrepareRequest(strMethod, args).write() + "\n"; struct evbuffer* output_buffer = evhttp_request_get_output_buffer(req.get()); assert(output_buffer); evbuffer_add(output_buffer, strRequest.data(), strRequest.size()); // check if we should use a special wallet endpoint std::string endpoint = "/"; if (!gArgs.GetArgs("-rpcwallet").empty()) { std::string walletName = gArgs.GetArg("-rpcwallet", ""); char *encodedURI = evhttp_uriencode(walletName.data(), walletName.size(), false); if (encodedURI) { endpoint = "/wallet/"+ std::string(encodedURI); free(encodedURI); } else { throw CConnectionFailed("uri-encode failed"); } } int r = evhttp_make_request(evcon.get(), req.get(), EVHTTP_REQ_POST, endpoint.c_str()); req.release(); // ownership moved to evcon in above call if (r != 0) { throw CConnectionFailed("send http request failed"); } event_base_dispatch(base.get()); if (response.status == 0) { std::string responseErrorMessage; if (response.error != -1) { responseErrorMessage = strprintf(" (error code %d - \"%s\")", response.error, http_errorstring(response.error)); } throw CConnectionFailed(strprintf("Could not connect to the server %s:%d%s\n\nMake sure the bitcoind server is running and that you are connecting to the correct RPC port.", host, port, responseErrorMessage)); } else if (response.status == HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED) { if (failedToGetAuthCookie) { throw std::runtime_error(strprintf( "Could not locate RPC credentials. No authentication cookie could be found, and RPC password is not set. See -rpcpassword and -stdinrpcpass. Configuration file: (%s)", GetConfigFile(gArgs.GetArg("-conf", BITCOIN_CONF_FILENAME)).string())); } else { throw std::runtime_error("Authorization failed: Incorrect rpcuser or rpcpassword"); } } else if (response.status >= 400 && response.status != HTTP_BAD_REQUEST && response.status != HTTP_NOT_FOUND && response.status != HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR) throw std::runtime_error(strprintf("server returned HTTP error %d", response.status)); else if (response.body.empty()) throw std::runtime_error("no response from server"); // Parse reply UniValue valReply(UniValue::VSTR); if (!valReply.read(response.body)) throw std::runtime_error("couldn't parse reply from server"); const UniValue reply = rh->ProcessReply(valReply); if (reply.empty()) throw std::runtime_error("expected reply to have result, error and id properties"); return reply; } static int CommandLineRPC(int argc, char *argv[]) { std::string strPrint; int nRet = 0; try { // Skip switches while (argc > 1 && IsSwitchChar(argv[1][0])) { argc--; argv++; } std::string rpcPass; if (gArgs.GetBoolArg("-stdinrpcpass", false)) { NO_STDIN_ECHO(); if (!StdinReady()) { fputs("RPC password> ", stderr); fflush(stderr); } if (!std::getline(std::cin, rpcPass)) { throw std::runtime_error("-stdinrpcpass specified but failed to read from standard input"); } if (StdinTerminal()) { fputc('\n', stdout); } gArgs.ForceSetArg("-rpcpassword", rpcPass); } std::vector args = std::vector(&argv[1], &argv[argc]); if (gArgs.GetBoolArg("-stdinwalletpassphrase", false)) { NO_STDIN_ECHO(); std::string walletPass; if (args.size() < 1 || args[0].substr(0, 16) != "walletpassphrase") { throw std::runtime_error("-stdinwalletpassphrase is only applicable for walletpassphrase(change)"); } if (!StdinReady()) { fputs("Wallet passphrase> ", stderr); fflush(stderr); } if (!std::getline(std::cin, walletPass)) { throw std::runtime_error("-stdinwalletpassphrase specified but failed to read from standard input"); } if (StdinTerminal()) { fputc('\n', stdout); } args.insert(args.begin() + 1, walletPass); } if (gArgs.GetBoolArg("-stdin", false)) { // Read one arg per line from stdin and append std::string line; while (std::getline(std::cin, line)) { args.push_back(line); } if (StdinTerminal()) { fputc('\n', stdout); } } std::unique_ptr rh; std::string method; if (gArgs.GetBoolArg("-getinfo", false)) { rh.reset(new GetinfoRequestHandler()); method = ""; } else { rh.reset(new DefaultRequestHandler()); if (args.size() < 1) { throw std::runtime_error("too few parameters (need at least command)"); } method = args[0]; args.erase(args.begin()); // Remove trailing method name from arguments vector } // Execute and handle connection failures with -rpcwait const bool fWait = gArgs.GetBoolArg("-rpcwait", false); do { try { const UniValue reply = CallRPC(rh.get(), method, args); // Parse reply const UniValue& result = find_value(reply, "result"); const UniValue& error = find_value(reply, "error"); if (!error.isNull()) { // Error int code = error["code"].get_int(); if (fWait && code == RPC_IN_WARMUP) throw CConnectionFailed("server in warmup"); strPrint = "error: " + error.write(); nRet = abs(code); if (error.isObject()) { UniValue errCode = find_value(error, "code"); UniValue errMsg = find_value(error, "message"); strPrint = errCode.isNull() ? "" : "error code: "+errCode.getValStr()+"\n"; if (errMsg.isStr()) strPrint += "error message:\n"+errMsg.get_str(); if (errCode.isNum() && errCode.get_int() == RPC_WALLET_NOT_SPECIFIED) { strPrint += "\nTry adding \"-rpcwallet=\" option to bitcoin-cli command line."; } } } else { // Result if (result.isNull()) strPrint = ""; else if (result.isStr()) strPrint = result.get_str(); else strPrint = result.write(2); } // Connection succeeded, no need to retry. break; } catch (const CConnectionFailed&) { if (fWait) UninterruptibleSleep(std::chrono::milliseconds{1000}); else throw; } } while (fWait); } catch (const std::exception& e) { strPrint = std::string("error: ") + e.what(); nRet = EXIT_FAILURE; } catch (...) { PrintExceptionContinue(nullptr, "CommandLineRPC()"); throw; } if (strPrint != "") { tfm::format(nRet == 0 ? std::cout : std::cerr, "%s\n", strPrint); } return nRet; } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { #ifdef WIN32 util::WinCmdLineArgs winArgs; std::tie(argc, argv) = winArgs.get(); #endif SetupEnvironment(); if (!SetupNetworking()) { tfm::format(std::cerr, "Error: Initializing networking failed\n"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } event_set_log_callback(&libevent_log_cb); try { int ret = AppInitRPC(argc, argv); if (ret != CONTINUE_EXECUTION) return ret; } catch (const std::exception& e) { PrintExceptionContinue(&e, "AppInitRPC()"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } catch (...) { PrintExceptionContinue(nullptr, "AppInitRPC()"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } int ret = EXIT_FAILURE; try { ret = CommandLineRPC(argc, argv); } catch (const std::exception& e) { PrintExceptionContinue(&e, "CommandLineRPC()"); } catch (...) { PrintExceptionContinue(nullptr, "CommandLineRPC()"); } return ret; }